SHAC-7

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">eco-terr pages won't save/ format?</font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></div><div><a href="https://theintercept.com/2019/12/12/animal-people-documentary-shac-protest-terrorism/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://theintercept.com/2019/12/12/animal-people-documentary-shac-protest-terrorism/</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">How the Prosecution of Animal Rights Activists as Terrorists Foretold Today’s Criminalization of Dissent</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Natasha Lennard</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 12 2019, 6:00 a.m.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“YOU SEE THE train coming, but it hits you anyway,” said animal rights activist Josh Harper. “They just went down the list and it was ‘guilty as charged,’ ‘guilty as charged,’ ‘guilty as charged’ — every defendant, every count.” This is how, in the new documentary film “The Animal People,” Harper describes learning that he and his five co-defendants had been convicted on terrorism charges by a federal jury in 2006 for their involvement in animal rights struggle. The train was an apt metaphor for a case in which the government’s approach was indeed as grimly predictable as a commuter rail schedule, but nonetheless delivered a violent and shocking blow to the defendants, their movement, and those who believed in free speech rights in this country.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">How a Movement That Never Killed Anyone Became the FBI’s No. 1 Domestic Terrorism Threat]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The convicted activists were members of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty, known as SHAC, a decentralized animal rights movement that spread across the U.K. and U.S. from the late 1990s into the mid-2000s. The movement took aim at the notorious animal testing lab company Huntingdon Life Sciences, which did contract work for corporations. SHAC organized a potent direct-action campaign, which, at a number of points, threatened to shutter the huge testing corporation by driving investors to disaffiliate and divest. The tactics were diverse, from spreading information on animal cruelty, to holding demonstrations, to the occasional act of property damage. In response to SHAC activity, the FBI in 2005 deemed the animal liberation movement to be America’s No. 1 domestic terrorism threat. This, despite the fact that not a single human or animal was injured by SHAC activity in the country.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The Animal People,” which is available on demand as of this week, focuses on the story of Harper and his co-defendants, all of whom were convicted under spurious charges of conspiracy to commit terrorism — though none of whom were found to have participated directly in any illegal acts. These were activists who attended raucous but legal protests, shared publicly available information about corporations on their website, and celebrated and supported militant actions taken in the name of the SHAC campaign. That is, they were convicted as terrorists for speech activity.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Each member of the so-called SHAC 7 — there were originally seven defendants before charges were dropped against one — has served their sentence and been out of prison for eight or more years. The broader militant campaign to close Huntingdon Life Science has long been inactive. Revisiting their case now, however, is a worthwhile exercise for understanding the extent to which the supposed rule of law can be bent in the interests of corporate power and its attendant servants in politics.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The story that began to emerge was one of how corporations and the government circled their wagons to stop this campaign before it became a blueprint for other activist communities to apply in their own movements.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The SHAC 7 case is a lesson in how legal instruments can be deployed to shut down dissent. At a time of renewed criminalization of protest activity nationwide, the so-called green scare stands as a worrying benchmark for the repression of political speech and the re-coding of protesters as criminals and terrorists. The capricious application of conspiracy charges — which we have seen recently deployed against protesters from Black Lives Matter advocates to Standing Rock water protectors — was mastered in the SHAC 7 prosecution. But “The Animal People” doesn’t only emphasize the excesses of the corporate-state power nexus; it recalls the passionate moral commitments of the SHAC members, and reminds us of a potent protest strategy and set of tactics, which I for one would happily see deployed again.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We came across the story of the SHAC indictment and prosecution as we were researching another project and the high-level narrative as we understood it seemed so draconian — six activists indicted as terrorists for free speech activity,” Casey Suchan, the co-director of “The Animal People,” told me. “The SHAC campaign was strategic and effective and mobilized people globally. It nearly succeeded in shutting down the target of its campaign, Huntingdon Life Sciences, several times. The story that began to emerge was one of how corporations and the government circled their wagons to stop this campaign before it became a blueprint for other activist communities to apply in their own movements.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">THE FIRST HALF of the film traces the rise of what seemed, at certain times, to be an “unstoppable” movement. What began as a series of protests in the U.K. soon spread to the U.S., as activists in cities across the country took it upon themselves to confront Huntingdon-affiliated companies and shareholders. Some of the most committed organizers spent hours on complicated research into Huntingdon’s financial infrastructure, following the money to find any and every chokepoint on which to put pressure: be it the major banks and insurance firms propping up the company, or even the janitorial services contracted by a given Huntingdon lab. The information about potential targets was then shared on the SHAC website for activists to use as they saw fit.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Residents are seen in the village of San Jose, Impasugong town in&nbsp; Bukidnon province Mindanao, June 14, 2019.&nbsp; Hundreds of families from the tribe of Manobo-Higaonon were displaced when their houses were demolished in July 2018 by local security men following a court order in favour of a businessman occupying 307 hectares of their ancestral domain.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[Related</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">More Than 160 Environmental Defenders Were Killed in 2018, and Many Others Labeled Terrorists and Criminals]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The SHAC model, as it became known, worked by making the protests personal. Instead of simply marching in front of Huntingdon property, SHAC went to the homes, communities, and places of leisure frequented by people with even secondary connections to the testing lab. The goal was to make any association with Huntingdon intolerable. Time after time, it worked: According to SHAC, over 200 affiliates abandoned Huntingdon in response to their campaign; even the FBI claimed the number is over 100, stating, baselessly, that the other companies who disaffiliated at that time had other reasons.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I understand why home demonstrations and personal targeting is so controversial,” Harper, a soft-spoken man with warm eyes, a round face, and “care” tattooed on his knuckles, explains on camera. “But when you take a billionaire like Warren Stephens” — an investment bank CEO — “he’s got this tremendous amount of comfort.” The activists then imposed themselves on the targets: “Every time he plays golf, there you are; when he goes out shopping, there you are; and when he comes home, there you are.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SHAC tactics were, as any radical political experiment necessarily is, imperfect. Under the campaign’s banner, some activists exposed the names of children of targeted executives —&nbsp; an outlier action, to be sure, but one that visibly still haunts a number of the SHAC defendants in the documentary. The prosecution also made much of the publication on the SHAC website of such information, even though the defendants had no direct involvement. (In the only incident of human harm associated with the movement to shut Huntingdon down, U.K. activists at one point assaulted CEO Brian Cass.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Skepticism also hovers around the decision to focus wholly on closing Huntingdon, given the prevalence of abusive animal testing. The idea had only been to start with the company, which had already come under public scorn following the release undercover video footage of animal abuse in their labs (parts of which are replayed in “The Animal People”). The activists had planned to win against HLS and expand from there; the biochemical and pharmaceutical industry, with the weight of the federal government behind them, ensured otherwise. Huntingdon has since changed its name to the banal and faux-Latinate “Envigo.”</font></div><div>
</div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Simply because we didn’t close Huntingdon doesn’t disqualify the tactics,” Andy Stepanian, former SHAC 7 defendant (and a personal friend), told me. “The question instead becomes: When should those tactics be deployed and with what frequency? And is it always right?”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The Animal People” covers Stepanian’s youthful activism, his trial, and conviction, but does not include the fact that he spent the last five months of his three-year prison sentence inside a highly restrictive unit known as “Little Gitmo,” even though he had no significant disciplinary record. Stepanian’s brutal prison experience did not, however, lead him to disavow his activism or SHAC’s diversity of tactics. In “The Animal People,” we meet Stepanian as a doe-eyed punk kid, his car constantly running out of gas. He’s now a father, the founder of grassroots nonprofit Sparrow Media, and the vice president of Balestra Media, which advises progressive communications campaigns. And yet he’s no less doe-eyed, punk, or committed: “These tactics worked then, and they’ll work again,” he says in the documentary.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The Animal People,” along with most every decent retelling of the SHAC 7 case, makes clear that the six individuals indicted on terror charges were fall guys in the government’s scrambling attempt to put a stop to a movement, which was, against all odds, bringing major corporations to heel. “Corporations get to do what they want — that’s a rule in our society,” Lauren Gazzola, a former SHAC 7 defendant with a robust knowledge of constitutional law, tells the filmmakers. “We challenged the right of this corporation to exist.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">THE STORY OF who gets to be a labeled a “terrorist” in this country reflects the ideological underpinnings behind government policy and law. Under the Animal Enterprise Protection Act, expanded in 2006 into the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, a terrorist is someone who intentionally damages or causes the loss of property — including freeing animals — used by the animal enterprise, or conspires to do so. It is an obscene state sanctification of corporate private property over life.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Given that the aim of any boycott or anti-corporate advocacy campaign is for the targeted corporation to incur losses, the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act sits at odds with the alleged constitutional protection of those activities. Without this terror statute in place, throwing bricks through windows, freeing test animals, or spray painting “puppy killer” on an executive’s car would still be a crime (though perhaps still morally justifiable). Labeling these acts as terrorism served to deter activists with hefty sentences and sway public opinion during the post-9/11 era of terror panic. The rhetorical shift justified extreme government tactics. According to investigative journalist Will Potter, who offers expert commentary throughout the documentary, at the time the FBI dedicated more wiretaps to SHAC than any other counterterrorism investigation in history. The activists were eventually arrested in their homes at gunpoint.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The animal rights movement has really been the canary in the coal mine when it comes to modern government repression of activist campaigns.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As I have written, the current pattern in law enforcement of labeling protests as “riots,” invoking slippery statutes of collective liability, and attempting to justify harsher crackdowns are all troubling for the same reason.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Over a decade after the SHAC trial, efforts from lawmakers like Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, to have “antifa” labeled a “terrorist organization” — despite not even being an organization — follow this frightening precedent. Meanwhile, the government’s successful use of conspiracy charges in the SHAC case made clear how far that legal doctrine can be stretched, even to the point of decimating First Amendment-protected speech.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The free speech issues at hand in the SHAC 7’s case are all the more stark given the government’s ongoing failure to address rampant, organized, and deadly white supremacist violence. While the courts said that the SHAC 7’s speech activity met the standard of “producing imminent lawless action,” organizers of the 2017 Unite the Right Rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, explicitly planned online for their vile event to involve racist, fascist violence. The Unite the Right organizers’ speech, it seems, did not meet the “imminence” standard that was set so low in the case of animal rights supporters.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That’s not an argument for more use of the conspiracy doctrine. Instead, it shows the importance of Gazzola’s statement in “The Animal People” that the First Amendment is a rule, and “if the law is an instrument of power, it doesn’t matter what the rules say.” This was true long before the Trump era but grows ever more pernicious in the face of a government driven towards fascistic nationalism and pushing in far-right federal judges.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“The animal rights movement has really been the canary in the coal mine when it comes to modern government repression of activist campaigns</b>,” the film’s co-director Denis Henry Hennelly told me by email. The sentiment was echoed by Potter, the journalist. “This is the new playbook for the criminalization of dissent,” he told me. “I’ve already seen it applied to other social movements, both here in the U.S. and internationally. In the years since the trial, though, it has only become more prescient.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FOR VIEWERS WITH little to no knowledge of this history of animal liberation struggle and its repression, “The Animal People” offers a compelling primer, organized through archival protest footage, old home videos of some of the SHAC 7 defendants, interviews with legal experts and investigative journalists, one smug businessman who was targeted by a SHAC campaign, and more recent interviews with the former defendants. As with any 90-minute film, the story the directors, Suchan and Hennelly, chose to tell is only one slice of an international and dispersed movement’s history. But for a documentary with some Hollywood backing — animal lover Joaquin Phoenix is an executive producer — “The Animal People” stands uncomplicatedly on the side of the SHAC defendants and doesn’t dampen their anti-capitalist message.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For Stepanian, this element of animal liberation and the necessary connection with anti-capitalist environmental activism can’t be forgotten. “In terms of the direct-action animal liberation movement today, it’s largely impotent compared to the time period of the SHAC campaign, because most messaging falls squarely in what is safe within the framework of capitalism: Much of the activity revolves around better consumer choices,” Stepanian told me. “I’d like to see another campaign with a lens critical of capitalism, which understands that it is this socioeconomic system which rewards the worst practices when it comes to the treatment of animals as resources, and rewards rapacious attitudes towards the environment.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The film closes with a montage of uprisings, from students in Hong Kong, to the gilets jaunes in France, to Black Lives Matter activists in the U.S., and marchers for liberation in Palestine. It’s a minimal gesture toward intersectionality in a film that underplays the aspects of SHAC that were dedicated to shared struggle. “It’s not OK to be singular in your solidarity; justice and liberation for all life is paramount,” Stepanian told me, recalling how, prior to his indictment, he went on two organizing road trips with former Black Liberation Army member Ashanti Alston. “We are all intersectional activists,” he said of his former co-defendants.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jake Conroy of the SHAC 7, who joined one of the road trips, comments near the film’s end: “It’s not just about earth liberation, it’s not just about human liberation, and it’s not just about animal liberation. It’s about collective liberation.”</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">ref</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2019/03/23/ecoterrorism-fbi-animal-rights/">
</a></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2019/03/23/ecoterrorism-fbi-animal-rights/">https://theintercept.com/2019/03/23/ecoterrorism-fbi-animal-rights/</a></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">---</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2011/07/little_gitmo_author_speaks_to.html">http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2011/07/little_gitmo_author_speaks_to.html</a></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">potter</font></div><div><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;SHAC 7 were convicted on “animal enterprise terrorism” charges for campaigning to shut down a notorious animal testing lab, Huntingdon Life Sciences.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Huntingdon Life Sciences has labs in New Jersey and England, and five undercover investigations have shown workers punching beagle puppies in the face, dissecting live monkeys and falsifying scientific data. Activists with Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty, an international organization, set out to close the lab using tactics similar to the anti-apartheid movement: they pressured business associated with the lab to sever ties, in what the government has called “tertiary targeting.”</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The “terrorist” campaign of the SHAC 7 didn’t involve anthrax, pipe bombs, or a plot to hijack an airplane. They ran a website. On that website, they posted news about the campaign — legal actions like protests and illegal actions like stealing animals from labs — and unabashedly supported all of it. Since the federal government has largely been unable catch groups like the Animal Liberation Front and Earth Liberation Front, prosecutors went after lawful activists in the spotlight. (For a detailed look at the case: “<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/tag/herbivore-magazine-article-on-the-shac-7/925/" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">The World Takes? How corporations and politicians turned animal rights activists into terrorists</a>.”)</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The SHAC 7 is a landmark First Amendment case that will test how far the government can push “terrorism” rhetoric in order to pursue a political agenda and silence speech.. The case was&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/recap-of-the-stop-huntingdon-animal-cruelty-terrorism-appeal-in-philadelphia/904/" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">heard before the Third Circuit Court of Appeals</a>, and it is now pending before the Supreme Court of the United States.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The activists were convicted under the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/aepa" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Animal Enterprise Protection Act</a>. The law has since been expanded into the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/tag/animal-enterprise-terrorism-act" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act</a>.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Here are some recent articles about the SHAC 7:</font></strong></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">jailed for talking about wasting toner?!</font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></div><div><ol class="mw-references references" id="mwJw" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li about="#cite_note-3" id="cite_note-3" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><a href="https://wikimili.com/en/Black_fax#cite_ref-3" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwPw" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; word-break: break-word !important;"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwQA" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></a><span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-3" class="mw-reference-text" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><cite class="citation web" about="#mwt7" data-mw="{" parts="parts" template="template" target="target" wt="wt" cite="cite" web="web" href="href" template:cite_web="Template:Cite_web" params="params" title="title" hackers="Hackers" turn="turn" to="to" apos="apos" low-tech="low-tech" fax="fax" in="in" protesting="protesting" cybercrime="cybercrime" law="law" url="url" http="http" www.gmanetwork.com="www.gmanetwork.com" news="News" scitech="scitech" technology="technology" hackers-turn-to-low-tech-fax-in-protesting-cybercrime-law="hackers-turn-to-low-tech-fax-in-protesting-cybercrime-law" story="story" website="website" gma="GMA" accessdate="accessdate" june="June" date="date" october="October" i="i" id="mwQQ" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit;" xmlns:template="template"><a rel="mw:ExtLink" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/technology/277122/hackers-turn-to-low-tech-fax-in-protesting-cybercrime-law/story/" class="external text" id="mwQg" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; word-break: break-word !important;">"Hackers turn to 'low-tech' fax in protesting cybercrime law"</a>.&nbsp;<i id="mwQw" style="box-sizing: border-box;">GMA News</i>. October 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwRA" style="box-sizing: border-box;">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" id="mwRQ" style="box-sizing: border-box;">15 June</span>&nbsp;2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Hackers+turn+to+%27low-tech%27+fax+in+protesting+cybercrime+law&rft.date=2012-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fscitech%2Ftechnology%2F277122%2Fhackers-turn-to-low-tech-fax-in-protesting-cybercrime-law%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+fax" class="Z3988" about="#mwt7" id="mwRg" style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></li><li about="#cite_note-4" id="cite_note-4" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><a href="https://wikimili.com/en/Black_fax#cite_ref-4" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwSA" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; word-break: break-word !important;">↑&nbsp;</a><span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-4" class="mw-reference-text" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Greenberg, Andy (November 30, 2012).&nbsp;<a rel="mw:ExtLink" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2012/11/30/anonymous-hackers-swat-at-syrian-government-websites-in-reprisal-for-internet-blackout/#1e8056ba707a" class="external text" id="mwSw" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; word-break: break-word !important;">"Anonymous Hackers Swat At Syrian Government Websites In Reprisal For Internet Blackout"</a>.&nbsp;<i id="mwTA" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwTQ" style="box-sizing: border-box;">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" id="mwTg" style="box-sizing: border-box;">15 June</span>&nbsp;2017</span>.</span></li></ol></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></font></font></div><div>
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</div><div><b>GREEN IS THE NEW RED&nbsp; WILL POTTER</b>&nbsp; 2011 City Lights</div><div>
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</div><div>leafletting Marsh insurance exec ( does biz with HLS) exec cul-desac sec guard starting videotaping them; they did back; guard testified they surrounded him using military commands p11 neighbor gives leaflet to cops as evidence; house had been vandalized some mos before; arrested but not told fopr what. 2 wks? later 2 FBI agents ask him to spy, say they can ruin his life p 13 girlfriend Kamber lose scholarship, they'll come visit her later; dad co-signed loan; name of boss. 14 if he does not cooperate by trial date, he'll be put on domestic terror watch list p13 doubt/fear creep in; afraid to tell co-defendents.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Stop Huntingdon Ani Cruel startd in UK riot, after a yr of trying to shut down beagle beeder (docile, small, like ppl) 20</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>ore atty grabbed for madrid bomb b/c of fingerprint screwup; used CS gas Saddam used on Kurds 21 grabbed a couple dogs and ran (other ppl used decoys); one guy held by police dog bite till grabbed; beat but inspired other actions, and the kennel /breeder closed; then cats</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>HLS exposed by mult undercvr opps kill 70-180k animals a year testing cleaners, cosmetics, pest etc for P&G, colgate palmolive 23; better defended by razr wire and lawyers.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Sen Jud cmtee hearings Animal Rights: activism vs criminality"; 2005? fbi dep asst dir for ctr-terr said alf/elf did 1100 crimes 110mil$ damage; ani rights and eco-terr is fbi's "highest domestic terror priority" 25</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>ani rights accustomed to charges, house search and computers taken. but now helicopters, guns, multi-agy task forces 25</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>WP does c&c to ashcroft press conf profile of terrorists w/ shac ppl </div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>FBI hires "Anna" to infiltrate prior to G-8 in GA;</b> romantic involvment w/ Eric McDavid got 20 yrs as terrorist 28* http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2008/june/ecoterror_063008 ??http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2006/january/elf012006</div><div>
</div><div>http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/mcdavid-sentenced/434/</div><div>
</div><div>http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/elle_anna/421/</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Despite press conf on 7 bad guys, no raise threat level' ridge says our job is go out enjoy this great country and "have some fun" 28</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>Rush called Harper a terr for throwing marine flares in front of whaler to disrupt hunt 29 </b>; had 100 agents fbi on his case, most wiretaps of any dom terr investigation 31; his gma calls to ask if he's a terr 32</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>ch 3</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>tough to define word; if too narrow not useful and if too broad can be used on anyone.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>no one agrees on def, even diff us agencies; patr act 2001 said any actitivites "dangerous to human life" intended to influence the gov't [odd? you'd think this wd go the other way? as WP observes later?]; so civil disobedience fits vague terms 37.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>...extended commentary on term/legal...</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>John Lewis fbi:</b> told WSJ no other movement has brought about so much violence, destruction and vandalism 45 but then wp give C&C to&nbsp; ex neo-nazi tried to buy sarin gas and C4 explosives [tried? sting?]; anti-abort Waagner sic stockpiled weapons, broke out of jail, sent 500 powder envelopes, assoc w/ Army of God 45</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>wm krar big bonb, 9 machine guns 60 pipe bombs and 100k ammo 45</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>antiabort did 24 assaults, 15/arson bomb; 1977-2009 8 murders 46 none classed by fbi as domstic terror; olympic bomber is but a lone wolf aberration; james powers homeland sec of penn says McVeigh not ter, just angry w/ gov't; terror criminal makes no diff [?] 47&nbsp; why no rt wing on list? WP says&nbsp; b/c rt wingers no not threaten profits (see analysis at end of bk).</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>FDn for Bio-Med research compiled list of crimes, only a person hurt and that was UK (pickaxe handles, cracked ribs, gash on head 48. many crimes in US involve pies 49</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>Geo Alexander hurt by spike,</b> but had prev complained of dangerous&nbsp; conditions at La-P and ignored; co wd not pay his medical bills; La-P put up 20K$ reward, but sherriff thinks it was neighbor trying to keep loggers off his land 49-50.&nbsp; http://dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/American_Liberty/message/13446</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Bari got 2 mil from fbi and another 2 mil from oakland 50</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Fran Tutt set up by Perceptions Int'l, set up by self appt expert Jan Reber; paid Sapone and Marc Mead to befriend; he was told by PI when to bring bomb to US Surgical 51-2.&nbsp; tape of tutt played at trial, but goadings etc left out 52 offers of $</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>HHS head Louis Sullivan condemed ani rights terr 55 1990</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>Arnold</b> pushed term in 80's but only circulated in freemkt niche; FBI head Freeh said not on radar but in june 1998 US House sub-comm "Acts of eco- terr by radical envrio orgs" Frank Riggs CA rep test that big stump, sawdust in office, locked to each other q tip then pepper spray (videotaped); trying to stop oldgrowth logging by Pacific lumber; rigss biggest recip of timber $ 56 (not brought up in testimony) ron arnolf test; staffer called "hate crimes"; earth1st infil Barry Clausen says anarchy and revol.&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Oct 1998 ELF burned vail and Freeh took notice; by 2000 a task froce before on africa embassy bombs and 1st WTC bomb redirected 58&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>911: Greg Walden Rep Ore; Wa Times "eco-al-Qaeda" ; ind groups had PR firms work terr term; Clorox hired Ketchum; a mon after 911 Nichols-D got stopecoviolence.com ngo front run by kelly stoner, exLA-pacific ??--> AP NYT 58. http://dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/American_Liberty/message/13446</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Travis Wagner res U of So maine found increased coverage but decrease in actual crimes 84-2006. 59</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>Soc for Toxicology</b> conf hired Info Network Assoc co to spy on seattle activists; found schools and dating&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Inkerman Gp id's threats including bumber stickers: ask me how 60</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>post 911 cops and press eager to do ctr-terror 60</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Anti-Def league make $ training cops</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>2003 arnold hired by Ark Terr Res Ctr w/ doj $ 61 paid to defeat the fake threat he created&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Op backfire portland&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Cavel West: BLM employees making $ from selling wild horses 90 young healthy 65</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>around mcg arrest, b2 secretly ok's warrantless spy on americans 69; mos later we found phone co's turning over our records, and sec ppl had offices in HQ's 70</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Wm Sullivan FBI domsst intel trying to get MLK said we may have to break law 71; Church Comm led to FISA 1978; in 25 yrs ct only nixed 4 requests, but b2 said too tight 71&nbsp; McGowen has been on list for yrs before b/c wrote to prisoners and org protests at gop conv. 72</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>FBI has 100 Jt task forces w/ local cops (vs fusion ctr that works with mult AGENCIES IN MULT JURISDICTIONS 72 OF THEM GOT 254 MILLION$ P 76 )&nbsp; DHS 1.6b$ for fusion? in 2006, has to ID potential threats&nbsp; TX found 2k F911 showed silly eg Peace Fresno</div><div>
</div><div>PETA and greenpeace claild peta conected to a/elf but even after infiltrate no charges 74</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Stephens INc (fur) hired PI Global Options to spy on shac&nbsp; BK hired Diplomatic Tactical Services to spy on student/farm alliAnce trying to help in FLA;&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>BBI hired Sapone to infil LA gp</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Josh Tulkin dep dir Chesapeake Climate Action Netowrk Maryland dtabase listed him as "terrorism-environmental extremeism" 77&nbsp; stete pol superint says fmr congr cand, puppet-maker and smeone who let anarchists use proprty for mtg fringe ppl who do not deserve 1st amend protection 77</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>shac ppl do deal, gov't does not want to expose activities b/c afrtaid on Church style 79 admit guilt but not name names shamrock, minaret, cointelpro</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>free cascadia 96 timber road block http://www.eco-action.org/dod/no6/cascadia.htm</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIQZY593YGw ??Pickaxe - The Cascadia Free State Story 90 min</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Pickaxe documents efforts to halt logging at Warner Creek, a federally protected forest in Oregon. Following a suspicious fire in 1991 that cleared the land, Congress suspended environmental regulations to allow logging in the area. Since arson was determined to be the cause of the fire, however, environmental activists argued that allowing logging at Warner Creek would set a bad example and possibly lead to similarly motivated forest fires. What followed was an 11-month battle complete with a 79-day hunger strike and an amazing blockade of a remote mountain logging road. This inspiring documentary shows the power of direct action, determination and good leadership.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>McG </b>pied Novartis ceo; went to "book club" mtg in SC 9/2000; burned Sup Lumber used helo to clearcut old growrth on puvlic land 86; pal Free Luers got 22 yrs for burning 3 SUV's 89&nbsp; McG arrest threated w/ prison in teror wing if no cooperate.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>SHAC chased HLS to NJ; used anti-apartheid tactics; in US exec found boulder on his car; son got mag Revolver 95</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">all movements have hard core, even gandhi; shac mistake was admitting sympathy&nbsp;</span></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Stephens inc was invest co; when Royal bank of scot pulled out of hls, it stepped in w/ $33mil emerg loan</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>stratfor</b> explains tripod strat: illegal, legal and sympathizers not involved. 97</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>dr spock convicted of conspiracy ; Harper anti-stephens speech seen as encouraging ppl to <b>harass w/ communication device [black fax?</b>]; said publish exec home info creates fear of bodily harm and used stalker law to bust; 10k emails read and 8300 ppl monitored 99 stickers and job applic at vegan rest evidence&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>punk music big recruit eg rod coronado 80's 101 but also part of DIY ethos. 101&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>HLS got delisted from stock xge in stages, and shac reseqrched arcane laws to keep pressure on; other co's and ind freaked; tried to use RICO laws, failed. so turned to 1992 ani enterprise protection act 103 (meat, fur, dairy, animal experiment lobbied for it). used only once on 2 guys that released mink; not tweaked/extended to reinterpret physical disruption" to loss of profits 104 on SHAC; 2 wks after stephens protest in little rock ark, gop sen tim hutchins intro'd bill to extend aepa w marion berry (both got steph $); eventually passed as part of bio-ter bill</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>HLS lawyer Mark Bibi worked w/ FBI and asst atty gen Chls McKenna 105</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Prosec made bold claim: past crimes, done by other ppl, against other targets can somehow be a a true threat in the future w/o meeting incitement st'd 108</span></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">shac had policy not to filter coverage of illegal acts b/c did not want to accused of censorship (questioned when veiled rape threat made) </span>110; judge forbade HLS ppl to talk about work, does not allow expert on experimentation to testify b/c it wd cause confusion 111 co-def had been charged ok, but not that dropped???</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">pros brought in hard core ppl to endorse shac in order to screw them (Vlasak); judge tossed prospective juror for being vegetarian, but allows mult ppl who worked for co's shac targetted 112 mar 2006 guilt all on all counts; Martosco said victory shd be extended to PETA etc</span></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>[freestate doc 44 min showed trench across road = destruction of fed prop, a felony] 54 this land is your land; then band punk; peter defazio staffer says pres cos panetta on bd?] 1996?&nbsp; light, fight then log</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>AETA dems invited Humane soc to test but declined b/c they feared for horse slaughter bill, that endores eco-terr wd be spun against them. ACLU too busy to fight</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>WP invited to congr test, but token 1 of 4, and the dem who invited hom FAVORED the bill 117 bobby scott</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>1987 UC davis&nbsp; vet lab burned; fbi used dom terr term 1st x ALF; corps used lang for long time, but now pushed for state level laws 2, 2 8 11 states. [ALEC?]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>fran tutt </b>only one convicted on fed charges, and she set up by corp; one alf conviction, 56 yo guy burgled 125 animals fron univ oregon, rabbits and hamsters 119 judged called it act of terr 120.</span></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>#1 claim in NYT and congr test is that ani rights ppl are violent, criminal terr 120</b></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>arson at ariz and tx univ --> dem howard helflin of ALa amedned ani welfare act to target ppl who rescue animals; tx followed chls stenholm 120</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>B2 wyngaarden ex NIH now off sci techn Pol had pushed for law since 85.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>1992 AEPA meant to deter and get more convictions; did neither 122, # acts had been decling; attempt to add block access derailed by abortion murder? efforts shifted from tweaking existing to long game; some called for death penalty, others a dtatabase like sex criminals "Hands off our Kids Act" `123</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Nat'l Animal Interest Alliance ed j walsh&nbsp; wanted "not-so-savage acts " like pies covered, used T word and hate124</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>next yr on 9/11 don young told ank daily news it might be a/elf</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>2002 stalled so went to ALEC 125 weyrich coined term moral maj for falwell; morph from hot button moral issues to corp shill cf expose by NRDC and Def of Wildlife&nbsp; http://www.alecwatch.org/report.html 2002?&nbsp; STATE lawmakers not well paid, some part time no staff, so percs look good 125 "scholarships"&nbsp; 98% $ corp of fdn (sisters?) 2000 5.69mil$ min 7k to 50K (wa , madison, TJ club) 126&nbsp; hire $ = more power (votes?)</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>corps have veto; cj comm co chair CCA; 1996 law to dereg utilities chair by koch 126 says got 450 laws 1999-2000 127pharma and agribiz big players; 2003 report by liddy bourne 127 (--> vp strat heartland) report says the problem began with darwin, section on ALF excludes 4th principle to take all steps to avoid harm to animals or humans 127 if not heard by burning bldgs "perhaps it may be heard by cutting threats" 127</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Patr act not good enough b/c req death or harm to human beings, so ALEC bill modeled on US Sportsman's alliance&nbsp; 1) expand to "deter" includes civil diso and document corp acts (even witnessing?!</span>) 128 can't photograph animal testing or slaughter w/ intent to defame&nbsp; 2) attacks suporting infrastructure, including publicizing , so if siera club has bake sale to help treesitters, terror ??30 registry: name addy, photo and signature pubic website 128 &nbsp; Tenn Niceley into bill, got news from Rush</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>bulls on: Az (vetoes by gov?) , Ark, CA, HI, missouri, maine, s caro, so dakota, tenn tex</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>n caro prof says eco-terr want to destroy civilization</div><div>
</div><div>NC Hoard Coble comm chair: wants to expand AEPA to cover 2nd and tert target co's; "physically disrupt" --> damaging or interfering with"&nbsp; ; prohibits any action that instills a "reasonable fear" of ppl connected to animal enterprises industry 131</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Brent McIntosh DOJ</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>glaxo exec siad hoax ask ID body, bottle beer to AA wife 132</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>jrnl balanced " stories, depend on official govt and corp sources 133</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>RED scare; HUUAC led to blacklists; 1950 McCarran act req registry of reds, opposed by Truman; congr overrode veto 134&nbsp; 1948 12 members cpusa bd members indicted for conspring to overthrow govy; terrorist replaces commie as demon term 135 makes fair trial hard. later: aclu passed res 1940's no reds in leader, pushed out Eliz Gurley Flynn; Nat Lawyer's Guild beat up for not name names, surv by FBI, HUAAC denouced, but hung tough on AETA 172</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>WO Douglas opposed chilling deterrent of free sp 135</div><div>
</div><div><b>arnold</b> ~ Hoot and <b>charlotte's web </b>136</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Adam Durand got 180 (max on 2 cts) days in jail 1500$ fine 100 hrs comm service for producing undercover doc on factory farms ** he did trespass? judge wanted to order destruction of video but cd not 2006</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>http://www.satyamag.com/dec06/edit.html</div><div>
</div><div>http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2006/05/18/18240341.php</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>WP test end urge use ltd anti-terr res protect life not profits 137</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>academic basso test on her experiments (she is later suspended by univ for pattern of violations) 137</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Bibo sent letter imaginging what if shac tactics directed to mining, oil timber etc 139</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Ch7; ppl who snitch in danger in prison 147</div><div>
</div><div><b>shac face 13 yrs in jail vs 21 murder, 8.5 sex, 6.5 arson</b> 151</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>harper gets 3 yrs, w/ pal ordered 1mil$ resitution to burned lab;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> shac get 2-3x time of ppl who did acts</span> * 154</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>stratfor </b>warned convictions of shac 7 would up activity</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Nov o6 MLK dedicated; in midterms demos got both houses;&nbsp; gop 6 co-</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;sponsors of AETA lost; duke c had resigned</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>but nat assoc for biomed res pushed; coord w/ another front Ani Ent Protection coalitionj: pharma, fur, beef 161 latter formed soley to lobby of aeta a front for fronts! </div><div>
</div><div>http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/internal-industry-documents-show-plans-for-labeling-activists-as-eco-terrorists-part-1-of-3/796/</div><div>
</div><div>NABR claimd incidents up 1k%, but counts civ dis, releasing burds in russia, wearing bunny suit for peta 161 college students handing out propaganda ??dangerous b/c "dmamging financial footing" 162</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>coalition scorecard showed 4 in senate; so rushed thru last biz day before recess by "unanimous consent" House had only 27 thus 6% yes gop controls both houses and prez ??AETA vote happens when most at mlk event; anti ppl did good capitol visit, vote sched for 6:30 pm but saw on tv happening at 2;30; public input bigtime ~ law; 5 guys on house floor&nbsp; passing bills asmebly line using obscure rule "suspension of the rules" which allows expedition of non-controversial issues: 40 min debate, up or down vote; most members dont show up, it's for naming bridges of praise of sport team win. jamesd sensenbrenner uses as front for Thomas Petri (sponsors) hawks from wisc, dairy and fur Am Vet Medic Assic&nbsp; http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Veterinary_Medical_Association</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>That's the message that Dr. Ron DeHaven, chief executive officer of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and a former head of the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, delivers in a new video which can be viewed on www.avmatv.org, the AVMA Media Library (www.avma.org) and YouTube. "I have a number of concerns," Dr. DeHaven says in the video.</div><div>
</div><div>attaboy; http://capitolwords.org/date/2007/08/03/E1714_on-the-retirement-of-dr-ron-dehaven-administrator-/ note dereg?</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>2006 PACs from agribiz 20mil$, pharma 11.5m$ vs USHS 123K anll green combo 514K$ 165-6; ushs 90Klobby; pfizer 11.8Mil$</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>peaceful protest -->terror only if they intent to hurt corp profits 167 *</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>mlk ~ capitalism, need to shift thing oriented to ppl or; fbi had 3165 pp of records 168; P&G gave 3 mil to mem , dupont 1m mcD 169</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>kucinich only vegan, voted ~ Patr Act and iraq; art'l imp ~ cheney [cf nader on kpfa, he go tossed out of demos?</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>pom targeted, feinstein and inhoff sic</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>ucla edythe london nicotene res monkey, autopsy $ PM 175</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>brilliant strat: claim that winning but also need tougher laws and more funding 177</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>schumacher fur guy said ani rights&nbsp; shd be strangled, skinned alive and anally electrocuted 179 put signs in windows in caps&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Ricardo Solano lead prosector of shac keynote at Ani Agric Allaince stakeholder's summit, promises to use new law 180 may 2007 6 mos after signing, another 18 mos till used 180.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>2001 drought gov redirect water to upper klamath for suckerfish, militia declared war, blew up headgates, thret assass of feds [cf cheney?]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>terr enhancement can add up to 20 yrs</b> 182; no def but 50 crimes in list depending on motive 183 (criteria 1 #2 is must be intended to change gov or retaliate ~ gov actions 183&nbsp; defense pt out that ani rights avoided hurting ppl; <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">pre 9/11 never applied to prop damage; 75% of cases terr enhance goes thru</span> 187 27 of 35 cases; creation of enhance had Pan Am bomb, WTC 1993, sarin subway japan;&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>rep scott mcInnis sent ltr to greenpeace etc to disavow terror oct 2001; sierra club offered $ for busting saboteur</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>judge aiken threw book for actions but al gore said block bulldozers; pentagon pt out danger ; but activists now paranoid of snitches</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Mike Roselle fdr EF, ruckus RAN, in yippe days kept snitch b/c he had a car 201</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>----</div><div>
</div><div>PRISON</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Marion not in Bur directory; even in FOIA no names of prisoners; 2 <b>CMU</b>'s do not have to follow rules (also Terre haute, has dr Help the Needy, 22 yrs for sending food and RX to iraqi kids [1/2 mil dead, no that's iran sanctions?] Rafil A Dhafir) lil guantanamo</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>tougher than SHU and SuperMax [hunger strike?] 15 min phone vs 300 min; 4 hrs visit/mop, no phys contact (~ gov policy and sci research) ; proposal to limit even more beaten, but then they trans 17 guys to terre haute and did it anyway 212 = CMU communication mgmt unit;<b> dan'l McG</b> had no discip problems but release denied w/o expl 214</div><div>
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</div><div><b>US Bur of Pris says 211 int'l terr and 1k domestic ones, but will not say who is in CMU 213 why there and how to get out</b></div><div>
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</div><div>andy stepanian at marion;&nbsp;</div><div>
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</div><div>experiemnt (not 1st; lexington HSU designed to reduce to state of submission for ideologal convdrsion acla 211; // warden at marion said purpose is "to control revolutionary attitudes in the prison system and society at large" 211 Ralph Aaaron ex</div><div>
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</div><div>Eric Rudolph published long essays on Army of God www, mocks his victims</div><div>
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</div><div>illegal to discrim on race, religion etc but 70% terre h muslim,</div><div>
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</div><div>want to limit even more eg 1 one hr visit /mo 215</div><div>
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</div><div>kamber sherrod at dmv got 3 cop cars, others detained at airport (that's how they dind out about dom terr designation) 217-8 cop waiting for tow truck ran plate for fun and got flashing msg "member of terr org" 218</div><div>
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</div><div>WP could not write about chat w/ mcg or he's get dinged 219&nbsp; mcg wroter about cmu on huffpo</div><div>
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</div><div>luers said changed: watch ppl die and no reaction 222</div><div>
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</div><div>Rod C still tailed; at SD talk responded to question of how to make incend device?, charged w/ distrib info on...mass destruction, threatned w/ 20 years 224; jury deadlock to mistrail; prosec siad they'd not stop, so he pled guilty ?! ** 224</div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div>---</div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>FBI says 60 ecoterr 2004 but 7400 hate crimes in 2003 p 227</b></div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div>Obama admin: marie mason elf arson MI state ; husb wore wire to entrap friends, she got 21 years, longest 229; same week 4 guys assualted black on obama election night got 10-1w years 229</div><div>
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</div><div>shac conviction upheld, goes against 1st and 2nd amend precedent, so trying for scotus 231 [fail no cert]</div><div>
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</div><div><b>chris christie</b> was prosetuor --> US atty NJ --> gov&nbsp; 231</div><div>
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</div><div>chls mckenna --> head DHS NJ ~ crips, jihad and ani rights extmemists</div><div>
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</div><div>chanting, chalk, wearing mask ok on own, but add up to terror; bandana get DNA test, tho no $ to get murderers off death row? 232</div><div>
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</div><div>some activists got off, but judge said rearrest if more specific info can be forund, or if prosec can explain hopw speech = terror 233</div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div><b>CA passed law // AETA </b>?! TRACK&nbsp; Utah want to change law to go after <b>DeChristopher</b> 233 rep mike noel says no diff to burn down cattle operation; ws rep intro alec model law prohibits communication that "encourage" publicize" promote" animal or ecolgical terrirism 234 bust those who ramin on premises after being asked to leave thuis no civ disob</div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div>DHS encourages drills; UC B drill had ani rights hlding hostages at gunpoint 235</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Minneapolis jt task force tried to pay guy to infiltrate vegan potlucj before RNC 2008 for $ 236</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>DOJ isp Gen audit told FBI to go after bad guys, mass casualtis of critical infrastucture vs social protest and domestic radicals' criminal activities" 236 said purtting us at risk; 6 recs said stip looking at green and ani activists and tranfer those cases to criminal branch; fbi refused steven c mcgraw</div><div>
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</div><div>after 911 2400 agents redirected for wall st white collar crime, so say no $ now to deal w/ it 237</div><div>
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</div><div>@005 Berne G thompson and 6 members Hse comm Homeland Sec crit focus on eco-terr at expense of RW 237 ;he proved right when irs plane, holoc museum etc Hutaree xian militia geo tiller</div><div>
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</div><div>pitts trib on fur rescue, up insurance rates = harm 239</div><div>
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</div><div>state dept warned other countries to protect corp profits 240</div><div>
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</div><div>palmer red menace against our way of life; 1947 fbi worried about It;s wonderful life;&nbsp;</div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div>clash of civs (muslim but also green) 242-3 hofstader paranoid style</div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div>AMA says ani rights must be shown to be anti-sci and threat to freedom of choice" 244</div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div>20 yrs later Yum sr vp congr test peta = "corp terrorists" wants vegan world</div><div>
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</div><div>peter singer and arne naess sources</div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div>DHS 2008 report: eco-terr: env and ani rights militant in US" says "lead to new sys of governance and social relationships that is anarchist and ant-systemic in nature" ** 245</div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div>ed j walsh ani experimenter says not war fur, eat meat go to reodeos "quietly, but effectively promote dissolution of our culture" 245&nbsp;</div><div>
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</div><div>
</div><div>summer 2008 ucsc 2 incend devises same times as Prop 2 ??pro USHS (2500 reward) ??ctr for consumer freedom says don't be fooled 247</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>hist of groups presecuted as ani rights pretty distinguushed.</div><div>
</div><div>[nader kpfa 17 sol ; corp criminal www ann-busch sponsor 2012 debates</div><div>....</div><div>-----</div><div>
</div><div>ECO-TERROR</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>spying on activists, especially "eco-terrorists" (green is the new red, Agenda 21).&nbsp; In the UK seven spies had relationshops (and even children) for up to nine years.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Veggie libel and animal enterprise (Inhofe, why? xian, free mkt, cow methane? )</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>dara; sending email is interstate commerce thus fed, a connection to" could be, insurer. investor or cleaning co or relatives; conspiracy:not done it but agreed to; circumstancial evidence enough; trying to disrupt profit, but van be made to repay (co determines cost); does not preclude peaceful protect (but not defined? odd?]&nbsp; laws always resp to actions; medical res always invoked; snitching common tactic</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>potter says eco-teror term coined by corps [actually arnold]. (dechris also in cmu? no ability to pass notes; 2 15 min.mo phone call? legal black hole; andy stepanian arrested for abovegd protest linked to shadow effort agianst huntington life sci (300 Mill$ damage?) said to be leader of ALF (vivisection)</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>potter arrested for hanging flyers on doornobs, gruntled journalist) for disorderly conduct; two weeks later 2 fbi agents told if he did not inform/infiltrate?! , he'd be put on domestic terrorist list (scap of paer w, 1st name and phone #) threatened his job, girlfriend, scholarship, dad cosigned on apt, they know where he works. "tell Camber we'll come see her later". said that another proteaster had long rap sheet.&nbsp; jf junkie (scary bald head tatoo) got him on fishing exped; led to biggest green roundup in hist.&nbsp; only time anyone ever hurt was in 80's by agent provoc who threw incend device at exec car/ no one hurt.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>homeland pennsyl fmr dir james powers, said mcveigh not terrorist, just mad at gov't (spied on ppl attending who went to gasland)</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>ecoterr is proving grd for tactics to be used against left</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">shac ran a website, said they would not oppose break-ins to release or destroy property?!&nbsp; we can say what we want until there's talk of immanent action.&nbsp; email attack after some weeks on shac website led to terror 1-7 yrs. scotus refused to hear kevin jonas case (longest sent);&nbsp; arrests had less to do w/ action as w/ rank in org (and geography) in order to instill fear</span></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>AETA 2006 just dept, glaxosmith testified that hands tied (shac case had max wiretaps at that pt)</div><div>
</div><div>terror if targets animal enterprise, or any biz tied to A Ent (eg Fedex), if instill reasonable fear. 1st used ~ ca group had bandanas on face, chalk on sidewalk, chanted all led to climate of fear ?! case thrown out by good lawyers.&nbsp; mink release prosec as terror.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>38-9 states have targetted laws "crop protection" ; pennsly ;ALEC skeet shoot by NRA, b'way shows, not passed in full anywhere, but new version wd include anyone who speaks in // w/ activists. AE protest ----&nbsp; front pharma big $), biotech, UC,&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>ppl protesting carriage horses investigated</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><b>fusion ctr </b>[joint terrorism task force)($ from post 911 climate) ppl deputized in joint terr task force w/ no training; cops, pvt intel? supposed to ctr stovepipes pre911; marsellus shale gasland</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>wash u student activist on doc circ to cops? who dating (often inaccurate) but designed to scare? [// Hunton & Wms]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>RAN // alqaeda in press and gov't docs</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>2003 insp gen audit of fbi told to stop wasting $, refused</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>terror label gets cops more resources, path to advancements</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>fbi does not list attacks on mosques, kkk (except rudoplf) or abort clinics (as terror?).</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>---</div><div>...</div><div><b>Following the Senators' testimony, John Lewis, Deputy Assistant Director of the FBI, testified before the Committee. Mr. Lewis stated that the ELF posed "[o]ne of today's most serious domestic terrorism threats</b>."[196]He did not mention any example of a human injured or killed by an ELF action. Mr. Lewis then asserted that the FBI lacked federal criminal statutes to address "multi-state campaigns of intimidation, threats, and damage designed to shut down legitimate businesses,"[197]and proposed that the Congress expand the actions criminalized by the Animal Enterprise Protection Act and expand the Act's scope to "address criminal activity related to eco-terrorism."[198]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>2. October 2005 Hearing</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>On October 26, 2005 the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works again held a hearing on "Eco-terrorism."[199]The issues addressed were similar to the May 2005 hearing, but the focus was primarily on the Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC) campaign. The SHAC campaign is international in scope and has brought Huntingdon Life Sciences-a contract animal testing lab which kills 500 animals a day and routinely abuses animals-to the brink of financial ruin through public ridicule, investigative reporting, property damage, and harassment.[200]</div><div>
</div><div>At the hearing, Barry M. Sabin, Chief of the Counterterrorism Section of the Department of Justice, asked that Congress amend the Animal Enterprise Protection Act to include "economic disruption to animal enterprises and threats of death and serious bodily injury to associated persons."[201]<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">He told the Committee that he supported Senator Inhofe's proposal to amend the Animal Enterprise Protection Act to replace "economic damage" (physical property damage) with "economic disruption" (business losses), and to allow electronic surveillance authority for investigation of violations of the Act.</span>[202]Again, other Senators expressed doubt as to spending time on "ecoterrorism" when there are higher priorities.[203]For example, Senator Jeffords noted that "[i]n our current state of fear, it is easy to get headlines by using the term 'terrorism.' But sometimes, a criminal is just a criminal."[204]</div><div>...</div><div>A final example is a Seattle Post-Intelligencer article entitled "Eco-, animal-rights terrorism called threat."[256]The article essentially reported the testimony of Senator Inhofe, the FBI, and the BATF from the May 18, 2005 Senate Hearing on "ecoterrorism" which was discussed above. The article repeated the FBI's statement that "[t]here is nothing else going on in this country over the last several years that is racking up the high number of violent crimes and terrorist actions."[257]Nowhere in the article is there mention of the skepticism which was expressed by all of the other Senators, besides Senator Inhofe, who made statements at the hearing. Instead the article quoted <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Inhofe comparing ELF and ALF to Al Qaeda and quoted Inhofe stating that he wanted to "examine more closely" how ELF, ALF, and SHAC "might be getting assistance in fund raising and communications from tax-exempt organizations' 'mainstream activists'</span></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div></div><div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Recently an&nbsp;<a href="http://grist.org/news/ag-gag-bill-dead-in-california/#.UXBf15gvNow.twitter" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">ag-gag bill died in California, while bills in Arkansas and Tennessee inched closer to approval.</a></span>&nbsp;No matter, according to Potter and Stepanian — activists still won. In mobilizing to address a common enemy, activists have forged unlikely but powerful alliances....</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">t appears ag-gag bills can’t even hoof it in farm country: Tennessee joins a roster of states who are strangling ag-gag bills before they can reach the killing floor.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Tennessee lawmakers had narrowly approved a bill that&nbsp;<a href="http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/billinfo/BillSummaryArchive.aspx?BillNumber=SB1248&ga=108" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">would have required</a>&nbsp;anybody who filmed animal abuses to turn over the footage to law enforcement within 48 hours or risk being fined. That would have prevented undercover animal activists from documenting systematic animal abuse by agricultural workers, helping factory farms get away with cruelty.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">But Gov.&nbsp;Bill Haslam (R) called BS on the bill and said that he plans to veto it. From a statement issued by the governor on Monday:</font></p><blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">First, the Attorney General says the law is constitutionally suspect. Second, it appears to repeal parts of Tennessee’s Shield Law [which protects journalism] without saying so. If that is the case, it should say so. Third, there are concerns from some district attorneys that the act actually makes it more difficult to prosecute animal cruelty cases, which would be an unintended consequence.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span id="more-175967" /></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">For these reasons, I am vetoing HB1191/SB1248, and I respectfully encourage the General Assembly to reconsider this issue.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Ag-gag bills have been spreading through the U.S. faster than&nbsp;<a href="http://grist.org/news/there-are-even-more-dead-pigs-in-a-chinese-river/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">mystery disease at a Chinese swine farm</a>. Some have become law, but others are being withdrawn, defeated, or vetoed. Grist’s Susie Cagle produced&nbsp;<a href="http://grist.org/food/the-states-of-the-ag-gag/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">this interactive map</a>&nbsp;last month to provide an overview.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">---</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Last Wednesday, a California state lawmaker withdrew&nbsp;<a href="http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB343" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">AB 343</a>, the nation's fourteenth proposed Ag-Gag bill in response to overwhelming public disapproval. While representatives in California, New York, and Minnesota repealed the bills shortly after introducing them, Arkansas, Indiana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Vermont are still considering them. The nation's first Ag-Gag laws were&nbsp;<a href="http://modernfarmer.com/2013/04/ag-gag-laws-state-of-the-states/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">passed</a>&nbsp;in Kansas, Montana, and Missouri in 1990-1, aimed at criminalizing photographers and videographers with intent to defame the facility. In all, seven states have enacted Ag-Gag laws, six have pending laws, and three have withdrawn.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">One reason behind the emerging focus on farm-reporting at the state-level is the introduction of the "Animal and Ecological Terrorism Act," a federal terrorism law drafted by the American Legislative Exchange Council, an organization of corporate representatives and an increasing number of state representatives (ALEC). The corporations work with ALEC to draft "model legislation" which are introduced in states across the country. As journalist and author, Will Potter, puts it, ALEC's bill is a "'<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/ag-gag-american-legislative-exchange-council/5947/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">wish list'</a>&nbsp;of legislative language from which state lawmakers can pick and choose to satisfy their constituents."&nbsp;The 12 Ag-Gag bills introduced in 2012 and 2013 (all but Kansas and Montana) are based on the ALEC model, whose supporters include Monsanto, the Farm Bureau, and associations that represent pork, dairy, cattle, poultry producers and farmers of corn and soybeans.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">HUMANE</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">SOCIETY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">INVESTIGATION</span>:</strong>&nbsp;An investigation by the Humane Society of the United States uncovers abuse of downed dairy cows, cows too sick or too injured to stand, at a California slaughterhouse. What’s more, the meat is being served to children through the National School Lunch Program.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">AARON</span>&nbsp;MATÉ:</strong>&nbsp;That undercover investigation by the Humane Society resulted in the largest meat recall in U.S. history. In the last two years, activists have also caught on camera employees of a Tyson Foods supplier in Wyoming flinging piglets into the air, workers at Bettencourt Dairies in Idaho shocking cows, and the searing of beaks off of young chicks at Sparboe Farms in Iowa. In the case of Tyson and Bettencourt, the employees were charged with cruelty to animals. In the case of Sparboe Farms, the company lost one of its biggest customers: the fast food giant McDonald’s.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;But the videos have also sparked a reaction in the oppose direction: criminalizing those who blow the whistle. A&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/07/us/taping-of-farm-cruelty-is-becoming-the-crime.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">front-page article</a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<em>The New York Times</em>&nbsp;this weekend noted that a dozen or so state legislatures have introduced bills that target people who covertly expose farm animal abuse. These so-called "ag-gag" bills, as they’re known, make it illegal to covertly videotape livestock farms or apply for a job at one without disclosing affiliations with animal rights groups. They also require activists to hand over undercover videos immediately, preventing them from publicizing findings and sparking public outcry or documenting trends.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Well, I was convicted of using a facility in interstate or foreign commerce for the purposes of causing more than $10,000 worth of damage to&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Huntingdon Life Sciences</span>, which was a biotech firm that was doing testing on animals. They had a facility in New Jersey, three in the U.K. and a satellite office in Tokyo. What they alleged my personal involvement was, was that I organized demonstrations against the Bank of New York and Deloitte & Touche, both of which had financial involvement with Huntingdon Life Sciences. Both companies severed their financial relationships with Huntingdon Life Sciences. And I was unapologetic about being involved with those campaigns. In one instance, I was stopped by local police. They took my ID. And I was completely transparent about being involved with this demonstration. The local police didn’t find a reason to cite me with an infraction, and they let me go. But 18 months pass. The&nbsp;<span class="caps">FBI</span>&nbsp;finds a reason to say that I was guilty of conspiracy.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Well, talk about why you were protesting Huntingdon.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;We were protesting Huntingdon Life Sciences initially because there were five undercover investigations, the first by a woman by the name of Michelle Rokke, who was wearing a hidden camera, that worked inside Huntingdon Life Sciences, depicting some of the worst cruelty to animals that was shown to date at that time. And—</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">...
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;We’re talking to&nbsp;<b>Andy Stepanian, animal rights activist, imprisoned at a high-security&nbsp;<span class="caps">CMU</span>, Communications Management Unit, in Marion, Illinois</b>. He’s co-founder of The Sparrow Project. Do you think you would have been treated this way if you hadn’t released undercover video of animal abuse?</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><strong style=""><span class="caps" style="">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Well, to clarify, that that undercover footage that was released is what inspired me to get involved myself, so I wasn’t the one that released it. I saw it, and it motivated me to get involved with the<b style="">&nbsp;<span class="caps">SHAC</span>&nbsp;</b>campaign. So, I don’t think they attributed that footage to me. I think they understood who released that footage. So I don’t think—</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;And was that person charged?</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;That person had some legal consequences, but most of it was taken care of, yeah.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;So now you’re out. What effect has your imprisonment had on you?</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Mostly psychological. I mean, I have—I repeatedly have nightmares. I sleep not well. But it’s not nightmares of violence. It's more just repeating situations that I was in, whether it be solitary confinement or, you know, this kind of urge to go home, that kind of thing, just revisiting moments in prison. So I don't know if that would qualify as what people would normally consider post-traumatic stress disorder, because I’m not remembering, say, a stabbing or something that happened in prison. I’m remembering moments that I think were more emotionally upsetting for me.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Can you talk about what happened in Southern California at a slaughterhouse that McDonald’s used as a supplier and how animal rights activism led to them severing ties with this company?</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;There was a group called Compassion Over Killing that sent an undercover investigator into, I believe it was called Central Valley Meats. It was a meat supplier for major fast food chains. And when that undercover investigator was there over the course of a few months, it showed systemic problems of egregious animal abuse. And while this egregious animal abuse was happening, there was actually members of the&nbsp;<span class="caps">USDA</span>&nbsp;or other auditing, you know, agents there, witnessing it happening but not reporting it.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><strong style=""><span class="caps" style="">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;I’m looking at an Associated Press piece, and it says, "The suspensions occurred after an animal welfare group’s covert video showed cows that appeared to be<b> sick or lame being beaten, kicked, shot and shocked in an attempt to get them to walk to slaughter</b>. ... The video appears to show workers bungling the slaughter of cows struggling to walk and even stand. Clips show workers kicking and shocking cows to get them to stand and walk to slaughter."</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style=""><strong style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="caps">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;These are all examples of systemic problems that are happening not just at Central Valley Meats, but are happening all across the country. And I think factory farm industries and the lobbyists that represent them understand that. And these things happen in order to maximize their profits. So, as these lobbyists are defending their profits, and they hire middle agencies like the American Legislative Exchange Council, they start petting bills like these ag-gag bills, that Will will be able to describe in great detail, that will target undercover investigators. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">They’ll target photographers, videographers, that expose cruelty like this, and try to prevent it from seeing the light of day. In some cases, one of the laws—I believe it’s in Florida—will actually go as far as saying that a journalist that redistributes or syndicates this footage is subject to criminal charges, as well.</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><strong style=""><span class="caps" style="">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;And the fact that if you work at one of these companies, you have to reveal that you’re with an animal rights group, on penalty of being imprisoned, of being convicted, being indicted?</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><strong style=""><span class="caps">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Yeah, they are trying to go one step further to try and stop these people from even getting in there to obtain this footage, by trying to have all employees disclose. And in some cases, some of the employees that have been caught doing this, there have been—even predating these ag-gag laws, there have been instances where they've tried to get them on false ID or breaches of terms and agreements with the company itself.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;What does "ag-gag" mean?</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;I mean, ag-gag is a term that came up—it’s kind of like a trending tag right now—referring to agricultural gag laws. And what they’re trying to do is they’re trying to silence activists. They’re trying to gag them. And these laws clearly exist for the purpose of silencing and gagging what is First Amendment-protected speech and journalism that is showing systemic cruelty in order to try and make the world a better place for animals.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">AMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">GOODMAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Andy, you are co-founder of The Sparrow Project. What is this?</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong><span class="caps">ANDREW</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps">STEPANIAN</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Well, Sparrow Project was kind conceived from my jail cell when I was in prison. I didn’t always have people on the phone to talk to or, you know, people to commingle with. But I often had pretty wonderful experiences with the birds that would kind of dance between the razor wire outside my cell. And they were symbols of freedom for me. And so, when I got out, through, you know, building relationships with penpals, I decided that I was going to create a kind of&nbsp;<span class="caps">DIY</span>&nbsp;or boutique PR agency that would represent activists and journalists, hopefully around the world. And I've kind of gotten off to a slow start, but I’m kind of happy with where I am now in life, because I’m trying to bring that inspiration that I saw in those sparrows and find the small things that inspire others and make the world a better place.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2013/4/9/former_animal_rights_prisoner_on_ag_gag_laws_secretive_prison_units_detention_of_daniel_mcgowan" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2013/4/9/former_animal_rights_prisoner_on_ag_gag_laws_secretive_prison_units_detention_of_daniel_mcgowan</a>
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></p><h1 class="title-news" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Daniel McGowan Released After Lawyers Confirm He Was Jailed For HuffPost Blog</font></h1><div class="comments_datetime_new border_none relative v05" data-beacon="{" p="p" mnid="mnid" entrybyline="entryByline" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="posted-and-updated">Posted:&nbsp;<span itemprop="datePublished">04/05/2013 1:02 pm EDT</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;Updated:&nbsp;<span itemprop="dateModified">04/05/2013 5:25 pm EDT</span></span></font></p></div><div class="float_left" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong>UPDATE:</strong>&nbsp;5:25 p.m. -- Lawyers for environmental activist Daniel McGowan said in a statement Friday afternoon that he had been returned to his halfway house in Brooklyn. They added that they had confirmed McGowan was jailed by federal marshals on Thursday for his Huffington Post blog post -- on the basis of a prison regulation that was declared unconstitutional by a judge in 2007.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Their statement read:</font></p><blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Daniel McGowan has been released from the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn where he was taken into custody yesterday and is back at the halfway house where he has been residing since his release from prison in December. Yesterday, Daniel was given an "incident report" indicating that his Huffington Post blog post, “Court Documents Prove I Was Sent to Communication Management Units (CMU) for My Political Speech," violated a BOP regulation prohibiting inmates from "publishing under a byline." The BOP regulation in question was declared unconstitutional by a federal court in 2007, and eliminated by the BOP in 2010. After we brought this to the BOP's attention, the incident report was expunged.</font></blockquote><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The Bureau of Prisons did not immediately return a request for comment.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><em>The earlier story ...</em></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">NEW YORK -- The jailing of environmental activist <b>Daniel McGowan</b> is under review, a Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) official said Friday morning.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">McGowan, who pleaded guilty to arson linked to the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Earth Liberation Front in 2006,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> was serving out the final months of his seven-year sentence in a Brooklyn halfway house when he was jailed by federal marshals Thursday morning,&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/04/daniel-mcgowan-arrested_n_3016885.html" target="hplink" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">allegedly for writing a commentary on The Huffington Post</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;critical of a harshly restricted federal prison unit in which he had spent time.</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Tracy Rivers, a residential reentry manager for the BOP in New York, told HuffPost Friday morning, "We are reviewing this case to determine if the actions that were taken were appropriate."</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Rivers declined to say more about why McGowan was moved to the Metropolitan Detention Center, citing privacy issues. But she noted that a determination would be made in McGowan's case by the end of Friday.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In general, Rivers said, prisoners can be punished for violating a BOP rule that&nbsp;<a href="http://www.bop.gov/policy/progstat/1480_005.pdf" target="hplink" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">prohibits giving interviews to the news media without official approval</a>. But that rule says nothing about prisoners writing blog posts.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">McGowan's wife, Jenny Synan, told HuffPost that neither he, his lawyers nor a BOP official she talked to about the case had heard of a regulation prohibiting prisoners from writing blog posts.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In a statement Thursday, McGowan's lawyers at the Center for Constitutional Rights said, "If this is indeed a case of retaliation for writing an article about the BOP retaliating against his free speech while he was in prison, it is more than ironic, it is an outrage."</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong>UPDATE:</strong>&nbsp;1:25 p.m. -- Daniel McGowan may soon leave jail. His attorney with the Center for Constitutional Rights, Rachel Meeropol, told HuffPost Friday afternoon, "We have been told by the BOP that he will be sent back to the halfway house today."</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">will potter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/shac-7-supreme-court/4447/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/shac-7-supreme-court/4447/</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S<span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">upreme Court Will Not Hear SHAC 7 Case</span></font></b></div><div class="headline_area" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="headline_meta" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.636em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by&nbsp;<span class="author vcard fn" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-style: normal; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px;">WILL POTTER</span>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<abbr class="published" title="2011-03-07" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 1em; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px; border-bottom: none; cursor: help; font-style: normal;">MARCH 7, 2011</abbr></font></p><p class="headline_meta" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.636em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">in&nbsp;<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-style: normal; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px;"><a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/category/legal/" rel="category tag" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">TERRORISM COURT CASES</a></span></font></p></div><div class="format_text entry-content" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 1.571em;"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Supreme Court announced today that it will not review the case of the SHAC 7, a landmark First Amendment case in which a group of animal rights activists were convicted as “terrorists” for running a controversial website.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The campaign of the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/tag/shac-7/" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">SHAC 7</a>&nbsp;didn’t involve anthrax, pipe bombs, or a plot to hijack an airplane. They ran a website. On that website, they posted news about the campaign — legal actions like protests and illegal actions like stealing animals from labs — and unabashedly supported all of it.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For this they faced a slew of conspiracy charges, including conspiracy to violate the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/tag/animal-enterprise-protection-act" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Animal Enterprise Protection Act</a>&nbsp;and commit “animal enterprise terrorism.”</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The defendants lost at the trial level, and were sentenced to between one and six years in prison. Upon appeal,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/shac-7-conviction-upheld-on-appeal/2307/" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">the Third Circuit issued a sweeping ruling</a>. It held that SHAC’s fiery rhetoric constituted a “true threat” (even though they were never accused of destroying property, or violence, or inciting such activity) because illegal conduct has taken place in the same campaign.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>To put it another way, the court held that the First Amendment rights of a group of people could be restricted based on the past actions of others.</b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For instance, one of the defendants<span id="more-4447" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">, Josh Harper, gave two speeches in which he talked about the campaign, and also his personal, theoretical support for the Animal Liberation Front and “black faxing.” The appellate court noted:</span></font></p><blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.786em; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em 0.786em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harper’s personal conduct does not cross the line of illegality; to punish him simply on the basis of his political speeches would run afoul of the constitution. However, <b>his conduct… does provide circumstantial evidence from which a jury could have reasonably inferred that Harper was involved in a conspiracy to violate the AEPA.</b></font></p></blockquote><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Supreme Court has denied writ of certiorari in the case, which means the case will not be heard. In short, the appeals court ruling stands, and this is the end of the line for the SHAC 7.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The chances of a case being heard by the Supreme Court are incredibly slim, of course. But I’m a bit surprised the court will not hear the SHAC 7 case. The Supreme Court recently&nbsp;<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/03/AR2011030304124.html" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">ruled that Westboro Baptist Church&nbsp;</a>(the “God Hates Fags” folks) have the right to protest military funerals. Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. wrote that their conduct “is certainly hurtful and its contribution to public discourse may be negligible,” but it is protected, nonetheless.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All but one of the SHAC 7 defendants have been released from prison, so this ruling was not about prison time. It was about the precedent that this type of ruling may set, particularly in the context of the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/shac-7-supreme-court/tag/animal-enterprise-terrorism-act" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act</a>. And it was about whether that label, “terrorist,” should follow these activists for the rest of their lives.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Even if you do not agree with the SHAC campaign, or animal rights campaigns in general, the Supreme Court’s refusal to hear this case has chilling implications for all activists of all social justice movements.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">UPDATE: Here’s a response from Lauren Gazzola, one of the SHAC 7:</font></p><blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.786em; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em 0.786em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Today has been a hard day, because I think that the Supreme Court’s denial of our cert. petition was wrong. Not just legally wrong, but morally wrong. In that sense, I’ve had many hard days over the past several years. Right now though, I’d like to tell you about one of the easiest.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A few weeks ago I gave a talk about the SHAC 7 case to a law school class. Before I got up to speak, the professor showed undercover footage from inside of HLS. It was the first time I’d seen it since getting out of prison and I broke down. When it ended, the Executive Director of the National Antivivisection Society got up to introduce me. “It’s hard to know where to start,” she began.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I was next up and still slightly shaky from having seen the footage. I had planned to begin by thanking the professor for inviting me,<br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />thanking NAVS for sponsoring the event, and thanking the students for attending. Instead I told the class, “I know exactly where to start.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>I spent three-and-a-half years of my life trying to put HLS out of business and three-and-a-half years in prison for it. Every single day was worth it and I’d do it again.” Today, I’d simply like to repeat this: I’d do it again. It was all worth it.”</b></font></p></blockquote><p class="post_tags" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; line-height: 1.833em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tagged as:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/tag/animal-enterprise-protection-act/" rel="tag" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Animal Enterprise Protection Act</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/tag/animal-enterprise-terrorism-act/" rel="tag" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act (AETA)</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/tag/josh-harper/" rel="tag" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Josh Harper</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/tag/shac-7/" rel="tag" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">SHAC 7 - Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty Activists Convicted of Terrorism</a></font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><a href="https://ccrjustice.org/home/what-we-do/our-cases/us-v-shac-7"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://<b>ccrjustice</b>.org/home/what-we-do/our-cases/us-v-shac-7</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sto<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">p Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC) was an international, grassroots animal rights campaign to close Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), Europe's largest contract animal-testing laboratory. &nbsp;Huntingdon tests products like household cleaners, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and food additives on around 75,000 animals every year, from <b>rats to wild-caught baboons</b>. &nbsp;By targeting the pillars of support for the lab (e.g. its investors, customers, stockbrokers, etc.), pressuring these companies to cut their tie with HLS, and holding residential pickets in the neighborhoods of executives of these companies and of HLS, the SHAC campaign pushed Huntingdon to the bring of bankruptcy mulitple times.</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</span></font></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The main organizing tool of U.S. arm of the campaign was the SHAC-USA website, which advocated and reported on both legal and illegal protests against the lab. &nbsp;SHAC expressed ideological support for any protest tactic that did not harm a human or non-human animal.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 2004, six SHAC-USA activists and the organization itself (the SHAC 7) were indicted on federal "animal enterprise terrorism" charges, for allegedly conspiring under the Animal Enterprise Protection Act (AEPA). &nbsp;None of the defendants were accused of personally engaging in any independent illegal act--no assault, no vandalism, no threatening communications. &nbsp;All of the activity alleged against the defendants is protected by the First Amendment: publishing a website, advocating lawful and unlawful protest activity, organizing and attending protests, contacting companies by phone and mail, etc. &nbsp;All defendants were convicted and sentenced to four to six years in federal prison.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CCR wrote an amicus brief on behalf of the defendants in their appeal to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, challenging the convictions as an incitement prosecution that flies in the face of well-established free speech doctrine.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> The Third Circuit upheld the convictions, ruling 2-1. The Panel acknowledged that much of Appellants’ speech and advocacy was protected by the First Amendment,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> but impermissibly allowed the mere presence of unlawful activity committed by anonymous individuals in the course of the campaign, coupled with defendants' ideological support for unlawful protest, to constitute a criminal conspiracy.<b> &nbsp;This is highly problematic under the First Amendment.</b></span></font></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">edited by sock puppet</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">S<b style="">top Huntingdon Animal Cruelty</b>&nbsp;(<b style="">SHAC</b>) was an international&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">animal rights</a>&nbsp;campaign to close down&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a>&nbsp;(HLS), Europe's largest contract&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">animal-testing</a>&nbsp;laboratory. SHAC ended its campaign in August 2014. HLS tests medical and non-medical substances on around 75,000 animals every year, from rats to primates.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCJan182001_1-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-BBCJan182001-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[4]</a></sup>&nbsp;It has been the subject of several major leaks or undercover investigations by activists and reporters since 1989</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-investigations_5-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-investigations-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[5]</a></sup></font></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">SHAC was started in November 1999 by three British animal rights activists</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">—</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Avery" title="Greg Avery" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Greg Avery</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heather_Nicholson" title="Heather Nicholson" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Heather James</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and Natasha Dellemagne—</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">after video footage supposed to have been shot covertly inside HLS in 1997 by&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a>&nbsp;(PETA) showed HLS staff shaking, punching, and shouting at beagles in their care.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[6]</a></sup>&nbsp;The footage was broadcast by&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Channel 4</a>&nbsp;in the UK, the employees were dismissed and prosecuted, and HLS's licence to perform animal experiments was revoked for six months<b>. PETA stopped its protests against the company after HLS threatened it with legal action, </b>and SHAC took over as a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaderless_resistance" title="Leaderless resistance" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">leaderless resistance</a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-DowardAug2004_7-0" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-DowardAug2004-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The campaign used tactics ranging from non-violent protest to the alleged firebombing of houses owned by executives associated with HLS's clients and investors.</b> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>&nbsp;(SPLC), which monitors US domestic extremism, has described SHAC's&nbsp;<i style="">modus operandi</i>&nbsp;as "frankly terroristic tactics similar to those of anti-abortion extremists," and in 2005 an official with the FBI's counter-terrorism division referred to SHAC's activities in the United States as domestic terrorist threats</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2009 and 2010, 13 members of SHAC, including Avery, James, and Dellemagne, were jailed for between 15 months and eleven years on charges of conspiracy to blackmail or harm HLS and its suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-Evers_10-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Evers-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_11-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Weaver-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#Background" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Background</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#Structure" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Structure</span></font></a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#SHAC_UK" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">SHAC UK</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#Methods" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Methods</span></font></a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#Secondary_and_tertiary_targeting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Secondary and tertiary targeting</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#Shareholders" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.2.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Shareholders</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#Ties_to_the_ALF" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Ties to the ALF</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#Convictions_and_legislation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Convictions and legislation</span></font></a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#2006:SHAC_7(U.S.)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2006: SHAC 7 (U.S.)</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#2007:Operation_Achilles(UK)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2007: Operation Achilles (UK)</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#2008_onwards" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2008 onwards</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#Further_reading" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Further reading</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">HLS tests household cleaners, pesticides, weedkillers, cosmetics, food additives, chemicals for use in industry, and drugs for use against Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCJan182001_1-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-BBCJan182001-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup>&nbsp;It uses around 75,000 animals every year, including rats, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and primates (marmosets, macaques, and wild-caught baboons).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The company has been the subject of several undercover investigations since 1989. Sarah Kite of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Union_for_the_Abolition_of_Vivisection" class="mw-redirect" title="British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection</a>&nbsp;(BUAV) secured a job and filmed inside HLS in 1989. Zoe Broughton did the same for Channel 4 in 1996, as Michelle Rokke claimed to have done for PETA in 1997. Lucy Johnston for&nbsp;<i>The Daily Express</i>&nbsp;gained access in 2000. A diary kept by Kite, who worked undercover there for eight months, alleged that HLS workers routinely mishandled the animals, shouting at them, throwing them into their cages, and mocking them for having fits in response to toxicity tests. In 1997, Zoe Broughton came out with footage showing puppies being hit and shaken. A year later, Michelle Rokke allegedly obtained footage of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivisection" title="Vivisection" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">vivisection</a>&nbsp;of a monkey in HLS in New Jersey, in which a technician expresses concern that the animal is inadequately anaesthetized.<sup id="cite_ref-investigations_5-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-investigations-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup>&nbsp;Between 2006 and 2008, an&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Defenders_International" title="Animal Defenders International" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Animal Defenders International</a>&nbsp;employee filmed undercover inside HLS after securing a position inside its primate toxicology unit in Cambridgeshire.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">According to Mark Matfield of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Defence_Society" title="Research Defence Society" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Research Defence Society</a>, a pro-animal testing lobby group in the UK, HLS lost a great deal of business after these investigations, primarily among the pharmaceutical industry. "There was an ingrained feeling among scientists and business people that this company had transgressed in a very serious way," he said.<sup id="cite_ref-Rudacille_14-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Rudacille-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Structure">Structure</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="SHAC_UK">SHAC UK</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: SHAC UK" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">SHAC was founded in November 1999 by Greg Avery; his second wife, Natasha Avery (née Dellemagne); and his first wife, Heather Nicholson (née James). Avery and Nicholson had been involved in previous high-profile campaigns against facilities in the UK that bred animals for laboratories. In 1997, after a ten-month campaign, they caused the closure of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_beagles" class="mw-redirect" title="Consort beagles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Consort Kennels</a>, which bred beagles for animal research. Later that year, they started&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_the_Hill_Grove_Cats" title="Save the Hill Grove Cats" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Save the Hill Grove Cats</a>&nbsp;against Hill Grove farm in Oxfordshire, which bred cats for laboratories. The farm closed after two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Jonas_15-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Jonas-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">SHAC maintained a decentralized approach with no official central leadership, allowing activists throughout the UK and North America to act autonomously, though&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Guardian</a></i>&nbsp;described Avery in 2008 as the&nbsp;<i>de facto</i>&nbsp;leader.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a></sup>&nbsp;After Avery was jailed, another activist, Thomas Harris, ran the group in the UK until he was imprisoned in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_11-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Weaver-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup>&nbsp;Before their convictions, Nicholson, Avery, and Dellemagne would publish reports on the SHAC website and by mail, and provide press information and interviews; in April 2004 they were reported to be living together rent-free in a cottage provided by a supporter, Virginia Jane Steele.<sup id="cite_ref-DowardApril2004_17-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-DowardApril2004-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">They would meet every three months to receive updates from colleagues in the United States and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Bugged_18-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Bugged-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a></sup>&nbsp;Sarah Whitehead, an experienced campaigner known in the group as "Mumsy", would lead younger members and carry up to five attacks in a night, according to the judge.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_11-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Weaver-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Methods">Methods</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Methods" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><h4 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Secondary_and_tertiary_targeting">Secondary and tertiary targeting</span></font></h4><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">SHAC's&nbsp;<i style="">modus operandi</i>&nbsp;is known as secondary and tertiary targeting. Activists engage in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">direct action</a>—ranging from lawful protests to intimidation, harassment, and violent attacks—not only against HLS, its employees, and its employees' families, but also against secondary and tertiary targets such as HLS's business partners, and&nbsp;<i style="">their</i>&nbsp;business partners, insurers, caterers, cleaners, <b>children's nursery schools,</b> and office suppliers</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;A New York yacht club, for example, was covered in red paint because members of the club worked for Carr Securities, which traded in HLS shares.</span><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;The campaign drove down HLS's profits, suppressed its share price, and made it difficult to find business and financial partners.</span><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2001, HLS managing director in the UK,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Cass" title="Brian Cass" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Brian Cass</a>, was beaten outside his home by three masked men — animal rights activist David Blenkinsop was sentenced to three years in prison for the attack — and HLS marketing director Andrew Gay was attacked on his doorstep with a chemical spray to his eyes that left him temporarily blinded.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a></sup></font></p><h4 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Shareholders">Shareholders</span></font></h4><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On 21 December 2000, HLS was dropped from the New York Stock Exchange because its&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">market capitalization</a>&nbsp;had fallen below NYSE limits, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and on 29 March 2001, HLS lost both of its&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">market makers</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and its place on the London Stock Exchange. Shortly after this, HLS moved its headquarters to the United States, incorporating as Life Sciences Research (LSR), and secured a $15m loan from investment bank&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Inc." title="Stephens Inc." style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Stephens, Inc</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, its largest shareholder. In September 2005, after the firebombing of the homes of a Canadian brokerage employee and a British pharmaceutical executive, the New York Stock Exchange asked LSR to delay moving its listing from the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OTC_Bulletin_Board" title="OTC Bulletin Board" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">OTC Bulletin Board</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;to the main exchange.</span><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;LSR has since transferred its listing to the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">NYSE Arca</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;electronic exchange. HLS is no longer a publicly traded company after being bought by CEO Andrew Baker.</span><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In June 2005, Vancouver-based brokerage&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaccord_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaccord Capital" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Canaccord Capital</a>&nbsp;announced that it had dropped a client, Phytopharm PLC, in response to the May 2005&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front" title="Animal Liberation Front" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Animal Liberation Front</a>&nbsp;<b>(ALF) firebombing of a car belonging to Canaccord executive Michael Kendall</b>. The ALF stated on its website that activists placed an incendiary device under the car, which was in Kendall's garage at home when it caught fire during the night. Kendall and his family went into hiding. Phytopharm was targeted, as were those doing business with it, because it had business links with HLS.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In May 2006, an anonymous group said it would be writing to every one of GlaxoSmithKline's 170,000 small investors warning them to sell their shares. The letters began arriving at investors' home addresses on 7 May 2006, asking that shares be sold within 14 days, and that the group be informed of the sale by e-mail via a Hotmail address.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a></sup>&nbsp;The number of letters sent was smaller than claimed; the BBC said at least 50 shareholders received the warning.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a></sup>&nbsp;Writing in&nbsp;<i>The Sunday Telegraph</i>&nbsp;the following week, British Prime Minister&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tony Blair</a>&nbsp;expressed support for animal experimentation in the face of an&nbsp;<i>"appalling ... campaign of intimidation."</i>&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Ties_to_the_ALF">Ties to the ALF</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ties to the ALF" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Kevin Jonas — who took charge of SHAC UK while the Averys and James were jailed for six months in 2002 — declared his support for the ALF, and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Webb" title="Robin Webb" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robin Webb</a>, spokesman for the ALF in the UK, attended and addressed SHAC conferences in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-DowardAug2004_7-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-DowardAug2004-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2006 the ALF warned that it was targeting HLS suppliers, and that year firebombed a car belonging to the finance director of Canaccord Capital, a brokerage firm. Members of SHAC said the company had acted as brokers for&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytopharm" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytopharm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Phytopharm</a>, which had used HLS for contract testing.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The FBI linked SHAC with attacks claimed by the militant animal rights group, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Liberation Brigade" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Animal Liberation Brigade</a>. They issued an arrest warrant for&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Andreas_San_Diego" title="Daniel Andreas San Diego" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Daniel Andreas San Diego</a>, who they described as being "involved with the Stop Huntington Animal Cruelty campaign", in connection with bomb attacks against two of HLS's clients in California.<sup id="cite_ref-Doyle_30-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Doyle-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a></sup>&nbsp;San Diego was added to the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_Most_Wanted_Terrorists" title="FBI Most Wanted Terrorists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">FBI Most Wanted Terrorists</a>&nbsp;List in 2009 and remains at large.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[31]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Convictions_and_legislation">Convictions and legislation</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">SHAC's campaign prompted the introduction of sections 145–149 of the British&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serious_Organised_Crime_and_Police_Act_2005" title="Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005</a>, which created new offences intended to protect animal-testing facilities, including prohibiting acts or threats intended to cause someone to terminate or not enter into a contract with such a facility.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a></sup>&nbsp;The first person to be convicted under the Act was Joseph Harris, a doctor of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">molecular biology</a>, who attacked property owned by companies supplying materials to HLS; he received a three-year sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a></sup>&nbsp;In February 2007, a number of SHAC supporters were charged with illegal street collecting without a licence.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[35]</a></sup>&nbsp;According to the Metropolitan Police, two stalls in London's Oxford Street collected over £80,000 a year. In March 2007, three activists were jailed under the Act for intimidating HLS suppliers; one supplier dropped its contract with HLS after being invaded by demonstrators wearing skull masks.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-36" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[36]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span id="2006:SHAC_7.28U.S..29" style=""><span class="mw-headline" id="2006:SHAC_7(U.S.)" style="">2006: SHAC 7 (U.S.)</span></span></font></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 179px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SHAC7.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="width" height="height" viewbox="%220" e="E" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h1.509z="h10.99v7.919H1.509z" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data" /></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SHAC7.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="width" height="height" viewbox="%220" e="E" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h1.509z="h10.99v7.919H1.509z" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Logo of the SHAC 7 Support Group</font></a></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SHAC7.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="width" height="height" viewbox="%220" e="E" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h1.509z="h10.99v7.919H1.509z" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In March 2006, a federal jury in&nbsp;</span></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton,New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Trenton, New Jersey</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, found six members of SHAC guilty of using their website to incite attacks on those who did business with HLS.</span><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[37]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Originally, seven individuals (the SHAC 7) were charged: Kevin Jonas (former president of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty USA), Lauren Gazzola, Jacob Conroy, Joshua Harper, Andrew Stepanian, Darius Fullmer, and John McGee. McGee was later dropped from the case.</span><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[38]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">They were charged with conspiracy to violate the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Enterprise_Protection_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Enterprise Protection Act" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Animal Enterprise Protection Act</a>, in the first application of the 1992 statute</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Jonas, Gazzola, Conroy, and Harper were charged with conspiracy to <b>harass using a telecommunications device (discussing&nbsp;</b></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_fax" title="Black fax" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><b>black faxes</b></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">), while Jonas, Gazzola, Conroy, and SHAC USA were charged with stalking via the internet.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> The defense of the SHAC 7 rested largely on the 1969 case&nbsp;<i style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_v.Ohio" title="Brandenburg v. Ohio" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Brandenburg v. Ohio</a></i>, in which the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Supreme Court of the United States</a>&nbsp;ruled that political speech is legal unless it can be shown that a defendant has told specific individuals to commit specific, imminent acts of violence</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[39]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2011,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">NPR</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;reported that Andrew Stepanian of the SHAC 7 -- since released—had been imprisoned in the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> highly restrictive&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_Management_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Communication Management Unit" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Communication Management Unit</a>&nbsp;of the U.S. federal prison system</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-npr2_40-0" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-npr2-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="2007:Operation_Achilles.28UK.29"><span class="mw-headline" id="2007:Operation_Achilles(UK)">2007: Operation Achilles (UK)</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">On 1 May 2007, a series of raids—Operation Achilles—took place against SHAC in Europe, involving 700 police officers in England, Amsterdam, and Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-Evers_10-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Evers-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup>&nbsp;Thirty-two people were arrested, including Greg and Natasha Avery, and Heather Nicholson, who were charged with blackmail, along with nine others.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[41]</a></sup>&nbsp;Prosecutors told jurors that a 2007 meeting between the defendants had been bugged by police, and revealed that SHAC supported illegal acts that were traced to attacks on people across Great Britain. The prosecution also alleged there was evidence of direct email links between SHAC, the Animal Liberation Front, and Animal Rights Militia.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-42" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[42]</a></sup>&nbsp;<i>Der Spiegel</i>&nbsp;wrote that as a result of the police operation the number of attacks on HLS and associated businesses declined drastically,<sup id="cite_ref-Evers_10-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Evers-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup>&nbsp;although the day after the convictions new posts on SHAC's website indicated that the campaign would continue.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-43" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[43]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="2008_onwards">2008 onwards</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2008 onwards" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2008, activists from various groups, including SHAC,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_against_Highgate_Rabbit_Farm" title="Campaign against Highgate Rabbit Farm" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">targeted Highgate Rabbit Farm</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;in&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_Rasen" title="Market Rasen" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Market Rasen</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, Lincolnshire, which sold rabbits and ferrets to HLS and other laboratories; the&nbsp;</span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Close Highgate Farm</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;campaign included an ALF raid in which </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">129 rabbits were removed and £100,000-worth of property damaged</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-oct08_44-0" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-oct08-44" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[44]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;In 2009, a new group,&nbsp;</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Militant Forces Against Huntingdon Life Sciences</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, emerged in Germany and Switzerland, targeting Bayer staff, a Novartis director, the CEO of Pfizer, and Highgate farm, among others.</span><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Harris plead guilty to conspiracy to blackmail </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and Nicola Tapping plead guilty to breaching section 145 of&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serious_Organised_Crime_and_Police_Act_2005" title="Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">SOCPA</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. They were all jailed for between six years and fifteen months. Harris' sentence was extended after he, Maria Neal and Christopher Potter also pleaded guilty to additional charges </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">relating to attacks on branches of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Barclays</a>, including painting "ALF" on the buildings. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">At the time Barclays Asset Management was linked to HLS.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Bloxham_46-0" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty#cite_note-Bloxham-46" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[46]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></font></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_rights_and_punk_subculture" title="Animal rights and punk subculture" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Animal rights and punk subculture</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></span></h2><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ref no byline, cites, links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2002/stop-huntingdon-animal-cruelty-threatens-terrorist-style-attack"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2002/stop-huntingdon-animal-cruelty-threatens-terrorist-style-attack</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">STOP HUNTINGDON ANIMAL CRUELTY THREATENS TERRORIST-STYLE ATTACK</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>2002 </b>Fall Issue</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">September 20, 2002</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental radicals and animal rights activists say it's "ludicrous" for the FBI to call them the No. 1 domestic terror threat. But their rhetoric and increasingly extreme criminal actions are making the "eco-terror" label stick.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A Chicago insurance executive might seem like one of the last people who'd be opening a letter with this succinctly chilling message: "You have been targeted for terrorist attack."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But that's what happened last year, when a top official at Marsh USA Inc. was informed that he and his company's employees had landed in the crosshairs of an extremist animal rights group. The reason? <b>Marsh provides insurance for one of the world's biggest animal testing labs.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"If you bail out now," the letter advised, "you, your business, and your family will be <b>spared great hassle and humility."</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That letter — and the harassment campaign that followed, after Marsh declined to "bail out" — was another shot fired by Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This British-born group, now firmly established in the United States, is waging war on anyone involved with<b> Huntingdon Life Sciences, which tests drugs on approximately 70,000 rats, dogs, monkeys and other animals each year</b>. In the process, SHAC is rewriting the rules by which even the most radical eco-activists have traditionally operated.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the past, even the edgiest American eco-warriors drew the line at targeting humans. They trumpeted underground activists' attacks on businesses and laboratories perceived as abusing animals or the environment — <b>the FBI reports more than 600 incidents, causing $43 million in damage, since 1996.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But spokespeople for the two most active groups in the U.S., the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), have always been quick to claim that their underground cells have never injured or killed any people.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Since 1999, however, members of both groups have been involved with SHAC's campaign to harass employees of Huntingdon — and even distantly related business associates like Marsh —<b> with frankly terroristic tactics similar to those of anti-abortion extremists.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Employees have had their homes vandalized with spray-painted "Puppy killer" and "We'll be back" notices. They have faced a mounting number of death threats, fire bombings and violent assaults. They've had their names, addresses and personal information posted on Web sites and posters, declaring them "wanted for collaboration with animal torture."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When cowed companies began responding to the harassment by pulling away from Huntington, many radical environmentalists cheered — even when SHAC's actions clearly went over the "nonviolent" line.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Still, the ELF and ALF insist that they remain dedicated to what their spokespeople describe as nonviolent "economic sabotage," such as tree-spiking and arson. They vigorously deny the label that increasingly sticks to them: "eco-terrorist."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Spokespeople continue to chant the public-relations mantra that the ALF's David Barbarash invoked again on National Public Radio this January: "There has never been a single case where any action has resulted in injury or death."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SHACs escalating violence is not unique. North America's most active and widespread eco-radicals — the ELF and ALF took credit for 137 "direct actions" in 2001 alone — have clearly taken a turn toward the more extreme European model of activism. The rhetoric has begun to change along with the action.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reached by the Intelligence Report, SHAC-USA's Kevin Jonas — a former ALF spokesman — was unusually frank about the lengths to which the new breed of activists will go.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"When push comes to shove," Jonas said, "we're ready to push, kick, shove, bite, do whatever to win."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'Igniting the Revolution'</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The far left has long been skirting the edge. In the 1980s, the standard-bearer of the movement was EarthFirst!, a radical group inspired by the novels of Edward Abbey, who romanticized a life of "monkey-wrenching," or sabotage, to protect the environment from rapacious corporations and developers.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Using the model of "leaderless resistance" long advocated by white supremacist tactician Louis Beam — small, independent underground cells carrying out actions, with no hierarchy for law enforcement to go after — EarthFirst! brought "direct action" to the forefront of the environmental movement.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The most controversial of EarthFirst! techniques was tree-spiking, which involved pounding metal spikes into trees to prevent them from being cut or milled into lumber. Typically, tree-spikings were accompanied by warnings designed to cut down on the possibility of injuring or killing timber workers.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But timber companies pointed out that some of the spikes would remain in trees long after the warnings had been forgotten, and said the technique put loggers and sawmill workers at risk of severe injury or even death. Such tactics resulted in the first references to environmentalists as terrorists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Responding to criticism in the early 1990s, EarthFirst! members began to ponder a more moderate approach. This did not sit well with radicals, who left to found the ELF in Brighton, England, in 1992.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In its video, "Igniting the Revolution," the ELF says it realized "that to be successful in the struggle to protect the Earth, more extreme tactics must be utilized. Thus the Earth Liberation Front was born."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Coming to America</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It wasn't until 1998, when one of the ELF's underground cells burned down a major part of a new ski resort near Vail, Colo., that the group became a household name. The fire caused a whopping $12 million in damage and put eco-radicalism back in the headlines.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But news reports failed to note this was not a homegrown movement. The ELF, in fact, is an outgrowth of the European animal-rights movement more than American environmentalism. Its closely linked predecessor, the ALF, got its start in Britain in 1976 before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And while U.S. environmental activists still have a largely positive image, with the Sierra Club's peaceful lobbying efforts setting the tone in most people's eyes, activists of the British ALF and its continental cohorts have given the European movement a very different reputation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Eco-activists there are seen by many as dangerous and reckless criminals — and they often live up to the billing, as the SHAC campaign (along with letter bomb attacks that have maimed one secretary and injured a furrier and his 3-year-old daughter) so vividly demonstrates.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In February 2001, Huntingdon's managing director in Great Britain, Brian Cass, was badly beaten outside his home by three masked assailants swinging baseball bats. Shortly after the attack, British animal rights activist David Blenkinsop, a friend of SHAC-USA's Kevin Jonas, was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison for the assault.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">At around the same time, Andrew Gay, Cass' marketing director, was attacked on his doorstep with a<b> spray that left him temporarily blinded</b>, writhing on the ground in front of his wife and young daughter.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronnie Lee, one of the British founders of the ALF, applauded the beating of Cass. "He has got off lightly," Lee said. "I have no sympathy for him."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joining in the jubilation were some American eco-radicals.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"If it happens and it works," Last Chance for Animals boss Chris DeRose said of attacks like the Cass beating, "then that's great."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A Growing Radicalism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When longtime ELF spokesperson Craig Rosebraugh was called to testify before Congress about domestic terrorism this February, he invoked the Fifth Amendment with gusto. But Rosebraugh did answer written questions from a congressional subcommittee, and he didn't mince words.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Asked whether he feared an ELF action could one day kill someone, Rosebraugh sounded a lot like Ronnie Lee.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"No," he wrote, "I am more concerned with massive numbers of people dying at the hands of greedy capitalists if such actions are not taken."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Connections between the ALF and ELF run deep. From the start, they made pledges of solidarity, and they clearly shared a coterie of hard-line activists. They were also structured similarly, with a handful of activists designated as spokespeople who would announce and encourage "direct actions."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Essentially, anyone who carried out one of these actions — whether or not they were acquainted with the groups' aboveground spokespeople — became, in effect, a member.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The structure is remarkably similar to that of the so-called Army of God</b>, a violent anti-abortion "group" that is "joined" by simply carrying out an attack and claiming credit. Although there is no real "membership," these groups can appear large because every attack undertaken in their name generates significant publicity.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At the Hilton, Violence is Cheered</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rosebraugh signed on to the movement after spending a night in jail with a prominent ALF activist in 1997. Eleven weeks later, he delivered his first message on behalf of the ALF: Activists had broken into a mink farm and released hundreds of animals, costing the business some $300,000.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The next year, Rosebraugh switched to the ELF, proudly announcing the Vail arson on the ALF's Web site. (The ELF didn't set up its own site until 2001.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To this day, the ELF has much more in common — sharing both members and tactics — with the ever-more-radical ALF than with any other environmental group in the U.S.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ELF activists like Rosebraugh are regularly invited to speak at the animal rights conference held every year in the Washington, D.C., area on the week of July 4. The event is funded by several animal-rights groups, the most prominent of which are People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA, and the more moderate Humane Society of the United States.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The conference setting is surprisingly highbrow, held for the past two years in the marble-clad McLean Hilton, which employs a well-known Vegan chef. But the discussions are down and dirty, dealing forthrightly with the role of violence in the fight for animal rights. At last year's conference, PETA's Bruce Friedrich was candid enough.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"If we really believe that animals have the same right to be free from pain and suffering at our hands," Friedrich told a panel, "then of course we're going to be blowing things up and smashing windows. ... I think it's a great way to bring about animal liberation, considering the level of suffering, the atrocities. I think it would be great if all of the fast-food outlets, slaughterhouses, these laboratories, and the banks that fund them, exploded tomorrow.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"I think it's perfectly appropriate for people to take bricks and toss them through the windows. ... Hallelujah to the people who are willing to do it."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The assembled activists applauded. And as they milled around between speeches and panels, there was still more evidence that the edge of American eco-advocacy is becoming even edgier.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Representatives from the ALF, ELF and SHAC — all of whom claim to be independent groups — shared a table, handing out their pamphlets and T-shirts. On the back of one of the shirts was a typical slogan: "Words Mean Nothing ... Action is Everything!"</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'Devastate to Liberate'</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, did not dampen the enthusiasm of America's eco-radicals for direct action</b>. But something did change when those attacks brought down the World Trade Center: Americans' tolerance for anything that smacks of terrorism.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">So when the ALF set a $1 million fire at a primate lab in New Mexico on Sept. 20, and when an ELF cell set a University of Minnesota genetics lab ablaze this Jan. 29, corporate groups, members of Congress, conservative commentators and the FBI joined in a chorus decrying the acts as "eco-terrorism."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The targets of these acts couldn't have agreed more.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"These are clearly terroristic acts," said Charles Muscoplat, dean of agriculture at the University of Minnesota. "Someone could get hurt or killed in a big fire like we had."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Activists continued to insist that the eco-terror label was "ludicrous," and that law-enforcement officials were engaged in a witch hunt cheered on by corporate interests.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"I mean, what was the Boston Tea Party," ALF spokesman Barbarash asked rhetorically on NPR, "if not a massive act of property destruction?"</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Barbarash went on: "Property damage is a legitimate political tool called economic sabotage, and it's meant to attack businesses and corporations who are profiting from the exploitation, murder and torture of either humans or animals, or the planet. ... [T]o call those acts terrorism is ludicrous."</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Their case was bolstered in June, when a San Francisco jury found that law-enforcement officials (including three FBI agents) violated the civil rights of EarthFirst! activists Judi Bari and Darryl Cherney — to the tune of $4.4 million in damages.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bari and Cherney were on their way to an EarthFirst! rally in 1990 when a pipe bomb exploded in Bari's Subaru station wagon. Authorities claimed that the two were planning to use the bomb, but Bari and Cherney consistently denied any knowledge of the explosives, saying they had been falsely pegged as eco-terrorists and in fact were the victims of an assassination attempt.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Though the Bari/Cherney verdict was a setback for those decrying "eco-terrorism," the similarity between eco-radicals' methods and those of more stereotypical "terrorists" has made the comparison seem natural to more and more observers. The increasingly inflammatory rhetoric of the groups hasn't helped.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Last year, the ELF put up two new manuals on its Web site — "Setting Fires With Electrical Timers: An Earth Liberation Guide" and "Arson Around With Auntie alf." An ELF communiqué went even further, saying the group was now targeting "FBI offices and U.S. federal buildings," "liberal democracy" and even "industrial civilization" itself.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For its part, while it advises non-violence, the ALF's "Beginner's Guide to Direct Action for Animal Liberation" opens with the slogan, <b>"Devastate to Liberate."</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The booklet goes on to offer handy tips for relatively mild sabotage — gluing locks, spray-painting slogans and threats, smashing windows, "rippin' shit up" — but it also includes easy-to-follow instructions for "a few simple incendiary devices" like Molotov cocktails.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A more detailed "ALF Primer" has three single-spaced pages devoted to arson. "As dangerous as arson is," the primer advises, "it is also by far the most potent weapon of direct action."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Outside a Feb. 12 congressional hearing on environmental terrorism, protestors tried to counter the 'eco-terror' label.]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SHAC Ups the Ante</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Meanwhile, SHAC was teaching other potent lessons — and getting results that have only spurred eco-radicals on.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Last year, Barclay's Bank in the United Kingdom pulled its financing of Huntingdon Life Sciences, saying it "couldn't guarantee the safety" of its employees. Charles Schwab, an American financial firm, also pulled out after protesters occupied its offices in Birmingham, England.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">When Huntingdon moved to the U.S. last year, hoping to escape the wrath of U.K. activists, the violence didn't let up. SHAC-USA's Web site boasted that a company vice president here "was visited several times, had several car windows broken, tires slashed, house spray painted with slogans. His wife is reportedly on the brink of a nervous breakdown and divorce."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In July 2001, a related group, "Pirates for Animal Liberation," took responsibility for trying to sink the private yacht of a Bank of New York executive to protest the bank's connection with Huntingdon.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Stephens Group, an investment firm in Arkansas, was subjected to a campaign of harassment after announcing a $33 million loan to Huntingdon. After backing out this February, CEO Warren Stephens said the company had been "aware of the activists, but I don't think we understood exactly what lengths they would go to."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SHAC-USA rejoiced along with its allies in the ALF and ELF.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S"If we can push this domino down," Kevin Jonas told US News & World Report, "there is no domino we can't push down."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Targeting Scientists, and Others</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Scientists have been increasingly targeted — with similar success. In July, Dr. Michael Podell halted his AIDS studies and resigned from Ohio State University, giving up a tenured position and a $1.7 million research project.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Podell, who was using cats to study why drug users seem to succumb more quickly to AIDS, received nearly a dozen death threats after PETA put the experiment on its "action alert" list. Podell was sent a photograph of a British scientist whose car had been bombed. "You're next" was scrawled across the top of the photo.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The use of animals in research has decreased in the last few decades, according to government estimates — and the use of cats has dropped a whopping 66 percent since 1967. But scientists say that some research, like Podell's, cannot be done with computer modeling or with human subjects.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"It's a small number of animals to get information to potentially help millions of people," Podell told The New York Times.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But that argument did not hold water with PETA, or with the local protest group that sprung up in Columbus. Eventually, they wore down Podell.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Scientists tend to be good targets," Frankie Trull, president of the Foundation for Biomedical Research, which promotes "humane and responsible" animal testing, told the Intelligence Report. "Their temperament is such that they don't really fight back. The ALF is like the bully in the schoolyard for them."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pumped up by their victories, eco-radicals have made it clear that their agenda is broadening in a big — and potentially dangerous — way.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>If President Bush expands the nuclear-power industry, said a spokesperson for SHAC-USA, that industry will be targeted next. The ultimate target, as the ELF says in a video, is nothing short of "the entire capitalist system."</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Justice Department</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While SHAC sets a new standard for eco-terrorism, another British import is making American and Canadian authorities even more nervous.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Since it sprang up in 1993, the so-called Justice Department has claimed responsibility for hundreds of violent attacks in the U.K. With an underground cell structure similar to those of the ALF and ELF, the Justice Department has made creative use of letter bombs, which have injured several people, and sent out scores of envelopes rigged with poisoned razor blades.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The London Independent called the Justice Department's attacks "the most sustained and sophisticated bombing campaign in mainland Britain since the IRA was at its height."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In January 1996, after the group became active in North America, the Justice Department claimed responsibility for sending envelopes with blades dipped in rat poison to 80 researchers, hunting guides and others in British Columbia, Alberta and around the United States.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The blades were taped inside the opening edge of the envelopes, poised to cut the fingers of anyone opening the letters.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Dear animal killing scum!" read the note inside. "Hope we sliced your finger wide open and that you now die from the rat poison we smeared on the razor blade." The letter signed off, "Justice Department strikes again."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Authorities in Great Britain have suggested that Keith Mann of the ALF currently serving an 11-year prison sentence in Britain, founded the Justice Department, although that has not been proven.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A Taste of Fear</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Just as EarthFirst! ultimately became too "tame" for the eco-saboteurs who formed the ELF, groups like the Justice Department seem to attract frustrated activists who don't want to hold the line against harming humans. The existence of such violent spinoffs, including the Animal Rights Militia, allows ELF and ALF to continue claiming ethical purity by way of comparison.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">How do these groups defend their methods? "If the animals could fight back," says the Justice Department, "there would be a lot of dead animal abusers already."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The group's fact sheet — posted on an ALF Web site — makes it clear that the Justice Department thinks of itself as a more extreme version of the ALF.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The Animal Liberation Front achieved what other methods have not while adhering to nonviolence," the Justice Department manifesto reads. "A separate idea was established that decided <b>animal abusers had been warned long enough. ... [T]he time has come for abusers to have but a taste of the fear and anguish their victims suffer on a daily basis."</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A similar thought occurred to one of America's legendary terrorists, Ted Kaczynski. And the connection is more than philosophical.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">During his trial, Kaczynski admitted that he was in contact with EarthFirst! during his Unabomber days. In fact, he found at least one of his targets — Thomas Mosser, a New Jersey advertising executive, who was killed instantly when he opened a package from the Unabomber — by reading about Mosser's firm in the EarthFirst! journal.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In his manifesto, Kaczynski sounded for all the world like an eco-extremist as he took credit for Mosser's violent death: "We blew up Thomas Mosser last December because he was a <b>Burston-Marsteller executive. Among other misdeeds, Burston-Marsteller helped Exxon clean up its image after the Exxon Valdez incident."</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Officials noted that Kaczynski misspelled the company's name — it should be Burson, not Burston — precisely the same way that EarthFirst! did. They also noted that, as reported in the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Washington Post, the EarthFirst! journal got it wrong: Burson-Marsteller "never worked for Exxon on the spill." Thanks to incorrect information from EarthFirst!, Mosser was killed for something his company never did.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A Murder in the Netherlands</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frustration with the slow pace of nonviolent change appears to be epidemic in the movement. In September 2001, ALF co-founder Ronnie Lee told Jane's Intelligence Review, "So far no one on the other side has ever been seriously harmed or killed. But that may now change."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It didn't take long for Lee to be proved right. This May, as the debate over "eco-terrorism" raged in the United States, an apparent "eco-assassination" in Europe sent shockwaves through the environmental activists and their targets.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Less than two weeks before voters in the Netherlands would choose a new government, animal-rights activist Volkert van der Graaf allegedly pumped six bullets into Pim Fortuyn, a right-wing anti-immigration candidate for prime minister. Van der Graaf may have been enraged by Fortuyn's support of pig farmers in a debate with animal rights activists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fortuyn's death at the hands of a veteran activist spawned a wave of "I-told-you-so" editorials in European newspapers, which have sharply criticized the escalating violence of radical activists in recent years, warning that murder was the next step.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fortuyn, a dog lover whose environmental views were generally more moderate than his hard-right stance on immigration, had expressed similar exasperation earlier in the campaign, telling the green group Milieudefensie, "I'm sick to death of your environmental movement."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Could eco-activism spawn another van der Graaf — or another Kaczynski — in the United States? If it happens, don't expect the ALF or ELF to take responsibility.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The groups' guidelines for cell members always include a crucial escape clause, like this one in "Frequently Asked Questions About the Earth Liberation Front": "If an action similar to one performed by ELF occurred and resulted in an individual becoming physically injured or losing their life, this would not be considered an ELF action."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'Rethinking Nonviolence'</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By refusing to take responsibility for any actions that harm humans, the ALF and ELF implicitly acknowledge that violence directed at people is a foreseeable result of the tactics they promote. Their ever-more-fiery rhetoric and increasingly brash methods could inspire future Kaczynskis and van der Graafs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In fact, the 32-year-old van der Graaf was the founder of Zeeland's Animal Liberation Front before he went on to found Milieu Offensief (Environment Offensive). His story reads like a cautionary tale, especially now that the American ELF and ALF seem to take their cues from the Europeans.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While van der Graaf was an avowed enemy of factory farming, most of his attacks on farmers had been peaceful. Environment Offensive filed more than 2,200 lawsuits against big farming interests.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"His weapon was the law," a member of Environment Offensive told Dutch television.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But van der Graaf was apparently provoked to more drastic action by his frustration with fighting "the system." When Dutch police searched the suspect's home after Fortuyn's murder, they found documents linking van der Graaf to a recent outbreak of direct-action attacks on a mink factory and a poultry farm.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">They also found that van der Graaf apparently hadn't intended to stop with Fortuyn: He had floor plans of the homes of three of Fortuyn's fellow List Party candidates for the parliament.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What happens when U.S. companies and politicians keep getting in the way of eco-radicals' goals? Peter Singer, a Princeton University philosopher and long-time darling of many eco-radicals, recently acknowledged the quandary faced by many in the movement — and the direction in which it clearly seems headed.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"We who have an affinity with non-human animals and nature," Singer told the Australian Herald-Sun, "are finding it increasingly difficult to love our fellow man."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kevin Jonas of SHAC-USA, which is inspiring a new breed of activist, put it even more bluntly. "There's a very famous quote by John F. Kennedy," he told the Intelligence Report. "If you make peaceful revolution impossible, you make violent revolution inevitable."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Indeed, further violence seems almost inevitable. Just ask Craig Rosebraugh, the long-time ELF spokesman who recently left that post to pursue theoretical work for the movement.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Attending the Institute for Social Ecology at Goddard College in Vermont, Rosebraugh's master's thesis has a revealing working title: "Rethinking Nonviolence: Arguing for the Legitimacy of Armed Struggle."</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div></div></div>