MADD

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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ARCHIVES | 1994</font></div><div>Founder of Anti-Drunk-Driving Group Now Lobbies for Breweries</div><div>By TAMAR LEWIN</div><div>
</div><div> The article as it originally appeared.</div><div>VIEW PAGE IN TIMESMACHINE</div><div>, Page 001007</div><div>The New York Times Archives</div><div>Legislators who knew Candy Lightner as the founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving may be startled when they next hear from her.</div><div>
</div><div>Ms. Lightner, whose daughter was killed by a drunken driver in 1980, is now a lobbyist for a trade group representing breweries and restaurants -- and her first project is working against state laws tightening the standards for drunken driving.</div><div>
</div><div>Ms. Lightner said she saw nothing strange in her decision to join Rick Berman & Company, which represents the American Beverage Institute.</div><div>
</div><div>"It's drunk drivers who are on the other side from me, not restaurants," Ms. Lightner said in a telephone interview yesterday. "I worked with restaurants when I was at MADD and found them very responsible on the issue of drunk driving. <b>In fact, I met Rick Berman 10 years ago when he was working for Steak and Ale.</b>" </div><div>
</div><div>Change in Standard</div><div>
</div><div><b>Still, after years of working for tougher drunken driving laws, Ms. Lightner is now lobbying against laws that would lower the standard blood-alcohol reading at which it becomes illegal to drive from 0.10 percent to 0.08 percent -- a change that her old organization is advocating.</b></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>But, Ms. Lightner said, she never supported the lower standard, even while with the group, because she believes it would have no impact on drunken driving. The driver who killed her 13-year-old daughter, Cari, in a 1980 hit-and-run accident had a blood-alcohol level of 0.20 percent, and was out on bail from a previous drunken driving charge.</div><div>
</div><div>Most of those associated with the group, and many others who work on the issue of drunken driving, were reluctant to criticize Ms. Lightner's choice of jobs.</div><div>
</div><div>"Is MADD anxious to get into a fight over personality? No," said Chuck Hurley, senior vice president of the Insurance Institute on Highway Safety and a MADD board member. "When someone has lost a child, whatever gets them through the night is O.K. with me. But the news is not Candy. It's that everyone is impaired at 0.08, and should be off the road."</div><div>
</div><div>Beckie Brown, the current president of MADD, picked her words carefully. "We are confident that 0.08 saves lives, that it will pass, and that we are on the right side," she said. "Candy is on a different side, but we're still very grateful that she founded the group."</div><div>
</div><div><b>After leaving the group, Ms. Lightner wrote a book on coping with grief, but was disappointed by its rec</b>eption.</div><div>
</div><div>She said that she still favored -- and was lobbying for -- legislation that would create graduated penalties for drunken drivers, so that people with especially high blood alcohol levels, or those who were repeat offenders, would face stiffer penalties than first-time offenders who had consumed less alcohol. Stripped of Titles</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Ms. Lightner headed MADD until 1985, when the board stripped her of the titles of chairman and chief executive after she inquired about getting a $10,000 bonus on top of her $76,000 annual salary.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Under Ms. Lightner, the organization had grown to national prominence, with thousands of members and a budget of more than $10 million, but earlier in 1985, both the Better Business Bureaus and the National Charities Information Bureau criticized the group for spending too much on fund-raising and too little on programs.</div><div>
</div><div>Ms. Lightner, 47, would not disclose how much she was being paid as a lobbyist. But, she said, "it's less than I got at MADD, trust me."</div><div>
</div><div>Rick Berman & Company not only lobbies for the American Beverage Institute, but also leases it space. Most of the company's other clients are individual restaurants or hotels. Over time, Ms. Lightner said, she expects to lobby on all the issues that concern the clients of the company.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Although others in Washington said they were convinced that Ms. Lightner had been hired because of the reputation she brought to drunken-driving issues, Mr. Berman said yesterday that he had hired Ms. Lightner because he considered her a good advocate. Drunken-driving legislation, he said, would not be the main part of her work.</span></div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Ms. Lightner said she had leapt at the opportunity to join the company because she had wanted to make a career as a Washington lobbyist.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"When I was lobbying here on getting the drinking age raised to 21, I knew this was where I wanted to be," she said. "MADD is not my whole life. I've chosen to get on with my life, and I wish everybody would just wish me well."</span></div><div>
</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://articles.latimes.com/1985-10-03/news/mn-637_1_madd">http://articles.latimes.com<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">/1985</span>-10-03/news/mn-637_1_madd</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">HURST, Tex. — Candy Lightner, who founded Mothers Against Drunk Driving after her daughter was killed by a drunk driver, said today she has been pushed aside and is no longer running the national crusade that now has 350 chapters in the United States.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div>
</div><div>The MADD executive committee has taken control of the organization and her contract has not been renewed, said Lightner, 39, who reportedly drew a $76,000-a-year salary.</div><div>
</div><div>"Communications have broken down with these people," she said.</div><div>
</div><div>She said she was shocked in July when the board did not give her a $10,000 bonus she requested pending negotiation of the new contract and stripped her of her roles as chief executive officer and chairman.</div><div>
</div><div>"I have no idea what will happen to me," she said. "I hope to go on with MADD. I feel I am being punished for its success."</div><div>
</div><div>Under Lightner, MADD drew the fire of both the Better Business Bureau and the National Charities Information Bureau.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> The watchdog groups issued reports this year contending MADD was spending too much money on administration and fund raising.</span></div><div>
</div><div>MADD revenues exceeded $12.5 million in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1984.</div><div>
</div><div>Lightner, then a real estate agent in Sacramento, Calif., started MADD after her daughter was killed in 1980 by a drunk driver.</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Mothers Against Drunk Driving</b> (<b>MADD</b>) is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">nonprofit organization</a> in the United States and Canada that seeks to stop<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">drunk driving</a>, support those affected by drunk driving, prevent underage drinking, and strive for stricter impaired driving policy, whether that impairment is caused by alcohol or any other drug. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,Texas" title="Irving, Texas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Irving, Texas</a>–based<sup id="cite_ref-990-2013_2-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-990-2013-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[2]</a></sup> organization was <b>founded on September 5, 1980, in California<sup id="cite_ref-corp_1-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-corp-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[1]</a></sup> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy_Lightner" title="Candy Lightner" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Candace Lightner</a> after her 13-year-old daughter, Cari, was killed by a drunk driver</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-TMOTY85_4-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-TMOTY85-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[4]</a></sup> There is at least one MADD office in every state of the United States<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[5]</a></sup> and at least one in each province of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[6]</a></sup> These offices offer victim services and many resources involving alcohol safety.<b> MADD has shown that drunk driving has been reduced by half since its founding.</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><b>[</b>7]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;">
</div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Positions" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Positions</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Funding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Funding</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Activities_and_criticisms" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Activities and criticisms</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Tax-Exempt_Status-Section_501.28c.29.283.29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Tax-Exempt Status - Section 501(c)(3)</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Drunk_driving_laws" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Drunk driving laws</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Victim_impact_panels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Victim impact panels</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Grand_Theft_Auto" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;"><i>Grand Theft Auto</i></span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Blood_alcohol_content" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Blood alcohol content</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Sobriety_checkpoints" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Sobriety checkpoints</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Beer_taxes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Beer taxes</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#Breath_alcohol_ignition_interlock_devices" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Breath alcohol ignition interlock devices</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#See_also" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Positions">Positions</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Positions" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to MADD's website, "The mission of Mothers Against Drunk Driving is to stop drunk driving, support the victims of this violent crime and prevent underage drinking."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[8]</a></sup> Generally MADD favors strict policy in a variety of areas, including an illegal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">blood alcohol content</a> of .08%<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[9]</a></sup> or lower and using stronger sanctions for DUI offenders, including mandatory jail sentences, treatment for alcoholism and other alcohol abuse issues, ignition interlock devices,<sup id="cite_ref-ignition_10-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-ignition-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[10]</a></sup> and license suspensions; maintaining the minimum legal drinking age at 21 years; mandating alcohol breath-testing ignition interlock devices (IIDs) for everyone convicted of driving while legally impaired.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MADD's founder, Candace Lightner left the group in 1985. In 2002, as reported by the Washington Times, Lightner stated that MADD "has become far more <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">neo-prohibitionist</a> than I had ever wanted or envisioned … I didn't start MADD to deal with alcohol. I started MADD to deal with the issue of drunk driving".<sup id="cite_ref-washtimes_madd-strugles_11-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-washtimes_madd-strugles-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[11]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Candace (Candy) Lightner was the organizer and founding president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. On May 3, 1980 Lightner’s 13-year-old daughter, Cari, was killed by a drunken hit-and-run driver at Sunset and New York Avenues in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Oaks,California" title="Fair Oaks, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Fair Oaks, California</a>. The 46-year-old driver, who had recently been arrested for another DUI hit-and-run, left Cari's body at the scene.<sup id="cite_ref-TMOTY85_4-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-TMOTY85-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A 1983 television movie about Lightner resulted in publicity for the group, which grew rapidly.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>In the early 1980s, the group attracted the attention of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Congress</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Senator</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lautenberg" title="Frank Lautenberg" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Frank Lautenberg</a> (D-NJ) d</b>id not like the fact that youth in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New Jersey</a> could easily travel to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New York</a> to purchase alcoholic beverages, circumventing New Jersey's law restricting consumption to those 21 years old and over.<sup id="cite_ref-madd-21-turns-20_12-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-madd-21-turns-20-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[12]</a></sup> The group had its greatest success with the enacting of a 1984 federal law, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Minimum_Drinking_Age_Act" title="National Minimum Drinking Age Act" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">National Minimum Drinking Age Act</a>, that introduced a federal penalty (a 5%–later raised to 10%–loss of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">federal highway dollars</a>), for states that didn't raise the minimum legal age for the purchase and possession of alcohol to 21. After the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Supreme Court</a>upheld the law in the 1987 case of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota_v.Dole" title="South Dakota v. Dole" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">South Dakota v. Dole</a></i>, every state and the District of Columbia made the necessary adjustments by 1988 (but not the territories of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Puerto Rico</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Guam</a>).</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1985, Lightner objected to the shifting focus of MADD, and left her position with the organization.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1988, a drunk driver traveling the wrong way on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_71" title="Interstate 71" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Interstate 71</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Kentucky</a> caused a head-on collision with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_bus" title="School bus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">school bus</a>. Twenty-seven people died and dozens more were injured in the ensuing fire. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrollton_bus_collision" title="Carrollton bus collision" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Carrollton bus disaster</a> in 1988 equaled another <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestonsburg_bus_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestonsburg bus disaster" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">bus crash in Kentucky in 1958</a> as the deadliest bus crash in U.S. history. In the aftermath, several parents of the victims became actively involved in MADD and one became its national president.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1989, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MADD_Canada" title="MADD Canada" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">MADD Canada</a> was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[13]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1994, the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicle_of_Philanthropy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Philanthropy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chronicle of Philanthropy</a></i>, an industry publication, released the results of the largest study of charitable and non-profit organization popularity and credibility. The study showed that MADD was ranked as the "most popular charity/non-profit in America of over 100 charities researched with 51% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing "Love" and "Like A Lot" for MADD.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1991, MADD released its first "Rating the States" report, grading the states in their progress against drunk driving. "Rating the States" has been released four times since then.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1999, MADD’s National Board of Directors unanimously voted to change the organization’s mission statement to include the prevention of underage drinking.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[15]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2002, MADD announced an "Eight-Point Plan". This consisted of:</font></p><ol style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Resuscitating the nation's efforts to prevent impaired driving.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Increasing driving while intoxicated (DWI)/driving under the influence (DUI) enforcement, especially the use of frequent, highly publicized sobriety checkpoints.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Enacting primary enforcement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Seat belt legislation in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">seat belt laws</a> in all states.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Creating tougher, more comprehensive sanctions geared toward higher-risk drivers.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Developing a dedicated National Traffic Safety Fund.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reducing underage drinking.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Increasing beer excise taxes to the same level as those for spirits.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reinvigorating court monitoring programs.<sup id="cite_ref-eightpoint_16-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-eightpoint-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[16]</a></sup></font></li></ol><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a November 2006 press release, MADD launched its 'Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving': this is a four-point plan to completely eliminate drunk driving in the United States using a combination of current technology (such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breath_alcohol_ignition_interlock_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Breath alcohol ignition interlock device" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">alcohol ignition interlock devices</a>), new technology in smart cars, law enforcement, and grass roots activism.<sup id="cite_ref-MADD-campaign-to-eliminate_17-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-MADD-campaign-to-eliminate-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[17]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Hurley" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuck Hurley" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chuck Hurley</a> was MADD CEO from 2005-2010.<sup id="cite_ref-always_18-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-always-18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[18]</a></sup> He retired in June 2010 and was replaced by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimberly_Earle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimberly Earle (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Kimberly Earle</a>, who had been CEO of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_G.Komen_for_the_Cure" title="Susan G. Komen for the Cure" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Susan G. Komen for the Cure</a>since 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[19]</a></sup> Earle left to work for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford_Health" title="Sanford Health" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sanford Health</a> in January 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[20]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Debbie_Weir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debbie Weir (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Debbie Weir</a> was named MADD's new Chief Executive Officer.</font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Funding">Funding</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Funding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Funding_Accountability_and_Transparency_Act_of_2006" title="Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Obama-Coburn Federal Funding Accountability Transparency Act of 2006</a>, MADD received $56,814 in funds from the federal government in fiscal year 2000, and a total of $9,593,455 between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">fiscal years</a> 2001 and 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[21]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1994, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Money magazine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Money</a></i> magazine reported that telemarketers raised over $38 million for MADD, keeping nearly half of it in fees. This relationship continues to date.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[22]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2001, <i>Worth</i> magazine listed MADD as one of its "100 best charities".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[23]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 2005, <i>USA Today</i> reported that the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Philanthropy" class="mw-redirect" title="American Institute of Philanthropy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">American Institute of Philanthropy</a> was reducing MADD from a "C" to a "D" in its ratings. The Institute noted that MADD categorizes much of its fundraising expenses as "educational expenses", and that up to 58% of its revenue was expended on what the Institute considered fund-raising and management.</span><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[24]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity_Navigator" title="Charity Navigator" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Charity Navigator</a> rated MADD at 63.53 out of 100 on its financial rating scale and 96.00 out of 100 on its accountability and transparency scale for its 2013 fiscal year.<sup id="cite_ref-charnav_25-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-charnav-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[25]</a></sup> MADD reported that it spent 24.4% of its total expenses on fundraising that year.<sup id="cite_ref-charnav_25-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-charnav-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[25]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2014 MADD spend over $9 million on fundraising activities according to its 2014 tax return.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[26]</a></sup> The staggering amount of money spent on fundraising has made MADD one of the lowest rated Not-For-Profit Organizations in terms of financial responsibility.</font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Activities_and_criticisms">Activities and criticisms</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Activities and criticisms" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radley_Balko" title="Radley Balko" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Radley Balko</a>, an advocate for decriminalizing drunk driving,<sup id="cite_ref-Balko_27-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-Balko-27" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[27]</a></sup> argued in a December 2002 article that MADD's policies are becoming overbearing. "In fairness, MADD deserves credit for raising awareness of the dangers of driving while intoxicated. It was almost certainly MADD's dogged efforts to spark public debate that effected the drop in fatalities since 1980, when Candy Lightner founded the group after her daughter was killed by a drunk driver," Balko wrote. "But MADD is at heart a bureaucracy, a big one. It boasts an annual budget of $45 million, $12 million of which pays for salaries, pensions and benefits. Bureaucracies don't change easily, even when the problems they were created to address change."<sup id="cite_ref-balko-targeting_28-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-balko-targeting-28" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[28]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity Watch" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Charity Watch</a> gives MADD a "C-" grade.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[29]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Tax-Exempt_Status-Section_501.28c.29.283.29">Tax-Exempt Status - Section 501(c)(3)</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tax-Exempt Status - Section 501(c)(3)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MADD is a tax-exempt corporation under IRS Section 501(c)(3). In order to maintain 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status 3 main requirements must be met. Any violation of these requirements results in lose of tax-exempt status.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-30" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[30]</a></sup></font></p><ol style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">No part of the earnings and profit may benefit any private shareholder or individual.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">No substantial part of the activities may be nonexempt activities (e.g. carrying on propaganda or influencing legislation).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The organization may not participate or intervene in any political campaign.</font></li></ol><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Some believe MADD to be in violation of all 3 Section 501(c)(3) requirements and should have their tax-exempt status revoked. MADD violates requirement 1 by consistently distributing a large portion of its earning to employees. In 2014 MADD paid $19.4 million in salaries, other compensation, and benefits, $1.9 million of this going to its top 11 employees, and $1 million of that going to its top 5 employees. Debbie G. Weir MADD CEO earned $256,835 in reportable compensation in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[31]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px">
MADD was heavily involved in lobbying to reduce the legal limit for</span><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_alcohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood alcohol" style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" line-height="line-height" px="px" text-decoration="text-decoration" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background">blood alcohol</a><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px"> </span><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px">from BAC .10 to BAC .08.</span><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference" style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" unicode-bidi="unicode-bidi" isolate="isolate" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[32]</a></sup><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px"> </span><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px">In 2000, this standard was passed by Congress and by 2004, every state had a legal .08 BAC limit.</span><sup id="cite_ref-nelson_33-0" class="reference" style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" unicode-bidi="unicode-bidi" isolate="isolate" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-nelson-33" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[33]</a></sup><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MADD_Canada" title="MADD Canada" style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" line-height="line-height" px="px" text-decoration="text-decoration" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background">MADD Canada</a><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px"> </span><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px">has called for a maximum legal BAC of .05. Although many MADD leaders have supported a lower limit, MADD has not called for a legal limit of .05 in the United States.</span><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Drunk_driving_laws">Drunk driving laws</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Drunk driving laws" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h3><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Victim_impact_panels">Victim impact panels</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Victim impact panels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MADD promotes the use of victim impact panels (VIPs), in which judges require DWI offenders to hear victims or relatives of victims of drunk driving crashes relate their experiences. MADD received $5,547,693 in 2010<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-34" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[34]</a></sup> from VIPs; much of this income was voluntary donations by those attending as some states do not allow a fee to be charged to offenders for non-legislative programs. Other states like California and Georgia require that a fee be paid in order to attend. In California this fee ranges from $25 to $50 depending on the county and in Georgia this fee is $50.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-35" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[35]</a></sup> Some states in the United States, such as Massachusetts, permit victims of all crimes, including drunk driving accidents, to give <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victim_impact_statement" title="Victim impact statement" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">victim impact statements</a> prior to sentencing so that judges and prosecutors can consider the impact on victims in deciding on an appropriate sentence to recommend or impose. The presentations are often emotional, detailed, and graphic, and focus on the tragic negative consequences of DWI and alcohol-related crashes. According to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howard_Society" title="John Howard Society" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John Howard Society</a>, some studies have shown that permitting victims to make statements and to give testimony is psychologically beneficial to them and aids in their recovery and in their satisfaction with the criminal justice system.<sup id="cite_ref-john-howard-society-victim-impact_36-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-john-howard-society-victim-impact-36" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[36]</a></sup> A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New Mexico</a> study suggested that the VIPs tended to be perceived as confrontational by multiple offenders. Such offenders then had a higher incidence of future offenses.<sup id="cite_ref-vip-deterrence-effectiveness_37-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-vip-deterrence-effectiveness-37" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[37]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Grand_Theft_Auto"><i>Grand Theft Auto</i></span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Grand Theft Auto" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>On April 29, 2008 MADD issued a press release criticizing the video game <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_IV" title="Grand Theft Auto IV" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Grand Theft Auto IV</a></i> saying it was "extremely disappointed" with the manufacturers.</b> MADD has called on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESRB" class="mw-redirect" title="ESRB" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ESRB</a> to re-rate the game to Adults Only. They also called on the manufacturer (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Rockstar</a>) "to consider a stop in distribution – if not out of responsibility to society then out of respect for the millions of victims/survivors of drunk driving.".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-38" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[38]</a></sup> Players can drive drunk in <i>Grand Theft Auto IV</i> but doing so makes it harder to drive.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-39" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[39]</a></sup> The game also explicitly recommends that the player take a taxi instead of driving, and the character makes humorous remarks suggesting that it is bad to drive drunk. Ignoring these will lead to consequences: if any police officer is around while the player is drunk driving, the player immediately becomes wanted by the police.</font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Blood_alcohol_content">Blood alcohol content</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Blood alcohol content" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Prior to the MADD's influence, drunk driving laws addressed the danger by making it a criminal offense to drive a vehicle while impaired — that is, while "under the influence of alcohol"; the amount of alcohol in the body was evidence of that impairment. The level specified at that time—commonly, 0.15%--was high enough to indicate drunkenness rather than impairment. In part due to MADD's influence, all 50 states have now passed laws making it a criminal offense to drive with a designated level of alcohol of .08% or higher.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_33-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-nelson-33" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[33]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sobriety_checkpoints">Sobriety checkpoints</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sobriety checkpoints" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h3><div role="note" class="hatnote" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Further information: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobriety_checkpoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobriety checkpoint" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sobriety checkpoint</a></font></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MADD writes that “opponents of sobriety checkpoints tend to be those who drink and drive frequently and are concerned about being caught”.<sup id="cite_ref-madd-online-sobriety-facts-and-myths_40-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-madd-online-sobriety-facts-and-myths-40" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[40]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radley_Balko" title="Radley Balko" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Radley Balko</a>, opponent of limits on drunk driving<sup id="cite_ref-Balko_27-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-Balko-27" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[27]</a></sup> and writer for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Reason Magazine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Reason Magazine</a></i>, discusses the possible social implications of some of MADD's policies in a 2002 article. He writes, "In its eight-point plan to 'jump-start the stalled war on drunk driving,' MADD advocates the use of highly publicized but random roadblocks to find drivers who have been drinking.".<sup id="cite_ref-balko-targeting_28-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-balko-targeting-28" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[28]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Beer_taxes">Beer taxes</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Beer taxes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Balko criticizes MADD for not advocating higher <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excise_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Excise tax" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">excise taxes</a> on distilled spirits, even though it campaigns for higher excise taxes for beer. He writes, "Interestingly, MADD refrains from calling for an added tax on distilled spirits, an industry that the organization has partnered with on various drunk driving awareness projects."<sup id="cite_ref-balko-targeting_28-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-balko-targeting-28" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[28]</a></sup>MADD writes, "Currently, the federal excise tax is $.05 per can of beer, $.04 for a glass of wine and $.12 for a shot of distilled spirits, which all contain about the same amount of alcohol."<sup id="cite_ref-eightpoint_16-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-eightpoint-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[16]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span title=" Dead link since April 2009">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup> Point 7 of MADD's 8-Point Plan is to "Increase beer excise taxes to equal the current excise tax on distilled spirits".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[41]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Breath_alcohol_ignition_interlock_devices">Breath alcohol ignition interlock devices</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Breath alcohol ignition interlock devices" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h3><div role="note" class="hatnote" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breath_alcohol_ignition_interlock_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Breath alcohol ignition interlock device" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Breath alcohol ignition interlock device</a></font></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Additionally, MADD has proposed that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breath_alcohol_ignition_interlock_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Breath alcohol ignition interlock device" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">breath alcohol ignition interlock devices</a> should be installed in all new cars. Tom Incantalupo wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-42" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[42]</a></sup> "Ultimately, the group said yesterday, it wants so-called alcohol interlock devices factory-installed in all new cars. "The main reason why people continue to drive drunk today is because they can," MADD president Glynn Birch said at a news teleconference from Washington, D.C."</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sarah Longwell, a spokeswoman for the restaurant <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobbying_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobbying group" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">lobbying group</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Beverage_Institute" title="American Beverage Institute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">American Beverage Institute</a>, responded to MADD's proposals for ignition interlocks by stating "This interlock campaign is not about eliminating drunk driving, it is about eliminating all moderate drinking prior to driving.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> The 40 million Americans who drink and drive responsibly should be outraged." She also points out that "Many states have laws that set the presumptive level of intoxication at .05% and you can't adjust your interlock depending on which state you're driving in. Moreover, once you factor in liability issues and sharing vehicles with underage drivers you have pushed the preset limit down to about .02%. It will be a </span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">de facto</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> zero tolerance policy."</span><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-43" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[43]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A review<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (June 2014)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> of devices concluded, "The results of the study show that interlock works for some offenders in some contexts, but not for all offenders in all situations. More specifically, ignition interlock devices work best when they are installed, although there is also some evidence that judicial orders to install an interlock are effective for repeat DUI offenders, even when not all offenders comply and install a device. California's administrative program, where repeat DUI offenders install an interlock device in order to obtain restricted driving privileges, is also associated with reductions in subsequent DUI incidents. One group for whom ignition interlock orders do not appear effective is first DUI offenders with high blood alcohol levels."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#cite_note-44" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[44]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></font></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px" background-color="background-color" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst_Initiative" title="Amethyst Initiative" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Amethyst Initiative</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choose_Responsibility" title="Choose Responsibility" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Choose Responsibility</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Driving under the influence</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduce_Impaired_Driving_Everywhere" title="Reduce Impaired Driving Everywhere" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reduce Impaired Driving Everywhere</font></a></li></ul></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">talk page 7/18</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><span class="mw-headline" id="" alternate_viewpoints="Alternate_viewpoints">"Alternate viewpoints"</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; font-family: sans-serif; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: " alternate="Alternate" viewpoints="viewpoints" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Those links were inserted disguised into opposed viewpoints, but they really are little more than hitpieces</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. I came here specificly to remove activistcash.com, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">an attack site that shouldn't be used as a source of information for anything but itself according to guidelines. I also found the parent website of activistcash. Alcohofacts and "alcohol solution" appears to be owned by the same person and there's 6 links to them. There's a blog thrown in there for good measure too. Wiki policies are fine with alternate viewpoints, but AFAIK those are just attack sites (eg.:all they do is attack MADD).</span></p><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwwspam.alcoholfacts.org/ReputationOfMADD.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">The Reputation of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.activistcash.com/organization_overview.cfm/oid/17" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">ActivistCash.com</a> - criticism on MADD's drift in emphasis to neo-prohibitionism</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consumerfreedom.com/issuepage.cfm/topic/1" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">The Center for Consumer Freedom</a>, a food and beverage organization that opposes some MADD political actions and agenda items.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spamalcoholfacts.org/CrashCourseOnMADD.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Mothers Against Drunk Driving: A Crash Course in MADD</a> -</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2spam.potsdam.edu/hansondj/index.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Alcohol: Problems and Solutions</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2spam.potsdam.edu/hansondj/Controversies/1119636699.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Candy Lightner: Founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2spam.potsdam.edu/hansondj/YoungDriversAndAlcohol.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Young Drivers and Alcohol</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getmadd.com/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">getMadd.com</a> is a site critical of MADD.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duiblog.com/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">DUIblog: Bad Drunk Driving Laws, False Evidence and a Fading Constitution"</a> includes criticism of MADD</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stopthemaddness.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Stop The MADDness!</a> by Tom Alciere, supports repeal of prohibition for those under the age of 21.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drunkard.com/issues/08_02/08_02_fighting_madd.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Fighting Madd</a>, an article in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Drunkard_Magazine" title="Modern Drunkard Magazine" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Modern Drunkard Magazine</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2spam.potsdam.edu/hansondj/DrivingIssues/1061321660.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Resources</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youthrights.org/drinkingage.shtml" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">National Youth Rights Association on the Drinking Age</a>, pro <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_rights" title="Youth rights" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">youth rights</a> organization in favor of lowering the drinking age.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duiblog.com/2004/10/20" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">DUI, MADD and the New Prohibition</a></li></ul><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;">It's not too surprising there's 4 link and several references to David J. Hanson personal website <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www2spam.potsdam.edu/hansondj" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">[1]</a>. I understand he's a longtime critic of the temperance movement. See his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J.Hanson" title="David J. Hanson" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">bio</a> and wiki account <a class="external autonumber" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:David_Justin" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">[2]</a>. He's been recently found to be engaged in an aggressive campaign of POV pushing using several (9 blocked in all) accounts on another article. See the closed case <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Suspected_sock_puppets/David_Justin" title="Wikipedia:Suspected sock puppets/David Justin" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">here</a>. So yay, some of the recent single-issue pov pushing account might be his and I'll be watching out for that. Cheers. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Jean-Philippe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Jean-Philippe (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Jean-Philippe</a> 10:26, 16 November 2006 (UTC)</dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;">With all due respect, I think you might be inserting your own POV into the article by referring to them as "hitpieces" and deleting all links critical of MADD from the article. We shouldn't have too many pieces from Hanson, but at the same time, I still believe that it's fine to include one website from him and use his work as a reference.--<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Folksong" title="User:Folksong" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Folksong</a> 21:12, 20 November 2006 (UTC)</dd><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;">...</dd></dl></dd></dl><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MADD Leader Pays High Price for the Heady Life of a Celebrity</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div>March 22, 1987|TOM GORMAN | Times Staff Writer</div><div>
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</div><div>WASHINGTON — These are heady days for businesswoman Norma Phillips--on stage with President Reagan, singing with Stevie Wonder, dining at fancy French restaurants. The price of admission was her son's death at the hands of a drunk driver.</div><div>
</div><div>She vented her anger by forming the San Diego chapter of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) in 1982; today, she is MADD's national president and by her estimate spends 80% of her time away from her luxurious home in Escondido, relentlessly campaigning from pizza parlors in Toledo to the Rayburn House Office Building in the nation's capital that drinking and driving is unacceptable.</div><div>
</div><div>It has become her passion, totally consuming a woman who does not want for diversion: a family garage filled with two Mercedes-Benzes, a Jaguar, a stretch limousine and a Rolls Royce; a ski boat docked at Lake Havasu; jewelry, and a poodle with its own bedroom in her elegant, 5,200-square-foot custom-designed home.</div><div>
</div><div>She has been spoiled rotten her entire life, Norma Phillips acknowledges, first by her parents and now by her husband of 20 years, Harold Phillips. And by her reasoning, the best way to respond to her son's death was to throw not money--what's money?--but to put virtually her every waking hour into MADD.</div><div>
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</div><div>During a 3 1/2-day visit here recently, she attended three receptions, handed out public service awards, lobbied congressmen, shared a press conference with a senator, testified at a congressional hearing, participated in an all-day drunk driving workshop and met with local MADD chapter members.</div><div>
</div><div>Everywhere she goes, Phillips, 49, projects MADD as the nation's most successful organization in readjusting society's attitude toward drinking and driving. It arguably is. But, reflecting its current leadership, MADD cuts a different image today than the one that fired up a nation to rebel against drinking drivers in the early 1980s.</div><div>
</div><div><b>It was MADD's frenzied founder, Candy Lightner, who became a folk heroine of sorts in pricking the public conscience after her daughter was killed by a drunk driver in 1980.</b></div><div>
</div><div>No Mystery to Magic</div><div>
</div><div>There was no mystery to MADD's magic in the media: here were mothers willing to go public with their grief over the loss of their children to drunk drivers in a society where the marriage of booze and cars was punishable by a slap on the wrist.</div><div>
</div><div>MADD grabbed the nation by its shoulders and shook. Legislators passed new laws, judges meted out tougher sentences, prosecutors were less willing to plea bargain, police departments got more money for drunk driving enforcement, teen-agers were spoon-fed anti-drunk driving messages and the victims of drunk drivers received counseling and support.</div><div>
</div><div>Then, MADD's board of directors and Lightner split in October, 1985. Lightner said she and MADD had together reached their peak and it was her time to bow out while on top; MADD's directors said Lightner's brand of zealous--and sometimes ungraceful--leadership had worn thin and that the organization's staff, finances and programs were beyond Lightner's management expertise.</div><div>
</div><div>Lightner left the organization with a two-year contract to serve as a $7,000-a-month consultant--with a stipulation that she would not criticize the organization she founded.</div><div>
</div><div>Concern in the Ranks</div><div>
</div><div>With Lightner's departure came concern in the ranks that the movement was destined to become institutionalized and ineffective. The novelty had worn off and now the zealous leader was gone.</div><div>
</div><div>The challenge to Phillips--who at five feet once had to stand atop a senator's briefcase to reach the television microphones at a press conference--is to keep the message fresh and stimulating, with equal doses of genuine passion and some tried-and-true cliches: "We won't be out of business until the day when no one dies from an alcohol-related crash."</div><div>
</div><div>So Phillips comes to Washington and beats her drum--not as noisily as Lightner but, some say, with a bit more rhythm and finesse.</div><div>
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</div><div>For Norma Phillips' family, the curse of drunk driving hit on Nov. 29, 1981, when Dean, 24, her only son by a previous marriage, and his girlfriend, Laticia Crosthwaite, 20, left the Phillips home in Escondido after a Thanksgiving dinner to meet Laticia's family in the Anza Borrego State Desert for a weekend of off-road vehicle fun.</div><div>
</div><div>The couple joined three other cars for the caravan to the desert. Near Warner Springs in northern San Diego County, a man driving a Rolls Royce crossed the center line of the highway and crashed head-on into Dean Phillips' pickup truck, compacting the cab to 12 inches in height.</div><div>
</div><div>Norma and Harold Phillips handled their anger differently; Harold Phillips to this day has difficulty discussing Dean's death, and was willing to simply donate money to MADD in his son's memory. Norma, on the other hand, said she needed a way to vent her anger "and I said, let's give me, not money.' "</div><div>...</div><div>...</div><div>LAT</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div>