Hans suess sci
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</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.1875rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 2.2rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>CIEL documents that back in 1946, the leading oil companies created a “Smoke and Fumes Committee” to back scientific research into air pollution issues and use their findings to shape the public debate about the environment. </b>CIEL explains, “<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The express goal of their collaboration was to use science and public skepticism to prevent environmental regulations they deemed hasty, costly, and unnecessary.” The Committee, which perhaps should have been named “Smoke and Mirrors,” was l<b>ater folded into the American Petroleum Institute (API).</b></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.1875rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 2.2rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The scientific understanding that certain gases trap heat and warm the planet dates back at least to Irish physicist John Tyndall in 1820, as NASA has <a href="http://climate.nasa.gov/blog/143" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; word-break: break-word; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(144, 141, 255);">explained</a>. By the turn of the 19th century, Svante August <b>Arrhenius was quantifying how CO2 contributed to the greenhouse effect and <a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/blog/2010/12/unchained-goddess-frank-capra-knew" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; word-break: break-word; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(144, 141, 255);">later made</a> the connection between global warming and fossil fuels combustion.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.1875rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 2.2rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 1955, as CIEL notes, Hans Suess, a Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) scientist, “demonstrated that naturally occurring carbon-14 in the atmosphere was being ‘diluted’ by depleted carbon-12 derived from fossil fuels.” In 1957, <a href="https://www.smokeandfumes.org/#/documents/document8" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; word-break: break-word; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(144, 141, 255);">a paper</a> by SIO’s Roger Revelle and Hans Suess determined that “far more CO2 would remain in the atmosphere than previously assumed, potentially accelerating the impact of global climate change.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.1875rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 2.2rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Two months later, scientists with the Humble Oil and Refining Company Production Research Division published — under the company name — <a href="https://www.smokeandfumes.org/#/documents/document7" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; word-break: break-word; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(144, 141, 255);">a study</a> called “Radiocarbon Evidence on the Dilution of Atmospheric and Oceanic Carbon by Carbon from Fossil Fuels.” <b>In other words, by 1957 the precursor company to Exxon knew that burning fossil fuels was boosting CO2 levels in the air.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.1875rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 2.2rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>=</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.1875rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 2.2rem;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>1957</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.1875rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 2.2rem;" /><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.1875rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 2.2rem;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>Scientists working at Humble Oil (now ExxonMobil) publish a paper on the dilution of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and ocean [effects?]</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.1875rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 2.2rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>=</b></font></p></span></div></div>