1994 Takeover

===

SEE ALSO 1994 NEWT TAG [zombie abramoff 4 23?]

see also contract w/ on Amsee doom tip pt, along with 2010 TP wave, ripple cascade effects bad=is this a tag?see also node

Control the GOP Congress. The tobacco industry played a crucial role in the "Republican revolution." As Peter H. Stone reports, campaign contributions and a revolving door of operatives— working jointly for tobacco and for key Congress members—have locked the industry and the top Republican leadership in a tight embrace (see <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/1996/05/nicotine-network" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">The Nicotine Network</a> [3]). For instance, Stone relates how Majority Whip Tom DeLay has put a tobacco operative in charge of his main political organization, ARMPAC.  mojo 1996
=the RGA's backing, the GOP netted seven governor's seats in the 1986 election.
In 1994, while Newt Gingrich and Co. took control [9] of Congress and rang in the Republican Revolution, the RGA was instrumental in the election of 11 GOP governors and successfully defended every Republican incumbent. When the dust settled, Republicans controlled 30 governorships, their first majority since 1970. The last time Republicans had performed so well in gubernatorial races was 1867.
Beyond its electoral victories, the RGA established itself as a launching pad for Republicans with presidential aspirations. The group helped to foster alliances between GOP governors and gave them access to deep-pocketed donors and top fundraisers,<span style="background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> helping to catapult politicians like Ronald Reagan (an RGA chairman), George W. Bush, Rick Perry (twice chairman), Mitt Romney (2006 chairman), and New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie [10] (current vice chair) onto the national stage. <span style="background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> RGA's rise has been fueled by a close alliance with corporate America—especially tobacco companies and Big Pharma. In the mid-'90s, the organization awarded seats on its board to executives from Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds, which each donated $40,000 a year. In November 1995, tobacco lobbyists swarmed the RGA's annual meeting in Nashua, New Hampshire, pressing governors to write letters opposing pending tobacco regulations from the Food and Drug Administration. In exchange for their support, the tobacco companies pledged financial backing when election time rolled around. They came through: In February 1996, Philip Morris held a Washington, DC, gala for the RGA that raised $2.6 million.
The increasing influence of corporate donors turned off some Republican governors, including Arne Carlson, Minnesota's governor from 1991 to 1999. Carlson recalls attending a few RGA meetings, but he stopped going due to the group's increasingly partisan tenor and insistence that donors be given access to the governors. "It was no longer Republican governors getting together," Carlson says. "It was the moneyed interests getting together with governors. I found it detestable."....==<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2019/08/how-deregulation-led-to-the-opioid-epidemic" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://www.alternet.org/2019/08/how-deregulation-led-to-the-opioid-epidemic</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div>no lnx</div><div>
</div><div>The opioid abuse epidemic is one of the worst public-health crises in American history. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), between 1999 and 2017, almost 400,000 people died in the U.S. from an overdose of either prescription or illicit opioids. In 2017 alone, opioids, more than one-third involving prescriptions, killed more than 47,000 individuals. And today, on average 130 people die each day from opioid overdoses.</div><div>
</div><div>This article originally appeared on The American Prospect.</div><div>
</div><div> </div><div>The root cause of most cases of opioid addiction, particularly prescription-initiated addiction, is pain, a devastating but sometimes overlooked symptom. As a recent American Industrial Hygiene Association paper argues, “the opioid crisis should be seen primarily as a pain crisis, much of which is related to work.” Addressing that crisis precipitated another: treatment regimes that relied heavily on opioids. Today there’s little awareness that almost two decades ago, conservative members of Congress, in a burst of anti-regulatory zeal, championed the fight to eliminate the very ergonomics standard that was designed to reduce the high incidence of a number of common workplace injuries.</div><div>
</div><div>The tale of that misguided effort begins with the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which was signed into law by President Richard Nixon in 1970, following decades of unregulated, preventable workplace deaths, injuries, and illnesses. Its goal was to “assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women” and included “authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the Act.”</div><div>
</div><div>The act incorporated existing industry safety standards and adopted new ones to cover an array of workplace hazards, such as work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). These disorders included a wide range of conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome, back pain, and tendonitis that are related to repetitive stress, or sustained or sudden exertions resulting from lifting, pushing, and pulling; carrying many or irregularly shaped objects; maintaining awkward or unnatural positions; or handling vibrating machinery and tools.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>By the 1980s, labor health and safety activists recognized that alarming rates of disabling WMSDs were occurring in a wide variety of workplaces, including auto manufacturers, garment factories, office environments, and meatpacking and poultry plants. New modes of assembly line production exacerbated these long-standing problems. The need to implement an ergonomics standard, one that would require employers to systematically address the hazards that give rise to musculoskeletal injuries suffered by their workers, became even more urgent.</div><div>
</div><div>There were several false starts for the controversial provisions, but OSHA began working in earnest on the standard in 1993. However, the resulting proposals soon ran into trouble on Capitol Hill. The Democrats lost control of Congress in 1994, and Newt Gingrich’s “Contract with America” heralded the new Republican majority’s deregulatory push. Bemoaning the costs that an ergonomics standard would entail for the private sector, industry lobbyists derided OSHA’s ergonomic proposal as the poster child for government overregulation. The agency estimated that the new rule would require $4.5 billion in annual compliance costs, but would generate $9.1 billion in benefits every year in the first ten years, and prevent hundreds of thousands of musculoskeletal disorders each year.</div><div>
</div><div>Gingrich’s acolytes fought the development of the standard tooth and nail, despite a 1997 General Accounting Office report that found that “billions of dollars are spent by private sector employers on workers’ compensation claims associated with WMSDs,” and that “employers can reduce these costs and injuries and thereby improve employee health and morale, as well as productivity and product quality” by implementing effective ergonomics programs in their workplaces.</div><div>
</div><div>After a decade of research and heated political debate, OSHA finally prevailed. On November 14, 2000, during the final weeks of the Clinton administration, the agency issued its ergonomics regulation. It applied to more than six million worksites covering 102 million workers and required all general-industry employers (excluding the agriculture, maritime, and construction sectors) to establish an ergonomics program if triggered by reports of a worker’s WMSD or persistent evidence of WMSDs in the workplace.</div><div>
</div><div>The standard went into effect days before George W. Bush was inaugurated. But a few months later, Congress used the Congressional Review Act of 1996 to obliterate the regulation, the first and only time the act had been used to rescind an agency regulation (until President Trump began to make frequent use of it). Usually, if a new administration dislikes a regulation and wants it revised or revoked, it needs to engage in rulemaking all over again and must justify the desired changes. The ergonomics standard escaped this process. In his first legislative act as president, Bush signed the rescission resolution on March 20, 2001, taking the standard off the books and prohibiting OSHA from ever issuing a substantially similar one. A regulation designed to protect workers from debilitating workplace injuries—that frequently required painkilling treatment regimes—had been completely destroyed.</div><div>
</div><div>The Bush administration paid lip service to the value of ergonomics programs. Administration officials noted that employers who ignored obvious problems with WMSDs might be cited under OSHA’s “general duty” to provide a workplace reasonably free from recognized hazards. But, as a June 2004 memo to OSHA’s regional administrators made clear, any new guidelines for the prevention of WMSDs “are not new standards or regulations and do not create any new OSHA duties for employers” (emphasis in original). Today, no federal ergonomics regulation exists. (Some states run their own OSHA programs, with federal financial and technical assistance and oversight. They are required to provide worker protections at least as vigorous as federal OSHA  regulations require. Of these states, only California has specific ergonomics regulations currently on the books.)</div><div>
</div><div>But the hazardous workplace conditions that give rise to musculoskeletal injuries, and the chronic pain that so often accompanies those injuries, haven’t gone away. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, musculoskeletal injuries are the most prevalent occupational injury in the United States today, totaling, in 2017, 32 percent of serious nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses. The CDC, meanwhile, continues to claim that “together, employers, workers, and other parties with an understanding of ergonomics can design effective programs to prevent and minimize WMSDs.”</div><div>
</div><div>In 2017, there were 344,970 cases of workplace musculoskeletal injuries involving days away from work. How many of those cases represent workers who are being treated or are self-medicating with opioids today? How many are addicted? And how many of their injuries could have been prevented with an effectively enforced standard designed to reduce the hazards that cause WMSDs, like the short-lived 2001 rule?</div><div>
</div><div>Today, the CDC points out that the best ways to prevent opioid overdose deaths include improving prescribing through revamped clinical-practice guidelines and treatment and preventing opioid use disorder. But there’s little discussion even now about preventing the workplace injuries that cause the pain that contribute to opioid use and abuse. Federally enforceable worker-informed ergonomics programs continue to be urgently needed in every workplace where these hazards exist. If only Congress and President Bush had understood that 18 years ago.</div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></div>=
...
the RGA's backing, the GOP netted seven governor's seats in the 1986 election.
<span style="" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color" font-style="font-style" normal="normal" font-variant="font-variant" text-decoration="text-decoration" none="none" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" white-space="white-space" pre-wrap="pre-wrap">In 1994, while Newt Gingrich and Co. took control [9] of Congress and rang in the Republican Revolution, the RGA was instrumental in the election of 11 GOP governors and successfully defended every Republican incumbent. When the dust settled, Republicans controlled 30 governorships, their first majority since 1970. The last time Republicans had performed so well in gubernatorial races was 1867.
Beyond its electoral victories, the RGA established itself as a launching pad for Republicans with presidential aspirations. The group helped to foster alliances between GOP governors and gave them access to deep-pocketed donors and top fundraisers, helping to catapult politicians like Ronald Reagan (an RGA chairman), George W. Bush, Rick Perry (twice chairman), Mitt Romney (2006 chairman), and New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie [10] (current vice chair) onto the national stage. The RGA's rise has been fueled by a close alliance with corporate America—especially tobacco companies and Big Pharma. In the mid-'90s, the organization awarded seats on its board to executives from Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds, which each donated $40,000 a year. In November 1995, tobacco lobbyists swarmed the RGA's annual meeting in Nashua, New Hampshire, pressing governors to write letters opposing pending tobacco regulations from the Food and Drug Administration. In exchange for their support, the tobacco companies pledged financial backing when election time rolled around. They came through: In February 1996, Philip Morris held a Washington, DC, gala for the RGA that raised $2.6 million.
<div>The increasing influence of corporate donors turned off some Republican governors, including Arne Carlson, Minnesota's governor from 1991 to 1999. Carlson recalls attending a few RGA meetings, but he stopped going due to the group's increasingly partisan tenor and insistence that donors be given access to the governors. "It was no longer Republican governors getting together," Carlson says. "It was the moneyed interests getting together with governors. I found it detestable."</div><div>...
</div>=

rfk2:

Wise Use plus Xian Moonie  (arnold head of Wa State  Am Freedon Coalition (moonie

pol arm) 28  also Pat Rob CC,  1991 cNew Wolrd Order best seller , fed gov alien

trying to wreck family and take guns. on green see mike Lind NY rev bks 2/2/95 env

evil pagan preists; opened door of militia, racist and other fringe to be anti

green (?)  r reed his #2, gave seminars to corps on how electronic and grassroots

to ctr green; ant-gr staple of C B network 29 ind $ behind Xian 1st x, so its pols

got elected 29  by 94 got most ~ eco congress in hist, wise use helped gingrich

revo (Contr w/ A, ~ grn)  assist by consigiore sp delay, w/ "biblical worldview"

30  TD: DDT as safe as aspirin", ~ESA; columbine b/c teach evol

1/95 Tom Delay invites 350 lobbyists to dismantle regs 30  learned from watt disaster PR,

so plant tree foto op and used free mkt rhet to hide; Luntz did PR (wrote Cont for

Am) snuck riders on key bills, "supermandate" regulatory reform, ~ unfunded

mandates etc but PIRG etc caught them, 1 mil signatures, so mod gop opposed; after

gov't shutdown newt lost public support. TD: we lost debate on envir"

---

Control the GOP Congress. The tobacco industry played a crucial role in the "Republican revolution." As Peter H. Stone reports, campaign contributions and a revolving door of operatives— working jointly for tobacco and for key Congress members—have locked the industry and the top Republican leadership in a tight embrace (see <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/1996/05/nicotine-network">The Nicotine Network</a> [3]). For instance, Stone relates how Majority Whip Tom DeLay has put a tobacco operative in charge of his main political organization, ARMPAC.   MOJO 1996

===

In 1994, while Newt Gingrich and Co. took <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newt/newtchron.html" target="_blank">control</a> [9] of Congress and rang in the Republican Revolution, the RGA was instrumental in the election of 11 GOP governors and successfully defended every Republican incumbent. When the dust settled, Republicans controlled 30 governorships, their first majority since 1970. The last time Republicans had performed so well in gubernatorial races was 1867.

===

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,1994">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,1994</a>

The 1994 U.S. House of Representatives election was held on November 8, 1994, in the middle of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s first term. As a result of a 54-seat swing in membership from Democrats to Republicans, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" title="United States Republican Party" class="mw-redirect">Republican Party</a> gained a majority of seats in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> for the first time since <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.House_election,1954" title="U.S. House election, 1954" class="mw-redirect">1954</a>.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" title="United States Democratic Party" class="mw-redirect">Democratic Party</a> had run the House for all but four of the preceding 62 years. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" title="United States Republican Party" class="mw-redirect">Republican Party</a>, united behind <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_with_America" title="Contract with America">Contract with America</a>, which promised floor votes on various popular and institutional reforms, was able to capitalize on the perception that the House leadership was corrupt, as well as the dissatisfaction of conservative and many independent voters with President Clinton's actions (including a failed attempt at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan" title="Clinton health care plan" class="mw-redirect">universal health care</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a> measures).

In a historic election, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" title="United States Democratic Party" class="mw-redirect">D</a>-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%28U.S.state%29" title="Washington (U.S. state)" class="mw-redirect">Washington</a>) was defeated for re-election in his district, becoming the first Speaker of the House to fail to win re-election since the era of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. Other major upsets included the defeat of powerful long-serving Representatives such as Ways and Means Chairman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">Dan Rostenkowski</a> (D-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>) and Judiciary Chairman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Brooks%28politician%29" title="Jack Brooks (politician)">Jack Brooks</a> (D-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>). In all, 34 incumbents (all Democrats) were defeated, though a few of them (like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Price%28American_politician%29" title="David Price (American politician)" class="mw-redirect">David Price</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Strickland" title="Ted Strickland">Ted Strickland</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>) regained seats in later elections; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Maria Cantwell</a> of Washington won a U.S. Senate race in 2000. Republicans also won some seats that were left open by retiring Democrats. Democrats won four Republican-held seats where the incumbents were stepping down (Maine, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island). Democrats who were elected in this situation included Rhode Island congressman and Kennedy family member <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_J._Kennedy" title="Patrick J. Kennedy">Patrick J. Kennedy</a> and former Maine governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Baldacci" title="John Baldacci">John Baldacci</a>. No Republican incumbent lost his or her seat in 1994.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Whip_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Minority Whip of the United States House of Representatives" class="mw-redirect">Minority whip</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" title="United States Republican Party" class="mw-redirect">R</a>-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%28U.S.state%29" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>), re-elected in the Republican landslide, became Speaker (previous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Leader_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives" class="mw-redirect">Minority Leader</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H.Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Robert H. Michel</a> having retired). Former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority_Leader_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives" class="mw-redirect">Majority Leader</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Dick Gephardt</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" title="United States Democratic Party" class="mw-redirect">D</a>-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>) became Minority Leader. The new Republican Party (GOP) leadership in the House promised to bring a dozen legislative proposals to a vote in the first 100 days of the session, although the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> did not always follow suit. The Republicans would remain the majority party of the House for the following 12 years, until the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/110th_Congress" title="110th Congress" class="mw-redirect">110th United States Congress</a> following the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_elections,2006#Federal_results" title="United States elections, 2006">2006 midterm elections</a>. They reclaimed their majority status when the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/112th_Congress" title="112th Congress" class="mw-redirect">112th United States Congress</a> convened in 2011, following the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_elections,_2010#Federal_results" title="United States elections, 2010">2010 midterm elections</a>.

<h2>Contents</h2>

</div>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1994#Voting_patterns">1 Voting patterns</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1994#Overall_results">2 Overall results</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1994#Complete_results">3 Complete results</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1994#References">4 References</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>Incumbents defeated</h3>

Every Republican incumbent standing won re-election. Thirty-four incumbent Democrats (including 16 "freshmen") were defeated in 1994. Democrats from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_%28state%29" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> lost the most seats (5).

<ul>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karan_English" title="Karan English">Karan English</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Arizona's 6th congressional district">AZ-6</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Hamburg" title="Dan Hamburg" class="mw-redirect">Dan Hamburg</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="California's 1st congressional district">CA-1</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_H._Lehman" title="Richard H. Lehman">Richard H. Lehman</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="California's 19th congressional district">CA-19</a>, elected in 1982)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Schenk" title="Lynn Schenk">Lynn Schenk</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%27s_49th_congressional_district" title="California's 49th congressional district">CA-49</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_%22Buddy%22_Darden" title="George " class="mw-redirect">George "Buddy" Darden</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Georgia's 7th congressional district">GA-7</a>, elected in 1982)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clete_Donald_Johnson,_Jr." title="Clete Donald Johnson, Jr.">Clete Donald Johnson, Jr.</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Georgia's 10th congressional district">GA-10</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_LaRocco" title="Larry LaRocco">Larry LaRocco</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Idaho's 1st congressional district">ID-1</a>, elected in 1990)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">Dan Rostenkowski</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 8th congressional district">IL-5</a>, elected in 1958) - lost his seat despite being a 36 year veteran of the house and a chairman of an important house committee. His heavily Democratic Chicago district turned against him after he was indicted on corruption charges for his key role in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Post_Office_scandal" title="Congressional Post Office scandal">Congressional Post Office scandal</a>. His political downfall was portrayed by Republicans as emblematic of Democratic corruption.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Long" title="Jill Long" class="mw-redirect">Jill Long</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 4th congressional district">IN-4</a>, elected in 1988)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_McCloskey" title="Frank McCloskey">Frank McCloskey</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 8th congressional district">IN-8</a>, elected in 1982)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" title="Neal Edward Smith">Neal Edward Smith</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Iowa's 4th congressional district">IO-4</a>, elected in 1958) - also a major upset due to Smith's seniority.</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Glickman" title="Dan Glickman">Dan Glickman</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Kansas's 4th congressional district">KS-4</a>, elected in 1976)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Barlow_%28politician%29" title="Thomas Barlow (politician)" class="mw-redirect">Thomas Barlow</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's 1st congressional district">KY-1</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hoagland" title="Peter Hoagland">Peter Hoagland</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Nebraska's 2nd congressional district">NE-2</a>, elected in 1988)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bilbray" title="James Bilbray">James Bilbray</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Nevada's 1st congressional district">NV-1</a>, elected in 1986)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Swett" title="Richard Swett">Dick Swett</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district">NH-2</a>, elected in 1990)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Klein" title="Herb Klein" class="mw-redirect">Herb Klein</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="New Jersey's 8th congressional district">NJ-8</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_J._Hochbrueckner" title="George J. Hochbrueckner">George J. Hochbrueckner</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="New York's 1st congressional district">NY-1</a>, elected in 1986)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Lancaster" title="Martin Lancaster">Martin Lancaster</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="North Carolina's 3rd congressional district">NC-3</a>, elected in 1986)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Price%28U.S.politician%29" title="David Price (U.S. politician)">David Price</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="North Carolina's 4th congressional district">NC-4</a>, elected in 1986)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_S._Mann" title="David S. Mann">David S. Mann</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Ohio's 1st congressional district">OH-1</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Strickland" title="Ted Strickland">Ted Strickland</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Ohio's 6th congressional district">OH-6</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Fingerhut" title="Eric Fingerhut">Eric Fingerhut</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="Ohio's 19th congressional district">OH-19</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Margolies-Mezvinsky" title="Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky">Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district">PA-13</a>, elected in 1992)- her decisive vote on Bill Clinton's controversial 1993 budget was often argued to be the cause of her downfall. Later became Chelsea Clinton's mother-in-law.</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Brooks_%28politician%29" title="Jack Brooks (politician)">Jack Brooks</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 9th congressional district">TX-9</a>, elected in 1952) - voted out despite over 40 years experience in congress. His support of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">Federal Assault Weapons Ban</a> alienated conservative voters.</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Sarpalius" title="Bill Sarpalius">Bill Sarpalius</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 13th congressional district">TX-13</a>, elected in 1988)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Shepherd" title="Karen Shepherd">Karen Shepherd</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Utah's 2nd congressional district">UT-2</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_L._Byrne" title="Leslie L. Byrne">Leslie L. Byrne</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 11th congressional district">VA-11</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Maria Cantwell</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Washington's 1st congressional district">WA-1</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolene_Unsoeld" title="Jolene Unsoeld">Jolene Unsoeld</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Washington's 3rd congressional district">WA-3</a>, elected in 1988)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 4th congressional district">WA-4</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">WA-5</a>, elected in 1964) - one of the most historic defeats in congressional history; Foley had not only represented the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a> area for thirty years, but was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a>, one of the most powerful men in D.C., so his defeat was symbolic[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] of the entire 1994 election. (This was the first time since 1862 that a sitting Speaker was defeated in a re-election bid.)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Kreidler" title="Mike Kreidler">Mike Kreidler</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 9th congressional district">WA-9</a>, elected in 1992)</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_W._Barca" title="Peter W. Barca">Peter W. Barca</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Wisconsin's 1st congressional district">WI-1</a>, elected in 1993) - Barca's tight win in a 1993 special election in this "safely" Democratic district foreshadowed events to come.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li>

</ul>

<h2>Complete results</h2>