Excide battery waste

<p>===

[http://www.alternet.org/environment/lax-regulatory-enforcement-leaves-thousands-risk-lead-poisoning-california Lax Regulatory Enforcement Leaves Thousands at Risk of Lead Poisoning in California] 11/15.

 </p>

<div>

<div>Kingston, Jack (R-GA)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style=" white-space: pre;"> </span>$500</div>

<div>Brown, Scott (R-NH)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style=" white-space: pre;"> </span>$300</div>

<div>Broun, Paul (R-GA)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style=" white-space: pre;"> </span>$250</div>

<div>big on lobby</div>

</div>

<div>==

<div>

</div>

<div>

<p style=" border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 1.625em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(55, 55, 55); line-height: 21.375px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 239);">Vernon, CA shares a dubious association with Frisco, TX, Baton Rouge, LA, Atlanta, GA, and perhaps other cities: <a href="http://www.cbecal.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/EXIDE-Fact-Sheet-4-24-14.pdf" target="_blank" style=" border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 102, 0); text-decoration: none;">their soil, air, and water have been contaminated by the battery recycler, Exide Technologies. </a>Vernon, CA is one of many ‘toxic hot spots’ in California and across the nation where homes and schools are one door away from polluting industries.

Exide has operated the facility on South Indiana street since 2000. Since then they’ve built an impressive pollution rap-sheet. Air quality regulators (South Coast Air Quality Management District or SCAQMD) deplored the serial violator as a “<a href="http://articles.latimes.com/2013/apr/03/local/la-me-exide-arsenic-20130404" target="_blank" style=" border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 102, 0); text-decoration: none;">higher cancer risk to more people than any of more than 450 facilities the agency has regulated… in the last 25 years</a>.” The consequences are recorded in people’s bodies as residents witness family members and neighbors develop major illness, such as cancer, and children’s development is stunted.

In April, 2013 officials warned that over 110,000 residents were at a heightened cancer risk from the arsenic emanating from the Vernon plant. In March this year soil testing by state officials revealed lead contamination at 80-1000 ppm in areas around Exide. In response, <a href="http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-exide-meeting-20140320,0,3823920.story#axzz2wWWffmwA" target="_blank" style=" border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 102, 0); text-decoration: none;">regulators suggested residents wash their hands</a>.</p>

</div>

<div>

<div>A battery recycling plant that violated hazardous waste laws and spewed toxic emissions for decades on the outskirts of Los Angeles will close and spend $50 million to clean the site and surrounding neighborhoods, federal prosecutors announced Thursday.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>Exide Technologies admitted felony violations over 20 years but avoided criminal prosecution in the agreement that achieves what residents of surrounding poor communities couldn't get state regulators to do for years despite a long history of violation notices and fines.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>"Our long nightmare is over," Monsignor John Moretta of Resurrection Church said on behalf of community groups. "We have attended dozens and dozens of meetings and hearings always fighting for what we saw as something obvious: Exide was poisoning our community and had to be closed."</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>The 15-acre Vernon plant, 5 miles southeast of downtown Los Angeles, had been idle for a year amid legal and environmental battles, but its owners hoped to reopen.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>Local, state and federal officials have for years cited Exide for emitting excessive lead and arsenic and violating hazardous material laws.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>The agreement allows the Milton, Georgia-based company to emerge from bankruptcy and afford the cleanup rather than being forced to liquidate assets and close operations in more than 80 countries, where it employs about 10,000 people.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>"If the company was no longer viable, we would no longer be able to achieve the immediate result of the facility's closure, and the government would be left holding the bag for the cleanup," Acting U.S. Attorney Stephanie Yonekura said. "This is the best solution for a very difficult environmental problem."</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>The cleanup will be overseen by the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, which issued an order Thursday to close the facility after finding it cannot meet public health and environmental safeguards.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>The department was harshly criticized for failing to protect the public as dangerously high lead levels were found in the lawns of people living in Maywood and the city's largely Latino neighborhood of Boyle Heights.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>"The facility was allowed to operate without a permit for decades, leaking lead, arsenic and other hazardous waste materials into the streets where children play," state Senate leader Kevin De Leon said at a legislative hearing Thursday. "Those who let this happen must be held accountable."</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>DTSC Director Barbara Lee said later that given her agency's history she understands skepticism about it making sure Exide follows through with the cleanup. But she said the department had shown in the past two years it was serious about cracking down on the plant.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>The company said it signed the agreement with prosecutors after being notified DTSC would reject its hazardous waste facility permit.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>The agreement requires Exide to use $38.6 million it agreed to set aside last fall for closure and cleanup of its site and another $9 million for cleaning up soil around 216 surrounding homes. After those homes are cleaned up, the company must expand cleanup to other areas.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>Cleanup is expected to take at least five years and is one of eight sites the company is responsible for cleaning up nationwide, said Assistant U.S. Attorney Joseph Johns.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>If Exide doesn't complete the cleanup, it could be criminally prosecuted and face fines up to $500,000 a day for each felony violation of illegal disposal, storage and transportation of hazardous waste it admitted over two decades. The company acknowledged it hauled waste in leaking trucks more than 100 miles from Los Angeles to a Bakersfield facility not permitted to receive hazardous material, Johns said.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>He said the decision was tough for prosecutors, but it made more sense for the community.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>"The right thing to do was not worry about sending one or two people to jail for a year or two, but rather prevent another 50- to 100-year sentence for 110,000 people," Johns said.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>The Vernon plant had been in operation since 1922 when Exide took over in 2000.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>It employed 130 people in recycling operations that melted down the lead core in used car batteries and shipped the lead to Exide's battery manufacturing plants. Prosecutors estimated the plant recycled 30,000 to 40,000 batteries a day and grossed $15 million to $38 million a year.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>Community and environmental groups planned a meeting Thursday night to celebrate the closure.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>"We've been the dumping ground for Exide for so long," said Mark Lopez, who grew up in Boyle Heights and is the third-generation of his family to demonstrate against the plant. "For a long time Exide was told they didn't have to follow the rules."</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>The rules are now set down in a six-page agreement signed by the company's CEO.</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>Read more here: http://www.newsobserver.com/living/health-fitness/article13724999.html#storylink=cpy</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>Related</div>

<div>

</div>

<div> Assistant U.S. Attorney Joseph Johns, right, with Bill Swallow, left, special agent in charge of Dept. of Transportation Office of Inspector General talks during a news conference in Los Angeles, Thursday, March 12, 2015. A Los Angeles County battery recycling plant with a long history of violations of air pollution and hazardous waste laws will close under the agreement with federal prosecutors that requires the company to spend $50 million to clean up the site and surrounding neighborhoods. The deal will result in the immediate and permanent shuttering of the Exide Technologies plant, in Vernon, Calif.</div>

<div>Assistant U.S. Attorney Joseph Johns, right, with Bill Swallow, left, special agent in charge of Dept. of Transportation Office of Inspector General talks during a news conference in Los Angeles, Thursday, March 12, 2015. A Los Angeles County battery recycling plant with a long history of violations of air pollution and hazardous waste laws will close under the agreement with federal prosecutors that requires the company to spend $50 million to clean up the site and surrounding neighborhoods. The deal will result in the immediate and permanent shuttering of the Exide Technologies plant, in Vernon, Calif. | Nick Ut AP Photo</div>

</div>

<div>

</div>

<div>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Exide Technologies</b> is an American manufacturer of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery" title="Lead–acid battery" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">lead-acid batteries</a>, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery" title="Automotive battery" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">automotive batteries</a> and industrial batteries. Its four global business groups (Transportation Americas, Transportation Europe and Rest of World, Industrial Power Americas, and Industrial Power Europe and Rest of World) provide stored electrical energy products and services.

Exide’s global headquarters are located in Milton, Georgia. It has both manufacturing and recycling plants. The former are located throughout the U.S., Pacific Rim, Europe and Australia. Recycling plants are located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Canon Hollow, Missouri; Muncie, Indiana; and Reading, Pennsylvania. Two former recycling plants of theirs - in Frisco, Texas and Vernon, California plants have been closed in 2012 and 2013 due to regulatory inspections that found toxic emissions and/or leakages of lead and cadmium.<sup id="cite_ref-scpr.org_1-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-scpr.org-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup>

Transportation markets include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">original-equipment</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermarket_(automotive)" title="Aftermarket (automotive)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">aftermarket</a> automotive, heavy-duty truck, agricultural, and marine applications, and new technologies for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hybrid vehicles</a>. Industrial markets include network power applications such as telecommunications systems, electric utilities, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">rail transport</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic" title="Photovoltaic" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">photovoltaic</a> (solar-power related), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply" title="Uninterruptible power supply" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">uninterruptible power supply</a> (UPS), and motive-power applications including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forklift_truck" title="Forklift truck" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">forklift trucks</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">mining</a>, and other commercial vehicles.

 </p>

<h2 style=" color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13.3000001907349px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#History" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#Sponsorships" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Sponsorships</span></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#References" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#External_links" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2 style=" font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exide&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Exide's predecessor corporation was the <b>Electric Storage Battery Company</b>, founded by W.W. Gibbs in 1888. Gibbs purchased the ideas and patents of inventor Clement Payen to make the storage battery a commercial product. Gibbs targeted electric lighting companies so they could use the storage batteries to provide services to their customers.<sup id="cite_ref-Company_History_2-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-Company_History-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup>

<span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 1899, an Electric Storage battery provided the submerged power for the</span></span><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Holland_(SS-1)" title="USS Holland (SS-1)" style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">USS Holland (SS-1)</a></span><span style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">,</span><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and Electric Storage remained a significant supplier of</span></span><span style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Navy" title="US Navy" class="mw-redirect" style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">US Navy</a><span style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine" style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">submarine</a><span style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> batteries at least through </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">World War II</a><span style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Rice" title="Isaac Rice" style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Isaac Rice</a><span style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, president of Electric Storage in 1899, was instrumental in founding the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Boat_Company" title="Electric Boat Company" class="mw-redirect" style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Electric Boat Company</a><span style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> as a bailout of the Holland Torpedo Boat Company.</span><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">An important early customer for Electric Storage was the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Launch_Company" title="Electric Launch Company" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Electric Launch Company</a><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, also known as Elco.</span>

In 1900, the Electric Storage Battery Company developed a product of greater capacity and less weight for electric <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicab" title="Taxicab" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">taxicabs</a>. This battery was the first to bear the name <i><b>Exide</b></i>, short for "Excellent Oxide".<sup id="cite_ref-Company_History_2-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-Company_History-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup>

<span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 1911, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_F.Kettering" title="Charles F. Kettering" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Charles F. Kettering</a> turned to the Electric Storage Battery Company for a suitable <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery" title="Automotive battery" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">automotive battery</a> to complement his new <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter(engine)" title="Starter (engine)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">electric starter</a></span><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-PopSci_1951-09_p111_3-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-PopSci_1951-09_p111-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> This project yielded the first car battery of the modern type.</span><sup id="cite_ref-PopSci_1951-09_p111_3-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-PopSci_1951-09_p111-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (Within 5 years, there was a substantial field of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aftermarket" title="Automotive aftermarket" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">aftermarket</a><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> brands in storage batteries and starters for automobiles, as evidenced by the advertisements in automotive trade journals of the era.)</span>

When the United States entered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">World War I</a>, Exide batteries were used to operate airplane radio sets and power <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_station" title="Radio station" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">radio stations</a>.

In 1938, the Electric Storage Battery Company acquired the Giant Storage Battery Company, and expanded into battery chargers and testers.<sup id="cite_ref-Company_History_2-2" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-Company_History-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup>

During <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">World War II</a>, the Electric Storage Battery Company was a major supplier of batteries for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Navy" title="U.S. Navy" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. Navy</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">submarines</a> and primary contractor for batteries used in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_18_torpedo" title="Mark 18 torpedo" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Mark 18</a> electric <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">torpedo</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Blair_1976_4-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-Blair_1976-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a></sup>

Exide entered the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry-cell" title="Dry-cell" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">dry-cell</a> battery industry in 1957 when it acquired the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayovac" title="Rayovac" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ray-O-Vac Company</a>, the then second largest producer of dry-cell batteries in the US.

Following the acquisition of the Wisconsin Battery Company, Exide started producing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">motorcycle</a> and specialty batteries.

In 1987 Exide acquired General Battery Corporation and moved the company headquarters to</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania" style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Reading, Pennsylvania</a><span style=" line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Company_History_2-3" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-Company_History-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spatz2001-3-24_5-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-Spatz2001-3-24-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></sup><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 1972 Exide acquired the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_Storage_Battery_Company" title="Edison Storage Battery Company" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Edison</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_Storage_Battery_Company" title="Edison Storage Battery Company" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> Storage Battery Company</a><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, which had developed a practical </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel-iron_battery" title="Nickel-iron battery" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">nickel-iron battery</a><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> in 1901. The production of this type of battery was subsequently discontinued in 1975.</span>

Exide became a publicly traded company in October 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Spatz1993-11-3_6-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-Spatz1993-11-3-6" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a></sup>

In 1996 Exide acquired the French/Italian battery corporation CEAC, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clichy,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Clichy</a>. With this acquisition also came the rights to the German brands <i>Sonnenschein</i> and <i>dryfit</i>. The company <i>Accumulatorenfabrik Sonnenschein</i> had been founded in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Berlin</a> in 1910 by Theodor Sonnenschein, and had <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent" title="Patent" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">patented</a> the gel-cell type of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRLA_battery" title="VRLA battery" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">valve-regulated lead–acid battery</a> in 1957. (Marketed worldwide under the name <i>dryfit</i>).

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_M.Hawkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur M. Hawkins (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Arthur M. Hawkins</a><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> resigned as chairman and chief executive officer of Exide in October 1998.</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-7" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></sup><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Lutz" title="Robert A. Lutz" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert A. Lutz</a>, former president and vice chairman at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Corporation" title="Chrysler Corporation" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Chrysler Corporation</a>, was appointed Exide's Chairman of the Board.</span><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> He reorganized the worldwide management structure into Global Business Units and sold off non-battery units to allow the company to concentrate on its primary business.</span>

In 2000 Exide acquired <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNB_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNB Technologies (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">GNB Technologies</a>, a North American supplier of automotive batteries.<sup id="cite_ref-Company_History_2-4" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-Company_History-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup>

In 2002 Exide filed for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">bankruptcy</a> after compiling a debt of $2.5 billion as a result of the recent acquisitions.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_2002-04-16_8-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-NYTimes_2002-04-16-8" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a></sup> In April 2004, a judge approved the company's plan to eliminate $1.3 billion in debt and exit bankruptcy protection by the end of the month<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-9" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a></sup>

<span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In April 2013, Exide's plant in Vernon, California (Los Angeles County) was shut down by California regulators for arsenic and lead leakage and emissions.</span><sup id="cite_ref-scpr.org_1-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-scpr.org-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-10" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-11" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup>

In June 2013 Exide again filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection with the aim of cutting debt and implementing a restructuring plan to better compete in the market (Exide Technologies, Case No. 13-11482, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, District of Delaware).</p>

<h2 style=" font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sponsorships">Sponsorships</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exide&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sponsorships" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Exide is a sponsor of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Automotive_X-Prize_Team" title="Cornell Automotive X-Prize Team" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cornell Automotive X-Prize Team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornell_12-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-Cornell-12" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup>

Exide Technologies has signed an agreement to be the sole lead-acid battery supplier for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REVA" title="REVA" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">REVA</a> (Revolutionary Electric Vehicle Alternative) car-making project in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bangalore</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PRNewswire_2001-05-15_13-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_note-PRNewswire_2001-05-15-13" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup>

Exide was also formerly a sponsor of NASCAR driver <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Burton" title="Jeff Burton" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Jeff Burton</a>. It is currently an associate sponsor and occasional primary sponsor of<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turner_Scott_Motorsports" title="Turner Scott Motorsports" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Turner Scott Motorsports</a>.</p>

<h2 style=" font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exide&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2>

<li id="cite_note-scpr.org-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-scpr.org_1-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style=" line-height: 1; font-size: 10.0799999237061px;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-scpr.org_1-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><sup style=" line-height: 1; font-size: 10.0799999237061px;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.scpr.org/blogs/environment/2013/06/03/13867/exide-technologies-faq-everything-you-need-to-know/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">http://www.scpr.org/blogs/environment/2013/06/03/13867/exide-technologies-faq-everything-you-need-to-know/</a></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-Company_History-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-Company_History_2-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style=" line-height: 1; font-size: 10.0799999237061px;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-Company_History_2-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><sup style=" line-height: 1; font-size: 10.0799999237061px;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-Company_History_2-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><sup style=" line-height: 1; font-size: 10.0799999237061px;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-Company_History_2-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><sup style=" line-height: 1; font-size: 10.0799999237061px;"><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-Company_History_2-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><sup style=" line-height: 1; font-size: 10.0799999237061px;"><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Information from webpages formerly accessible through <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.exide.com/history.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">http://www.exide.com/history.html</a>. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.exide.com/en/about/our-history.aspx" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">http://www.exide.com/en/about/our-history.aspx</a></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-PopSci_1951-09_p111-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-PopSci_1951-09_p111_3-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style=" line-height: 1; font-size: 10.0799999237061px;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-PopSci_1951-09_p111_3-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><sup style=" line-height: 1; font-size: 10.0799999237061px;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITEREFWaltz1951" class="citation" style=" word-wrap: break-word;">Waltz, George H. (September 1951), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=YyEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA11#v=onepage&f=false" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Bet I'm the toughest battery in town"</a>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Popular Science</a></i> <b>159</b> (3): 110–113.</span></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-Blair_1976-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-Blair_1976_4-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text">Blair, Clay, Jr. <i>Silent Victory</i> (New York: Bantam, 1976), p.280.</span></li>

<li id="cite_note-Spatz2001-3-24-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-Spatz2001-3-24_5-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style=" word-wrap: break-word;">Spatz, Don (2001-03-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u_khAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-qIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1055%2C4951540" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Battery Maker to Pay $27.5 Million Fine"</a>. <i>Reading Eagle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style=" white-space: nowrap;">2013-12-28</span></span>.</span></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-Spatz1993-11-3-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-Spatz1993-11-3_6-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style=" word-wrap: break-word;">Spatz, Don (1993-11-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rfghAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kqIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1648%2C376583" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Exide Goes Public With Stock Offering"</a>. <i>Reading Eagle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style=" white-space: nowrap;">2013-12-28</span></span>.</span></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-7" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style=" word-wrap: break-word;">White, Gregory L.; Sendler, Emily R. (1998-10-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/398659316" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Exide Corp.'s Chairman, CEO Resigns; Earnings to Fall Far Short of Estimates"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style=" white-space: nowrap;">2013-12-28</span></span>.</span></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-NYTimes_2002-04-16-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-NYTimes_2002-04-16_8-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style=" word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E1DF1E3CF935A25757C0A9649C8B63" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">" "Company News; Exide Technologies Files For Bankruptcy Protection"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 2002-04-16.</span></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-9" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style=" word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/17/business/company-news-exide-s-plan-to-cut-1.3-billion-in-debt-is-approved.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"COMPANY NEWS; EXIDE'S PLAN TO CUT $1.3 BILLION IN DEBT IS APPROVED"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" title="New York Times" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New York Times</a>. 2004-04-17.</span></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-10" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style=" word-wrap: break-word;">Peterson, Molly; Zassenhaus, Eric; Keller, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projects.scpr.org/static/timelines/exide-shutdown-timeline/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Exide's shutdown in Vernon"</a>. <i>89.3 KPCC</i>. Southern California Public Radio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved<span class="nowrap" style=" white-space: nowrap;">2013-12-28</span></span>.</span></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-11" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.scpr.org/news/2013/06/03/37535/vernon-battery-recycler-exide-seeks-a-second-chanc/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">http://www.scpr.org/news/2013/06/03/37535/vernon-battery-recycler-exide-seeks-a-second-chanc/</a></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-Cornell-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-Cornell_12-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornellaxp.com/partners/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Cornell automotive list of sponsors</a></span></li>

<li id="cite_note-PRNewswire_2001-05-15-13" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exide#cite_ref-PRNewswire_2001-05-15_13-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/05-15-2001/0001493979&EDATE=" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Exide Technologies to Supply Batteries to REVA Electric Vehicle Project; Company Signs Agreement as Sole Battery Supplier</a></span></li>

</ol>

<h2 style=" font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exide&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exide.com/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Exide official site</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20111202195250/http:/competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1960_1969/025vehicles.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;"><i>Report on the Supply of Electrical Equipment for Mechanically Propelled land Vehicles</i></a>, UK Board of Trade, Monopolies Commission, 1963. Chapter 4 goes into some history concerning Exide, Chloride and Dryex batteries.</li>

</ul>

</div>

</div>