neocon bak

=917 captsomewhat neglectedodd strain of nepotism?Relatives of the administration were also given jobs, such as Ari Fleischer’s brother Michael, and Simone Ledeen, the daughter of Michael Ledeen. Cheney’s daughter Liz, also did a short stint. However, it should be noted that none of them lounged around for too long in what soon became a hellhole in Iraq.rt nation neocons tightly linked [more than he knows] wolfie wrote ~iraq paper in carter admin (worked for every pres ex BC)  92 2x (so out there his boss dc had to rewrite)  domiant at AEI, hudsom and Manhatan (urban), run Bradly and Olin; media rupurt and hblack ;perle stff for scoop jackson, dod for RR; bc pol out, noe "Wld West posse" 207  overreached, lost cred when no WMD=wiki<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 17.92px;">The Vulcans is a nickname used to refer to Republican Presidential candidate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George W. Bush</a>'s foreign policy advisory team assembled to brief him prior to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,2000" title="United States presidential election, 2000" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">2000 U.S. presidential election</a>. The Vulcans were led by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Condoleezza Rice</a> and included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Armitage(politician)" title="Richard Armitage (politician)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Richard Armitage</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Blackwill" title="Robert Blackwill" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert Blackwill</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hadley" title="Stephen Hadley" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Stephen Hadley</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Perle" title="Richard Perle" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Richard Perle</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dov_S.Zakheim" title="Dov S. Zakheim" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Dov S. Zakheim</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zoellick" title="Robert Zoellick" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert Zoellick</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Paul Wolfowitz</a>, and Wolfowitz protégé, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_Libby" title="Scooter Libby" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Scooter Libby</a>. Other key campaign figures including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Dick Cheney</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_P.Shultz" title="George P. Shultz" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George P. Shultz</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Colin Powell</a> were also closely associated with the group but were never actually members. During the campaign, Bush sought to deflect questions about his own lack of foreign policy experience by pointing to this group of experienced advisers. After the election, all the members of the team received key positions within the new Bush administration.The name "The Vulcans" alludes to a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_statue" title="Vulcan statue" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">huge statue</a> of Vulcan, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan(mythology)" title="Vulcan (mythology)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Roman god of fire and metalworking</a>, in Rice’s home town of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham,Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Birmingham</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Alabama</a>.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;">
</div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#Origin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">1Origin</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#Campaign" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">2Campaign</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#Legacy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">3Legacy</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#Further_reading" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">4Further reading</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">5References</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Origin[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Vulcans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">edit</a>]</h2>
In early 1999, a team largely drawn from the middle echelons of the first Bush administration began to act as foreign policy advisors to George W. Bush.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[2]</a>During the summer of 1998, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George W. Bush</a> met with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Condoleezza Rice</a> at the behest of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H.W. Bush" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George H.W. Bush</a> at the Bush estate in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennebunkport" title="Kennebunkport" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Kennebunkport</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine" title="Maine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Maine</a>. Rice had been director for Soviet and East European Affairs of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">National Security Council</a>under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Scowcroft" title="Brent Scowcroft" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Brent Scowcroft</a> during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H. W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George H. W. Bush</a>'s administration and Scowcroft had been guiding her career ever since, ensuring she came to the attention of Bush Sr. "Eventually he was quite taken with her," Scowcroft recalled in an interview by<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mann(writer)" title="James Mann (writer)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">James Mann</a> for his book Rise of the Vulcans (2004). According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coit_D.Blacker" title="Coit D. Blacker" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Coit D. Blacker</a>, Rice and George W. Bush also "bonded at Kennebunkport" in August 1998.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[1]</a> The several days of discussions that followed resulted in Rice agreeing to take charge of foreign policy for George W. Bush’s upcoming presidential campaign. Later that year <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Paul Wolfowitz</a>, a former protégé of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George Shultz</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Dick Cheney</a>, was taken on as well. Wolfowitz had also served as foreign policy advisor to Bob Dole during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996" title="United States presidential election, 1996" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">1996 U.S. presidential election</a>.<ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A");"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Armitage(politician)" title="Richard Armitage (politician)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Richard Armitage</a>, former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Defense_for_International_Security_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Blackwill" title="Robert Blackwill" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert Blackwill</a>, former member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States National Security Council</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hadley" title="Stephen Hadley" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Stephen Hadley</a>, former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Global_Strategic_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_Libby" title="Scooter Libby" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Scooter Libby</a>, former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Perle" title="Richard Perle" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Richard Perle</a>, former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Global_Strategic_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Condoleezza Rice</a>, former member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States National Security Council</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Paul Wolfowitz</a>, former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Policy" title="Under Secretary of Defense for Policy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Under Secretary of Defense for Policy</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dov_Zakheim" title="Dov Zakheim" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Dov Zakheim</a>, former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Strategy, Plans, & Forces.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zoellick" title="Robert Zoellick" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert Zoellick</a>, former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counselor_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State" title="Counselor of the United States Department of State" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Counselor of the United States Department of State</a>.</li></ul>In early 1999, the Vulcans held their first meeting in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,Texas" title="Austin, Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Austin, Texas</a>, which was attended by Cheney and Shultz. The group communicated regularly afterward.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[3]</a>During 1999 and 2000, a second group was formed under the leadership of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Donald Rumsfeld</a> to deal specifically with the subject of missile defence. While distinct from the Vulcans, it did include Rice, Wolfowitz, Hadley and Perle alongside Shultz and various scientists, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Anderson" title="Martin Anderson" class="mw-disambig" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Martin Anderson</a>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dispenser.homenet.org/_{dispenser/cgi-bin/dab_solver.py?page=The_Vulcans&editintro=Template:Disambiguation_needed/editintro&client=Template:Dn}" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding: 0px !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">disambiguation needed</a>] of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Stanford University</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Wood" title="Lowell Wood" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Lowell Wood</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[4]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Campaign[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Vulcans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Campaign" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">edit</a>]</h2><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George W. Bush</a> laid out his foreign policy plans on October 11, 2000, at the second Gore-Bush presidential debate against his Democratic rival <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Vice President</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Al Gore</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[5]</a><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"If we're an arrogant nation, they'll resent us. If we're a humble nation, but strong, they'll welcome us. Our nation stands alone right now in the world in terms of power, and that's why we have to be humble, and yet project strength in a way that promotes freedom."<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.debates.org/pages/trans2000b.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E"); background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, repeat;">[1]</a></dd></dl>“The vice president and I have a disagreement about the use of troops,” Bush announced. “He believes in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_building" title="Nation building" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">nation building</a>. I would be very careful about using troops as nation builders,” he clarified, expressing particular concerns about the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Administration" title="Clinton Administration" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Clinton Administration’s</a> recent involvement in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Somalia</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Haiti</a>, by telling Gore:<dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">“I'm not so sure the role of the United States is to go around the world and say this is the way it's got to be. We can help. And maybe it's just our difference in government, the way we view government. I want to empower the people. I want to help people help themselves, not have government tell people what to do. I just don't think it's the role of the United States to walk into a country and say, we do it this way, so should you.”</dd></dl>“I believe the role of the military is to fight and win war,” Bush went on to explain, “I don’t want to try to put our troops in all places at all times. I don’t want to be the world’s policeman.”During the campaign Bush promised to increase the defense budget, stating that “America’s armed forces need better equipment, better training and better pay.” However Bush did not promise as much of an increase as Gore even going as far as to state “If this is a race to see who can spend the most money, I’m going to lose.” Analyst <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D.Hartung" title="William D. Hartung" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">William D. Hartung</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Policy_Institute" title="World Policy Institute" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">World Policy Institute</a> points out that Gore promised $100 billion over 10 years while Bush promised $50 billion over the same period. However, according to Hartung, “the $50 billion referred to specific projects,” and that “[i]t could not possibly have referred to their entire proposed increase”.Bush, at the advice of Hadley, also proposed greater nuclear arms reductions than Gore. Hadley’s plan proposed unilaterally reducing the number of proposed long-range nuclear missiles to around 1,500-2,000 from the then 6,500-7,500, but caveats to this included the abandonment of attempts to get the Senate to ratify the 1996<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Test_Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty</a> and the development of new low-yield <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_bunker_buster" title="Nuclear bunker buster" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">bunker-busting mini-nukes</a> for actual battle-field use. Hartung feared that these steps would “re-start the nuclear arms race” as the U.S. arsenal was upgraded.At the advice of Rumsfeld’s missile defense group, Bush committed himself to building a strong <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Missile_Defense" title="National Missile Defense" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">National Missile Defense</a>. Stating that "[n]ow is not the time to defend outdated treaties but to defend the American people," he made it clear that he was willing to abandon the 1972 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a> in order to do this. A member of the group had told the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post" title="Washington Post" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Washington Post</a> that "All of us to a greater or lesser extent were uncomfortable with the treaty, but Bush said 'My concern isn’t the treaty. My concern is missile defense, and I don’t want anything to stand in the way of it.'"Bush’s plans for NMD went far beyond the limited options endorsed by the Clinton Administration. As Hartung points out, “Bush’s advisers suggested that if elected, would not limit the system to land-based options, but would move full speed ahead to develop interceptors based at sea, lasers based on aircraft and perhaps lasers or rockets based in space as well.” Hartung estimated that this would cost a minimum of $100–200 billion, far in excess of Bush's promised defense budget increase.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Legacy[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Vulcans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">edit</a>]</h2><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Armitage(politician)" title="Richard Armitage (politician)" style="line-height: 17.92px; text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">
Richard Armitage</a> was appointed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Deputy Secretary of State" style="line-height: 17.92px; text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. Deputy Secretary of State</a> under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell" style="line-height: 17.92px; text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Colin Powell</a>.Following the election of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George W. Bush</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">President of the United States</a>, the Vulcans all received key positions within the new administration.<ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A");"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Blackwill" title="Robert Blackwill" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert Blackwill</a> was appointed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Ambassador_to_India" title="U.S. Ambassador to India" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. Ambassador to India</a> and later to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States National Security Council</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hadley" title="Stephen Hadley" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Stephen Hadley</a> was appointed U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor under Rice and later <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.National_Security_Advisor" title="U.S. National Security Advisor" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. National Security Advisor</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_Libby" title="Scooter Libby" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Scooter Libby</a> became <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_to_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Perle" title="Richard Perle" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Richard Perle</a> was appointed chairman of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Policy_Board_Advisory_Committee" title="Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Condoleezza Rice</a> was appointed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.National_Security_Advisor" title="U.S. National Security Advisor" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. National Security Advisor</a> and later <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Secretary_of_State" title="U.S. Secretary of State" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. Secretary of State</a> in Bush's Second Administration.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Paul Wolfowitz</a> was appointed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense</a> under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Donald Rumsfeld</a> and later president of the World Bank in 2005.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dov_Zakheim" title="Dov Zakheim" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Dov Zakheim</a> was appointed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense(Comptroller)" title="Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zoellick" title="Robert Zoellick" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert Zoellick</a> was appointed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Trade_Representative" title="U.S. Trade Representative" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. Trade Representative</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Deputy Secretary of State" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States Deputy Secretary of State</a> and nominated as World Bank president in 2007.</li></ul>On December 13, 2001, in accordance with his campaign promises on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Missile_Defense" title="National Missile Defense" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">National Missile Defense</a>, Bush gave <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Russia</a> six months notice of the United States' withdrawal from the 1972 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a>. This was the first time in recent history the United States had withdrawn from a major international arms treaty.The humble foreign policy outlined by Bush during his campaign, however, was quickly dropped after the terrorist attacks of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11" title="9/11" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">9/11</a> in favor of a more aggressive policy that has been dubbed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Bush Doctrine</a>.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Further reading[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Vulcans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A");"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmay_Khalilzad" title="Zalmay Khalilzad" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Zalmay Khalilzad</a> (1994) From Containment to Global Leadership?: America & the World After the Cold War, RAND Corporation <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0833016202" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">ISBN 0-8330-1620-2</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mann(writer)" title="James Mann (writer)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">James Mann</a> (2004) Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet. Viking <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0670032999" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">ISBN 0-670-03299-9</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D.Hartung" title="William D. Hartung" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">William D. Hartung</a> (2003) How Much Are You Making On The War, Daddy? Bantum <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1863254331" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">ISBN 1-86325-433-1</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Paul Wolfowitz</a> (1997) "The United States and Iraq," in The Future of Iraq, ed. John Calabrese, Middle East Institute</li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">References[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Vulcans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; user-select: none; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Mann, James. 2004. Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet. p. 250.</li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; user-select: none; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Mann, James. 2004. Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet. p. 251-252.</li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; user-select: none; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Mann, James. 2004. Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet. p. 252.</li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; user-select: none; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Mann, James. 2004. Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet. p. 253.</li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vulcans#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; user-select: none; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Second Presidential Debate, October 11, 2000: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debates.org/pages/trans2000b.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E"); background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, repeat;">transcript.</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 17.92px;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Categories</a>: <ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:George_W.Bush_presidential_campaign,2000" title="Category:George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000</a></li></ul></div></div><ol style="line-height: 25px;"><li>George W. Bush: The president who invaded Iraq has apparently learned nothing from the experience, <a href="http://www.rt.com/usa/253593-bush-obama-iran-sanctions/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">arguing in April </a>that Obama negotiating with Iran was “naive.”</li><li>Bill Kristol: Kristol, a long-time GOP apparatchik who today is a <a href="http://www.committeeforisrael.com/board" style="text-decoration-line: none;">board member</a> of the anti-deal Emergency Committee for Israel, was one of the <a href="http://www.sanders.senate.gov/flashback-republicans-iraq-cheney-wolfowitz-kristol" style="text-decoration-line: none;">biggest proponents</a> of the Iraq war. “We will, in fact, be greeted as liberators,” he said in March 2003. From his perch at The Weekly Standard, Kristol has <a href="http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/special-editorial-kill-deal_908909.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">asked</a> lawmakers to “kill the deal.”</li><li>David Frum: Frum was a Bush administration speechwriter who <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/jan/28/usa.iran" style="text-decoration-line: none;">coined the term</a> “Axis of Evil” to describe the governments of Iraq, Iran and North Korea, in order to justify the war push. Today, Frum not only opposes the Iran deal but has <a href="http://www.timesofisrael.com/us-jewish-group-slams-dual-loyalty-smears-on-iran-deal/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">suggested</a> that Obama is engaged in antisemitic rhetoric for calling out lobbyists who are trying to sink the agreement.</li><li>Lindsey Graham: Graham <a href="https://votesmart.org/public-statement/14702/statement-from-lindsey-graham-on-war-with-iraq#.VdzA8vZVgk0" style="text-decoration-line: none;">said</a> war with Iraq was the “only reasonable option”; today he says the deal is like throwing a “<a href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/sen.-lindsey-graham-to-seek-authorization-for-u.s.-attack-on-iran/article/2536040" style="text-decoration-line: none;">can of gasoline</a>” on a fire.</li><li>John McCain: Graham's fellow senator McCain <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/12/opinion/12MCCA.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">said Iraq</a> was “the right war for the right reasons” as he offered full-throated backing to the adventure. McCain mocks Obama's diplomatic effort, saying the Iran agreement is an attempt by the Obama administration to seek “<a href="http://thehill.com/policy/international/240119-mccain-obama-administration-pursuing-nirvana-with-iran-deal" style="text-decoration-line: none;">nirvana</a>."</li><li>Dick Cheney: Cheney, who represents the warmongering arm of the warmongering Republican Party, was a mastermind of the Iraq war. He has <a href="http://www.politico.com/story/2015/08/dick-cheney-speak-out-against-iran-nuclear-deal-121674.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">claimed</a> the deal would put us closer to nuclear war than at any time since World War II, and plans to give an address against the agreement next month.</li><li>Joe Lieberman: The former Democratic vice presidential candidate who <a href="http://www.juancole.com/2011/01/top-ten-horrible-things-done-to-us-by-outgoing-sen-joe-lieberman.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">turned</a> against his own party over the Iraq war has <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/12/world/middleeast/head-of-group-opposing-iran-accord-quits-post-saying-he-backs-deal.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">stepped up to lead</a> so-called United Against Nuclear Iran, after the last chairman of the group stepped down because he decided to support the deal.</li><li>Benjamin Netanyahu: The Prime Minister of Israel was outside the government in 2002, but he was still called to testify, <a href="https://youtu.be/fpQdg4D78Jc" style="text-decoration-line: none;">telling lawmakers he had no doubts</a> about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. He is now claiming <a href="http://www.msnbc.com/jose-diaz-balart/watch/netanyahu--iran-deal--not-good-for-any-of-us--484672067526" style="text-decoration-line: none;">diplomacy with Iran threatens the entire world</a>.</li><li>Eli Lake: Lake was a reporter for UPI, <a href="http://fortressamerica.gawker.com/daily-beast-reporter-was-for-illegal-iraq-war-before-he-1635479882" style="text-decoration-line: none;">arguing</a> about the threat of fantasy Iraqi WMD. Today, Lake is a one-man propaganda operation at Bloomberg View, claiming that Obama is practicing the “<a href="http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-08-03/obama-plays-politics-of-fear-to-get-his-iran-deal" style="text-decoration-line: none;">politics of fear</a>” in order to achieve peace, rather than the war Lake supported.</li><li>AIPAC: The American Israel Public Affairs Committee, the main pro-Israel lobbying group, <a href="http://www.lobelog.com/aipac-bristles-at-obamas-reminder-of-iraq-war-lobbying/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">lobbied on behalf</a> of the Iraq war. Today, it is engaged in a no-holds-barred fight to kill the Iran deal, with the donors it has arrayed into an outside group pledging to <a href="http://mondoweiss.net/2015/08/spending-estimated-million" style="text-decoration-line: none;">spend as much as $40 million</a>.</li></ol>The irony of all this is that the <a href="http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-07-14/blame-george-w-bush-for-iran-deal" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Iraq war set up</a> the diplomatic arrangements we are finalizing today. The war in Iraq expanded Iranian influence, and the West's negotiations with Iran are partly a result of a nuclear program that was ramped up in the wake of U.S. wars with Iran's neighbors. There is also added pressure to deal with Iran on the mutual interest of containing ISIS, which would likely never have emerged but for the Iraq war. The nuclear deal is simply an attempt to clean up the mess made by the Iraq war architects themselves.http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/10-disgraced-iraq-war-supporters-who-are-desperately-trying-undo-obamas-iran-dealsrcwtch:<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.4px;">Neo-conservatives/list also known as Neo-consSee the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Neo-conservative" title="Neo-conservative" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">neo-conservative</a> entry for background information.<ul data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("");" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Elliott_Abrams" title="Elliott Abrams" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Elliott Abrams</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ken_Adelman" title="Ken Adelman" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Ken Adelman</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Richard_Armitage" title="Richard Armitage" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Richard Armitage</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_David_Ashcroft" title="John David Ashcroft" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John David Ashcroft</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Fred_Barnes" title="Fred Barnes" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Fred Barnes</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Gary_Bauer" title="Gary Bauer" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Gary Bauer</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_J.Bennett" title="William J. Bennett" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">William J. Bennett</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jeffrey_Bergner" title="Jeffrey Bergner" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Jeffrey Bergner</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">John Bolton</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Max_Boot" title="Max Boot" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Max Boot</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ellen_Bork" title="Ellen Bork" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Ellen Bork</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Paul_Bremer" title="Paul Bremer" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Paul Bremer</a> Lewis Paul "Jerry" Bremer III</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_Brooks" title="David Brooks" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">David Brooks</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Shoshana_Bryen" title="Shoshana Bryen" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Shoshana Bryen</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Stephen_D.Bryen" title="Stephen D. Bryen" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Stephen D. Bryen</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Zbigniew_Brzezinski" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Zbigniew Brzezinski</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Stephen_A.Cambone" title="Stephen A. Cambone" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Stephen A. Cambone</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Eliot_A.Cohen" title="Eliot A. Cohen" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Eliot A. Cohen</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Midge_Decter" title="Midge Decter" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Midge Decter</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Paula_J.Dobriansky" title="Paula J. Dobriansky" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Paula J. Dobriansky</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thomas_Donnelly" title="Thomas Donnelly" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Thomas Donnelly</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_Doolittle" title="John Doolittle" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John Doolittle</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Douglas_Jay_Feith" title="Douglas Jay Feith" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Douglas Jay Feith</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_Frum" title="David Frum" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">David Frum</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Francis Fukuyama</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Frank_J.Gaffney,Jr." title="Frank J. Gaffney, Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Frank J. Gaffney, Jr.</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Reuel_Marc_Gerecht" title="Reuel Marc Gerecht" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Reuel Marc Gerecht</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Newt Gingrich</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Joshua_Goldberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Goldberg (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Joshua Goldberg</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Owen_Harries" title="Owen Harries" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Owen Harries</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bruce_P.Jackson" title="Bruce P. Jackson" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bruce P. Jackson</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Michael_Johns" title="Michael Johns" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Michael Johns</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_Kagan" title="Robert Kagan" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert Kagan</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Zalmay_Khalilzad" title="Zalmay Khalilzad" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Zalmay Khalilzad</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Jeane Kirkpatrick</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Henry Kissinger</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Neal_Kozodoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neal Kozodoy (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Neal Kozodoy</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Charles Krauthammer</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Irving Kristol</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_Kristol" title="William Kristol" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Kristol</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Michael_Arthur_Ledeen" title="Michael Arthur Ledeen" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Michael Arthur Ledeen</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jay_Lefkowitz" title="Jay Lefkowitz" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Jay Lefkowitz</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/I.Lewis_Libby" title="I. Lewis Libby" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">I. Lewis Libby</a> a.k.a. "Scooter"</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Michael_H.Mobbs" title="Michael H. Mobbs" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Michael H. Mobbs</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_Muravchik" title="Joshua Muravchik" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Joshua Muravchik</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Rupert Murdoch</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Richard_J.Neuhaus" title="Richard J. Neuhaus" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Richard J. Neuhaus</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Michael_Novak" title="Michael Novak" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Michael Novak</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Martin_Peretz" title="Martin Peretz" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Martin Peretz</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Richard_N.Perle" title="Richard N. Perle" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Richard N. Perle</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Daniel_Pipes" title="Daniel Pipes" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Daniel Pipes</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Norman Podhoretz</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Howard_Raines" title="Howard Raines" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Howard Raines</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Peter_W.Rodman" title="Peter W. Rodman" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Peter W. Rodman</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Karl Rove</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Donald_H.Rumsfeld" title="Donald H. Rumsfeld" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Donald H. Rumsfeld</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Richard Mellon Scaife</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Gary_J.Schmitt" title="Gary J. Schmitt" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Gary J. Schmitt</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_Schneider,Jr." title="William Schneider, Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Schneider, Jr.</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Abram_N.Shulsky" title="Abram N. Shulsky" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Abram N. Shulsky</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_W.Tucker" title="Robert W. Tucker" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Robert W. Tucker</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Harlan_Ullman" title="Harlan Ullman" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harlan Ullman</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Vin_Weber" title="Vin Weber" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Vin Weber</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Paul_Dundes_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Dundes Wolfowitz" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Paul Dundes Wolfowitz</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/R.James_Woolsey,Jr." title="R. James Woolsey, Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">R. James Woolsey, Jr.</a> (PNAC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_Wurmser" title="David Wurmser" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">David Wurmser</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Meyrav_Wurmser" title="Meyrav Wurmser" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Meyrav Wurmser</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Dov_Zakheim" title="Dov Zakheim" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Dov Zakheim</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karl_Zinsmeister" title="Karl Zinsmeister" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Karl Zinsmeister</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_B.Zoellick" title="Robert B. Zoellick" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Robert B. Zoellick</a></li></ul></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Category</a>: <ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Lists" title="Category:Lists" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lists</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="headline" style="line-height: 32px;"><h1 property="dc:title" datatype="" class="node-title" style="line-height: 52px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; clear: both;">A Fraternity of Failure: Paul Krugman On How Neocon Ideology Rewards Being Wrong</h1></div><div class="teaser" style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 32px;"><div class="field field-name-field-teaser field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">The only “experts” left standing are those who made all the approved mistakes.</div></div></div></div><div class="byline story" style="margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 350px; float: left; line-height: 32px;">By <a href="http://www.alternet.org/authors/adam-johnson-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Adam Johnson</a> / <a href="http://alternet.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">AlterNet</a></div><div class="story-date" style="float: left; margin-left: 20px; padding-left: 15px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); line-height: 32px;">May 15, 2015</div><div class="authors_signup" style="clear: both; line-height: 32px;"><div class="item-list"><ul style="list-style-type: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><li class="first last" /></ul></div></div><div class="top-tools" style="clear: both; padding-top: 15px; line-height: 32px;">Friday morning, Paul Krugman looked past the 24-hour 2016 media cycle to<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/15/opinion/paul-krugman-fraternity-of-failure.html&assetType=opinion?gwh=1B396A4252A95D7ECAFD0AE7112A42B0&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion&r=0" style="text-decoration-line: none;">examine the true mechanisms</a> behind Jeb Bush's week of backtracking and Iraq War revisionism. Krugman argues, quite convincingly, that Bush's inability to articulate a coherent position on Iraq - or the economy - is due to the fact that the GOP establishment, still held captive by the neoconservative clergy class, are constantly trying to fit a rigid ideological square peg into the round hole of reality.</div><div class="clear-divider" style="clear: both; border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height: 1px; margin: 15px 0px; line-height: 32px;"><div class="the_body body_story clearfix" style="line-height: 25px;">W's Iraq War was a categorical and unquestionable failure in every sense. Moral, strategic, legal, political: the wrongheadedness of the 2003 invasion is<a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/iraq-turmoil/not-worth-it-huge-majority-regret-iraq-war-exclusive-poll-n139686" style="text-decoration-line: none;">broadly seen</a> as one of the few black and whites in contemporary politics, despite recent <a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2015/03/20/politics-counts-george-w-bushs-quiet-comeback/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">attempts to "rebrand" the Bush presidency</a> as anything other than a total disaster. Nevertheless, here we are. Little brother must at once acknowledge that the Iraq War was a bad idea while simultaneously not rejecting the American Enterprise Institute orthodoxy that makes up his inner circle and their entire foreign policy ethos. Krugman would call it what it was, total sleaze:<blockquote>Then he tried to walk it back. He “interpreted the question wrong,” and isn’t interested in engaging “hypotheticals.” Anyway, “going back in time” is a “disservice” to those who served in the war.Take a moment to savor the cowardice and vileness of that last remark. And, no, that’s not hyperbole. Mr. Bush is trying to hide behind the troops, pretending that any criticism of political leaders — especially, of course, his brother, the commander in chief — is an attack on the courage and patriotism of those who paid the price for their superiors’ mistakes. That’s sinking very low, and it tells us a lot more about the candidate’s character than any number of up-close-and-personal interviews.Wait, there’s more: Incredibly, Mr. Bush resorted to the old passive-voice dodge, admitting only that “mistakes were made.” Indeed. By whom? Well, earlier this year Mr. Bush released a list of his chief advisers on foreign policy, and it was a who’s-who of mistake-makers, people who played essential roles in the Iraq disaster and other debacles.Seriously, consider that list, which includes such luminaries as Paul Wolfowitz, who insisted that we would be welcomed as liberators and that the war would cost almost nothing, and Michael Chertoff, who as director of the Department of Homeland Security during Hurricane Katrina was unaware of the thousands of people stranded at the New Orleans convention center without food and water.</blockquote>But this unchecked hubris wouldn't be limited to just foreign policy. As Krugman would explain:<blockquote>Take my usual focus, economic policy. If you look at the list of economists who appear to have significant influence on Republican leaders, including the likely presidential candidates, you find that nearly all of them agreed, back during the “Bush boom,” that there was no housing bubble and the American economic future was bright; that nearly all of them predicted that the Federal Reserve’s efforts to fight the economic crisis that developed when that nonexistent bubble popped would lead to severe inflation; and that nearly all of them predicted that Obamacare, which went fully into effect in 2014, would be a huge job-killer.Given how badly these predictions turned out — we had the biggest housing bust in history, inflation paranoia has been wrong for six years and counting, and 2014 delivered the best job growth since 1999 — you might think that there would be some room in the G.O.P. for economists who didn’t get everything wrong. But there isn’t. Having been completely wrong about the economy, like having been completely wrong about Iraq, seems to be a required credential.</blockquote>The craven team that made up W's White House sits in waiting. Backed by the same toxic mix of free-market ideologues, religious extremists, and pseudo-centrist apologists, Jeb is trying the same lay low strategy his brother did in 2000. The only problem, politically, is that he must carry the baggage of a Presidency so inept and corrupt it's become shorthand for what one doesn't want in a President. Americans notoriously have short memories, but, as Bush is finding out, there are limits to our collective amnesia. As Krugman would note:<blockquote>What’s going on here? My best explanation is that we’re witnessing the effects of extreme tribalism. On the modern right, everything is a political litmus test. Anyone who tried to think through the pros and cons of the Iraq war was, by definition, an enemy of President George W. Bush and probably hated America; anyone who questioned whether the Federal Reserve was really debasing the currency was surely an enemy of capitalism and freedom.It doesn’t matter that the skeptics have been proved right. Simply raising questions about the orthodoxies of the moment leads to excommunication, from which there is no coming back. So the only “experts” left standing are those who made all the approved mistakes. It’s kind of a fraternity of failure: men and women united by a shared history of getting everything wrong, and refusing to admit it. Will they get the chance to add more chapters to their reign of error?</blockquote>Krugman hits the nail right on the head. The same arrogance and rigidity that refused for years to change course when it was clear Iraq was a lost cause are plaguing Jeb's campaign, already. How to acknowledge you're wrong without ever doing so? How to acknowledge you've made a mistake when you're surrounded by people who think their brand of colonial adventurism is, quite literally, handed down by God? You can't. The scars of Iraq are too deep. The pieces still being picked up. The PR strategists behind the Bush family's latest attempt at the White House were counting on the American public to be ignorant of history. But with the ever-present war against ISIS that resulted from a chaos they helped create, it appears Bush's team may have underestimated how deep the wounds they inflicted upon the body politic really are.[plus anyone who call themon wrongs is lamestream press?]</div>omg5/15<div><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://convio.motherjones.com/site/R?i=ajOIrJ6louiZF3sJAimCWw" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1431702984047_46370" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Jeb Bush Adviser Who Should Scare You</a>By David CornLast week, Jeb Bush, the all-but-announced GOP presidential candidate, stirred up a fuss when he privately <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://convio.motherjones.com/site/R?i=2aO0gmYBQdYOMND7uqK0qA" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">told</a> a group of Manhattan financiers that his top adviser on US-Israeli policy is George W. Bush. Given that Jeb has tried mightily to distance himself from his brother, whose administration used false assertions to launch the still highly unpopular Iraq War, this touting of W.—even at a behind-closed-doors session of Republican donors—seemed odd. But perhaps more noteworthy is that Jeb Bush has embraced much of his brother's White House foreign policy team. In February, his campaign <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://convio.motherjones.com/site/R?i=6Ti0CSDOqCsSSfU2AMrWHw" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">released a list</a> of 21 foreign policy advisers; 17 of them served in the George W. Bush administration. And one name stood out: Paul Wolfowitz, a top policy architect of the Iraq War—for the prospect of Wolfowitz whispering into Jeb's ear ought to scare the bejeezus out of anyone who yearns for a rational national security policy. <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://convio.motherjones.com/site/R?i=jbW4zYi1_JuvBlU_3N6Khw" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1431702984047_46369" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[READ MORE]</a></div><div></div>=power of nightmares ladeen fooled by novel; cia told casey it was their own black prop O: To persuade the President, the neoconservatives set out to prove that the Soviet threat was far greater than anyone, even Team B, had previously shown. They would demonstrate that the majority of terrorism and revolutionary movements around the world were actually part of a secret network, coordinated by Moscow, to take over the world. The main proponent of this theory was a leading neoconservative who was the special adviser to the Secretary of State. His name was Michael Ledeen, and he had been influenced by a best-selling book called The Terror Network. It alleged that terrorism was not the fragmented phenomenon that it appeared to be. In reality, all terrorist groups, from the PLO to the Baader-Meinhof group in Germany, and the Provisional IRA, all of them were a part of a coordinated strategy of terror run by the Soviet Union. But the CIA completely disagreed. They said this was just another neoconservative fantasy.MICHAEL LEDEEN , Special Adviser to the US Secretary of State 1981-1982: The CIA denied it. They tried to convince people that we were really crazy. I mean, they never believed that the Soviet Union was a driving force in the international terror network. They always wanted to believe that terrorist organizations were just what they said they were: local groups trying to avenge terrible evils done to them, or trying to rectify terrible social conditions, and things like that. And the CIA really did buy into the rhetoric. I don't know what their motive was. I mean, I don't know what people's motives are, hardly ever. And I don't much worry about motives.VO: But the neoconservatives had a powerful ally. He was William Casey, and he was the new head of the CIA. Casey was sympathetic to the neoconservative view. And when he read the Terror Network book, he was convinced. He called a meeting of the CIA's Soviet analysts at their headquarters, and told them to produce a report for the President that proved this hidden network existed. But the analysts told him that this would be impossible, because much of the information in the book came from black propaganda the CIA themselves had invented to smear the Soviet Union. They knew that the terror network didn't exist, because they themselves had made it up.MELVIN GOODMAN , Head of Soviet Affairs CIA, 1976-87: And when we looked through the book, we found very clear episodes where CIA black propaganda—clandestine information that was designed under a covert action plan to be planted in European newspapers—were picked up and put in this book. A lot of it was made up. It was made up out of whole cloth.INTERVIEWER (off-camera): You told him this?GOODMAN : We told him that, point blank. And we even had the operations people to tell Bill Casey this. I thought maybe this might have an impact, but all of us were dismissed. Casey had made up his mind. He knew the Soviets were involved in terrorism, so there was nothing we could tell him to disabuse him. Lies became reality.VO: In the end, Casey found a university professor who described himself as a terror expert, and he produced a dossier that confirmed that the hidden terror network did, in fact, exist. Under such intense lobbying, Reagan agreed to give the neoconservatives what they wanted, and in 1983 he signed a secret document that fundamentally changed American foreign policy. The country would now fund covert wars to push back the hidden Soviet threat around the world.President RONALD REAGAN : The specter of Marxist-Leninist controlled governments with ideological and political loyalties to the Soviet Union proves that there's a direct challenge to which we must respond. They are the focus of evil in the modern world.VO: It was a triumph for the neoconservatives. America was now setting out to do battle against the forces of evil in the world. But what had started out as the kind of myth that Leo Strauss had said was necessary for the American people increasingly came to be seen as the truth by the neoconservatives. They began to believe their own fiction. They had become what they called "democratic revolutionaries," who were going to use force to change the world.LEDEEN : We were aiming for an expansion of the zone of freedom in the world. And in part that had to do with fighting Communism, and in part that had to do with fighting other kinds of tyrannies. But that's what we were about, and that's what we're still about.INTERVIEWER (off-camera): When you say you were democratic revolutionaries, what do you mean?LEDEEN : It meant that we wanted to support the people who wanted to carry out revolutions against tyrannical regimes in the name of democracy, in order to install a democratic system.INTERVIEWER : As simple as that.LEDEEN : Yeah. It's not nuclear physics, you know. I mean, freedom is a fairly simple thing to get.... View All Three Parts of the BBC Documentary Power of NightmaresEach episode is one hour. Part 3 is the most revealing. A 22-minute summary is also available.For 22 minutes of the best excerpts from this three-hour documentary, <a href="http://personalgrowthcourses.net/video/power_of_nightmares_bbc" target="blank">click here</a>.

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For a full written transcript of each part of Power of Nightmares: <a href="http://www.wanttoknow.info/war/power_of_nightmares_transcript_1" target="blank">Part 1</a>  <a href="http://www.wanttoknow.info/war/power_of_nightmares_transcript_2" target="blank">Part 2</a>  <a href="http://www.wanttoknow.info/war/power_of_nightmares_transcript_3" target="blank">Part 3</a> 

For transcripts, audio and video downloads, and other excellent information on the series, <a href="http://www.dkosopedia.com/index.php/The_Power_of_Nightmares:The_Rise_of_the_Politics_of_Fear" target="blank">click here</a>.

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Another excellent, revealing BBC/Adam Curtis documentary, Century of the Self, delves into the history of mass propaganda and its power to shape public perception.<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Century-Self-2-DVD-Set/dp/B000VA5Z9A?tag=wanttinfo-20" target="blank">Click here</a> to purchase. <a href="http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=century%20of%20the%20self" target="blank">Click here</a> to watch it free. <a id="unconstitutional" name="unconstitutional"> </a>
Unconstitutional by Robert Greenwald---5 neo-cons advise romney on for pol alternet---Kimberly Kagan is founder and president of the <a href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/institute_for_the_study_of_war">Institute for the Study of War</a>. A military historian, Kagan has authored—sometimes in tandem with her husband <a href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/Kagan_Frederick">Frederick Kagan</a>, a fellow at the neoconservative <a href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/American_Enterprise_Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a>—several books, essays, and op-eds that look favorably upon long-term U.S. engagements in the “war on terror,” particularly in Iraq and Afghanistan. According to her ISW biography, she has taught courses at West Point, Yale, Georgetown, and American University, and has served in a civilian advisory capacity to Gens. Stanley McChrystal and David Petraeus in Afghanistan.<a id="ednref1" href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/kagan_kimberly#edn1" name="ednref1" title="">[1]</a>Kagan was an avid backer of the troop “surge” in Iraq (which was formulated in part by her husband) and has fervently criticized the Obama administration for its drawdown of U.S. military forces there.After President Obama announced that U.S. troops would exit the country by the end of 2011, the Kagans co-wrote a series of op-eds lambasting the decision. “The president has enunciated the Obama Doctrine: American retreat,” they wrote in the <a href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/Weekly_Standard">Weekly Standard</a>.<a id="ednref2" href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/kagan_kimberly#edn2" name="ednref2" title="">[2]</a> In the Los Angeles Times, they declared: “The American withdrawal, which comes after the administration's failure to secure a new agreement that would have allowed troops to remain in Iraq, won't be good for ordinary Iraqis or for the region. But it will unquestionably benefit Iran.”<a id="ednref3" href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/kagan_kimberly#edn3" name="ednref3" title="">[3]</a>Kimberly Kagan was also an early and vocal advocate the “surge” strategy in Afghanistan. For a 2009 Veterans’ Day column in the right-wing Washington Examiner, where she is a monthly columnist, Kagan argued explicitly for tailoring the Iraq surge model to Afghanistan. “The quickest path to success is a decisive campaign to defeat the enemy, protect the population, and to partner with the security forces so that they can in time take on the reduced challenge of maintaining order in their country,” she wrote. “That is what [Gen. Stanley] McChyrstal is proposing to try. Our experience in Iraq suggests that it is feasible.”<a id="ednref4" href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/kagan_kimberly#edn4" name="ednref4" title="">[4]</a>Kagan lambasted the Obama administration for its eventual goal of withdrawing from Afghanistan. “Gone is any language about conditions, objectives, goals, American interests, or any of the fundamental principles that Americans have fought so hard to achieve in these wars and throughout our history,” she wrote with her husband. “American strategy is simply to go home.”<a id="ednref5" href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/kagan_kimberly#edn5" name="ednref5" title="">[5]</a>Kagan has also written on U.S. policy in Iran. In February 2008, she coauthored a report published by the American Enterprise Institute that discussed the extent of Iranian influence across the Middle East. "Much as America might desire to avoid war with Iran,” the report warns, “continued Iranian interventions ... might ultimately make that option less repulsive than the alternatives."The report also reflected on the part of the authors an evolution away from “openly beating the war drums,” as journalist Khody Akhavi writes, “toward an attempt to highlight the extent of Iranian influence in the region. The conclusion to be drawn is that, even without the nuclear issue at the forefront, Iran continues to exert a negative impact on U.S. interests.”<a id="ednref6" href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/kagan_kimberly#edn6" name="ednref6" title="">[6]</a>Kagan also published a report in 2007 that concludes that U.S. diplomatic engagement with Iran would be counterproductive, supporting a speech made by then-President Bush alleging that Iran was supporting the arming of “Shia extremists.”<a id="ednref7" href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/kagan_kimberly#edn7" name="ednref7" title="">[7]</a>=
 fabricate gulf2 plamed intel:<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/sunk/2012/08/21/96209788-cebd-11e1-aa14-708bac2c7ee9_print.html"> http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/sunk/2012/08/21/96209788-cebd-11e1-aa14-708bac2c7ee9_print.html</a>
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  <a href="http://janinewedel.info/shadowelite.html">http://janinewedel.info/shadowelite.html</a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiXGcEpI-sI">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiXGcEpI-sI</a>  tedx berlin janine wedell GMU gov't mtg w/ all contractors  xe split so harder to track; c wright mills classic three sep: mil, gov't and corps3/4 of all ppl who do gov;t work are PVT?! mil in afgan? used RS and CTT to crit BO? drivers: pvtization RR, 2) end of cold war   3? ?  4) truthiness is ethos power resides in network (ctt, gov, media) ability to shapeshift? 1st noticed in poland after fall of comm, C&C network/clique had b2 admin jobs, but circumvented constraints by making new ones? created chalabi who mfg misinfo, so the blessed and spread it rubin summers (--> harvard pres flamout --> BO admin; failed upwards) greenspan BC admin  pushed dereg and excluded opponents Flexions: serve own agenda, not nec those of the orgs they are in; also flexnets invest jrnl declines, so no ctr to q: wd the action happen w/o players? 2) branding action? other voices suppresed? 30 who funds? 4) is the border between public-pvt clear?  neocon: no conflict of interest b/c we define the interest" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiXGcEpI-sI =  <img src="/6b90a31d-0fd4-5b57-be85-75cca1234a23.png"/></a></div>Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_M.%22Scoop%22_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry M. " scoop="scoop" jackson="jackson">Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson</a>, influential neoconservative forerunner.</div></div></div><h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Drift away from New Left and Great Society">edit</a>] Drift away from New Left and Great Society</h3>Neoconservatives came to dislike the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a> of the 1960s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_boomers" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby boomers">baby boomers</a>, and what they saw as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">anti-Americanism</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">non-interventionism</a> of the movement against the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]As the policies of the New Left pushed these intellectuals farther to the right, they moved toward a more aggressive <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a>, while becoming disillusioned with President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B.Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> domestic programs. Academics in these circles, many still Democrats, rejected the Democratic Party's foreign policy in the 1970s, especially after the nomination of anti-war candidate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> for president in 1972. The influential 1970 bestseller <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Real_Majority" title="The Real Majority">The Real Majority</a> by future television commentator and neoconservative <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Wattenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Wattenberg">Ben Wattenberg</a> expressed that the "real majority" of the electorate supported economic liberalism but social conservatism, and warned Democrats it could be disastrous to take liberal stances on certain social and crime issues.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-mason-20">[21]</a>Many supported Democratic Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_M.Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson</a>, derisively known as the Senator from Boeing, during his 1972 and 1976 campaigns for president. Among those who worked for Jackson were future neoconservatives <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Paul Wolfowitz</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Feith" class="mw-redirect" title="Doug Feith">Doug Feith</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Perle" title="Richard Perle">Richard Perle</a>. In the late 1970s neoconservative support moved to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and the Republicans, who promised to confront Soviet expansionism.<div style="clear: both;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Michael Lind</a>, a self-described former neoconservative, explained:<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-lind-21">[22]</a><blockquote class="templatequote">Neoconservatism... originated in the 1970s as a movement of anti-Soviet liberals and social democrats in the tradition of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Truman</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B.Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>and Henry ('Scoop') Jackson, many of whom preferred to call themselves 'paleoliberals.' [After the end of the Cold War]... many 'paleoliberals' drifted back to the Democratic center... Today's neocons are a shrunken remnant of the original broad neocon coalition. Nevertheless, the origins of their ideology on the left are still apparent. The fact that most of the younger neocons were never on the left is irrelevant; they are the intellectual (and, in the case of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kristol" class="mw-redirect" title="William Kristol">William Kristol</a> and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Podhoretz" title="John Podhoretz">John Podhoretz</a>, the literal) heirs of older ex-leftists.</blockquote>In his semi-autobiographical book, Neoconservatism: The Autobiography of an Idea, Irving Kristol cited a number of influences on his own thought, including not only Max Shachtman and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Leo Strauss</a> but also the skeptical liberal literary critic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Trilling" title="Lionel Trilling">Lionel Trilling</a>. The influence of Leo Strauss and his disciples on neoconservatism has generated some controversy, with Lind asserting:<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-22">[23]</a><blockquote class="templatequote">For the neoconservatives, religion is an instrument of promoting morality. Religion becomes what Plato called a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_lie" title="Noble lie">noble lie</a>. It is a myth which is told to the majority of the society by the philosophical elite in order to ensure social order... In being a kind of secretive elitist approach, Straussianism does resemble Marxism. These ex-Marxists, or in some cases ex-liberal Straussians, could see themselves as a kind of Leninist group, you know, who have this covert vision which they want to use to effect change in history, while concealing parts of it from people incapable of understanding it.</blockquote>William Kristol defends his father by noting that the criticism of an instrumental view of politics misses the point. When the context is a discussion of religion in the public sphere in a secular nation, religion is inevitably dealt with instrumentally. Apart from that, it should be born in mind that the majority of neoconservatives believe in the truth, as well as the utility, of religion.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-23">[24]</a><h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1980s">edit</a>] 1980s</h3>As the 1980s wore on, younger second-generation neoconservatives, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Abrams" title="Elliott Abrams">Elliott Abrams</a>, pushed for a clear policy of supporting democracy against both left and right wing dictators, who were at that time increasingly engaged in human rights abuses worldwide.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This debate led to a policy shift in 1986, when the Reagan administration (after initially dithering and then with Paul Wolfowitz's demands that he be let go) the administration urged urged <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> dictator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> to step down amid turmoil over a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigged_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigged election">rigged election</a>. Abrams also supported the 1988 Chilean plebiscite that resulted in the restoration of democratic rule and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>'s eventual removal from office.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Through the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Endowment_for_Democracy" title="National Endowment for Democracy">National Endowment for Democracy</a>, led by another neoconservative, Carl Gershman,[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] funds were directed to the anti-Pinochet opposition in order to ensure a fair election.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]The election of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> as Prime Minister in the United Kingdom brought new impetus to neoconservative ideas, with Thatcher representing the triumph of neoconservatism over the 'socialist' ideals of the European post-war consensus, built around union representation and the Welfare State (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_neoconservatism" title="British neoconservatism">British Neoconservatism</a>). She also had a very neoconservative foreign policy – favouring strong actions and favouring democracy – she dispatched a fleet and overthrew Gen. Galtieri in Argentina[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] when he <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">invaded the Falkland islands</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-24">[25]</a> she was in support not just of rolling back <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">aggression against Kuwait</a> but of going on to Baghdad and having done with his hideous regime in 1991 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-25">[26]</a> (the origins of the neoconservative argument over Iraq - that our[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">who?</a>] action was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Invasion of Iraq">too late in 2003</a>, not to rushed - they definitely supported the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_uprisings_in_Iraq" title="1991 uprisings in Iraq">Shi'ite & Kurdish rebellions in 1991</a> but people like Paul Wolfowitz were arguing of the dangers posed by a totalitarian and expansionist Iraq as early as 1978 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-26">[27]</a>) and she was also in favour of the humanitarian intervention that rescued Bosnia and was calling for it in 1992.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-27">[28]</a> She also had a strong sense of getting people away from welfare dependency, which forms a central basis of neoconservative thinking on domestic policy.<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1990s">edit</a>] 1990s</h3>During the 1990s, neoconservatives were once again in the opposition side of the foreign policy establishment, both under the Republican Administration of President<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and that of his Democratic successor, President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>. Many critics charged that the neoconservatives lost their <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/raison_d%27%C3%AAtre" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:raison d'être">raison d'être</a> and influence following the collapse of the Soviet Union.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-28">[29]</a>Neoconservative writers were critical of the post-Cold War foreign policy of both George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton, which they criticized for reducing military expenditures and lacking a sense of idealism in the promotion of American interests. They accused these Administrations of lacking both <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_clarity" title="Moral clarity">moral clarity</a> and the conviction to pursue unilaterally America's international strategic interests.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-29">[30]</a>The movement was galvanized by the decision of George H. W. Bush and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> to leave <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> in power after the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1991. Some neoconservatives viewed this policy, and the decision not to support indigenous dissident groups such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurds" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiites" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiites">Shiites</a> in their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_uprisings_in_Iraq" title="1991 uprisings in Iraq">1991-1992 resistance</a> to Hussein, as a betrayal of democratic principles.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]Ironically, some of those same targets of criticism would later become fierce advocates of neoconservative policies. In 1992, referring to the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a> and future <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> Dick Cheney, said:<blockquote class="templatequote">I would guess if we had gone in there, I would still have forces in Baghdad today. We'd be running the country. We would not have been able to get everybody out and bring everybody home....And the question in my mind is how many additional American casualties is Saddam [Hussein] worth? And the answer is not that damned many. So, I think we got it right, both when we decided to expel him from Kuwait, but also when the president made the decision that we'd achieved our objectives and we were not going to go get bogged down in the problems of trying to take over and govern Iraq.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-30">[31]</a></blockquote>Within a few years of the Gulf War in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, many neoconservatives were pushing to oust Saddam Hussein. On February 19, 1998, an open letter to President Clinton appeared, signed by dozens of pundits, many identified with neoconservatism and, later, related groups such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNAC" class="mw-redirect" title="PNAC">PNAC</a>, urging decisive action to remove Saddam from power.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-31">[32]</a>Neoconservatives were also members of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue team">blue team</a>, which argued for a confrontational policy toward the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> and strong military and diplomatic support for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China" title="Republic of China">Taiwan</a>.In the late 1990s Irving Kristol and other writers in neoconservative magazines began touting anti-Darwinist views, in support of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">intelligent design</a>. Since these neoconservatives were largely of secular backgrounds, a few commentators have speculated that this – along with support for religion generally – may have been a case of a "noble lie", intended to protect public morality, or even <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_politics" title="Tactical politics">tactical politics</a>, to attract religious supporters.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-32">[33]</a><h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2000s">edit</a>] 2000s</h3><h4>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administration of George W. Bush">edit</a>] Administration of George W. Bush</h4><table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Neoconservatism" title="Search Wikinews"><img src="/1404678a-4838-5e4e-8532-8fb80a078eab.png"/></a></td><td class="mbox-text">Wikinews has related news: <a href="http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_editor_Craig_Unger_on_the_Bush_family_feud,neoconservatives_and_the_Christian_right" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Vanity Fair editor Craig Unger on the Bush family feud, neoconservatives and the Christian right">Vanity Fair editor Craig Unger on the Bush family feud, neoconservatives and the Christian right</a></td></tr></tbody></table>The Bush campaign and the early Bush Administration did not exhibit strong support for neoconservative principles. As a candidate Bush argued for a restrained foreign policy, stating his opposition to the idea of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">nation-building</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-33">[34]</a> and an early foreign policy confrontation with China was handled without the vociferousness suggested by some neoconservatives.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-34">[35]</a> Also early in the Administration, some neoconservatives criticized Bush's Administration as insufficiently supportive of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and suggested Bush's foreign policies were not substantially different from those of President Clinton.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-35">[36]</a>Bush's policies changed dramatically immediately after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11,2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 attacks">September 11, 2001 attacks</a>. According to columnist Gerard Baker,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-36">[37]</a><blockquote class="templatequote">It took, improbably, the arrival of George Bush in the White House and September 11, 2001, to catapult [neoconservatism] into the public consciousness. When Mr Bush cited its most simplified tenet – that the US should seek to promote liberal democracy around the world – as a key case for invading Iraq, neoconservatism was suddenly everywhere. It was, to its many critics, a unified ideology that justified military adventurism, sanctioned torture and promoted aggressive Zionism.</blockquote>Bush laid out his vision of the future in his State of the Union speech in January 2002, following the September 11, 2001 attacks. The speech, written by (now) neoconservative <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">David Frum</a>, named Iraq, Iran and North Korea as states that "constitute an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">axis of evil</a>" and "pose a grave and growing danger." Bush suggested the possibility of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preemptive_war" title="Preemptive war">preemptive war</a>: "I will not wait on events, while dangers gather. I will not stand by, as peril draws closer and closer. The United States of America will not permit the world's most dangerous regimes to threaten us with the world's most destructive weapons."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-37">[38]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-38">[</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-38">39]</a>Some prominent defense and national security personalities have been quite critical of what they believed was Neoconservative influence in getting the United States to war with Iraq. Retired <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Eldridge_Odom" title="William Eldridge Odom">General William Odom</a>, who had once served as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA">NSA</a> Chief under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, was openly critical of Neoconservative influence in the decision to go to war, having said "It's pretty hard to imagine us going into Iraq without the strong lobbying efforts from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="AIPAC">AIPAC</a> and the neocons, who think they know what's good for Israel more than Israel knows."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-39">[40]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> Republican U.S. Senator Chuck Hagel, who has been critical of the Bush Administration's adoption of neoconservative ideology in his book America: Our Next Chapter, writes, "So why did we invade Iraq? I believe it was the triumph of the so-called neo-conservative ideology, as well as Bush administration arrogance and incompetence that took America into this war of choice ... They obviously made a convincing case to a president with very limited national security and foreign policy experience, who keenly felt the burden of leading the nation in the wake of the deadliest terrorist attack ever on American soil."<h5>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bush Doctrine">edit</a>] Bush Doctrine</h5>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a> of preventive war was explicitly stated in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a> text "National Security Strategy of the United States", published September 20, 2002. "We must deter and defend against the threat before it is unleashed... even if uncertainty remains as to the time and place of the enemy's attack... The United States will, if necessary, act preemptively."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-NSC-40">[41]</a> Policy analysts noted that the Bush Doctrine as stated in the 2002 NSC document bore a strong resemblance to recommendations originally presented in a controversial Defense Planning Guidance draft written in 1992 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Paul Wolfowitz</a> under the first Bush administration.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-41">[42]</a>The Bush Doctrine was greeted with accolades by many neoconservatives. When asked whether he agreed with the Bush Doctrine, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Boot" title="Max Boot">Max Boot</a> said he did, and that "I think [Bush is] exactly right to say we can't sit back and wait for the next terrorist strike on Manhattan. We have to go out and stop the terrorists overseas. We have to play the role of the global policeman... But I also argue that we ought to go further."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-42">[43]</a> Discussing the significance of the Bush Doctrine, neoconservative writer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kristol" class="mw-redirect" title="William Kristol">William Kristol</a>claimed: "The world is a mess. And, I think, it's very much to Bush's credit that he's gotten serious about dealing with it... The danger is not that we're going to do too much. The danger is that we're going to do too little."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-43">[44]</a><h4>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2008 Presidential election and aftermath">edit</a>] 2008 Presidential election and aftermath</h4><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="image"><img src="/f45eb954-0ae8-5927-a62a-efd09ed7a8e9.png"/></a></td><td class="mbox-text">This section requires <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit" rel="nofollow" class="external text">expansion</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, who was the Republican candidate for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Presidential_election,2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Presidential election, 2008">2008 United States Presidential election</a>, supported continuing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, "the issue that is most clearly identified with the neoconservatives." The New York Times further reports that his foreign policy views combine elements of neoconservative and the main competing view in conservative circles, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_realism" title="Political realism">pragmatism</a>, also called realism:<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-44">[45]</a><blockquote class="templatequote">Among [McCain's advisors] are several prominent neoconservatives, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kagan" title="Robert Kagan">Robert Kagan</a>... <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Boot" title="Max Boot">Max Boot</a>... <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R.Bolton" title="John R. Bolton">John R. Bolton</a>... [and] <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Scheunemann" title="Randy Scheunemann">Randy Scheunemann</a>."It may be too strong a term to say a fight is going on over John McCain's soul", said <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Eagleburger" title="Lawrence Eagleburger">Lawrence Eagleburger</a>... who is a member of the pragmatist camp... [but he] said, "there is no question that a lot of my far right friends have now decided that since you can’t beat him, let's persuade him to slide over as best we can on these critical issues."Mr. McCain, who is aware of the concerns, told reporters on his campaign plane early this week that he took foreign policy advice from a wide variety of people... Mr. McCain has always promoted his reputation for departing from ideological orthodoxy in both foreign and domestic policy... he talks to realists like... <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry A. Kissinger</a> and... <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_P.Shultz" title="George P. Shultz">George P. Shultz</a>.</blockquote>Following the election, Jonathan Clarke, a senior fellow at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Council_for_Ethics_in_International_Affairs" title="Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs">Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs</a>, expressed the view that:<blockquote class="templatequote">"[i]n many ways, the 2008 election represented a direct repudiation of the neocon style of foreign policy based on military-centred, unilateralist overreaching. At first sight, the incoming Obama administration appears to be the polar opposite of neoconservatism. Its instincts are multilateralist, being committed, for example, to adhering to the Kyoto Protocol and to international agreements like the Geneva Convention. It places a high priority on diplomacy, with President-elect Obama being open to direct talks with long-ignored countries like Iran and Cuba. Defense Secretary Gates, who is remaining in office, has made it clear that he regards military intervention as the genuinely last option. Furthermore, the financial meltdown and the drains of the Iraq and Afghan wars have chipped away at the pre-eminence of US power. It is difficult to argue today that the US enjoys a unipolar advantage. The safest bet, therefore, is that we can bid adieu to the neocons and leave their role to be adjudicated by history. They themselves argue that they form part of the mainstream of American history. It seems more likely that they will come to be seen as an aberration."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-45">[46]</a></blockquote><h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Evolution of views">edit</a>] Evolution of views</h2> ...<h3>Institutions</h3><ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committee" title="American Israel Public Affairs Committee">American Israel Public Affairs Committee</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">Ethics and Public Policy Center</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_for_Defense_of_Democracies" title="Foundation for Defense of Democracies">Foundation for Defense of Democracies</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Jackson_Society" title="Henry Jackson Society">Henry Jackson Society</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Institute_for_National_Security_Affairs" title="Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs">Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a></li></ul><h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoconservatism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Publications">edit</a>] Publications</h3><ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commentary%28magazine%29" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_Page_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Page Magazine">Front Page Magazine</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Public_Interest" title="The Public Interest">The Public Interest</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a></li></ul> <h3>=</h3> <div class="iT"><h2><a href="http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=a1985neoconschalabi#a1985neoconschalabi" title="View in context">1985: Neoconservatives Meet Iraqi Exile Chalabi</a></h2><div class="eLB"><a href="http://www.historycommons.org/eventedit.jsp?oid=1626004942-51301" title="Edit event"><img src="/5d375eda-2a84-5a69-b791-c5c090b675b0.png"/></a>  </div></div>Eminent academic, foreign policy analyst, and neoconservative Albert Wohlstetter (see <a href="http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=paul_wolfowitz#a0965wohlstetterrand">1965</a>) introduces his proteges Richard Perle and Paul Wolfowitz to Iraqi exile Ahmed Chalabi (see <a href="http://www.historycommons.org/item.jsp?item=complete_timeline_of_the_2003_invasion_of_iraq_3200">1992-1996</a>), who is already plotting to overthrow Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. Wolfowitz and Perle will become key players in the run-up to the US’s 2003 invasion of Iraq (see <a href="http://www.historycommons.org/item.jsp?item=alate120101neocontransitions">Late December 2000 and Early January 2001</a>). <cite>[<a target="blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/978-0743280754/centerforcoop-20">The Fall of the House of Bush: The Untold Story of How a Band of True Believers Seized the Executive Branch, Started the Iraq War, and Still Imperils America\'s Future (New York City: Scribner, 2007)., 44.')">Unger, 2007, pp. 44</a>]</cite><cite>
</cite><cite>=</cite><div>=</div><div><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://mapper.nndb.com/maps/712/000001709/">http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://mapper.nndb.com/maps/712/000001709/</a></div><div>
</div><div>NeoCon: University of Chicago, PNAC, CFR, & Hudson Institute<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left">CONTRIBUTED MAP

<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td class="key" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"> AUTHOR:</td><td class="value" style="vertical-align: middle;">Anonymous</td></tr><tr><td class="key" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"> CREATED:</td><td class="value" style="vertical-align: middle;">20-Jun-2008</td></tr><tr><td class="key" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"> TAGS:</td><td class="value" style="vertical-align: middle;">neocon newtwork chicago pnac cfr hudson institute</td></tr><tr><td class="key" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"> CATEGORY:</td><td class="value" style="vertical-align: middle;">Government, Organizations</td></tr></tbody></table><tt>NeoCon Newtwork: U of Chicago, PNAC, CFR, & Hudson Institute</tt>    PEOPLE
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/326/000024254/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Elliott Abrams</a> Asst. Secy. of State involved in Iran-Contra
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/416/000045281/" target="blank">Lewis Libby</a> Cheney's former Chief of Staff
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/880/000129493/" target="blank">Vin Weber</a> Congressman from Minnesota, 1981-93
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/426/000048282/" target="blank">John Podhoretz</a> Conservative columnist
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/598/000022532/" target="blank">Dick Cheney</a> Dubya's VP, ex-CEO of Halliburton
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/401/000048257/" target="blank">Bill Kristol</a> Editor of The Weekly Standard
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/046/000164551/" target="blank">George Weigel</a> Ethics and Public Policy Center
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/932/000031839/" target="blank">Gary Bauer</a> Family Research Council
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/201/000023132/" target="blank">Robert Bork</a> Fired Archibald Cox, later got himself borked
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/493/000022427/" target="blank">William Bennett</a> Former Drug Czar and gambling man
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/646/000022580/" target="blank">Jeb Bush</a> Governor of Florida, 1999-2007
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/376/000052220/" target="blank">Midge Decter</a> Neoconservative maven
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/452/000024380/" target="blank">Steve Forbes</a> Owner and publisher of Forbes magazine
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/423/000048279/" target="blank">Leo Strauss</a> Patron saint of Neoconservatism
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/870/000048726/" target="blank">Frank Gaffney</a> Prominent neocon
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/402/000048258/" target="blank">Norman Podhoretz</a> Prominent neocon author
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/427/000129040/" target="blank">Eliot A. Cohen</a> Prominent neoconservative
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/920/000116572/" target="blank">Francis Fukuyama</a> The End of History and the Last Man
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/937/000159460/" target="blank">Donald Kagan</a> The Great Dialogue
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/327/000049180/" target="blank">John Yoo</a> Thinks Geneva Conventions are obsolete
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/059/000120696/" target="blank">Zalmay Khalilzad</a> US Ambassador to the UN
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/634/000023565/" target="blank">Donald Rumsfeld</a> US Secretary of Defense, 2001-06
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/906/000024834/" target="blank">Clarence Thomas</a> US Supreme Court Justice
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/273/000044141/" target="blank">Viet Dinh</a> USA PATRIOT Act mastermind
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/781/000024709/" target="blank">Dan Quayle</a> Vice President under George H.W. Bush
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/290/000023221/" target="blank">Paul Wolfowitz</a> World Bank president, 2005-07

    
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/031/000010001/" target="blank" />

    ORGANIZATION
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/org/339/000048195/" target="blank">American Enterprise Institute</a> 
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/org/514/000042388/" target="blank">Bilderberg Group</a> 
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/org/505/000042379/" target="blank">Council on Foreign Relations</a> 
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/org/689/000051536/" target="blank">Hudson Institute</a> 
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/org/207/000134802/" target="blank">Pilgrims Society</a> 
    <a href="http://www.nndb.com/org/821/000043692/" target="_blank">Project for the New American Century</a> 
<div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><cite>==</cite></div></div>