Ripon Society

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</div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The&nbsp;<b>Ripon Society</b>&nbsp;is an American&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrist" title="Centrist" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">centrist</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" title="United States Republican Party" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Republican</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">think tank</a>&nbsp;based in&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,D.C." title="Washington, D.C." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Washington, D.C.</a>&nbsp;It produces&nbsp;<i>The Ripon Forum</i>, the U.S.'s longest running Republican thought and opinion journal,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup>&nbsp;as well as&nbsp;<i>The Ripon Advance,</i>&nbsp;a daily news publication.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Ripon Society was the first major Republican organization to support passage of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Civil Rights Act</a>&nbsp;in the 1960s. In the early 1970s, it called for the normalization of relations with<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">China</a>, and the abolition of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_draft" title="Military draft" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">military draft</a>.</p>
<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; font-size: 13px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>&nbsp;<span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 13px;">&nbsp;[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">History</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Founding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Founding</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Emil_Frankel_and_the_Bow_Group" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Emil Frankel and the Bow Group</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#A_Call_to_History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">A Call to History</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#The_Ripon_Papers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">The Ripon Papers</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Dr.John_Saloma.2C_Founding_President" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Dr. John Saloma, Founding President</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Former_leaders" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Former leaders</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#1964_Presidential_Campaign" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">1964 Presidential Campaign</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Summary_of_major_historical_events" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Summary of major historical events</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Republican_of_the_Year_Award" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Republican of the Year Award</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Programs" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Programs</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Lecture_series" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Lecture series</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Breakfast_series" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Breakfast series</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Rough_Rider_awards" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Rough Rider awards</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Congressional_Advisory_Board" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Congressional Advisory Board</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#Historical_Bibliography" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Historical Bibliography</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#1960-1969" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">1960-1969</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#1970-1979" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">1970-1979</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#1980-1989" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">1980-1989</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#1990-1999" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">1990-1999</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#2000-2009" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">2000-2009</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#2010-" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">2010-</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Founding"><span class="mw-headline" id="Emil_Frankel_and_the_Bow_Group" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;">
Emil Frankel and the Bow Group</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emil Frankel and the Bow Group" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span>Founding</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Emil Frankel was a Harvard law student in the early 1960s. He had studied in England on a Fulbright scholarship. While in England, he met members of a group called the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_Group" title="Bow Group" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bow Group</a>. The Bow Group founders had been "dissatisfied with the Conservative Party’s image as ‘the Stupid Party’." The Bow Group impressed Frankel, particularly regarding the level of detail that its members would study public policy problems and the proactive way its members became experts on policy topics.<sup id="cite_ref-Downfall_11-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Downfall-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. John S. Saloma III was a professor at&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>. Like Frankel, Saloma had studied in England on a Fulbright scholarship. Both Frankel and Saloma became editors at Advance magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-Downfall_11-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Downfall-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In December 1962, Frankel and Saloma "circulated a confidential 'Proposal for an American Bow Group'".<sup id="cite_ref-Downfall_11-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Downfall-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup>Saloma and Frankel held a meeting on December 12, 1962, in&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard College</a>. The meeting would become the first meeting of the group that eventually became known as the Ripon Society.<sup id="cite_ref-Downfall_11-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Downfall-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup>&nbsp;The name is a reference to&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon,Wisconsin" title="Ripon, Wisconsin" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ripon, Wisconsin</a>, the birthplace of the Republican Party.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">One of the main goals of the Ripon Society is to promote ideas and principles that have contributed to the GOP's past success. These ideas include keeping the nation secure, keeping taxes low and having a federal government that is not just smaller, but smarter and more accountable to the people.</p><h4 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="A_Call_to_History">A Call to History</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: A Call to History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h4><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On November 22, 1963, a group of Ripon Society members were having lunch in a dining hall at&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard University</a>. During lunch, they were planning a trip to campaign for<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nelson Rockefeller</a>, who was at that time the Republican governor of New York. Near the end of their lunch meeting, the members got word that President&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John F. Kennedy</a>&nbsp;had been shot.<sup id="cite_ref-Downfall_11-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Downfall-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Political historian and author Geoffrey Kabaservice writes, "Although they (the Ripon Society members) were Republicans, JFK had been their political inspiration. When the news confirmed that Kennedy had been killed, they were caught between grief for their fallen hero and fear of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" title="Lyndon Johnson" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lyndon Johnson</a>, who succeeded to the presidency".<sup id="cite_ref-Downfall_11-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Downfall-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Ripon members wrote a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">manifesto</a>&nbsp;over the weeks following President Kennedy’s death. The manifesto was called "A Call to Excellence in Leadership: An Open Letter to the New Generation of Republicans". Newspapers around the U.S. published the manifesto. The&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New York Herald Tribune</a>&nbsp;even published the manifesto in full.<sup id="cite_ref-Downfall_11-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Downfall-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></p><h4 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Ripon_Papers">The Ripon Papers</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Ripon Papers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h4><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Ripon Society wrote its first public statement in the weeks that followed President Kennedy's assassination and published the statement on January 6, 1964:<sup id="cite_ref-papers_12-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-papers-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup></p><blockquote style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">“While we yet sorrow, so must we seize this moment before our thoughts slip away to be lost in the noise of ‘life as usual.’ It is in this context that we have chosen to speak. We speak as a group of young Republicans to that generation which must bear the responsibility for guiding our party and our country over the coming decades. We speak for a point of view in the Republican Party that has too long been silent.</p></blockquote><blockquote style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">"We believe that the future of our party lies not in extremism, but in moderation. The moderate course offers the Republican Party the best chance to build a durable majority position in American politics. This is the direction the party must take if it is to win the confidence of the “new Americans” who are not at home in the politics of another generation: the new middle classes of the suburbs of the North and West – who have left the Democratic cities but have not yet found a home in the Republican party; the young college graduates and professional men and women of our great university centers – more concerned with “opportunity” than “security”, the moderate of the new South – who represent the hope for peaceful racial adjustment and who are insulted by a racist appeal more fitting another generation. These and others like them hold the key to the future of our politics.</p></blockquote><blockquote style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">"We believe that the Republican Party should accept the challenge to fight for the middle ground of American politics. The party that will not acknowledge this political fact of life and courageously enter the contest for power does not merit and cannot possibly win the majority support of the American people.”<sup id="cite_ref-papers_12-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-papers-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup></p></blockquote><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Dr.John_Saloma.2C_Founding_President">Dr. John Saloma, Founding President</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dr. John Saloma, Founding President" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Founding President of the society was Dr. John S. Saloma III. He served as President from 1963 until 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Saloma_13-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Saloma-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup>In 1962, Dr. Saloma founded the American Bow Group, a society of university intellectuals. In 1963, the American Bow Group became the Ripon Society.<sup id="cite_ref-Saloma_13-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Saloma-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Saloma attended&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT" title="MIT" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">MIT</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">London School of Economics</a>. He received his doctorate from&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard University</a>. In his career, Dr. Saloma:<sup id="cite_ref-Saloma_13-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Saloma-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup>&nbsp;He died on July 6, 1983 in San Francisco, California.<sup id="cite_ref-Saloma_13-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-Saloma-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other founding members include Tom Petri,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a></sup>&nbsp;a U.S. congressman, and Lee Huebner.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a></sup></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Former_leaders">Former leaders</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Former leaders" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><ul style="line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Auspitz, Josiah Lee&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Frenzel" title="Bill Frenzel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Frenzel, Bill</a>. Chairman Emeritus. Former U.S. Congressman.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[18]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Dubke, Michael&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[19]</a></sup></span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gerstell, Glenn S.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[20]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gillette, Howard F. National president from 1971-1972.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[21]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Huebner, Lee. Co-founder and former president. Former special assistant to President Nixon.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[22]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Kellogg, Frederick R.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[23]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Leach" title="Jim Leach" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Leach, Jim</a>. U.S. Congressman from Iowa.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[24]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Petri" title="Tom Petri" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Petri, Tom</a>. U.S. Congressman from Wisconsin. Co-founder.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-:0-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[25]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Saloma III, Dr. John S. Founding President.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[26]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Plympton_Smith" title="Peter Plympton Smith" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Smith, Peter</a>, U.S. Congressman from Vermont.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[27]</a></sup></li></ul><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="1964_Presidential_Campaign">1964 Presidential Campaign</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1964 Presidential Campaign" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 1964, conservative activists within the Republican Party nominated Barry Goldwater for president. The Ripon Society argued against Goldwater", writing:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-:0-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[25]</a></sup></p><blockquote style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">"We believe that the future of our party lies not in extremism, but in moderation. The moderate course offers the Republican Party the best chance to build a durable majority position in American politics. This is the direction the party must take if it is to win the confidence of the ‘new Americans’ who are not at home in the politics of another generation: the new middle classes of the suburbs of the North and West — who have left the Democratic cities but have not yet found a home in the Republican party; the young college graduates and professional men and women of our great university centers — more concerned with ‘opportunity’ than ‘security’; the moderates of the new South — who represent the hope for peaceful racial adjustment and who are insulted by a racist appeal more fitting another generation. These and others like them hold the key to the future of our politics.”</p></blockquote><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Summary_of_major_historical_events">Summary of major historical events</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Summary of major historical events" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><table border="1" class="wikitable" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 1em 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-collapse: collapse; color: black; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><caption style="font-weight: bold;">The Ripon Society has played a role in major political and policy events in America since the 1960s</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" width="10%" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Year</th><th scope="col" width="20%" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Event or Issue</th><th scope="col" width="25%" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Image</th><th scope="col" width="45%" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Details</th></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1966</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_draft" title="Military draft" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Military draft</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><div class="center" style="width: 164px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
</div></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">In 1966, the society publicly announced its support of stopping the U.S. military draft at the conclusion of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Vietnam War</a>. The society published a 10,000 word essay on its ideas for ending the draft. Ideas included increasing military salaries, paying volunteers higher salaries than draftees, and getting rid of “irrelevant induction standards to increase the flow of volunteers.”<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[28]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1970</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">Changes to GOP's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_strategy" title="Southern strategy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Southern Strategy</a>"</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><div class="center" style="width: 164px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:American_south_animated_map.gif" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background: none;"><img alt="American south animated map.gif" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/American_south_animated_map.gif/150px-American_south_animated_map.gif" width="150" height="97" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/American_south_animated_map.gif/225px-American_south_animated_map.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/American_south_animated_map.gif/300px-American_south_animated_map.gif 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="365" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></div></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">During President Nixon's first term, the Ripon Society publicly asked Nixon to change the Republican Party's political tactics by getting rid of what was known as the "southern strategy." The Society arrived at this position because&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">George Wallace</a>&nbsp;had won the vote in Alabama, and the Society believed that Wallace's victory "killed it [the southern strategy] as a national tactic," the&nbsp;<i>Kentucky New Era</i>&nbsp;wrote in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[29]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1970</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">Senatorial rating system</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><div class="center" style="width: 164px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
</div></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">In 1970, the Society created its first system to rate Members of Congress' voting records. The system rated the votes of U.S. Senators on key issues. The Society said that the goal of the rating system was to help people distinguish between liberal and conservative politicians. In that first year of rating, two senators received a near-perfect rating record: Senator<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Goodell" title="Charles Goodell" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Charles A. Goodell</a>&nbsp;(R-NY) and Senator&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John Sherman Cooper</a>&nbsp;(R-KY). The rating system was based on 29 specific roll call votes in the U.S. Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-30" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[30]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1971</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">Interior Secretary Hickel "Man of the Year"</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><div class="center" style="width: 164px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
</div></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">In November 1970, President Nixon fired his Secretary of the Interior,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_J.Hickel" title="Walter J. Hickel" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Walter J. Hickel</a>. In April 1971, the Ripon Society gave Hickel the Ripon Society Man of the Year award. The Society made its decision by looking at the results of a poll it had taken of the readers of its magazine,&nbsp;<i>The Ripon Forum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[31]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1972</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Romney(politician)" title="George Romney (politician)" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">George Romney</a>, Republican of the Year</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><div class="center" style="width: 164px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
</div></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">In 1972, the Ripon Society awarded George Romney the Ripon Society "Republican of the Year" award. George Romney is&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Mitt Romney</a>'s father. At that time, George Romney served in as&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="Secretary of Housing and Urban Development" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a>.The Society used a number of criteria when selecting Romney. For example, the Society supported Romney's work in the areas of "new housing, metropolitan planning, and federal revenue sharing with state and local governments," according to the&nbsp;<i>Rome News-Tribune</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[32]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1976</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_presidential_election" title="1976 presidential election" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">President Ford's reelection</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><div class="center" style="width: 164px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
</div></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">In 1976, the Society publicly denounced the idea of President&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Gerald Ford</a>&nbsp;picking&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John Connally</a>&nbsp;as Ford's running mate in the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_presidential_election" title="1976 presidential election" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1976 presidential election</a>. "[He] might as well just nominate&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Mary_Woods" title="Rose Mary Woods" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Rose Mary Woods</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-33" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[33]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1981</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">Nuclear sanctions</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><div class="center" style="width: 164px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
</div></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">In 1981, the Ripon Society voiced public support for sanctions on nuclear-exporting countries. The society asked President Reagan to sanction any nation that sold&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons-grade_plutonium" title="Weapons-grade plutonium" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">weapons-grade</a>&nbsp;nuclear materials or facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-34" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[34]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1984</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">Republican party direction</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><div class="center" style="width: 164px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
</div></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">In 1984, Congressman&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Leach" title="Jim Leach" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Jim Leach</a>, who served as head of the Ripon Society at the time, held a notable press conference on Capitol Hill. At the press conference, Leach said that the Republican Party had been the first party to endorse the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Equal Rights Amendment</a>; that the party was founded on the “Lincolnian notion that rights, to be valid, must be color-blind”; and that the party had historically been supportive of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">separation of church and state</a>. As the<i>Milwaukee Journal</i>&nbsp;characterized it, “Leach…had some rough words for the GOP.”<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-35" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1985</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H. W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">George H.W. Bush</a>, Republican of the Year</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><div class="center" style="width: 164px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
</div></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">In July 1985, the society awarded its Republican of the Year award to then-Vice President&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H.W. Bush" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">George H.W. Bush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_36-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-:9-36" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[36]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Republican_of_the_Year_Award">Republican of the Year Award</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Republican of the Year Award" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In addition to George H.W. Bush, other Republican of the Year recipients have included former Senator<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bob Dole</a>&nbsp;and former Senator&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_H.Baker,Jr." title="Howard H. Baker, Jr." class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Howard H. Baker, Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-37" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[37]</a></sup></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Programs">Programs</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Programs" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Lecture_series">Lecture series</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lecture series" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Ripon Society hosts a series of lectures known as their "Policy & Politics Dialogue Series", which in 2011 has consisted of over 40 idea-based forums. Speakers have included: Speaker of the House John Boehner, Representatives&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Kevin Brady</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Walden" title="Greg Walden" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Greg Walden</a>, Senators&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Rob Portman</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John McCain</a>, former Secretary of Defense</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Donald Rumsfeld</a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Republican National Committee</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Chairman&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Reince Priebus</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Breakfast_series">Breakfast series</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Breakfast series" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Ripon Society hosts breakfast forums that feature members of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-38" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[38]</a></sup>&nbsp;For example, the breakfast forums have hosted the Republican Women’s Policy Committee,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-39" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[39]</a></sup>&nbsp;National Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-40" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[40]</a></sup>&nbsp;and House&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ways_and_Means_Committee" title="Ways and Means Committee" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ways and Means Committee</a>&nbsp;members.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[41]</a></sup></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Rough_Rider_awards">Rough Rider awards</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rough Rider awards" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Between 1999 and 2004, the society gave what was known as the Rough Rider Awards to recognize public officeholders who have "'stood in the arena, and pushed for innovative policy solutions on a range of issues." Notable recipients included former House Speaker&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Hastert" title="Dennis Hastert" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Dennis Hastert</a>, former Wisconsin Governor and Secretary of Health and Human Services&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Tommy Thompson</a>, future House Speaker&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">John Boehner</a>, and White House Chief of Staff&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_H.Card" title="Andrew H. Card" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Andrew H. Card</a>.</span><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-42" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">[</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#cite_note-42" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">42]</a></sup></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Congressional_Advisory_Board">Congressional Advisory Board</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon_Society&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Congressional Advisory Board" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="font-size: 12px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: 673px; margin: auto; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 1px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); border-spacing: 0px; background: rgb(253, 253, 253);"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" id="collapsibleTable0" style="font-size: 12px; width: 669px; border-spacing: 0px; background: transparent;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background: rgb(204, 204, 255);"><span class="collapseButton" style="float: right; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 6em;">[<a id="collapseButton0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society#" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">hide</a>]</span><span style="float: left; width: 6em;">&nbsp;</span><div style="font-size: 14px;">Ripon Society Congressional Advisory Board</div></th></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(221, 221, 255);">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 578px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="font-size: 12px; width: 578px; border-spacing: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">Kansas</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 476px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Roberts" title="Pat Roberts" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Pat Roberts</a>, Senate Chairman</b></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">Missouri</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 476px; padding: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Roy Blunt</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">Maine</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 476px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_M.Collins" title="Susan M. Collins" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Susan M. Collins</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">North Carolina</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 476px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burr" title="Richard Burr" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Richard Burr</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">Utah</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 476px; padding: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orrin_G.Hatch" title="Orrin G. Hatch" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Orrin G. Hatch</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(221, 221, 255);">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 578px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="font-size: 12px; width: 578px; border-spacing: 0px; background: rgb(253, 253, 253);"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">Midwest</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 509px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="font-size: 12px; width: 509px; border-spacing: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">IL</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 469px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Kinzinger" title="Adam Kinzinger" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Adam Kinzinger</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Schock" title="Aaron Schock" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Aaron Schock</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Shimkus" title="John Shimkus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">John Shimkus</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Roskam" title="Peter Roskam" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Peter Roskam</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">KS</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 469px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Jenkins" title="Lynn Jenkins" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Lynn Jenkins</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">MI</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 469px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Dave Camp</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candice_Miller" title="Candice Miller" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Candice Miller</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;"><font color="#ff0000">Fred Upton</font></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">MN</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 469px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Paulsen" title="Erik Paulsen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Erik Paulsen</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">MO</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 469px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Graves" title="Sam Graves" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Sam Graves</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">NE</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 469px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Terry" title="Lee Terry" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Lee Terry</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">OH</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 469px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Joyce(politician)" title="David Joyce (politician)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">David Joyce</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Tiberi" title="Pat Tiberi" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Pat Tiberi</a>, House Co-Chairman</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Turner" title="Mike Turner" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Mike Turner</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Renacci" title="Jim Renacci" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Jim Renacci</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Stivers" title="Steve Stivers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Steve Stivers</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">OK</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 469px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cole" title="Tom Cole" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Tom Cole</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas(Oklahoma)" title="Frank Lucas (Oklahoma)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Frank Lucas</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">WI</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 469px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Duffy" title="Sean Duffy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Sean Duffy</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E.Petri" title="Thomas E. Petri" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Thomas E. Petri</a>, House Co-Chairman</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reid_Ribble" title="Reid Ribble" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Reid Ribble</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">West</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 509px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="font-size: 12px; width: 509px; border-spacing: 0px; background: rgb(253, 253, 253);"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">CA</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 471px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Calvert" title="Ken Calvert" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ken Calvert</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrell_Issa" title="Darrell Issa" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Darrell Issa</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy(California_politician)" title="Kevin McCarthy (California politician)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Kevin McCarthy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">CO</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 471px; padding: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Gardner" title="Cory Gardner" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Cory Gardner</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">OR</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 471px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Walden" title="Greg Walden" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Greg Walden</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">South</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 509px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="font-size: 12px; width: 509px; border-spacing: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">AL</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Bachus" title="Spencer Bachus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Spencer Bachus</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">AR</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Griffin" title="Tim Griffin" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Tim Griffin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">FL</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vern_Buchanan" title="Vern Buchanan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Vern Buchanan</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ander_Crenshaw" title="Ander Crenshaw" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ander Crenshaw</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">KY</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Whitfield" title="Edward Whitfield" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Edward Whitfield</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">LA</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Boustany" title="Charles Boustany" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Charles Boustany</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Cassidy" title="Bill Cassidy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Bill Cassidy</a>, M.D.</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;"><font color="#ff0000">Steve Scalise</font></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">NC</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Coble" title="Howard Coble" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Howard Coble</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renee_Ellmers" title="Renee Ellmers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Renee Ellmers</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">TN</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Marsha Blackburn</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">TX</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_C.Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Michael C. Burgess</a>, M.D.</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Kay Granger</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Randy Neugebauer</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_S.Smith" title="Lamar S. Smith" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Lamar Smith</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Mac Thornberry</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255);">V</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_I.Cantor" title="Eric I. Cantor" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Eric I. Cantor</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">WV</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 468px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelley_Moore_Capito" title="Shelley Moore Capito" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Shelley Moore Capito</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">East</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 509px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="font-size: 12px; width: 509px; border-spacing: 0px; background: rgb(253, 253, 253);"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">NJ</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 472px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_Frelinghuysen" title="Rodney Frelinghuysen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Rodney Frelinghuysen</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Lance" title="Leonard Lance" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Leonard Lance</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Runyan" title="Jon Runyan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Jon Runyan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">NY</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 472px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_L.Hanna" title="Richard L. Hanna" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Richard Hanna</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Reed(politician)" title="Tom Reed (politician)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Tom Reed</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td colspan="2" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(230, 230, 255);"><div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;">PA</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 472px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Dent" title="Charlie Dent" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Charlie Dent</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gerlach" title="Jim Gerlach" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Jim Gerlach</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Kelly(Pennsylvania)" title="Mike Kelly (Pennsylvania)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Mike Kelly</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Meehan" title="Patrick Meehan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Patrick Meehan</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Shuster" title="Bill Shuster" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Bill Shuster</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Thompson_(politician)" title="Glenn Thompson (politician)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Glenn Thompson</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">Reference</span></h2></div><div>
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