CERA

<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</p><div class="print-content"><div id="node-892354" class="node node-story view-mode-print clearfix" about="/environment/media-tout-pro-fracking-report-fail-mention-it-was-funded-gas-industry" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" style="position: relative;"><div class="byline environment"><span class="field field-name-field-sources field-type-node-reference field-label-hidden">Media Matters</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<em>By</em>&nbsp;<em><a href="http://www.alternet.org/authors/denise-robbins" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Denise Robbins</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote" style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span></em></div><div class="story_comments"><span class="small"><img border="0" alt="comments_image" src="http://www.alternet.org/sites/all/themes/custom/alternet/images/talk_box_environment.jpg" style="border: 0px;" /><span class="environment comments_link" /></span></div><div class="headline"><h1 property="dc:title" datatype="" class="node-title">Media Tout Pro-Fracking Report, Fail to Mention it Was Funded By the Gas Industry</h1></div><div class="the_body body_environment clearfix"><div class="story-date"><em><span class="field field-name-field-date field-type-date field-label-hidden"><span class="field-items"><span class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single" property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2013-09-05T13:10:00-07:00">September 5, 2013</span></span></span></span>&nbsp;</em>&nbsp;| &nbsp;</div><p><font size="4">Multiple mainstream media outlets have covered a new report touting the economic benefits from hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") without disclosing the report's industry funding.</font></p><p><font size="4">The recently released&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ihs.com/images/Americas-New-Energy-Future-Mfg-Renaissance-Main-Report-Sept13.pdf" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">study</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[2]</span>, titled "America's New Energy Future: The Unconventional Oil & Gas Revolution and the US Economy," received widespread media attention on Thursday. The report, conducted by consulting group IHS CERA, was commissioned by multiple fossil fuel organizations that stand to benefit from growth in the oil and gas industry. According to the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/09/04/us-energy-economy-impact/2742461/" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">report</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[3]</span>, the increase in unconventional oil and natural gas extraction has added an average of $1,200 in discretionary income to each US household in 2012, and now supports 1.2 million jobs -- projected to increase to 3.3 million by 2020. These figures are much&nbsp;<a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/09/04/us-energy-economy-impact/2742461/" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">larger</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[3]</span>&nbsp;than the findings of many previous economic studies.</font></p><p><font size="4">However, multiple major news outlets, including&nbsp;<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/04/us-usa-oil-economy-idUSBRE9830NQ20130904" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Reuters</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[4]</span>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/101008749" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CNBC</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[5]</span>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidblackmon/2013/09/04/behold-the-bounty-that-shale-oil-and-natural-gas-have-wrought/" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Forbes.com</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[6]</span>, and the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-oil-natural-gas-household-income-1200-20130904,0,5435572.story" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Los Angeles Times</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[7]</span>,<b> covered the new report with no mention of its financial ties to the industry. The research was monetarily&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ihs.com/images/Americas-New-Energy-Future-Mfg-Renaissance-Exec-Sum-Sept13.pdf" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">supported&nbsp;</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[8]</span>by America's Natural Gas Alliance, the American Petroleum Institute, the American Chemistry Council, the Natural Gas Supply Association, and others who stand to gain economically from an&nbsp;<a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2012/06/21/myths-and-facts-about-natural-gas/184994#regulation" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">unregulated</a><span class="print-footnote">[9]</span>&nbsp;increase in fracking. </b>Kyle Isakower, vice president of regulatory policy at the American Petroleum Institute -- the largest trade association for the oil and gas industry --&nbsp;<a href="http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/business/news/shale-study-promises-huge-gains-33-million-jobs-by-20-701889/#ixzz2e1fv8APu" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">lauded</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[10]</span>&nbsp;the new report, saying "[f]or an organization like the American Petroleum Institute, being able to cite the findings and reputation of IHS goes a long way toward making its point to government officials." According to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/business/news/shale-study-promises-huge-gains-33-million-jobs-by-20-701889/#ixzz2e1fv8APu" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Steve Forde</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[10]</span>, vice president of policy and communication at the Marcellus Shale Coalition (an industry trade group), economic impact studies such as this are "an important advocacy tool" for industry development.</font></p><p><font size="4"><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-04/fracking-boom-seen-raising-household-incomes-by-1-200.html" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Bloomberg</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[11]</span>, which did disclose the report's industry ties, reported that the IHS report didn't take potential environmental impacts from extracting unconventional oil and gas through drilling and fracking, such as&nbsp;<a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2012/06/21/myths-and-facts-about-natural-gas/184994#water" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">groundwater contamination</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[12]</span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/02/science/earth/hydrofracking-could-strain-western-water-resources-study-finds.html?r=0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">strains on water resources</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote">[13]</span>, into account.</font></p></div><div class="big_story_tools_bottom_container"><div class="talk_box"><span class="small" /></div></div><div class="story_tools_bottom"><div class="text-size"><div class="story_tools_email"><div class="story_tools_print"><div class="story_tools_share"><div class="story_tools_social_buttons"><div class="tags"><em>See more stories tagged with:</em><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.alternet.org/tags/fracking-0" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">fracking</a>&nbsp;<span class="print-footnote" style="font-size: xx-small;">[14]</span></div></div></div></div><div class="comment_button"><div class="print-footer" style="text-align: center;"><hr class="print-hr" style="border: 0px; height: 1px; width: 1047.199951171875px; color: rgb(158, 158, 158); background-color: rgb(158, 158, 158);" /><div class="print-source_url" style="text-align: left; font-size: small;"><strong>Source URL:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.alternet.org/environment/media-tout-pro-fracking-report-fail-mention-it-was-funded-gas-industry" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">http://www.alternet.org/environment/media-tout-pro-fracking-report-fail-mention-it-was-funded-gas-industry</a></div><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</p><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.5em; border: 0px; font-family: DagnyWebProBlack, Avenir, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.15em; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(16, 119, 56); text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/joe-nocera-wrong-unfair-keystone-xl-tar-sands-pipeline-mckibben-hansen-explain-why/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(16, 119, 56);">Joe Nocera Is Still Wrong and “Very Unfair” About the Keystone XL Tar Sands Pipeline. McKibben, Hansen and I Explain Why.</a></h1><p class="timestamp" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">BY&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/author/joe/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">JOE ROMM</a>&nbsp;ON&nbsp;</span>FEBRUARY 13, 2012 AT 12:27 PM</p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 20px 0px 10px; border: 0px; font-family: DagnyWebProBlack, Avenir, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We must leave the overwhelming majority of unconventional fossil fuels in the ground to avoid catastrophic warming, but Nocera wants to open every spigot</h3><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Hansen11.gif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><img title="Hansen1" src="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Hansen11.gif" alt="" width="500" height="313" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" /></a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">CO2 emissions by fossil fuels [1 ppm CO2 ~ 2.12 GtC, where ppm is parts per million of CO2 in air and GtC is gigatons of carbon] via<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/_{jeh1/mailings/2012/20120127_CowardsPart1.pdf}" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Hansen</a>.&nbsp;</em><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Significantly exceeding 450 ppm risks several severe and irreversible warming impacts.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Hitting 800 to 1,000+ ppm — which is our current emissions path and the inevitable outcome of aggressively exploiting unconventional fuels like the tar sands as Nocera advocates — represents the near-certain destruction of modern civilization as we know it</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/romm/2011/09/28/330109/science-of-global-warming-impacts/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">as the recent scientific literature makes chillingly clear</a>. [Estimated reserves and potentially recoverable resources are from EIA (2011) and GAC (2011).]</em></p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">NY Times</em>&nbsp;business columnist Joe Nocera responded to my post “<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/02/09/420143/joe-nocera-joins-the-climate-ignorati/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Joe Nocera Joins the Climate Ignorati</a>.”&nbsp; He also interviewed Bill McKibben for his new column, “<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/11/opinion/nocera-the-politics-of-keystone-take-2.html?r=1&hp" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">The Politics of Keystone, Take 2</a>.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But he is still very wrong, and he didn’t represent McKibben’s position well at all.&nbsp; Nocera’s new arguments are more elaborate. Since you see them a lot from centrist economist types, I will respond&nbsp; in some detail –&nbsp; with the help of McKibben, who explains here what he was trying to explain to Nocera and why Nocera’s final paragraph is “very unfair.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I’ll also show that Nocera holds the environmental costs of the pipeline up to a considerably different standard of analysis than he does his hand-waving assertions of the supposedly vastly larger non-environmental benefits of Keystone.&nbsp; A leading expert on life-cycle greenhouse gas analyses of the tar sands responds to Nocera’s lowball estimate.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nocera goes astray almost immediately:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">Here’s the question on the table today: Can a person support the Keystone XL oil pipeline and still believe that global warming poses a serious threat?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">To my mind, the answer is yes.</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I know what you’re thinking.&nbsp; Since when does Nocera “believe that global warming poses a serious threat”?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">If Nocera really believes global warming poses a serious threat, you’d think he’d write about it regularly.&nbsp; But his first&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/opinion/nocera-the-poisoned-politics-of-keystone-xl.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Keystone article</a>&nbsp;never mentioned warming and dismissed all environmental concerns.&nbsp; Nocera wrote a long piece on the<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/opinion/sunday/26car.html?r=1&pagewanted=all" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Chevy Volt last year</a>&nbsp;and never mentioned warming or CO2 at all.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">If you google his name and “global warming,” you’ll find 2008′s “<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/31/business/31nocera.html?sq=&st=nyt&scp=162&pagewanted=all" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">At Exxon’s Can’t-Miss Meeting</a>,” in which he touts the widely debunked nonsense peddled by physicist&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/31/business/31nocera.html?pagewanted=all" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Freeman Dyson</a>&nbsp;and dismisses knowledgeable people who express science-based views as trying to “<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/31/business/31nocera.html?pagewanted=all" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">push Exxon Mobil toward their belief system</a>&nbsp;—<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">their global warming religion</strong>.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Needless to say, folks who “believe that global warming poses a serious threat” do not generally use the phrase “global warming religion.”&nbsp; That was a key reason I called him a member of the climate ignorati.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The science says that global warming is an existential threat</strong>&nbsp;(see&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/romm/2010/12/13/207169/lonnie-thompson-climatologists-global-warming-a-clear-and-present-danger-to-civilization/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Lonnie Thompson on why climatologists are speaking out: “Virtually all of us are now convinced that global warming poses a clear and present danger to civilization”</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2011/09/28/330109/science-of-global-warming-impacts/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">literature review here</a>).</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Heck, the International Energy Agency, a staid and conservative group of economists and the like where Nocera should feel at home, says the world is on pace for 11°F warming and&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/romm/2012/01/04/379694/iea-world-11-degree-warming-school-children-catastrophic/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">“Even School Children Know This Will Have Catastrophic Implications for All of Us”</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">So Nocera lacks any “street cred” to either pose or answer the “question on the table today,” as he has never shown any indication that he believes global warming poses a serious threat — and indeed he has written in the past as if he does not.&nbsp; In his first Keystone piece last week he wrote:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span id="more-423525" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;" /></p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">Along with the natural gas that can now be extracted thanks to<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">hydraulic fracturing — which, of course, all right-thinking<a href="http://www.newsnet5.com/dpp/news/state/ohio-environmentalists-dems-protest-fracking" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">environmentalists also oppose</a>&nbsp;— the oil from the Canadian tar sands ought to be viewed as a great gift that has been handed to North America</strong>.&nbsp; These two relatively new sources of fossil fuels offer America its first real chance in decades to become, if not energy self-sufficient, at least energy secure, no longer beholden to OPEC.</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Now that doesn’t sound much like a climate realist.&nbsp; Apparently Nocera wants us to think he is concerned about the global warming threat while simultaneously embracing full exploitation of unconventional oil and gas.&nbsp; The analysis by James Hansen (and others) — previewed<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/01/28/413955/james-hansen-on-cowards/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">&nbsp;here&nbsp;</a>and summarized in the chart at the top — makes clear that&nbsp;<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">those two views are in fact incompatible</strong>.&nbsp; [See also&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/02/08/421588/high-methane-emissions-measured-over-gas-field-offset-climate-benefits-of-natural-gasquot/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Bombshell Study: High Methane Emissions Measured Over Gas Field “May Offset Climate Benefits of Natural Gas.</a>]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">That’s a key reason why all the folks best known for worrying about the threat posed by global warming oppose the pipeline.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Let’s dive into the piece itself.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nocera’s piece continues:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">The crude oil from the tar sands of Alberta, which the pipeline would transport to American refineries on the Gulf Coast, simply will not bring about global warming apocalypse. The seemingly inexorable rise in greenhouse gas emissions is the result of deeply ingrained human habits, which will not change if the pipeline is ultimately blocked. The benefits of the oil we stand to get from Canada, via Keystone, far outweigh the environmental risks.</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Talk about moving the goal posts and misstating the problem and handwaving.&nbsp; First off, no individual pool of carbon can “bring about global warming apocalypse” by itself.&nbsp; But in combination with&nbsp; the conventional coal, oil, and gas we are burning unconstrained — a policy Nocera appears to endorse wholeheartedly — then, yes, the tar sands will be a clear contributor to impacts that deserve the label apocalyptic.&nbsp; Nocera would know that if he bothered to talk to real climate scientists like Hansen.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Blocking the tar sands isn’t about changing “human habits” — it’s about blocking access to a vast pool of carbon that needs to be left in the ground.&nbsp; Obviously if&nbsp; you frame all efforts to&nbsp; stop catastrophic climate change as attempting to change “deeply ingrained human habits” then you can&nbsp; hand wave all action away.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And speaking of&nbsp; handwaving, Nocera&nbsp; never actually quantifies the supposed “benefits of the oil we stand to get from Canada.”&nbsp; That’s probably because such quantification is difficult if not impossible, since those benefits are minimal.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In fact, Nocera simply asserts that tar sands oil and shale gas gives us a chance to become “no longer beholden to OPEC.” But that may be the sloppiest statement Nocera has written on this subject.&nbsp; He knows&nbsp; that the price of oil is set on an international market.&nbsp; The Keystone XL pipeline would carry up to 900,000 barrels of oil a day.&nbsp; That’s a little over 1% of global supply (and 4% of U.S. supply, assuming we got it all, which we won’t) –&nbsp; it will have no significant impact on the price of oil or OPEC’s ability to control price (neither will shale gas).&nbsp; Now, if Nocera is really proposing a vast expansion of tar sands oil significant enough to be even, say, 10% of global oil supply, well, then&nbsp; that would be precisely what opponents of the pipeline have been arguing — that it opens the door to levels of tar sands&nbsp; exploitation that would in fact&nbsp; make a major contributor to climate catastrophe.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nocera continues:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">When I tried to&nbsp;<a title="My column of Feb. 7" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/opinion/nocera-the-poisoned-politics-of-keystone-xl.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">make that case on Tuesday</a>, however, I was cast as a global warming “denier.” Joe Romm, who edits&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/romm/issue/?mobile=nc" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">the Climate Progress blog</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/romm/2012/02/09/420143/joe-nocera-joins-the-climate-ignorati/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">said that I had joined</a>&nbsp;“the climate ignorati.” Robert Redford — yes, that Robert Redford —&nbsp;<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-redford/joe-nocera-keystone-pipeline_b_1263231.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">denounced my column in The Huffington Post</a>. “Let’s put the rhetoric aside, and simply focus on the facts,” he wrote.</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">NOTE TO NOCERA: Calling you part of the climate ignorati does not mean I am casting you as a “global warming ‘denier’.” I reserve that term for people who spread long-debunked disinformation knowingly and/or as part of the broader anti-science disinformation campaign.&nbsp; The ignorati are, as Google quickly reveals, “Elites who, despite their power, wealth, or influence, are prone to making serious errors when discussing science and other technical matters.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Actually, Nocera didn’t try to make that case.&nbsp; He never detailed the supposed benefits of the pipeline, and he called concerns about environmental risks posed by expansion of the tar sands “ludicrous.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nocera continues:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes, let’s. In particular, let’s focus on two issues that have become the cornerstone of the opposition to Keystone. The first is that the crude from the tar sands is, in Redford’s words, “the dirtiest oil on the planet” — so dirty, in fact, that it will dramatically increase greenhouse gas emissions and greatly exacerbate the growing threat of global warming.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">There is no question that oil from the tar sands&nbsp;<a href="http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/08/oil-sands-to-boost-emissions-canadian-report-says/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">will increase greenhouse gases</a>. But by how much?&nbsp;<a href="http://a1024.g.akamai.net/f/1024/13859/1d/ihsgroup.download.akamai.com/13859/ihs/cera/The-Role-of-the-Canadian-Oils-Sands-in-the-US-Market.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">According to a study</a>&nbsp;by<b><font color="#ff0000"> IHS Cera</font></b>, a leading energy research firm, the oil from the tar sands emits only 6 percent more greenhouse gases than other, lighter forms of oil. (Environmental groups have tried to poke holes in the study, but even they don’t come up with the kind of increase that would doom the planet.)</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">No and no.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">First, the<b><font color="#ff0000"> IHS Cera</font></b> analysis isn’t transparent, and therefore it isn’t very useful.&nbsp; It isn’t just enviros who have issues with it. &nbsp; I interviewed one of the country’s foremost authorities on comparative lifecycle GHG analyses of the tar sands,<a href="http://pangea.stanford.edu/_abrandt/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Adam Brandt</a>.&nbsp; He is in Stanford’s Department of Energy Resources Engineering, and author of the&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es202312p" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">December 2011 study</a>, “Variability and Uncertainty in Life Cycle Assessment Models for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Canadian Oil Sands Production.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I asked him why IHS Cera was on the low side of most other analyses and what he thought was the best range to use.&nbsp; He said, “I am not sure of exactly what CERA did in their study” and “I have a hard time commenting on numbers that CERA derives, because I can’t see what they did.”&nbsp; He says:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">There is a lot of variability depending on the oil sands project in question.&nbsp; I think a reasonable range for the existing oil sands projects is a 5%-30% increase over the California baseline value.&nbsp;<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">When speaking to reporters, I cite a baseline industry-average increase of 10-15% compared to the California baseline.</strong></p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Second, again, to avoid catastrophic global warming we need to leave the majority of hydrocarbons in the ground — and the overwhelming majority of unconventional fossil fuels in the ground.&nbsp; The tar sands is at the top of the list of unconventional fossil fuels that need to be left in the ground, particularly if you’re talking the kind of exploitation needed to actually have any impact whatsoever on U.S. energy security — see&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2011/06/05/236978/james-hansen-keystone-pipeline-tar-sands-climate/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Hansen slams Keystone XL Pipeline: “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Exploitation of tar sands would make it implausible to stabilize climate and avoid disastrous global climate impacts</strong>.”</a></p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/romm/2012/02/02/416859/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Tar-Sands-Shale.gif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><img title="Tar Sands Shale" src="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/romm/2012/02/02/416859/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Tar-Sands-Shale.gif" alt="" width="450" height="256" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" /></a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">X-axis is the range of potential resource in billions of barrels. Y-axis is grams of Carbon per MegaJoule of final fuel.&nbsp; [Graph source: Farrell and Brandt, "<a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/1/1/014004/fulltext/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Risks of the oil transition</a>," 2006.]</em></p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nocera continues:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">What’s more, there is plenty of oil being produced today with the same greenhouse gas consequences as the oil from the tar sands.<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">As&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cfr.org/experts/energy-energy-security-technology-and-foreign-policy/michael-a-levi/b11890" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Michael Levi</a>, an energy expert at the Council on Foreign Relations, says, “The argument you hear is that because it increases greenhouse gas emissions, we shouldn’t tolerate it.&nbsp; Well, so do the lights in my house.&nbsp; You have to be discriminating.”</strong></p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Seriously.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">That may be the lamest analogy in the history of energy and climate</strong>.&nbsp; Nocera is actually analogizing the GHG emissions increase from 900,000 barrels a day of dirty tar sands oil with flicking on the lights in your house!&nbsp; And remember, Nocera wants a lot more oil than that.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">How bad is this analogy?&nbsp; Many people choose to get their&nbsp; electricity from renewable sources — so for them turning on the lights don’t even increase GHGs.&nbsp; The point is people don’t have any choice about&nbsp; the dirty tar sands oil — but Obama does.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nocera continues:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">The second argument is that the tar sands oil won’t help the United States because it is all headed for export. This is perhaps the silliest argument of all. Right now, most of the big refineries on the Gulf Coast&nbsp;<a href="http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/on-energy/2011/12/16/the-benefits-and-drawbacks-of-the-keystone-xl-pipeline?s_cid=rss:energy-intelligence:the-benefits-and-drawbacks-of-the-keystone-xl-pipeline" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">export</a>&nbsp;around 20 percent of their refined product. Why? Because every barrel of crude oil is converted partly to diesel and partly to gasoline — and the rest of the world is far more reliant on diesel fuel than we are. The gasoline remains in the United States. Keystone wouldn’t change that equation one bit. Normally, one wouldn’t have to point out that exporting high-value products is good for the country. But, of course, improving our trade balance is irrelevant when you’re facing the apocalypse.</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Actually, it isn’t a silly argument because Nocera titled his piece “The Politics of Keystone.” Exporting this oil is a political killer.&nbsp; But in any case, Nocera is willing to hand wave away all the environmental arguments because Keystone would enrich U.S. refiners?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He continues:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">You want to know another little secret about the tar sands? It’s already coming here, thanks to&nbsp;<a href="http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Oil-Pipelines-Criss-Cross-the-United-States-Why-the-Fuss-Over-Keystone-XL.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">existing pipelines</a>&nbsp;— and it is already doing us a great deal of good. The influx of Canadian oil is partly why our imports from OPEC are at their lowest level in nearly a decade. And because the crude from Canada is selling at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/why-canadian-crude-is-selling-for-less/article2331655/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">a steep discount</a>&nbsp;to Saudi Arabian crude, it is stabilizing the price at the pump.</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Another handwaving argument.&nbsp; Let’s see if Nocera can find a study that says 900,000 barrels of tar sand oil will lower US oil prices over the long term.&nbsp; Good luck.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Consider an analogous case, the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s 2009 report, “<a href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/otheranalysis/aeo_2009analysispapers/aongr.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Impact of Limitations on Access to Oil and Natural Gas Resources in the Federal Outer Continental Shelf</a>.” The EIA&nbsp; analyzed the difference between restrictions to offshore drilling and full offshore drilling, which means about half a million barrels of oil a day more in U.S. oil production in the 2020s and beyond.&nbsp;<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2030, US gasoline prices would be three cents a gallon lower.&nbsp; Woohoo!</strong></p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">Somewhat to my surprise, the most reasoned Keystone opponent I spoke to this week was&nbsp;<a href="http://www.billmckibben.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Bill McKibben</a>, who&nbsp;<a title="A Times article" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/04/science/earth/04air.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">led the protests against it</a>. Although the tar sands ranks as “the second biggest pool of carbon in the world,” he told me, “Keystone, by itself, won’t make or break the environment.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">Rather, he said, he and other environmentalists had decided to draw this particular line in the sand because stopping Keystone would help accelerate what he described as the difficult transition from a fossil fuel economy to a new, brighter world based on renewable sources of energy. “The most sensible way to go about dealing with global warming is one pipeline at a time,” he said. “These kinds of fights are extremely important because they are the way the message gets out that we need to change.”</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">You won’t be surprised to learn this isn’t what McKibben was saying.&nbsp; McKibben writes me:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">What I said, in fact, was ‘the most sensible way to about dealing with global warming is&nbsp;<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">not</strong>&nbsp;one pipeline at a time.’ And of course that’s true–it would make the most sense to have a real policy that put a stiff price on carbon. But since that’s not happening at the moment, despite our best efforts, we’re in a constant fight to try and keep carbon in the ground wherever we can.&nbsp; The tar sands are key for the reason we’ve said from the start: there’s so much carbon in there that if you tap it heavily it’s ‘game over for the climate’ no matter what else you do.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">The other thing that i talked with him about but failed to get across was that the biggest danger was not the extra carbon in tar sands oil but the sheer scale of the new deposit they’re now opening up. He seems to have dropped his earlier insistence that they’d get it to Asia somehow anyway: I think he heard from people about the opposition to the Gateway pipeline.&nbsp;&nbsp; He’s taking what I think he conceives of as a ‘realist’ stance, from someone immersed in the world of business and diplomacy. What i tried and failed to explain to him is that there’s a deeper kind of realism that comes from physics and chemistry, a kind of realphysics that will trump realpolitik.</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nocera ends his piece.</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">Maybe — just maybe — stopping the Keystone pipeline would be worth it if it really was going to change our behavior and help usher in the age of renewable energy. It would, indeed, be worth turning our backs on oil that we badly need and that is already making our country more secure and prosperous.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">But let’s be honest. It’s not going to change anyone’s behavior. If Keystone is ultimately blocked, the far more likely result is that everyone who opposed it will get to feel good about themselves while still commuting to work, alone, in their S.U.V.’s.</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Again, it’s clever but specious to turn this into an issue about changing our behavior.&nbsp; We need to leave most of the fossil fuels in the ground and that should start with the tar sands.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">McKibben writes:</p><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">The last paragraph is very unfair. ‘Everyone’ opposed to keystone is not commuting to work alone in their SUV; the people I’ve met in the course of this fight are the most spirited, engaged, sincere and lovely bunch of people I can imagine.</p></blockquote><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">But you know, you could add one more thing from me please:&nbsp; “Nocera at least heard the criticism of his column and circled back for another look. He didn’t reverse what he said, but he did soften his tone. And that’s good. This is complicated stuff if you’re new to it, the power of the status quo is strong, and over time our leading journalists are starting to figure it out. It wouldn’t surprise me if eventually he ended up where the New York Times editorial page arrived many months ago: understanding that Keystone really was an important part of the fight for a working planet.”</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hear!&nbsp; Hear!</p><div class="tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.15em; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: inline;">Tags:</h4>&nbsp;<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; display: inline;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.33em; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/tag/climate-change/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0.5em; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-left-radius: 6px; border-top-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;">Climate Change</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.33em; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/tag/keystone-xl/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0.5em; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-top-left-radius: 6px; border-top-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;">Keystone XL</a></li></ul></div><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><font color="#ff0000">bogus XL study</font></b></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On Thursday,&nbsp;<a href="http://press.ihs.com/press-release/energy-power-media/ihs-study-keystone-xl-pipeline-would-have-no-material-impact-us-gre" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">an industry research firm announced</a>&nbsp;a new&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ihs.com/images/CERA-Insight-Keystone-Emissions-Aug-2013.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">study</a>&nbsp;predicting that construction of the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline would have “no material impact” greenhouse gas emissions. But while proponents and media outlets quickly reported on this “independent study,” the for-profit energy research firm behind the report is anything but independent.</p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The findings contradict a&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nrdc.org/media/2013/130723.asp" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">July study</a>&nbsp;by the <b>Natural Resources Defense Council, </b>which found that over its 50-year life, the pipeline would add 1.2 billion metric tons more carbon pollution than if it carried conventional crude — more than every car in the United States releases into the air annually. The Environmental Protection Agency, in criticizing an earlier State Department analysis,&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/04/22/1905321/epa-slams-states-draft-impact-statement-for-keystone-xl/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">warned</a>that much more information is needed in order to accurately predict what impact the pipeline may have on the environment.</p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">IHS is an information company that provides research for a variety of companies, at a fee. Its Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA) division&nbsp;<a href="https://globalsso.ihs.com/KeystoneSTS/SSOLogin/Login.aspx?theme=IGI&altertheme=CERA&ReturnUrl=https%3a%2f%2fglobalsso.ihs.com%2fKeystoneSTS%2fKSFed%2fDefault.aspx%3ftheme%3dIGI%26altertheme%3dCERA" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">calls itself</a>&nbsp;“a leading advisor to international energy companies, governments, financial institutions, and technology providers.”</p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>To complete the Keystone XL study, IHS CERA relied on a “base of knowledge” from several oil sands dialogue studies, a spokesman told ThinkProgress. Among the stakeholders participating in the company’s 2012 focus group on greenhouse emissions from oil sands, he noted, were several oil companies and trade associations — many with a direct stake in the pipeline. These included the<a href="http://www.api.org/news-and-media/news/newsitems/2013/july-2013/api-launches-new-keystone-xl-advertising-campaign" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">American Petroleum Institute</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/03/keystone-xl-contractor-ties-transcanada-state-department" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">BP Canada</a>, Canadian Oil Sands Limited, Chevron Canada Resources, ConocoPhillips&nbsp;<a href="http://www.iosa.ca/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">In Situ Oil Sands Alliance</a>, Shell Canada,&nbsp;<a href="http://commodityhq.com/2012/how-to-profit-from-a-keystone-xl-pipeline-approval/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Suncor Energy Inc.</a>, and even the pipeline’s owner, the TransCanada Corporation.</b></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>In addition to consulting heavily with industry sources, the company relies on payments from these same companies. In addition to the payments IHS CERA receives from the energy companies who pay for its services, several sponsor and participate in its annual&nbsp;<a href="http://ceraweek.com/2013/agenda/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">CERAWeek executive conference</a>. Among the&nbsp;<a href="http://ceraweek.com/2013/sponsors/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">sponsors</a>&nbsp;of the 2013 conference in Houston were those likely to benefit from the pipeline: BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips and ExxonMobil. Top executives from the American Petroleum Institute, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, and BP are just a few of the interested parties who will be&nbsp;<a href="http://a1024.g.akamai.net/f/1024/13859/1d/ihsgroup.download.akamai.com/13859/events/cw2013/CW2013_BrochureV2_Web.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">participating</a>.</b></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the past, IHS CERA has been&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/13/423525/joe-nocera-wrong-unfair-keystone-xl-tar-sands-pipeline-mckibben-hansen-explain-why/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">criticized</a>&nbsp;for lack of transparency in its reports and for underestimating greenhouse emissions from tar sands oil. The IHS CERA&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/08/09/2442461/not-independent-keystone-xl-study/Daniel%20Yergin" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Vice Chairman</a>&nbsp;Daniel Yergin&nbsp;<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/06/10/496960/dan-yergin-dilemma-energy-reality-vs-climate-reality/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">celebrated</a>&nbsp;the great revival in oil and gas production in the United States in a 2012 New York Times while ignoring the climate change that it was helping to spur.</p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But while some reports correctly identified IHS CERA’s new Keystone XL study as coming from a “prominent energy industry consulting group,” others played it as a truly independent report. The Houston Chronicle&nbsp;<a href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/Keystone-XL-won-t-add-to-carbon-emissions-report-4719404.php" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">posted a story</a>&nbsp;Friday entitled, “Keystone XL won’t add to carbon emissions, report says: Independent study says Keystone would not add to greenhouse problem.” A <b>Fox Business&nbsp;</b><a href="http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2013/08/09/rejecting-keystone-will-have-little-to-no-impact-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">story</a>&nbsp;called the company “a prominent, independent energy research firm.”</p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>The Consumer Energy Alliance, an&nbsp;<a href="http://www.salon.com/2011/12/15/big_oil_and_canada_thwarted_u_s_carbon_standards/singleton/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">industry front group</a>, boasted on its<a href="http://buildkxlnow.org/archives/521" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">BuildKXLNow.org site</a></b>&nbsp;that an “independent study released today finds the Keystone XL pipeline will have ‘no material impact’ on Greenhouse gas emissions.” And Sen. John Hoeven (R-ND)&nbsp;<a href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/thomson-reuters/130809/report-says-keystone-pipeline-would-not-us-greenhouse-gas-emiss#1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">claimed</a>&nbsp;that “we have yet another study confirming” that Keystone XL “will have no significant impact on the environment.”</p><div class="tags" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.15em; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: inline;">Tags:</h4>&nbsp;<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; display: inline;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.33em; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/tag/climate-change/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0.5em; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-left-radius: 6px; border-top-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;">Climate Change</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.33em; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/tag/keystone-xl/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0.5em; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-left-radius: 6px; border-top-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;">Keystone XL</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.33em; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/tag/tar-sands/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0.5em; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-top-left-radius: 6px; border-top-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-right-radius: 6px; border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;">Tar Sands</a></li></ul></div><div class="tags" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; display: inline;"></ul></div><div class="tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24.75px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="meta share-expanded" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 14.399999618530273px; text-align: center; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;"><p class="date" style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(112, 109, 90); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px;">FRI AUG 09, 2013 AT 09:52 AM PDT</p><h2 style="text-align: left; margin: 0px auto 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 28px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal; width: 460px;"><a href="http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/08/09/1230076/-A-Few-Questions-on-the-New-IHS-CERA-Keystone-XL-Tar-Sands-Pipeline-Report" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); text-decoration: none;" id="titleHref">A Few Questions on the New IHS CERA Keystone XL Tar Sands Pipeline Report</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; white-space: nowrap;" /></h2><p class="author" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(229, 114, 30); display: inline-block;"><span style="text-align: left; margin: 8px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; display: block; text-indent: -9999px; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; background-image: url(http://images.dailykos.com/i/main/by.gif); float: left; height: 15px; width: 15px; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">by<a href="http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/08/09/1230076/-A-Few-Questions-on-the-New-IHS-CERA-Keystone-XL-Tar-Sands-Pipeline-Report#comments" class="comments comment_count_with_new" data-story_id="1230076" data-comment_count="2" style="white-space: nowrap; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); text-decoration: none; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12px; height: 15px; width: auto; background-image: url(http://www.dailykos.com/i/share_comments.png); margin: 0px !important; background-position: 0px 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">2 Comments / 2 New</a></span></p></div><div class="article-body" style="margin: 15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 14.399999618530273px; overflow: hidden; color: rgb(36, 36, 36); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;"><div id="intro" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;"><p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;"><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;"><a href="http://www.tigercomm.us/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(124, 71, 12); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">Tigercomm</a>.</i></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;">A&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ihs.com/products/cera/energy-report.aspx?ID=1065981860" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(124, 71, 12); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">new report by IHS CERA Insight</a>, entitled "KEYSTONE XL PIPELINE: NO MATERIAL IMPACT ON US GHG EMISSIONS," has been getting a good deal of attention for its bottom line conclusions that a) tar sands production growth is not dependent on construction of the Keystone XL tar sands export pipeline; and b) that the Keystone XL pipeline will not lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions. But are these conclusion accurate? We looked into the report, and came up with a number of questions we'd very much love to have answered promptly by IHS CERA.<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;" /></p></div><p class="divider-doodle" style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 40px 0px 0px; line-height: 1.4; background-image: url(http://images.dailykos.com/i/sub/featured/divider-doodle.gif); background-color: transparent; width: 640px; background-position: 50% 10px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;" /><div id="body" class="article-body" style="margin: 15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Should we be at all concerned that a previous report by IHS CERA on "<a href="http://a1024.g.akamai.net/f/1024/13859/1d/ihsgroup.download.akamai.com/13859/ihs/cera/The-Role-of-Canadian-Oil-Sands-in-US-Oil-Supply.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(124, 71, 12); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">The Role of Canadian Oil Sands in US Oil Supply</a>" claimed "to offer an independent assessment of the potential role of Canadian oil sands in future US oil supply," yet has a list of "report participants and reviewers" that includes almost exclusively those with vested interests in developing Canadian tar sands (e.g., the Alberta Department of Energy, the American Petroleum Institute, the Canadian Oil Sands Trust, the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Conoco Phillips, Devon Energy, Marathon, Statoil Canada, Suncor, and TransCanada itself)?<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Should the fact that IHS CERA runs what it calls the "<a href="http://www.ihs.com/products/cera/energy-industry/oil-sands-dialogue.aspx?ocid=cera-osd:energy:print:0001#tab-5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(124, 71, 12); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">Canadian Oil Sands Energy Dialogue</a>" comprised heavily of those same tar sands and fossil fuel interests, and which holds regular meetings of "oil sands stakeholders," some of whom even get to review "draft versions" of their reports, add to our concerns?<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Is there any good reason for IHS CERA to be so opaque regarding who funds their tar sands "research" and reports?<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *With regard to the previous three bullet points, is there any connection between the overwhelmingly pro-tar-sands slant of the report's participants and its conclusion, which is that tar sands (it euphemistically likes to call them "oil sands") development is a great thing that should be encouraged, even subsidized/supported by government, and that it does "not have to be at odds with the environment?"<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *In short, &nbsp;is it all a mere coincidence that IHS &nbsp;CERA - the same outfit that has&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ihs.com/products/cera/energy-industry/oil-sands-dialogue.aspx" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(124, 71, 12); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">churned out a long series of reports</a>about how Keystone will deliver energy security, lower gasoline prices,&nbsp;more jobs, etc. - has now come out with a new report, by the same "analysts," yet again concluding (surprise!) that the Keystone XL pipeline would not have an adverse environmental impact, at least with regard to greenhouse gas emissions?<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Does the fact that the lead authors of the report, Jackie Forrest and Aaron Brady, have been long-time oil industry consultants - in Forrest's case, specializing in tar sands and refining - affect the conclusions of their report in any way? &nbsp; Also, why is it that the authors' full bios are not included in their latest report?<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Are the IHS CERA folks being just a wee bit too optimistic on the prospects for rail transport of tar sands exports, especially given the recent oil train disaster in Lac-Megantic, Quebec, which killed 50 people?<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Finally, does there appear to be an odd, internal, logical contradiction in this latest IHS CERA report? On the one hand, Canadian and other tar sands interests have been pushing hard for the Keystone XL pipeline, arguing that it's essential for development of Canadian tar sands resources. Yet now, those same folks are basically saying, forget all that, it doesn't really matter whether Keystone XL is built or not, the tar sands will be developed regardless (and thus, their conclusion that the Keystone XL pipeline will have no impact on greenhouse gas emissions or tar sands output). Odd.<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4;">We eagerly await a response to our questions (but are not holding our breath) from IHS CERA.</p></div></div></div><div class="tags" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 14.399999618530273px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;"><h4 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.1; color: rgb(112, 109, 90); font-family: 'IM Fell English', serif; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase; text-indent: -9999px; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; background-image: url(http://images.dailykos.com/i/tabbed/feature/tags.png); background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">TAGS</h4></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">=</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div id="siteSub" style="display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">&nbsp;Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;" /><div id="contentSub" style="font-size: 10.399999618530273px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em 1em; color: rgb(125, 125, 125); width: auto; font-family: sans-serif;" /><div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump" style="overflow: hidden; height: 0px; zoom: 1; margin-top: -1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#mw-navigation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" /></div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><b>Cambridge Energy Research Associates</b>&nbsp;(<b>CERA</b>) is a consulting company in the United States that specializes in advising governments and private companies on&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy" title="Energy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">energy</a>&nbsp;markets, geopolitics, industry trends, and strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a></sup>&nbsp;CERA has research and consulting staff across the globe and covers the oil, gas, power, and coal markets worldwide.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;">The company was founded in 1983 by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Pulitzer Prize</a>&nbsp;winning author&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Yergin" title="Daniel Yergin" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Daniel Yergin</a>&nbsp;and James Rosenfield. Comprising experts from many fields within the energy industry, CERA was acquired by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHS_Inc." title="IHS Inc." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">IHS</a>&nbsp;Energy in 2004. In 2009 it modified its name to&nbsp;<b>IHS Cambridge Energy Research Associates</b>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<b>IHS CERA</b>&nbsp;as part of the IHS brand integration in which name changes also took place for other endorsed brands under IHS, including IHS&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_Information_Group" title="Jane's Information Group" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Jane's</a>, IHS&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Insight" title="Global Insight" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Global Insight</a>, IHS&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EViews" title="EViews" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">EViews</a>, and IHS Herold.</p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); padding: 7px; font-size: 12px; display: inline-block; zoom: 1;"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 12px; display: inline;">Contents</h2>&nbsp;<span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 11.199999809265137px;">&nbsp;[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#CERAWeek" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">CERAWeek</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#Peak_oil" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Peak oil</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#Leadership" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Leadership</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="CERAWeek">CERAWeek</span><span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: -0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: CERAWeek" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: CERAWeek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit<span class="ve-tabmessage-appendix" style="font-size: 0.7em; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.43em; padding-left: 0.5em; background-image: none !important; display: inline !important;">beta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: -0.25em; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;">Some of the company's largest clients include international energy companies, energy consumers, governments, utilities, technology companies, and financial institutions. Many of them attend "CERAWeek", the company's annual conference held at the Hilton Americas Hotel in&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,Texas" title="Houston, Texas" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Houston, Texas</a>. Daily programs usually revolve around the topics of oil, natural gas, electric power, renewables, and technology.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;">Past keynote speeches have been given by the energy secretaries and ministers of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Saudi Arabia</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Iraq</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mexico</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway" title="Norway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Norway</a>, and the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United States</a>. Other notable speakers have included former&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Rubin" title="Robert Rubin" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Robert Rubin</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United States Secretary of Energy</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman" title="Samuel Bodman" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Samuel Bodman</a>, former<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Colorado</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Senator</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Hart" title="Gary Hart" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Gary Hart</a>; former&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United States Secretary of Commerce</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_L.Evans" title="Donald L. Evans" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font color="#ff0000">Donald L. Evans</font></a>; former&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Chairman" title="Federal Reserve Chairman" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Federal Reserve Chairman</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alan Greenspan</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Microsoft</a>CEO&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Steve Ballmer</a>, and former Secretary General of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">OPEC</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilwanu_Lukman" title="Rilwanu Lukman" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Rilwanu Lukman</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;">CERA also manages the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_Capital_Costs_Index" title="Upstream Capital Costs Index" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Upstream Capital Costs Index</a>.</p><h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Peak_oil">Peak oil</span><span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: -0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Peak oil" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Peak oil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit<span class="ve-tabmessage-appendix" style="font-size: 0.7em; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.43em; padding-left: 0.5em; background-image: none !important; display: inline !important;">beta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: -0.25em; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font color="#ff0000">As the controversy over&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">peak oil</a>&nbsp;intensified in 2006, CERA found itself on the optimistic side of predictions</font>, forecasting that a peak would not occur before 2030, and this would not be a "peak" but rather an "undulating plateau".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a></sup>&nbsp;This opinion has been met with criticism by those who believe a peak has already occurred or is imminent. ASPO-USA described CERA's position as having a credibility problem.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a></sup>&nbsp;Chris Skrebowski considered the CERA report to be a polemic that confused stocks and flows.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;">In June 2008, Daniel Yergin said that markets have helped fuel a "shortage psychology" that the world is "running out of oil". He also described $120–$150 per barrel as the "break point" for oil, the point where demand erosion would affect the price rise.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[5]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;">CERA researchers have predicted in September 2009 that peak demand has come and gone in the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD" title="OECD" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">OECD</a>&nbsp;world, likely sometime in 2005. This is not, however, in agreement with peak oil, which is more on the extraction and production side. CERA continues to believe that there is plenty of oil under ground. In predicting peak demand in developed countries, CERA states that long-term demand is softening as a result of demographic and socioeconomic changes in developed countries (such as the aging of OECD populations), improved transportation efficiency, and encroachment by substitutes such as biofuels and natural gas.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[6]</a></sup></p><h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Leadership">Leadership</span><span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: -0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Leadership" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Leadership" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit<span class="ve-tabmessage-appendix" style="font-size: 0.7em; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.43em; padding-left: 0.5em; background-image: none !important; display: inline !important;">beta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: -0.25em; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Yergin" title="Daniel Yergin" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Daniel Yergin</a>, Chairman</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">James Rosenfield, Co-Founder</li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: -0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit<span class="ve-tabmessage-appendix" style="font-size: 0.7em; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.43em; padding-left: 0.5em; background-image: none !important; display: inline !important;">beta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: -0.25em; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></h2><div class="reflist" style="font-size: 11.199999809265137px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; font-size: 11.199999809265137px; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">^{</a></b></span>&nbsp;}<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihs.com/about/index.aspx" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"About IHS"</a>. IHS CERA. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-06-04</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Energy+Research+Associates&rft.btitle=About+IHS&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihs.com%2Fabout%2Findex.aspx&rft.pub=IHS+CERA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">^{</a></b></span>&nbsp;}<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Jackson, Peter (11/4/2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cera.com/aspx/cda/client/report/report.aspx?KID=5&CID=10720" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"The Future of Global Oil Supply: Understanding the Building Blocks"</a>. IHS CERA.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Energy+Research+Associates&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+Global+Oil+Supply%3A+Understanding+the+Building+Blocks&rft.date=11%2F4%2F2009&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cera.com%2Faspx%2Fcda%2Fclient%2Freport%2Freport.aspx%3FKID%3D5%26CID%3D10720&rft.pub=IHS+CERA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">^{</a></b></span>&nbsp;}<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Andrews, Steve; Udall, Randy (2008-02-19).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energybulletin.net/node/26270" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"CERA’s peak oil critique has a credibility problem"</a>. ASPO-USA.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Energy+Research+Associates&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Steve&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.au=Udall%2C+Randy&rft.btitle=CERA%E2%80%99s+peak+oil+critique+has+a+credibility+problem&rft.date=2008-02-19&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energybulletin.net%2Fnode%2F26270&rft.pub=ASPO-USA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">^{</a></b></span>&nbsp;}<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Skrebowski, Chris (2006-12-06).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.globalpublicmedia.com/an_open_letter_to_cera_from_chris_skrebowski" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"An open letter to CERA from Chris Skrebowski"</a>. Global Public Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-06-04</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Energy+Research+Associates&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.aulast=Skrebowski&rft.au=Skrebowski%2C+Chris&rft.btitle=An+open+letter+to+CERA+from+Chris+Skrebowski&rft.date=2006-12-06&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.globalpublicmedia.com%2Fan_open_letter_to_cera_from_chris_skrebowski&rft.pub=Global+Public+Media&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">^{</a></b></span>&nbsp;}<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Smith, Aaron (2008-06-28).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/2008/06/25/news/economy/jec_oil/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Oil speculation: The great debate"</a>.&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNNMoney.com" title="CNNMoney.com" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">CNNMoney.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-06-04</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Energy+Research+Associates&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.au=Smith%2C+Aaron&rft.btitle=Oil+speculation%3A+The+great+debate&rft.date=2008-06-28&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2008%2F06%2F25%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Fjec_oil%2Findex.htm&rft.pub=CNNMoney.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">^{</a></b></span>&nbsp;}<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Brady, Aaron (September 29, 2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihs.com/products/cera/energy-report.aspx?id=106592338" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Peak Oil Demand in the Developed World: It's Here"</a>. IHS CERA.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Energy+Research+Associates&rft.au=Brady%2C+Aaron&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.btitle=Peak+Oil+Demand+in+the+Developed+World%3A+It%27s+Here&rft.date=September+29%2C+2009&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihs.com%2Fproducts%2Fcera%2Fenergy-report.aspx%3Fid%3D106592338&rft.pub=IHS+CERA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></li></ol></div><h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: -0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit<span class="ve-tabmessage-appendix" style="font-size: 0.7em; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.43em; padding-left: 0.5em; background-image: none !important; display: inline !important;">beta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: -0.25em; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cera.com/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Cambridge Energy Research Associates home page</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceraweek.com/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">CERAWeek: CERA's Annual Executive Conference</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cera.ecnext.com/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">CERA News, Events and Reports</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoildrum.com/node/3627" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Reflections on historical accuracy of CERA predictions</a></li></ul><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;">
</p><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="font-size: 11.199999809265137px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: 850.7999877929688px; margin: auto; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 1px; background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-spacing: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" id="collapsibleTable0" style="font-size: 11.199999809265137px; width: 848px; border-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="collapseButton" style="float: right; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 6em;">[<a id="collapseButton0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates#" style="text-decoration: none; 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color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Jane's</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 736.7999877929688px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_Airport_Review" title="Jane's Airport Review" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Jane's Airport Review</a></i></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i>Jane's Defence Industry</i></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_Defence_Weekly" title="Jane's Defence Weekly" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Jane's Defence Weekly</a></i></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_Intelligence_Review" title="Jane's Intelligence Review" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Jane's Intelligence Review</a></i></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i>Jane's Intelligence Weekly</i></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_International_Defence_Review" title="Jane's International Defence Review" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Jane's International Defence Review</a></i></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i>Jane's Islamic Affairs Analyst</i></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i>Jane's Missiles and Rockets</i></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i>Jane's Navy International</i></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i>Jane's Police Review</i></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i>Jane's Terrorism and Security Monitor</i></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><i>Jane's Transport Finance</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 2px;"><td /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 255); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Other Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 736.7999877929688px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">IHS Automotive</li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><strong class="selflink">CERA</strong></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">IHS Chemical</li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">IHS Consulting</li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">IHS Emerging Energy Research</li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EViews" title="EViews" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">EViews</a></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairplay(magazine)" title="Fairplay (magazine)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Fairplay</a></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Insight" title="Global Insight" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Global Insight</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">IHS Global Scenerios</li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlobalSpec" title="GlobalSpec" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">GlobalSpec</a></li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">Herold</li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">iSuppli</li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">McCloskey</li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">Environmental, Health and Safety & Sustainability</li>&nbsp;<li style="margin: 0px; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Digest" title="Screen Digest" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Screen Digest</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Categories</a>:&nbsp;<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Think_tanks_established_in_1983" title="Category:Think tanks established in 1983" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Think tanks established in 1983</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1983_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1983 establishments in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1983 establishments in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Think_tanks_based_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Think tanks based in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Think tanks based in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Peak_oil" title="Category:Peak oil" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Peak oil</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">==</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>