Harvard Bak

818 capt<div>
</div><div><div>harvard818</div><div>
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</div><div>see HARVARD 2 818</div><div>
</div><div>CAPT 818</div><div>
</div><div>promoted to primary, officially sellout, tho could redeem itself via divestment</div><div>
</div><div>see kennedy school (some dubious ppl?)</div><div>
</div><div>---</div><div>
</div><div>Giants peter p:</div><div>
</div><div>of the 199 power elite managers</div><div>
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</div><div>(70 percent) are male. Eighty-four percent are whites of Euro-</div><div>
</div><div>pean descent. The 199 power elite managers hold 147 graduate</div><div>
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</div><div>degrees, including 59 MBAs, 22 JDs, 23 PhDs, and 35 MA/MS</div><div>
</div><div>degrees. Almost all have attended elite private colleges, with 28</div><div>
</div><div>attending Harvard or Stanford.</div><div>
</div><div>People from twenty nations...</div><div>
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</div><div>https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13062018/trump-epa-air-pollution-data-clean-water-regulations-public-health-environmental-laws-harvard-study</div><div>
</div><div>Using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's own numbers, two Harvard scientists have calculated that 80,000 more lives will be lost per decade if President Donald Trump's administration fulfills its plans to roll back clean air and water protections.</div><div>
</div><div>The researchers, terming their tally "an extremely conservative estimate," also estimated that the repeal of regulations will lead to respiratory problems for more than 1 million people. Their essay was published Tuesday in the authoritative Journal of the American Medical Association.</div><div>
</div><div>"We felt it was important to take a comprehensive view," said Francesca Dominici, a biostatistician and co-director of the Data Science Initiative at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. "Some people, when looking at one specific repealing of a rule, might not think it's important. We wanted to put some numbers on the whole systematic repeal of rule after rule."</div><div>
</div><div>She&nbsp; and David Cutler, an economist at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, drew their calculation from the health risk assessments that the EPA conducted during the Obama administration when determining the impact of rules it proposed. Last week, the Trump administration signaled it plans to overhaul the way that those cost-benefit studies are conducted. The agency is taking comments for the next 30 days on its plan, which has the potential to reduce the weight given to human health and climate benefits.</div><div>
</div><div>Dominici and Cutler decried creating greater risks to the public's health for the benefit of "a relatively few well-connected companies."</div><div>
</div><div>"The effects of the Trump administration's policies seem clear, even through the haze they will create," they wrote.</div><div>
</div><div>Pruitt's EPA Challenging the Assessments</div><div>The EPA dismissed the article because it was not peer-reviewed but appeared instead in the JAMA Forum, where researchers offer perspectives. "This is not a scientific article, it's a political article," the EPA said in response to InsideClimate News' request for comment.</div><div>
</div><div>But Dominici noted that she and Cutler pulled the numbers directly from the EPA risk assessments that had been developed for each of the rules they analyzed. "The EPA numbers themselves all rely on peer-reviewed science," Dominici said.</div><div>
</div><div>The EPA numbers, in fact, are being challenged and in some cases scaled back by the Trump administration as it seeks to revoke or replace Obama-era rules. But these moves face numerous legal challenges, and the agency will have to show that it has not acted arbitrarily or capriciously to pass muster in the courts.</div><div>
</div><div>It's hard to argue against the ample evidence that if air quality standards are relaxed, the health of those who breathe the air will suffer. The same goes for standards for water, pesticides, toxic waste and so on. Runaway climate change, too, would present a wide range of public health risks.</div><div>
</div><div>One Rollback, Majority of Respiratory Illnesses</div><div>The largest and most immediate health consequences are likely to come through erosion of air quality, Cutler and Domenici wrote. They included in their calculation the repeal of President Barack Obama's signature climate change initiative, the Clean Power Plan, as well as the rollback of vehicle fuel economy standards and Trump's tariffs on solar power components from abroad.</div><div>
</div><div>About 90 percent of the increase in respiratory ailments can be attributed to one deregulatory move—the effort to re-open a loophole that allowed trucks that don't comply with pollution rules to remain on the road, the authors found.</div><div>
</div><div>Public health scientists have been raising increasing alarms as EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt has advanced Trump's deregulatory agenda. They have protested Pruitt's move to bar government-funded scientists from sitting on the agency's Science Advisory Board, and nearly 1,000 scientists signed a letter opposing Pruitt's plan to place restrictions on the EPA's use of science.</div><div>
</div><div>Pruitt's 'Secret Science' Plan Targets Health Data</div><div>In their JAMA essay, Dominici and Cutler singled out the move to curb agency use of science as one of the most potentially consequential, because Pruitt is targeting epidemiological studies of human subjects. Although Pruitt calls this a move for greater "transparency," Dominici said it would in fact bar EPA consideration of precisely the kinds of studies that formed the basis of the calculations that she and Cutler did.</div><div>
</div><div>"They are attacking the science because the science is what is putting the number of deaths where they are," she said. "It's a tactic to discredit the science, so that health impact analysis will not be able to be done any more."</div><div>
</div><div>The EPA, which received more than 150,000 public comments in 30 days on its proposal to restrict agency science, has extended the comment periodon that proposal through August.&nbsp; The agency also has set a July 17 hearing in Washington, D.C., on the plan.</div><div>
</div><div>PUBLISHED UNDER:</div><div>REGULATION</div><div>HEALTH SCOTT PRUITT DONALD TRUMP</div><div>
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</div><div>dad bought way into university; prosecuted by chris christie:</div><div>
</div><div>https://www.propublica.org/article/the-story-behind-jared-kushners-curious-acceptance-into-harvard</div><div></div><div>http://www.alternet.org/education/story-behind-jared-kushners-curious-acceptance-harvard</div><div></div><div>
</div><div>Kennedy school:</div><div>
</div><div>entine gmo:&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Calestous Juma, Harvard University</div><div>
</div><div>Boston Globe: Harvard Professor Failed to Disclose Monsanto Connection in Paper Touting GMOs</div><div>Harvard Crimson: Prof Failed To Disclose Connection to Company in Paper</div><div>usrtk</div><div>
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</div><div>8. David Shaw. According to the New York Times piece, Monsanto provided at least $880,000 in grants to Mississippi State University’s vice president for research and economic development.</div><div>
</div><div>The FOIA emails show [43] that Shaw was approached by both Monsanto and Dow Chemical to submit comments to the USDA to approve the former’s Roundup Ready 2 Xtend GMO soybeans and the latter’s Enlist weedkiller. Dow executive Larry Walton sent a June 2015 email [44] to Shaw requesting his support for Enlist. In the message, Walton noted that the Mississippi Agricultural Industry Council, where Walton is president, has provided scholarship funds to Mississippi State students. Shaw agreed to the two requests.</div><div>
</div><div>Shaw, Folta and seven other professors were also included in an August 2013 group email [45] from Sachs, the Monsanto outreach executive. Sachs asks the group to lend their academic gravitas on a series of articles touting the benefits of GMOs aimed at the general public. The Monsanto exec even assigned them topics and provided talking points and added that company-hired PR firms would plug the finished articles.</div><div>
</div><div>“The key to success is participation by all of you—recognized leaders with the knowledge, reputation and communication experience needed to communicate authoritatively with the target groups,” the email stated.</div><div>
</div><div>Shaw and Cornell entomologist and professor Anthony Shelton were tasked with the topic, “sustainable crop systems” and the professors complied. The final co-authored article, “Green Genes: Sustainability Advantages of Herbicide Tolerant and Insect Resistant Crops,” was published [46] by the Genetic Literacy Project, an organization critics [47] have labeled an agrichemical industry front group.</div><div>
</div><div>9. Calestous Juma. The Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government professor was also part of the Sachs group email. Juma, who is enthusiastically pro-GMO [48], wrote a December 2014 piece [49] titled, “Global Risks of Rejecting Agricultural Biotechnology,” a topic—and a similar headline—Sachs suggested. The piece was also published by the Genetic Literacy Project.&nbsp; &nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Citing the FOIA emails, the Boston Globe [50] described how Monsanto connected Juma with a marketing company to promote his paper “as part of Monsanto’s strategy to win over the public and lawmakers.” The international development specialist defended his piece, telling the Boston Globe he was not paid by Monsanto and merely pulled material from his previously published book on the topic.</div><div>
</div><div>“It’s not that I was trying to hide anything,” Juma said.</div><div>
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</div><div>richard wolff 1/1/15 30b no taxes; MA SB propsed 1% (= 20% on INCREASE)&nbsp; harvard</div><div>
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</div><div>This is the second in a three-part series. Read the first story here.</div><div>
</div><div>The conservative “secret science” campaign harkens back nearly twenty years.</div><div>
</div><div>In late 1996, industry was trying to fight the Environmental Protection Agency’s first efforts to set a fine particle pollution air quality standard of "PM2.5," the abbreviation used for particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter.</div><div>
</div><div>Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE), an astroturf lobbying group founded by the petrochemical industrialist brothers Charles and David Koch in 1984, warned that the “effects of the new air quality standards on the economy would be devastating,” based in part on economic analyses conducted by the Center for Study of Public Choice at George Mason University – a group also funded by the Koch brothers. The CSE co-founder and president was Koch Industries vice president Rich Fink, a George Mason economist who has sat on the board of the school's public choice center.</div><div>
</div><div>CSE, the precursor to the Tea Party groups FreedomWorks and Americans for Prosperity, was then led by C. Boyden Gray, an heir to the Reynolds tobacco fortune and GOP kingmaker. In addition to running the tobacco-and-polluter-funded “grassroots” CSE, Gray also managed the Orwellian-sounding “Air Quality Standards Coalition,” an industry coalition coordinated by the National Association of Manufacturers to fight EPA limits on soot and smog pollution.</div><div>
</div><div>As industry was not getting much traction with the “it’s going to cost too much” argument, Gray’s group employed street theater as a political tactic.</div><div>
</div><div>In January 1997, attendees of a Senate hearing on the proposed EPA rules encountered a group of people wearing white lab coats holding signs saying, “Harvard, release the data!” The supposed scientists in fact came from CSE. In addition, CSE took out ads in the Chicago Tribune attacking the Harvard brand, and writers in the libertarian-industrial network questioned the legitimacy of the studies and demanded the release of the private medical records at their core.</div><div>
</div><div>“The unwillingness of the study's authors to allow access to basic data is troubling; such secrecy is incompatible with the modern scientific process,” complained a CSE publication in June 1997.</div><div>
</div><div>CSE also found an ideological hook for the economic-damage attacks, spinning pollution limits as an assault on freedom. “Imagine that – a new government regulation that takes away our freedom to celebrate our freedom," said a CSE radio advertisement in the summer of 1997. The ad claimed that the proposed air pollution regulations would ruin Independence Day by outlawing barbecues, lawn mowers, and fireworks.</div><div>
</div><div>The outcome of the campaign was threefold: a weakening and delay of ozone and particulate-matter rules; a $50 million taxpayer-funded project to reconfirm the results; and legislation compelling that the data generated by federally funded research be made available to industry and the public.</div><div>
</div><div>Fast forward to last year.</div><div>
</div><div>“The data in question have not been subjected to scrutiny and analysis by independent scientists,” Rep. Lamar Smith (R-Texas) charged in a recent Wall Street Journal op-ed.</div><div>
</div><div>Yet Smith’s claim that the studies and the underlying patient data did not undergo independent analysis is false. In fact, in 1997, while Smith was serving his sixth term, Congress appropriated $49.6 million for a major research program into fine particulate matter, including a reanalysis of the Harvard and ACS studies by the Health Effects Institute. Smith voted for the bill.</div><div>
</div><div>“When we got the medical records from Harvard, I personally signed a confidentiality agreement, as did the investigators at University of Ottawa. The data was conveyed to a locked room with limited access,” said Health Effects Institute president Dan Greenbaum in an interview.</div><div>
</div><div>In 2000, the group issued a 297-page report entitled “Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study and the American Cancer Society Study of Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality.” The explicit goal of that study was “to conduct a rigorous and independent assessment of the findings of the Six Cities and ACS Studies of air pollution and mortality.”</div><div>
</div><div>In short, the HEI assessment confirmed the studies’ results. So did a separate HEI analysis of public records from 90 cities known as the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study.</div><div>
</div><div>A charitable interpretation is that this multi-year, multi-million-dollar taxpayer effort advanced epidemiological methodologies. Others might say that polluters knowingly gamed the system by unfairly casting doubt on well-founded science.</div><div>
</div><div>The Shelby Amendment</div><div>
</div><div>Following these EPA battles, Sen. Richard Shelby (R-Ala.) drafted the Data Access Act, better known as the Shelby Amendment, in response to his inability to get the underlying medical records from the Harvard Six Cities and American Cancer Society studies.</div><div>
</div><div>The Shelby amendment mandated that “all data produced under a [federally funded] award will be made available to the public through the procedures established under the Freedom of Information Act [FOIA].” The Office of Management and Budget drafted rules to implement the Shelby amendment that limited the scope to research “used in developing an agency action that has the force and effect of law” and carved out exceptions for confidential data.</div><div>
</div><div>Efforts to repeal the Shelby amendment in 1999 led tobacco and oil industry consultant Steve Milloy to coin the term “secret science.” In February, Milloy launched the “Stop Secret Science” sweepstakes, offering a Wall Street Journal subscription to people who sent a comment to OMB on the “secret science” rule. Soon, the Washington Times and the New York Post published “secret science” editorials, and an oil executive attacked the “secret science” of the EPA rules. But the term failed to catch on, perhaps because most politicians couldn’t claim with a straight face that confidential medical records should be made public on industry’s behalf.</div><div>
</div><div>The Shelby amendment had little actual impact on the Harvard and ACS studies. The ACS data is not funded by federal or public dollars, and is not subject to the Data Access Act. Essentially all of the non-confidential records and data from the Harvard Six Cities research has been made public, a process that was underway before the passage of the amendment.</div><div>
</div><div>Whatever the intent, the Shelby amendment marked an important shift in the balance of power between industry and the public, as corporate researchers could get access to federally funded work without any expectation of a quid pro quo.</div><div>
</div><div>Forcing a Document Release</div><div>
</div><div>Fifteen years later, Rep. Lamar Smith was ready to go further.</div><div>
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</div><div>more lateral infiltration: harvard observatory partners with smithsonian, soon and baliunus get harvard stamp of approval: huge FF $ to Soon:&nbsp; aerospace degree (diss refers to atmos?) promoted to astrophysics</div><div>
</div><div>Dr. Soon is now employed as astrophysicist with the Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory (SAO). He is most famous for his work with fellow astrophysicist Sallie Baliunas, writing the first paper that attempted to challenge the ‘hockey stick’ graph of temperature records published by Dr Michael Mann.</div><div>
</div><div>Key findings:</div><div>$1.3 Million in corporate funding: The FOIA response from the Smithsonian reveals that more than half (over $1.3 million) of Willie Soon’s total funding since 2001 has come from the oil and electric utility industry (coal). Since 2002, every new grant he has received has been from either oil & coal interests or Donors Trust.&nbsp;</div><div>UPDATE FEB. 2013: Willie Soon now gets funding funneled through Donors Trust, the secretive "Dark Money ATM" used by the Kochs and other wealthy elites to obscure their contributions to controversial sources--see the Guardian and Mother Jones. Since 2002, Donors Trust and Donors Capital Fund have sent $146 million to 102 groups that deny climate science and obstruct policy solutions to global warming.</div><div>Polar bear junk science funding revealed: While Dr. Soon revealed in a 2007 non-peer reviewed Ecological Complexity article on polar bears and Arctic ice that his research was funded by ExxonMobil, the American Petroleum Institute and the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, neither the corporate funders or Dr. Soon have ever acknowledged the extent, dollar figures or timing of those grants.</div><div>More Koch Funding: The FOIA response from Smithsonian uncovered an additional grant in 2010 from the Charles G. Koch Foundation of $65,000. UPDATE FEB. 2013: New FOIA results show an additional $55,000 from the Kochs for Willie Soon's work from 2010-2012.</div><div>Southern Company dirty coal funding: The Smithsonian documents also revealed two previously unknown grants totaling $230,000 from the Southern Company, one of the largest coal burning electric utilities in the United States and in world. FEB. 2013 UPDATE: New FOIA results show an additional $120,000 from Southern Company for Willie Soon's work from 2011-2012.</div><div>Additional corporate funders: Other papers written by Dr. Soon and reviewed by Greenpeace researchers show that the American Petroleum Institute has been funding Dr. Soon since the mid-1990s, a period when he also acknowledged funding from Mobil, Texacoand the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) a research and lobby shop funded by the electric utilities.</div><div>Attack on IPCC report: Correspondence uncovered in our investigation reveals Dr. Soon coordinating a plan in 2003 to undermine the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Assessment Report (AR4) Working Group 1 report–years before the report was released in 2007.</div><div>Willie Soon’s Backers:&nbsp; Big Coal and Big Oil</div><div>Since 2001, Willie Soon has received direct funding for his research of $1.033 million from Big Coal and Big Oil interests. In contrast, he received $842,079 from conventional government or university funders in the same period. The last grant he received from a funder with no ties to dirty energy interests was in 2002 (a grant that carried through to 2006). Since then, he has been entirely funded by the fossil fuel industry.&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>The Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation gave two grants to Dr. Soon totaling $175,000. The 2005-6 grant for $110,000 from the “Koch Foundation” is titled&nbsp; "Koch/Mobile [sic] Charitable foundation." This two year grant came from the Charles G. Koch Foundation according to Media Matters Transperancy.</div><div>
</div><div>The 2010 grant for $65,000 is titled "Understanding solar variability and climate change." Dr. Soon’s acknowledgement in the 2007 polar bear paper published in the Journal of Ecological Complexity says he received funding from the Charles G. Koch Foundation.</div><div>
</div><div>American Petroleum Institute (API) gave Dr. Soon multiple grants from 2001 to 2007 totalling nearly $274,000 for research apparently of interest to the oil industry, such as the "Sun's impact on climate over the last 1000 years." Additional grants of unknown amounts were given to Dr. Soon from 1994-1997.</div><div>
</div><div>ExxonMobil Foundation has heavily funded Dr. Soon in at least four grants between 2005 and 2010 totaling $335,000. The titles for these grants range from "project support" to "Exxon-Arctic climate change." It is not known whether ExxonMobil is still funding Dr. Soon, but Exxon did note in its 2007 Corporate Citizenship Report,&nbsp;</div><div>"…we will discontinue contributions to several public policy groups whose position on climate change could divert attention from the important discussion on how the world will secure energy required for economic growth in a responsible manner."&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Southern Company is new to the list of known funders of Willie Soon. Our FOIA request to Smithsonian revealed that Southern Company, the giant coal burning utility, gave Dr. Soon two grants: $110,000 in 2005-06 for "Understanding Arctic Climate Change" and $120,000 in 2008-09 for "Solar variability and climate change signals from temperature," areas of research that Southern Company appears to have a keen interest in. This funding and relationship with Southern and EPRI might explain Dr. Soon’s "expertise" in mercury (see below), as the EPA finalizes overdue rules on mercury emissions from coal-fired power stations. Oil burning does not result in mercury emissions, but coal burning does.</div><div>
</div><div>Willie Soon regularly teamed with the SAO’s other astrophysicist, Sallie Baliunas, to defend fossil fuels and attack climate science. Some grants were split between them. This denier duo has received $1.153 million from dirty energy interests since 2001.</div><div>
</div><div>Dr. Willie Soon's known corporate funding 1994-2012:</div><div>(source documents available below)</div><div>
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</div><div>CCF: "Its enemies list has included such diverse groups and individuals as the Alliance of American Insurers; the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons; the American Medical Association (AMA); the Arthritis Foundation; the Consumer Federation of America; New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani; the Harvard School of Public Health; the Marin Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems; the National Association of High School Principals; the National Safety Council; the National Transportation Safety Board; the Office of Highway Safety for the state of Georgia; Ralph Nader's group, Public Citizen; the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)."</div><div>
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</div><div>see stare acsh</div><div>
</div><div>Food lobbyist</div><div>The April 1973 Harvard's student publications The Present Illness carried a diagram of Stare's industry links. It says he had been director of Continental Can Co. since 1964. It also revealed that Harvard University held $8.737 million worth of shares in the family(?) company. According to this article, Stare also had retainers from Nabisco, Kellogg and Cereal Institute. (See The Present Illness page 18 -21.[4])</div><div>
</div><div>The Kelloggs were eventually persuaded to fund him $2 million to set up the Nutrition Foundation at Harvard, and his family associations provided excellent connections to other large organisations in the food processing business willing to provide funds. The Nutrition Foundationis independent of the university (except for the use of the Harvard name) and it published a journal Nutrition Reviews which he edited for 25 years.[1]</div><div>
</div><div>A book jointly written with Whelan, Panic in the Pantry, carried the jacket message, "Eat your additives, they're good for you"; that, along with Stare's support for the sugar industry, earned him the sobriquet at Harvard University of "The Sugar King."</div><div>
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</div><div>100 profs ltr divest</div><div>
</div><div>"An Open Letter," Harvard Faculty for Divestment, 4-10-14</div><div>http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/692?t=7&akid=419.100725.5OtSWr</div><div>
</div><div>"Confronting climate change," Harvard University's Office of the President, 4-7-14</div><div>http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/693?t=9&akid=419.100725.5OtSWr</div><div>
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</div><div>todd g</div><div>
</div><div>front; http://energyfairness.org/2013/10/harvard-president-declines-fossil-fuel-divestment/</div><div>
</div><div>The Cascade</div><div>
</div><div>Fossilized corporations do their thing while frozen governments produce (oropt [17] out of [18]) hapless and toothless international agreements. By default, initiative must arise elsewhere -- in places where reason and passion have some purchase as well as a tradition, places where new power may be created and deployed.&nbsp; This counterpower is, in fact, developing.</div><div>
</div><div>Given the might and recalcitrance of the usual culpable and complicit institutions, it falls to people’s initiatives and to other kinds of institutions to take up the slack.&nbsp; This means universities, churches, and other investment pools, now increasingly under pressure from mushrooming campaigns to divest funds from FFCs; and popular movements against coal, oil, fracking, and other dangerous projects -- in particular, at the moment, movements in the U.S., Canada [19], and elsewhere to stop [20] tar sands pipelines.</div><div>
</div><div>Those in the growing divestment movement suffer no illusions that universities themselves wield the magnitude of power you find in investment banks or, of course, the FFCs themselves.&nbsp; They are simply seeking leverage where they can.&nbsp; The sums of capital held by universities, in particular, are small on the scale of things.&nbsp; Harvard, the educational institution with the largest endowment (some $32.7 billion [21] at last count), reports that only 3% of its direct holdings are in the top 200 energy outfits.&nbsp; (The amount of its money held indirectly and opaquely, through private capital pools, and so also possibly invested in FFCs, is unclear.)&nbsp; Though millions of dollars are at stake, that’s a drop in the bucket for Harvard, whose holdings amount, in turn, to nowhere near a drop in the total market capitalization of those energy giants.</div><div>
</div><div>Set against a landscape in which people have lost faith in the principle sectors of power, however, universities still have a certain legitimacy that grants them the potential for leverage. Divestment will make news precisely because such movements are unusual: universities biting the hands of the dogs that feed them, so to speak.</div><div>
</div><div>We won’t know how much influence that legitimacy can bring about until the attempts are made.&nbsp; What we do know, from historical precedent, is that such efforts, even when they start on a small scale, tend to inspire more of the same.&nbsp; As Robert Kinloch Massie argues in his fine book on South African sanctions,Loosing the Bonds [22], divestment campaigns such as those over apartheid and Big Tobacco [23] (phased out by Harvard in 1990) worked by creating a cascade effect.</div><div>
</div><div>With climate change, the stigmatization of the FFCs is already spreading [24] from universities and churches to city and state pension funds.&nbsp; Eventually, if it works, the cascade changes the atmosphere around private and public investment decisions.&nbsp; Then those decisions themselves begin to change and such changes become part of a new market calculation for investors and politicians alike.</div><div>
</div><div>That’s why it matters so much that some 400 divestment campaigns [25] are currently underway at American colleges and universities. Cascades of influence can move institutions, often in surprising ways.&nbsp; Every time a divestment demand is put forward, the conversation changes in elite board rooms where investment decisions are made.&nbsp; Children of FFC executives go home for Christmas and their nagging questions make their parents’ business-as-usual lives less comfortable.&nbsp; (This dynamic, though seldom credited, undoubtedly played some role in ending the Vietnam War.)</div><div>
</div><div>At Harvard, my alma mater, a fierce campaign [26] by courageous and strategic-minded students has spun off a parallel campaign by alumni [27].&nbsp; They are being asked to withhold contributions to the university and to donate to an escrow fund until Harvard divests from its direct holdings in FFCs and undertakes to divest from its indirect holdings as well.</div><div>
</div><div>Is this sort of demand just a gesture of moral purity?&nbsp; Not necessarily.&nbsp; Indeed, there may well be an economic payoff for morally motivated divestment and reinvestment.&nbsp; My fellow alumnus Bevis Longstreth [28], a former commissioner of the Securities and Exchange Commission, makes a strong case that the policies of the FFCs are shortsighted and risky.&nbsp; (During the year 2012 alone, the top 200 sank $674 billion into acquiring and developing new energy reserves and working out ways to exploit them.)&nbsp; Significant parts of the capital they are now investing will likely be “wasted,” since in a climate-change world, large portions of those reserves will have to stay in the ground.&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Looked at in the long term, the FFCs may not turn out to be such smart investments after all. Indeed, in the boilerplate language of financial prospectuses, past results are no guarantee of future results; and there are already investment models [29] showing that non-FFC funds deliver better proceeds.</div><div>
</div><div>These efforts and arguments have yet to convince Harvard President Drew Gilpin Faust that climate change is one of those “extraordinarily rare circumstances” [30] when divestment is justified.&nbsp; Instead, she proposes “engagement” with the boards of the energy companies, as if sweet reason by itself stood a chance of outtalking sweet crude oil.&nbsp; She touts Harvard’s teaching and research on climate issues, while neglecting the way those corporations fund disinformation meant to blunt the effect of that teaching and research.&nbsp; Having declared that the issue is not “political,” she defends Harvard’s investments in the chief funders of propaganda against climate science.&nbsp; Some rejection of politics!&nbsp; Meanwhile, for saying no to divestment, President Faust wins the applause [31] of an Alabama coal company front group.</div><div>
</div><div>Still, Divest Harvard [26] is undeterred. By conducting referenda, organizing panels and rallies, gathering signatures, and activating alumni, it and like-minded groups are in the process of changing elite conversations about wealth and moral responsibility in the midst of a slow-motion apocalypse.&nbsp; They are helping ensure that previously unthinkable conversations become thinkable.</div><div>
</div><div>Something similar is taking place on many other campuses.&nbsp; At the same time, writers in influential conservative publications have already begun taking this movement seriously, and the first signs of a changing state of mind are evident.&nbsp; A report out of Oxford’s Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, for example, recently warned [32] against the risks of “stranded assets” (all those fossil fuels already bought and paid for by the FFCs that will never make it out of the ground). The Economist has begun to doubt [33] that oil is such a great investment. The Financial Times heralds [34] the spread of divestment efforts to city governments.</div><div>
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</div><div>http://www.globalpossibilities.org/a-closer-look-at-harvards-choice-on-fossil-fuels/</div><div>
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</div><div>One hundred thirty-six of the 161 core members (84 percent) are male. Eighty-eight percent are whites of European descent (just nineteen are people of color). Fifty-two percent hold graduate degrees—including thirty-seven MBAs, fourteen JDs, twenty-one PhDs, and twelve MA/MS degrees. Almost all have attended private colleges, with close to half attending the same ten universities: Harvard University (25), Oxford University (11), Stanford University (8), Cambridge University (8), University of Chicago (8), University of Cologne (6), Columbia University (5), Cornell University (4), the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania (3), and University of California–Berkeley (3). Forty-nine are or were CEOs, eight are or were CFOs; six had prior experience at Morgan Stanley, six at Goldman Sachs, four at Lehman Brothers, four at Swiss Re, seven at Barclays, four at Salomon Brothers, and four at Merrill Lynch.&nbsp;</div><div>
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</div><div>Pete Peterson Linked Economists Caught in Austerity Error</div><div>by Mary Bottari [1] — April 18, 2013 - 11:59am</div><div>Topics: Economy [2]</div><div>Projects: Real Economy Project [3]</div><div>A team of economists at the Political Economy Research Institute (PERI) at UMass Amherst broke a huge story this week that was promptly picked up by the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Financial Times, and newspapers around the globe. The economists proved that the essential underpinning "of the intellectual edifice of austerity economics," as Paul Krugman put it, is based on sloppy methodology and spreadsheet coding errors.</div><div>
</div><div>Reinhart-Rogoff Study Debunked</div><div>&nbsp;Three years ago, Harvard economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff released a study [5] that presented empirical evidence from 44 nations over a 200 year time span to demonstrate that countries with a public debt over 90 percent of GDP (the United States is at about 100 percent, Japan at 200 percent) have average growth rates one percent lower than other nations.</div><div>
</div><div>Forty-four countries, 200 years, Harvard -- pretty convincing, huh?</div><div>
</div><div>Except it was wrong.</div><div>
</div><div>When the PERI team finally got a hold of the data used by Reinhart and Rogoff, they uncovered gaping problems [6]. They found that "coding errors, selective exclusion of available data, and unconventional weighting of summary statistics lead to serious errors that inaccurately represent the relationship between public debt and GDP growth." Adjusting for these errors, the Amherst team contends that "the average real GDP growth rate for countries carrying a public debt-to-GDP ratio of over 90 percent is actually 2.2 percent, not -0.1 percent."</div><div>
</div><div>It would all be a Massachusetts "Ivory Tower" kerfluffle if the Reinhart-Rogoff study were not cited by practically everyone in Washington, including Paul Ryan, Simpson-Bowles, and the entire "Fix the Debt" crowd, to justify harmful cuts and a stalemate on stimulus currently condemning millions to mass unemployment.</div><div>
</div><div>And it should come as no surprise that the economists have ties to Wall Street billionaire Pete Peterson.</div><div>
</div><div>Study Used to Justify Harmful Cuts and High Unemployment</div><div>It is hard to understate the importance of the study. It has been cited [7] around the globe by academics, politicians, and the mainstream media. In the U.S., it is one of Paul Ryan's favorite justifications for his draconian Path to Prosperity [8] budget, for GOP rejection of further stimulus, and the Fix the Debt crowd's frenzied calls for urgent action. President Obama is now on the austerity bandwagon, enacting numerous cuts and proposing new cuts to programs like Social Security in order to achieve a "Grand Bargain" on deficits. As a consequence, mass unemployment is a new normal.</div><div>
</div><div>In Europe, "R&R's work and its derivatives have been used to justify austerity policies that have pushed the unemployment rate over 10 percent for the euro zone as a whole and above 20 percent in Greece and Spain. In other words, this is a mistake that has had enormous consequences" for real people, says economist Dean Baker in a piece called "How Much Unemployment Did Reinhart and Rogoff's Arithmetic Mistake Cause?" [9]</div><div>
</div><div>Time and time again, economists tried to replicate the Reinhart-Rogoff results, but to no avail. Now, Thomas Herndon, Michael Ash, and Robert Pollin show us why [6]. One mistake, admitted by the authors and gaining the most attention, is an Excel spreadsheet error. Check out the screen shot [10] of the year.</div><div>
</div><div>As the authors put it: "A coding error in the RR working spreadsheet entirely excludes five countries, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, and Denmark, from the analysis. [Reinhart-Rogoff] averaged cells in lines 30 to 44 instead of lines 30 to 49... This spreadsheet error... is responsible for a -0.3 percentage-point error in RR's published average real GDP growth in the highest public debt/GDP category." Belgium, in particular, has 26 years with debt-to-GDP above 90 percent, with an average growth rate of 2.6 percent (though this is only counted as one total point due to the weighting above).</div><div>
</div><div>Mother Jones dubbed it "the Excel Error Heard Round the World."</div><div>
</div><div>Pete Peterson's Fingerprints</div><div>It will come as no surprise that Reinhart and Rogoff have ties to Wall Street billionaire Pete Peterson, [11] a big fan of their work. Peterson has been advocating cuts to Social Security and Medicare for decades in order to prevent a debt crisis he warns will spike interest rates and collapse the economy. (Peterson failed to warn of the actual crisis building on Wall Street during his time at the Blackstone Group.)</div><div>
</div><div>When Washington Post writer Suzy Khimm pointed out to Peterson [12] that the U.S. built significant deficits during the financial crisis but maintained very low interest rates, Peterson responded that America still needed to be on high alert: "you know [Kenneth] Rogoff and [Carmen] Reinhart -- I've talked to them, and they say [debt crises] are sudden, they're sharp, they're very substantial. The risk is simply too big. At some point, if we lurch from crisis to crisis, then confidence will decline on our economy in general."</div><div>
</div><div>As the Center for Media and Democracy detailed in the online report, "The Peterson Pyramid," [13] the Blackstone billionaire turned philanthropist has spent half a billion dollars to promote this chorus of calamity. Through the Peter G. Peterson Foundation, Peterson has funded practically every think tank and non-profit that works on deficit- and debt-related issues, including his latest astroturf supergroup, "Fix the Debt," which has set a July 4, 2013 deadline for securing an austerity budget [14].</div><div>
</div><div>Reinhart, described glowingly by the New York Times as "the most influential female economist in the world," was a Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics [15] founded, chaired, and funded [16] by Peterson. Reinhart is listed as participating in many Peterson Institute events, such as their 2012 fiscal summit [17] along with Paul Ryan, Alan Simpson, and Tim Geithner, and numerous other Peterson lectures and events available on YouTube [18]. She is married to economist and author Vincent Reinhart, who does similar work for the American Enterprise Institute, also funded by the Peterson Foundation [19].</div><div>
</div><div>Kenneth Rogoff is listed on the Advisory Board [20] of the Peterson Institute. The Peterson Institute bankrolled and published [21] a 2011 Rogoff-Reinhart book-length collaboration, "A Decade of Debt," where the authors apparently used the same flawed data to reach many of the same conclusions and warn ominously of a "debt burden" stretching into 2017 that "will weigh heavily on the public policy agenda of numerous advanced economies and global financial markets for some time to come." (Note that not everyone associated with the Institute touts the Peterson party line.)</div><div>
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</div><div>heritage hired harvard racist to come up with 6.3 trillion cost of immigration, low iQ&nbsp; http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26315908/vp/51837416#51837420 same montana PO box as full on skinhead</div><div>
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</div><div>AlterNet [1] / By Lynn Stuart Parramore [2]</div><div>&nbsp;comments_image</div><div>Famous Harvard Professor Gay-Bashes John Maynard Keynes, Suggests People Without Children Do Not Care About Future Generations</div><div>May 4, 2013&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div>Austerity hawk and Harvard historian Niall Ferguson is known for his love of the media and his enthusiasm for the now-discredited austerity scholarship of fellow Harvard professors Reinhart & Rogoff, who were recently exposed in the homework assignment of a U Mass-Amherst grad student [3]. Not content with this embarrassment, Ferguson has just distinguished himself with a homophobic rant in which he claims that John Maynard Keynes' economic theories are invalid due to his sexuality. He also managed to suggest that anyone who does not have children (this would include, among others, Jesus) does not care about future generations.</div><div>
</div><div>Tom Kostigen of Financial Advisor broke the story [4] on Saturday:</div><div>
</div><div>"Speaking at the Tenth Annual Altegris Conference in Carlsbad, Calif., in front of a group of more than 500 financial advisors and investors, Ferguson responded to a question about Keynes' famous philosophy of self-interest versus the economic philosophy of Edmund Burke, who believed there was a social contract among the living, as well as the dead. Ferguson asked the audience how many children Keynes had. He explained that Keynes had none because he was a homosexual and was married to a ballerina, with whom he likely talked of 'poetry' rather than procreated. The audience went quiet at the remark. Some attendees later said they found the remarks offensive.</div><div>
</div><div>It gets worse.</div><div>
</div><div>Ferguson, who is the Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University, and author of The Great Degeneration: How Institutions Decay and Economies Die,says it's only logical that Keynes would take this selfish worldview because he was an 'effete' member of society. Apparently, in Ferguson's world, if you are gay or childless, you cannot care about future generations nor society."</div><div>
</div><div>Since the story hit the Internet, commenters have noted that Keynes was actually bi-sexual, and that his wife suffered a miscarriage. But facts apparently matter less than ad hominem attacks to Professor Ferguson.&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Niall Ferguson apologized on Twitter [5], calling his remarks "stupid and tactless."</div><div>
</div><div>In the past, however, Ferguson has commented on Keynes' sexuality in his scholarly work in a tone that many would consider disparaging, for example, in his book The Pity of War -- see here [6].</div><div>
</div><div>Harvard austerity pushers seem to be doing a remarkable job of humiliating themselves publicly in recent weeks. Who is next?</div><div>
</div><div>See more stories tagged with:</div><div>austerity [7],</div><div>Bibliophiles [8],</div><div>Bloomsbury Group [9],</div><div>British people [10],</div><div>california [11],</div><div>Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club [12],</div><div>carlsbad [13],</div><div>Edmund Burke [14],</div><div>English people [15],</div><div>financial advisor [16],</div><div>harvard university [17],</div><div>harvard [18],</div><div>john maynard keynes [19],</div><div>keynesian economics [20],</div><div>Niall Ferguson [21],</div><div>Professor of History [22],</div><div>Quotation [23],</div><div>social issues [24],</div><div>Tom Kostigen [25],</div><div>twitter [26],</div><div>author [27],</div><div>financial advisors [28]</div><div>Source URL: http://www.alternet.org/economy/famous-harvard-professor-gay-bashes-john-maynard-keynes-suggests-people-without-children-do</div><div>Links:</div><div>[1] http://www.alternet.org</div><div>[2] http://www.alternet.org/authors/lynn-stuart-parramore</div><div>[3] http://www.alternet.org/economy/meet-28-year-old-student-who-exposed-two-harvard-professors-whose-shoddy-research-drove</div><div>[4] http://www.fa-mag.com/news/harvard-professor-gay-bashes-keynes-14173.html</div><div>[5] https://twitter.com/nfergus</div><div>[6] http://books.google.com/books?id=McfJaJ25lscC&pg=PA327&lpg=PA327&dq=keynes+sexuality+pity+of+war&source=bl&ots=-qLGPpbe7A&sig=bbD9ICL-qsw6TO4wD4dWQJfz7_U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Q1iFUcanDsu2rgGrnoDQCg&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=keynes%20sexuality%20pity%20of%20war&f=false</div><div>[7] http://www.alternet.org/tags/austerity-0</div><div>[8] http://www.alternet.org/tags/bibliophiles</div><div>[9] http://www.alternet.org/tags/bloomsbury-group</div><div>[10] http://www.alternet.org/tags/british-people</div><div>[11] http://www.alternet.org/tags/california</div><div>[12] http://www.alternet.org/tags/cambridge-university-moral-sciences-club</div><div>[13] http://www.alternet.org/tags/carlsbad</div><div>[14] http://www.alternet.org/tags/edmund-burke</div><div>[15] http://www.alternet.org/tags/english-people</div><div>[16] http://www.alternet.org/tags/financial-advisor</div><div>[17] http://www.alternet.org/tags/harvard-university</div><div>[18] http://www.alternet.org/tags/harvard</div><div>[19] http://www.alternet.org/tags/john-maynard-keynes</div><div>[20] http://www.alternet.org/tags/keynesian-economics</div><div>[21] http://www.alternet.org/tags/niall-ferguson</div><div>[22] http://www.alternet.org/tags/professor-history</div><div>[23] http://www.alternet.org/tags/quotation</div><div>[24] http://www.alternet.org/tags/social-issues-0</div><div>[25] http://www.alternet.org/tags/tom-kostigen</div><div>[26] http://www.alternet.org/tags/twitter-0</div><div>[27] http://www.alternet.org/tags/author</div><div>[28] http://www.alternet.org/tags/financial-advisors</div><div>[29] http://www.alternet.org/%2Bnew_src%2B</div><div></div><div>
</div><div>law school neutered?</div><div>
</div><div>The second part of the story focuses on the Olin Foundation’s strategic deployment of its largesse aimed directly at faculty and students in elite law schools (most of Manne’s centers were at lesser-ranked schools) which solidified the stature of the law and economics sub-field and raised its status as a distinctive alternative to traditional and contemporary legal scholarship.&nbsp; Law and economics was not Olin’s first choice, however.&nbsp; As an official explained to Teles: “I would have preferred to do something in constitutional law but . . . [i]f you said to a dean that you wanted to fund conservative constitutional law, he would reject the idea out of hand . . . Law and economics is neutral, but it has a philosophical thrust in the direction of free markets and limited government.&nbsp; That is, like many disciplines, it seems neutral but it isn’t in fact” (p.189).&nbsp; Olin’s gamble on law and economics paid off handsomely in ways that Lewis Powell would have applauded.&nbsp; At Harvard, Olin’s support for law and economics provided money, academic panache, and camouflage for Harvard’s president who wanted to stymie the critical legal studies movement and mollify angry alumni in corporate law firms upset by the havoc they felt the “crits” were creating within the profession.&nbsp; Law and economics raised the research bar for hiring and tenure decisions and offered alternatives to law schools that altered the balance of power in their faculties.</div><div>
</div><div>The Federalist Society rang repeated alarms within the legal profession that Harvard Law was “out of control” and [*636] from its beginning the Society has been concerned generally about the placement of conservatives in law schools and out of them.&nbsp; Teles maintains in his chapter on the Society, however, that over the course of its twenty-five year history the Federalist Society has carved out an influential niche for itself by limiting its attention to creating and fostering complex networks of lawyers, faculty, law students, and foundation patrons that are held together by an emphasis on serious debate and discourse over ideas that challenge legal liberalism while avoiding right-wing factionalism.&nbsp; Eschewing the establishment of an in-house litigation center early on, the Society also decided not turn itself into a conservative clone of the American Bar Association despite earlier feelings that perhaps it should and despite its persistent criticisms of the ABA.&nbsp; These strategic choices (there were others at critical moments) were made by a stable, self-perpetuating cadre of long-serving leaders, including Eugene Meyer, who were present at the Society’s founding and are aligned with foundation executives and senior figures from the legal community.&nbsp;</div><div>
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</div><div>koch $ to bldg: Center for Government and International Studies has made it possible for us to share the privilege of being here. Sid Knafel's vision and leadership have helped not only to build this center,</div><div>
</div><div>---</div><div>
</div><div>school of public health had 3 hacks:</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Carl Coleman Seltzer (recently deceased (citation needed)) was a Harvard-based physical anthropologist graduate supported by tobacco industry funds for more than forty years. He was promoted by the industry's PR companies as an "independent Harvard professor from the School of Public Health; a heart specialist, who didn't believe that smoking was a serious risk."</div><div>
</div><div>He was promoted as an independent consultant to Congress for numereous Congressional inquiries; sent as an independet scientist to genuine scientific health conferences; supplied as a statistician to legitimate biomedical research groups to perform their calculations and prepare their reports; promoted onto the Scientific Advisory group for the US Surgeon-General's annual review of the status of cigarette/smoking research; and sent of media tours around the world to preach the message that there was no evidence linking smoking with heart disease.</div><div>
</div><div>Administrators and academics at Harvard University (especially the Harvard School of Public Health and the Peabody Museum) were party to this deception at the highest level. They maintained a veil of secrecy over the university dealings with Seltzer because of their public posture of not accepting tobacco industry funding.</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Yet almost all of the money Seltzer earned during these years (more than $2 million) came either indirectly from the tobacco companies and their trade association (by way of lawyers and third-party cut-outs in the university), the Tobacco Institute (TI) or more directly in the form of grants from their fake research organisations the Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC) and the later Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) and Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR).</div><div>
</div><div>Contents</div><div>[hide]</div><div>1 Background</div><div>1.1 Grant study</div><div>1.2 Peabody Museum years</div><div>1.2.1 Smoking and masculinity index</div><div>1.2.2 Correlation vs causation</div><div>1.2.3 Tobacco industry support</div><div>1.3 Harvard School of Public Health years</div><div>1.3.1 Tobacco activities and covert support</div><div>2 Articles and Resources</div><div>2.1 Related SourceWatch Articles</div><div>2.2 References</div><div>2.3 External resources</div><div>2.4 External articles</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Background</div><div>Seltzer was born in 1908 and took his PhD in physical anthropology at Harvard in 1933.</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Grant study</div><div>During the second world war Seltzer remained at Harvard, but assisted in American army office recruitment by conducting thousands of physical measurements of inductees, thus helping create a major database which included smoking and lifestyle information.</div><div>
</div><div>This later became the basis for a major health research program after the war known as the 'Grant study'. It was directed by Seltzer's friend Dr Charles McArthur at Harvard, and initially it studied 250 "normal" Harvard students who had first been measured and tested for personality differences in 1938. They were followed up by questionnaires sent out in 1959, and this resulted in a number of papers promoting the idea that personality was genetically predetermined, and that diseases were linked more to genetic variation than to life-style or environmental factors. [1]</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Peabody Museum years</div><div>For years after the war Seltzer returned to just being a low-level physical anthropologist graduate who worked as a honorary (self-funded) researcher through Peabody Museum on the Harvard campus. He did work on American Indian tribes, helping the government to determine which Indian groups held tribal rights to various national resources, etc. But through his connections at the university and his work on the original data, he was able to extend the follow-up from the Grant study to encompass 922 ex-students.</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Smoking and masculinity index</div><div>Seltzer's first publication on this subject looked at an index of body measurements which he called "the masculinity index" and related this to smokers and non-smokers. He distinguished physical features which were different between males and females. [2] He found that:</div><div>
</div><div>The data show that there is a significant association between the strength of the masculine component and the smoking habits of the subjects.</div><div>
</div><div>More specifically, weakness' of the masculine component is significantly more frequent in smokers than in nonsmokers. [and] the degree of weakness of the masculine component from the nonsmokers to the heavier smokers is consistent and progressive.</div><div>
</div><div>In other words, the more feminine males smoked, and smoked more heavily the more feminine they were in body build.</div><div>
</div><div>This study was noticed by Robert Hockett, the deputy director of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC) who realised that, although it reported that healthier masculine males smoked less (which was contrary to all the advertising images), the study could be used to support industry claims that there was not necessarily a causal-connection between smoking and health. Both could be under the influence of a third factor, genetics.</div><div>
</div><div>Hockett contacted Seltzer and had a long discussion about future funding which resulted in Seltzer receiving a few thousand dollars to write a major article for the Atlantic Monthly magazine ... with some modifications to the conclusions (as noted by MD magazine). [3]</div><div>
</div><div>"Why People Smoke". [4] in the Atlantic Monthly reported the study findings in a different way:</div><div>
</div><div>Smokers are consistently larger than the nonsmokers. They are taller, heavier, broader in the shoulders and hips, bigger in the size of chest, leg and hand."</div><div>
</div><div>They were also more outgoing, risk-taking, life-fullfilling, etc. Essentially he was now maintaining a position which was the exact opposite of the Science report. In this article he says it is genetic differences (the masculinity component') which determine those who are attracted to smoking -- and these features characteristically matched the promotions of the cigarette companies. Smokers are now more like the cowboys in the 'Marlboro Man' ads, while non-smokers are wimps and nerds.</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Correlation vs causation</div><div>This came to be known as the constitutional hypothesis which was used by the cigarette companies to explain to the public and politicians why no restrictions on cigarettes were needed. While a statistical link might be show cigarettes are linked to cancer or heart disease, (they said) statistical correlation did not necessarily mean that cigarettes caused the disease. Correlation is not causation became the industry's catch-phrase,</div><div>
</div><div>And since both a propensity to smoke and the likelihood of disease were the consequence of genetic predetermination, there was no point in reducing tobacco consumption since it would provide no beneficial effects ... either to the individual or for the community as a whole.</div><div>
</div><div>It was a very convincing argument with those politicians who were trying to find a way to protect their state's tobacco farming economy, and it was especially attractive if they needed the generous campaign funds and junkets provided by the tobacco industry.</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Tobacco industry support</div><div>Clarence Cook Little, the famous cancer researcher who ran the Tobacco Industry Research Council in a way that suited the industry, reported that he had confidence in Seltzer, and that he should be supported and introduced to other dodgy scientists who worked for the industry. [5] Over time he became a central member of the scientific core family of scientists supporting the tobacco industry, while still protesting his independence.</div><div>
</div><div>By mid 1962 Seltzer was firmly on the tobacco industry gravy train. [6] He had been linked up with a major research project conducted at Johns Hopkins university by Carolyn Thomas (similar to the Harvard student study). He was also being used to gather intelligence on the biases and research of other scientists for the tobacco industry [7] both for possible recruitment, and to prepare counter-measures.</div><div>
</div><div>The tobacco industry had also pulled some strings and arranged for him to be recruited to the advisory board of the Surgeon General's Committee (SRC) preparing the annual report on Smoking and Health. [8] However he had little influence here.</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Harvard School of Public Health years</div><div>While Seltzer's position at the Peabody Museum meant that he was able to use Harvard University letterhead, it still didn't carry the prestige of being a member of Harvard University's academic staff itself. So in 1962, the industry arranged for Seltzer to meet Professor Frederick J. Stare, a shill for the food and chemical industry, and the Harvard Professor who ran the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health as a private fiefdom [9]</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Tobacco activities and covert support</div><div>At this time he was recruited by the tobacco industry virtually on a full-time basis, and he eventually transferred to work in Stare's Department of Nutrition (from 1963 until 1977). This gave him more cover and some manufactured scientific status. [10]. It also gave Stare a cut of the proceeds. [11]</div><div>
</div><div>Stare was to protect him for many years -- and when serious questions arose in the main university, he arranged for payments to be made as grants directly into the Department coffers, by-passing the normal administrative rules. He also organised a lecturing position for Seltzer at Tufts University (through a close associate) which allowed Seltzer to use the title of "Professor". Seltzer then offered voluntary statistical services to the American Heart Foundation, Kaiser Permanente, and to other genuine research institutes by using his Harvard School of Public Health and Tufts University credentials.</div><div>
</div><div>The tobacco industry utilised his manufactured status as an independent "Professor" from the "Harvard School of Public Health" who was an expert on cardiac (heart) diseases and a consultant to the American Heart Foundation ... by having him appear as their witness in Congressional hearings.</div><div>
</div><div>Time Magazine on July 7 1970 reported that Carl Seltzer, "from the Harvard School of Public Health, a consultant to the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee in 1964", said this about heart disease in 1969:</div><div>
</div><div>"It will be regrettable, if the impact of the prestige of the U. S. Public Health Service led scientists and the public to believe in and accept as firmly established facts which, on the basis of current knowledge, are speculative and lacking in scientific validity.</div><div>
</div><div>The situation demands not special pleading but scientific truth, namely, what is reasonably established. And, certainly, it has not been reasonably established that cigarette smoking causes coronary heart disease."</div><div>
</div><div>The tobacco industry's PR companies also promoted Seltzer to gullible media organisations in other countries, and the industry sent him around the world, as an expert on smoking and heart-disease [12]. When not on tour, they paid for him to provide statistical services to many legitimate health research groups in the USA looking into the relationship between smoking and health. [[13]] His Harvard credentials were highly attractive to small research groups eagre to boost the prestige of their work.</div><div>
</div><div>Over a number of decades, more than $2 million in tobacco money via a secret account was channeled to Seltzer via Stare. The money passed from the companies, to a secret "Special Account #4" held by the Kansas City law firm Shook, Hardy & Bacon. Payments were then made as grants to the Department of Nutrition, where Stare took his cut, and passed the rest to Seltzer.</div><div>
</div><div>Yet both Seltzer and Stare publicly denied any links with the tobacco industry [14] and claimed that they never took a penny from the tobacco industry. [15]</div><div>
</div><div>As he approached retirementSeltzer began to specialise in overseas trips which were funded and organised by the tobacco industry. They paid a public relations company to shop him around various countries, etting up meetings, interviews and press conferences with print, radio and television program personel. [16] For instance, with his wife Ruth he visited Australia for Philip Morris, then went on to New Zealand. [17] Later he toured Europe.</div><div>
</div><div>He was also available for any conference anywhere where the problems of smoking were to be discussed -- both legitimate scientific conferences, and the many fake conferences run secretly by the tobacco industry. Whereever he travelled, he sprouted the message -- "there is no causal connection between smoking and disease. Smoking is not linked to coronary heart disease (CHD)". He tended to avoid questions of any links to lung-cancer, claiming that cancer was not his area of expertise. Later his message was supplemented by the claim that his research showed that giving up smoking had no effect whatsoever on the health of the ex-smokers.</div><div>
</div><div>When the US government refused further funding for the famous long-term Framington Heart Study which had proved a causal link between smoking and CHD the tobacco industry secretly put in some supplementary funding. In return, Seltzer found himself on the scientific staff of the study. He was now in a position to review and recalculate twenty years of Framingham's health data on CHD, and, as with the Kaiser Permanente study, he discovered through his re-evaluation of the data, that the original claims about smoking and CHD were wrong. [18] He also promoted the idea that lung cancer, CHD and smoking propensity were all linked with genetically determined Type A personalities.</div><div>
</div><div>Many years later, after being forced to retire from the HSPH under the University rules, he returned to work for the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) once again through the Peabody Museum. [19] This time he was paid through grants made to a Museum researcher -- passed on to his 'assistant' (Seltzer). Clearly he was too valuable for the industry to lose. [20] [21]</div><div>
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</div><div>th frank:</div><div>
</div><div>??</div><div>
</div><div>And consider the university, the mothership of the professions. For-profit higher education is today a booming industry, feeding on the student loans handed out to the desperate. Even the traditional academy, where free inquiry nominally lives, has become a profit center, a place where exorbitant tuition somehow bypasses the adjuncts who do the teaching but makes for lavish executive salaries; where economists pull in fantastic sums for “consulting”; and where the prospect of launching the next hot Internet startup is a gamble that it is worth bending any rule to take.</div><div>
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</div><div>One of Jack Abramoff’s tricks, you will recall, was to hand intellectuals cash and trips to tropical islands in exchange for such intellectual services as might get the tycoons who owned the sweatshops in those paradises off the regulatory hook. And how different was the Abramoff model of enlightenment from the activities of the Cambridge, Massachusetts consultancy called ??Monitor,” with its prominent Harvard connections? According to the Boston Globe:</div><div>
</div><div>The management consulting firm received $250,000 a month from the Libyan government from 2006 to 2008 for a wide range of services, including writing [a] book proposal, bringing prominent academics to Libya to meet Khadafy “to enhance international appreciation of Libya” and trying to generate positive news coverage of the country.</div><div>
</div><div>“Trying to generate positive news coverage,” by the way, included placing pro-Qaddafi stories by prominent scholars in The New Republic, the Washington Post, Newsweek International, and the Guardian—a record far more impressive than the Bush administration’s suborning of syndicated columnist Armstrong Williams or Abramoff’s own episodic triumphs on the op-ed page of the Washington Times.</div><div>
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</div><div>Monitor "helps organizations grow. We work with leading corporations, governments and social sector organizations around the world on the growth issues that are most important to them.</div><div>
</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>"We partner with client organizations as their integrated resource for growth. The results are impressive: we typically double the rates of growth of our clients’ businesses. How do we do this? Since our founding in 1983 by six entrepreneurs, including Harvard Prof. Michael Porter and Monitor’s current Chairman Mark Fuller, we have invested heavily in developing leading edge ideas, approaches and methods -- and in making them practical for clients to use on their toughest problems and biggest opportunities. We have also invested in learning about how to apply these ideas in client organizations and how best to work with clients to achieve the results they seek." [1]</div><div>
</div><div>Contents</div><div>[hide]</div><div>1 People</div><div>1.1 Paid Advisors</div><div>2 Contact</div><div>3 Resources and articles</div><div>3.1 Related Sourcewatch</div><div>4 External resources</div><div>4.1 References</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>People</div><div>Accessed September 2007: [2]</div><div>
</div><div>Strategy</div><div>
</div><div>Eamonn Kelly</div><div>Chris Meyer</div><div>Michael Porter</div><div>Peter Schwartz</div><div>Tom Copeland</div><div>Marketing and Pricing</div><div>
</div><div>Bernie Jaworski</div><div>Tom Nagle</div><div>Jeffrey Rayport</div><div>Innovation and Product Development</div><div>
</div><div>Bruce Chew</div><div>Ron Jonash</div><div>Larry Keeley</div><div>Organization and Leadership</div><div>
</div><div>Chris Argyris</div><div>Joe Fuller</div><div>Michael Jensen</div><div>Economic Development and Security</div><div>
</div><div>Mark Fuller</div><div>Katherine Fulton</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Paid Advisors</div><div>Francis Fukuyama</div><div>Richard Perle [3]</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Contact</div><div>Web: www.monitor.com</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Resources and articles</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Related Sourcewatch</div><div>John F. Schoew</div><div>Global Business Network</div><div>Harvey Koh</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>External resources</div><div>Ed Pilkington, US firm Monitor Group admits mistakes over $3m Gaddafi deal, The Guardian, 4 March 2011.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>References</div><div>??? About Us, Monitor Group, accessed September 3, 2007.</div><div>? Thought Leaders, Monitor Group, accessed September 3, 2007.</div><div>? Laura Rozen, Among Libya's lobbyists, Politico, 21 February 2011</div><div>=</div><div>
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</div><div>Verita$ critically examines Harvard's historical role and its global impact. The film's director describes Harvard's traditional character in three key words: rich, white, and male. The documentary questions what the real purpose of education should be. Veritas means truth in Latin, and is Harvard's motto. But, in reviewing Harvard's history, the film's title changes the S into a $ sign to highlight Harvard's pursuit of money and power. Using historical footage and interviews with leading American intellectuals such as Noam Chomsky, Verita$ explores elements of Harvard's unknown history. Few are aware, for example, that Harvard provided students as strikebreakers in the 1912 Bread and Rose strike and in the 1919 Boston police strike. The film also analyzes the role of conservative Harvard scientist s in the early 20th century in promoting American Eugenics and its deep impact in Nazi Germany. Following WW2 and the U.S. rise to world dominance, Harvard became a training ground for the elite and maintained close ties with the U.S. Government, providing crucial dimensions of state ideology, particularly during the Cold War. The anti-war movement, however, challenged Harvard and it subsequently shifted its primary focus from defense management to neoliberal corporate management--exemplified by its central role in the Russian aid scandal of the 1990s. The film also examines Harvard's investment policy and its impact in the Boston community. Director Eun Jung Shin was named Best Documentary Film Director at the 2011 New York International Film Festival. She is from Gwang ju, South Korea, where the 1980 people's uprising was a key event in the overthrow of decades of US-backed military dictatorships. A student activist, she later worked as a TV writer, and from 2000 to 2004 she directed the Gwangju Human Rights Film Festival, which screened documentaries from around the world.</div><div>
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</div><div>AlterNet [1] / By Lynn Stuart Parramore [2]</div><div>&nbsp;comments_image</div><div>Meet the 28-year-old Student Who Exposed Two Harvard Professors Whose Shoddy Research Drove Global Austerity</div><div>April 18, 2013&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div>The world of economics has just changed, and somebody has some 'splaining to do! Please savor the following twisted tale of bad math, academic folly and pundit hubris.</div><div>
</div><div>Since 2010, the names of Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff have become famous in political and economic circles. These two Harvard economists wrote a paper, “Growth in the Time of Debt” that has been used by everyone from Paul Ryan to Olli Rehn of the European Commission to justify harmful austerity policies. The authors purported to show that once a country's gross debt to GDP ratio crosses the threshold of 90 percent, economic growth slows dramatically. Debt, in other words, seemed very scary and bad.</div><div>
</div><div>Their historical data appeared impressive, as did their credentials. Policy-makers and journalists cited the paper to convince the public that instead of focusing on the jobs crisis that was hampering recovery, we should instead focus on deficits. The deficit hawks jumped up and down with excitement.</div><div>
</div><div>But something didn’t smell right.</div><div>
</div><div>Progressive economists I knew were shocked at what appeared to be the shoddiness of the research and the absurdity of the conclusions. In their paper “A World Upside Down? Deficit Fantasies in the Great Recession [3],” Thomas Ferguson and Robert Johnson observed that R&R had truncated their sample of British data in a way that skewed their conclusions, eliminating more than a century of data in which British debt loads exploded but economic growth raced ahead (see pages 11-13). The always savvy Marshall Auerback called them out in a blog [4] for New Deal 2.0, which I edited at the time, criticizing the relevance of the cases they had used to justify their conclusions.</div><div>
</div><div>But plenty of pundits took their suspect arguments as gospel. The editorial board of the Washington Post declared that "debt-to-GDP could keep rising — and stick dangerously near the 90 percent mark that economists regard as a threat to sustainable economic growth." The economists cited were Reinhart and Rogoff, whom the WP passed off as speaking for the entire field. A new Washington consensus was born, and the public was hammered with the idea that cutting jobs, stripping away vital public services and letting infrastructure crumble was a good way to get the economy going.&nbsp; Most any ordinary person on the street would probably intuit that this made no sense, but there was this Academic Research By Esteemed Persons, so the argument was over.</div><div>
</div><div>Enter Thomas Herndon, Michael Ash and Robert Pollin of University of Massachusetts, Amherst, the heroes of this story. Herndon, a 28-year-old graduate student, tried to replicate the Reinhart-Rogoff results as part of a class excercise and couldn’t do it.&nbsp; He asked R&R to send their data spreadsheet, which had never been made public. This allowed him to see how the data was put together, and Herndon could not believe what he found. Looking at the data with his professors, Ash and Pollin, he found a whole host of problems, including selective exclusion of years of high debt and average growth, a problematic method of weighing countries, and this jaw-dropper: a coding error in the Excel spreadsheet that excludes high-debt and average-growth countries.</div><div>
</div><div>Herndon, Ash, and Pollin write: "A coding error in the RR working spreadsheet entirely excludes five countries, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, and Denmark, from the analysis. [Reinhart-Rogoff] averaged cells in lines 30 to 44 instead of lines 30 to 49...This spreadsheet error...is responsible for a -0.3 percentage-point error in RR's published average real GDP growth in the highest public debt/GDP category."</div><div>
</div><div>A coding error! Reinhart and Rogoff had been so sloppy in their work that they had not bothered to check their own spreadsheet.</div><div>
</div><div>When you fix R&R's problematic methodology and coding errors, you get a very different result that – guess what? – does not support austerity and shows that countries can most certainly cross the phony debt-to-GDP “threshold” and grow.</div><div>
</div><div>In their newly released paper, "Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff [5]” Herndon, Ash and Pollin show that "when properly calculated, the average real GDP growth rate for countries carrying a public-debt-to-GDP ratio of over 90 percent is actually 2.2 percent, not -0:1 percent as published in Reinhart and Rogoff. That is, contrary to RR, average GDP growth at public debt/GDP ratios over 90 percent is not dramatically different than when debt/GDP ratios are lower."</div><div>
</div><div>Herndon, Ash, and Pollin have set off a firestorm, with those who long suspected that R&R's work was crap shouting hallelujah and defenders scrambling to figure out a way to support deficit hysteria [6] despite the body blow to their theory.</div><div>
</div><div>Bottom line: The foundation of the entire global push for austerity and debt reduction in the last several years has been based on a screwup in an Excel spreadsheet and poorly constructed data.</div><div>
</div><div>Reinhart and Rogoff are on the defensive. As Mathew O'Brien at The Atlantic put it, "this is the academic's version of the dream where you're naked in public." They have screwed up royally. They have also done a great deal of damage to the world. As Paul Krugman has observed, their replies to their critics have thus far only compounded the confusion. They need to come clean, stop talking like their mistakes are minor, and own up to the enormity of their errors. And a big round of applause goes to the folks at U Mass Amherst for getting to the bottom of this insanity.</div><div>
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</div><div>Nobel laureates[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Theodore Roosevelt<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1880<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Nobel Peace Prize<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Philip W. Anderson (born 1923)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1943; Ph.D. 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (1977)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[1]</div><div>Christian B. Anfinsen (1916–1995)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1943<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biochemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1972)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[2]</div><div>J. Michael Bishop (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Immunology; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1989)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Percy W. Bridgman (1882–1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1904; A.M. 1905; Ph.D. 1908; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[3]</div><div>Ralph Bunche (1904–1971)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1928; Ph.D. 1934<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Diplomat; Nobel Peace Prize winner (1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[4]</div><div>Mario Capecchi (born 1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Geneticist; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Martin Chalfie (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1969, PhD. 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (2008)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Donald J. Cram (1919–2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1987)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[5]</div><div>Edward Adelbert Doisy (1893–1986)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1920<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biochemist; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1909; A.M. 1910; Ph.D. (not conferred) 1914<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet; Nobel Prize in Literature winner (1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[6]</div><div>John Franklin Enders (1897–1985)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1930<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Scientist; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[7]</div><div>Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923–2008)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PhD. 1946<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physician; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1976)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Walter Gilbert (born 1932)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1953; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Molecular biologist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[8]</div><div>Sheldon Lee Glashow (born 1932)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1959; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (1979)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[9]</div><div>Roy J. Glauber (born 1925)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1946; Ph.D. 1949; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[10]</div><div>Al Gore (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Vice President of the United States; Global Climate Change activist; Nobel Peace Prize winner (2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Dudley R. Herschbach (born 1932)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1956; Ph.D. 1958; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1986)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[11]</div><div>George H. Hitchings (1905–1998)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PhD. 1933<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physician; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1988)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Roald Hoffman (born 1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1981)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[12]</div><div>H. Robert Horvitz (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1972; Ph.D. 1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biologist; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[13]</div><div>Eric Kandel (born 1929)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Neuropsychiatry; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jerome Karle (born 1918)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1938<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physical chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1985)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[14]</div><div>Martin Karplus (born 1930)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (2013)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Henry Kissinger (born 1922)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950, PhD. 1954<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political science; Nobel Peace Prize winner (1973)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William S. Knowles (born 1917)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1939<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[15]</div><div>Walter Kohn (born 1923)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PhD. 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Theoretical physics; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1998)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Roger D. Kornberg (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (2006)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[16]</div><div>Eric Maskin (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1972; A.M. 1974; Ph.D. 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Nobel Prize in Economics winner (2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[17]</div><div>David Morris Lee (born 1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize in Physics (1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[18]</div><div>Craig Mello (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biologist; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (2006)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Merton Miller (1923–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1944<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize in Economics winner (1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[19]</div><div>George Minot (1885–1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1908; Medical 1912<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[20]</div><div>David A. Morse (1907–1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1932<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Nobel Peace Prize winner (1969)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[21]</div><div>Ben Roy Mottelson (born 1926)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (1975)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[22]</div><div>William P. Murphy (1892–1987)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1922<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physician; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[23]</div><div>Joseph E. Murray (born 1919)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1943<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Surgeon; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[24]</div><div>Roger Myerson (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973, Ph.D. 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner (2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Barack Obama (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the United States; Nobel Peace Prize winner (2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[25]</div><div>Bertil Ohlin (1899–1979)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1923<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner (1977)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Saul Perlmutter (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Astrophysics; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward Mills Purcell (1912–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M.; Ph.D.; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[26]</div><div>Theodore W. Richards (1868–1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1888; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1914)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[27]</div><div>Adam Riess (born 1969)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1996<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Astrophysics; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Frederick C. Robbins (1916–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1940<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[28]</div><div>James Rothman (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D, 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Cell biologist; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (2013)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Paul Samuelson (born 1915)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1936; Ph.D. 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize in Economics winner (1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[29]</div><div>Thomas J. Sargent (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner (2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas Schelling (born 1921)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner (2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Brian Schmidt (born 1967)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1993<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Astrophysics; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lloyd Shapley (born 1923)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize in Economics winner (2012)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[30]</div><div>Christopher A. Sims (born 1942)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1963 Ph.D. 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner (2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Liberia; Nobel Peace Prize winner (2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[31]</div><div>Vernon L. Smith (born 1927)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize in Economics winner (2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[32]</div><div>Robert M. Solow (born 1924)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1947; A.M. 1949; Ph.D. 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize in Economics winner (1987)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[33]</div><div>A. Michael Spence (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize in Economics winner (2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[34]</div><div>William Howard Stein (1911–1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1933<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biochemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1972)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[35]</div><div>Ralph M. Steinman (1943–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Immunology; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas A. Steitz (born 1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1966<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biochemistry; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James B. Sumner (1887–1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1910; Ph.D. 1914<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[36]</div><div>Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. (born 1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Astrophysics; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (1993)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>E. Donnall Thomas (born 1920)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1941; A.M. 1943; Ph.D. 1946<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physician; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[37]</div><div>James Tobin (1918–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1939; A.M. 1940<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize in Economics winner (1981)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[38]</div><div>Roger Y. Tsien (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biochemistry; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner (2008)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas H. Weller (born 1915)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1940<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Virologist; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[39]</div><div>Kenneth G. Wilson (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1956<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[40]</div><div>John H. van Vleck (1899–1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1922; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (1977)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[41]</div><div>Harold E. Varmus (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Scientist; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner (1989)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[42]</div><div>David J. Wineland (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Scientist; Nobel Prize in Physics winner (2012)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[43]</div><div>Pulitzer Prize winners[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Henry Adams (1838–1918)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1858; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian; novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[44]</div><div>John Coolidge Adams (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1969; A.M. 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[45]</div><div>James Agee (1909–1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1932<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist, screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[46]</div><div>Conrad Aiken (1889–1973)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1912<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet, writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[47]</div><div>John Ashbery (born 1927)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[48]</div><div>Brooks Atkinson (1894–1984)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1917<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Theater critic<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[49]</div><div>Bernard Bailyn (born 1922)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1947; Ph.D. 1953; Professor 1961–<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[50]</div><div>Daniel J. Boorstin (1914–2004)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1934<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian, Librarian of Congress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[51]</div><div>Elliot Carter (born 1908)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1932<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[52]</div><div>Jared Diamond (born 1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author, biologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[53]</div><div>Susan Faludi (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author, journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[54]</div><div>Ellen Goodman (born 1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1963<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Boston Globe columnist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[55]</div><div>Doris Kearns Goodwin (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian, author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[56]</div><div>Linda Greenhouse (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>New York Times Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[57]</div><div>David Halberstam (1934–2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[58]</div><div>John Harbison (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1960<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[59]</div><div>John F. Kennedy (1917–1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1940<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. President<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[60]</div><div>Charles Krauthammer (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Washington Post columnist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[61]</div><div>Nicholas D. Kristof (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>New York Times columnist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[62]</div><div>Stanley Kunitz (1905–2006)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1926; A.M. 1927<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet, U.S. Poet Laureate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[63]</div><div>Oliver Larkin (1896–1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1918<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Art historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[64]</div><div>Anthony Lewis (born 1927)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>New York Times columnist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[65]</div><div>J. Anthony Lukas (1933–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[66]</div><div>John E. Mack (1929–2004)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Psychiatrist, writer, professor at Harvard University School of Medicine<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[7]</div><div>Archibald MacLeish (1892–1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1919<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet, writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[67][better source needed]</div><div>Paul Moravec (born 1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer, professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[68]</div><div>Samuel Eliot Morison (1887–1976)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1908; Ph.D. 1912; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[69]</div><div>Samantha Power (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1999; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[70]</div><div>David E. Sanger (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[71]</div><div>Sydney Schanberg (born 1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[72]</div><div>Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. (1917–2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1938; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian, advisor to John F. Kennedy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[73]</div><div>Neil Sheehan (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[74]</div><div>Tracy K. Smith (1972–present)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1994<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Updike (1932–2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1954<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist, poet, short story writer, critic<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[75]</div><div>George Weller (1907–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1929<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[76]</div><div>Theodore White (1915–1986)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1938<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[77]</div><div>Gordon S. Wood (1933)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1959; Ph.D. 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian, Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[78]</div><div>Royalty and nobility[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Sheikh Dr. Muhammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Son of late Emir of Kuwait, Sheikh Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, he was Ambassador of Kuwaitto the United States from 1993 to 2003, and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kuwait from 2003 to 2011. He's the current Deputy Prime Minister of Kuwait. His elder brother is Sheikh Salem Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, former Defense and Interior Minister.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Aga Khan IV (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A. 1959<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Born as Prince Karim Aga Khan, he's the 49th and current Imam of Nizari Ismailism, and he's a descendant of Shah (Emperor) Fat'h-Ali Shah Qajar of the Persian Qajar dynasty<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Birendra of Nepal (1945–2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>King of Nepal.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark (born 1968)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Academic Exchange of one year (1992–1993)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; as his title already said, he's the Crown Prince of Denmark, and therefore the heir apparent to the throne of Denmark. Prince Frederik is the elder son of Queen Margrethe II and Henrik, the Prince Consort.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan(1933–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1954<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Son of Aga Khan III, the 48th Imam of Nizari Ismailism; Prince Sadruddin served as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1978.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Prince Ali-Reza Pahlavi, of Iran(Persia (1966–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. student at the time of his death<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of the Pahlavi Imperial Family of Iran (Persia), he was the younger son of the formerShah of Persia (Emperor of Persia), Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and his third wife EmpressFarah Pahlavi. He was second in Order of succession to the Iranian throne before the Iranian Revolution.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkla (1892–1929), from Siam(that's now Thailand)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Certificate in Public Health 1921<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of the House of Chakri, of Siam (that's now Thailand), he was a son of KingChulalongkorn of Siam, and the father of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand. He's also regarded as the father of modern medicine andpublic health of Thailand.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Ali Reza Pahlavi I (1922–1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of the Pahlavi Imperial Family of Iran (Persia), he was Reza Shah Pahlavi's second son, and the brother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Persia (Iran) de facto<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Crown Princess Masako of Japan (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>The consort of Crown Prince Naruhito, the first son of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko, and a member of the Imperial House of Japan through marriage.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein(born 1969)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HBS, 1998<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Son of Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Raja Nazrin Shah of Perak (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Masters; Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Son of the current Sultan of Perak, one of the Sultans of Malaysia, as a federal constitutional monarchy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Prince Abdul Reza Pahlavi(1924–2004)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of the Pahlavi Imperial Family of Iran (Persia, he was son of Reza Shah Pahlavi, and the brother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Persia (Iran) de facto<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Catherine Oxenberg (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Member of the Serbian House of Karadordevic, she's a Serbian American actress best known for her performance as Amanda Carrington on the 1980s American prime time soap operaDynasty. The daughter of Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia (b. 1936) and her first husband Howard Oxenberg (1919–2010), a Jewish dress manufacturer and close friend of the Kennedy family<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Prince William zu Lobkowicz (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of the high Bohemian nobility, as member of the House of Lobkowicz, one of oldestBohemian noble families. Prince William's great-grandfather Ferdinand (1858–1938), was the 10th Prince zu Lobkowicz when the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed, leaving the Bohemian nobility stripped of its legal privileges in 1919.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[80]</div><div>Princess Maria Carolina Christina of Bourbon-Parma, Duchess of Guernica and Marchioness of Sala (born 1974)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Member of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma, as well of the Dutch Royal Family, Princess Carolina is the fourth and youngest child of Princess Irene of the Netherlands andCarlos Hugo, Duke of Parma.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Prince Radu of Romania (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Executive Program 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>He's the son in law of former King Michael I of Romania. In 1996 he married Princess Margarita of Romania, the king's eldest daughter. Princess Margarita is the Crown Princess ofRomania, and also known as the Custodian of the Romanian Crown.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Sonam Dechan Wangchuck(born 1981)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 2007<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Sister of King of Bhutan.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Science, technology, medicine, and mathematics[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Roger Adams (1889–1971)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1909, Ph.D. 1912<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Pioneering organic chemist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[81]</div><div>Howard H. Aiken (1900–1973)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.A. 1937; Ph.D. 1939<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Computer scientist; Designer of the Harvard Mark I<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[82]</div><div>James Gilbert Baker (1914–2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1942<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Astronomer, optician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[83]</div><div>John Bartlett (minister) (1784–1849)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1805<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Minister, Founder of Massachusetts General Hospital<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[84]</div><div>Craig Call Black<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>paleontologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Francine D. Blau (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.A. 1969; Ph.D. 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist at the National Bureau of Economic Research, first woman to receive the IZA Prize in Labor Economics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[85]</div><div>Dan Bricklin (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Creator of VisiCalc<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[86]</div><div>Thomas H. Clark (1893–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1917; A.M. 1921; Ph.D. 1923<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Geologist; One of the top Canadian scientists of the 20th century; Thomasclarkite<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[87]</div><div>Stephen Cook<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>S.M. 1962; Ph.D. 1966<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Computer scientist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[88]</div><div>Don Coppersmith<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>S.M. 1975; Ph.D. 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Computer scientist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[89]</div><div>Leda Cosmides (born 1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1979; Ph.D. 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Evolutionary psychologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[90]</div><div>Robert K. Crane<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biochemist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[91]</div><div>Harvey Cushing (1869–1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1895<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Neurosurgeon<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Elliott Cutler (1888–1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1909, M.D. 1913; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Surgeon and medical educator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[92]</div><div>Samuel J. Danishefsky (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist, winner of the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 1995/96<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[93]</div><div>Neil deGrasse Tyson (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Astrophysicist, Director of the Hayden Planetarium, Television Host<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[94]</div><div>Fe Del Mundo (born 1911)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1938<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>National Scientist of the Philippines, Pediatrician, Recipient of Ramon Magsaysay Award. Devised an incubator made out of bamboo which was designed for use in rural communities without electrical power. The first woman admitted as a student at Harvard Medical School.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Russell Doolittle<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D., 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biochemist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[95]</div><div>Gideon Dreyfuss<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biochemist, HHMI Investigator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[96]</div><div>Charles Epstein (geneticist)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Harvard Medical College 1959<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Geneticist; Injured by Ted Kaczynski aka Unabomber<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[97]</div><div>Paul Farmer (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1988; Ph.D. 1990; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder of Partners in Health<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[98]</div><div>Lewis J. Feldman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of plant biology at the University of California, Berkeley<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[99]</div><div>Rabab Fetieh (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Dental 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>First Saudi Arabian female orthodontist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Galambos (1914–2010)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>researcher who discovered how bats use echolocation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[100]</div><div>Bill Gates<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Dropped out<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Co-founder of Microsoft<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Paul Graham (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>S.M. 1988; Ph.D. 1990<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Computer programmer and essayist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ulysses S. Grant IV (1893–1977)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1915<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>paleontologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Brian Greene (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Famous in the world of String Theory; Columbia University Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[101]</div><div>Victor Guillemin (born 1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Differential geometer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[102]</div><div>G. Stanley Hall (1844–1924)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1878<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>First president of APA and Clark University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[103]</div><div>Benjamin Morgan Harrod (1837–1912)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1856; Civil Engineering 1859<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Designed the water and sewerage systems in his native New Orleans, Louisiana<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[104]</div><div>Donald Olding Hebb (1904–1985)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PhD 1936<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Canadian psychologist; "father of neuropsychology"; President of the American Psychological Association 1960; Fellow of the Royal Society; Chancellor of McGill University 1970–1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Heisuke Hironaka (1931–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1960; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mathematician; Fields Medal winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[105]</div><div>Arthur Allen Hoag (1921–1999)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1953<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Discovered Hoag's object<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tony Hsieh (1973–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1995<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>CEO of online shoe and clothing shop Zappos, co-founder of LinkExchange, author of Delivering Happiness<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[106]</div><div>Ruth Hubbard (1924–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1950 Radcliffe<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>professor, biologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[107]</div><div>Ernest Ingersoll (1852—1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>naturalist, writer and explorer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas Jaggar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1897<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Geologist, founder of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[108]</div><div>William James (1842–1910)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1869<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher; psychologist; gave name to William James Hall<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[109]</div><div>Michio Kaku (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>theoretical physicist, activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alfred Kinsey (1894–1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Sc. D. 1919<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Sexologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[110]</div><div>Ivan Krstic<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Computer security expert<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Holbrook Mann MacNeille (1907–1973)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1935<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mathematician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[111]</div><div>Scott McNealy (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Co-founder and chairman of Sun Microsystems<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[112]</div><div>John S. Meyer (1924–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Physician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Marvin Minsky (born 1927)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Computer scientist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[113]</div><div>Sylvanus G. Morley (1883–1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1908<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mayanist scholar and archaeologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[114]</div><div>Robert Tappan Morris (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1987; S.M. 1993; Ph.D. 1999<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>CS professor at MIT, creator of the first computer worm<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>David Mumford (born 1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1957; Ph.D. 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mathematician; Fields Medal winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[115]</div><div>Major General Spurgeon Neel(1919–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.P.H. 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>pioneer of aeromedical evacuation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[116]</div><div>J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1925<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist, "father of the atomic bomb"<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[117]</div><div>Tim O'Reilly<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder of O'Reilly Media<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[118]</div><div>George Parkman (1790–1849)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1809; Medical 1813<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physician;businessman; murder victim<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[119]</div><div>Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1859<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher; Mathematician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[120]</div><div>A. Sivathanu Pillai (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Distinguished Scientist & Chief Controller DRDO and CEO of BrahMos Aerospace<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[121]</div><div>Mark Plotkin (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Extension 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ethnobotanist; founder of Amazon Conservation Team<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[122]</div><div>Daniel Quillen (1940–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961; Ph.D. 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mathematician; Fields Medal winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[123]</div><div>Christian R. H. Raetz<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.D. and Ph.D. 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of biochemistry at Duke University and member of National Academy of Sciences<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[124]</div><div>Joseph Ransohoff (1915–2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1938<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Neurosurgeon, professor and chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery at the New York University School of Medicine<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Charles Reigeluth<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A. Economics, 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of instructional design systems and creator of Elaboration Theory<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[125]</div><div>Stuart A. Rice (born 1932)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1954; Ph.D. 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physical chemist at The University of Chicago<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[126]</div><div>Dennis Ritchie<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1963; Ph.D. 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Computer Scientist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[127]</div><div>Vern L. Schramm<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.S nutrition<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of biochemistry at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[128]</div><div>Harold Hill Smith (1910–1994)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Geneticist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[129]</div><div>Richard Stallman (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder of the Free Software Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[8]</div><div>John Tooby<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Anthropologist and evolutionary psychologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>An Wang (1920-1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Computer pioneer, Inducted into National Inventors Hall of Fame for magnetic core memory, Notable philanthropist.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[130]</div><div>John White Webster (1793–1850)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1811; Medical 1815<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physician; professor; killer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Parkman-Webster murder case</div><div>Edward Osborne Wilson (born 1929)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1955; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[131]</div><div>Charles F. Winslow (1811–1877)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1834<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physician, diplomat, and atomic theorist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[132]</div><div>John Winthrop (1714–1779)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1732; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Astronomer; Mathematician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Chauncey Wright (1830–1875)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1852<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mathematician, philosopher, professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[133]</div><div>Business[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Charles Francis Adams, Jr.(1835–1915)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1856<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Union Pacific Railroad<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[134]</div><div>Marcus Agius (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman, Barclays PLC<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[135]</div><div>Steve Ballmer (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President and CEO of Microsoft<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[136]</div><div>Charles M. Berger (1936–2008)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business, 1960<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business executive H. J. Heinz Company & CEO of The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[137]</div><div>Gordon Binder<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>CEO of Amgen (1988–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[138]</div><div>Lloyd Blankfein<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1975; Law 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>CEO and Chairman of Goldman Sachs<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[139]</div><div>Daniel Burke (1929–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MBA 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>former President of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from 1986–1994, engineered the $3.5 billion acquisition of ABC by Capital Cities in 1986.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[140]</div><div>John T. Cahill<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College; MBA<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman and CEO of The Pepsi Bottling Group<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[141]</div><div>Doug Carlston<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1970; Law 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Co-founder of Brøderbund Software<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[142]</div><div>Howard L. Clark, Sr. (1916–2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>former CEO (1960–1977) American Express<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[143]</div><div>Michael Cohrs<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1979; Business 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Group Executive Committee of Deutsche Bank<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[9]</div><div>Zoe Cruz (b. 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1977; Business 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Former Co-President of Morgan Stanley<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[144]</div><div>John D'Agostino<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MBA, 2002<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MD of Alkeon Capital, youngest Head of Strategy for NYMEX and subject of best-selling book 'Rigged: The Ivy League Kid who Changed the World of Oil From Wall Street to Dubai'<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[145]</div><div>Jamie Dimon (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman & CEO of JPMorgan Chase<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[146]</div><div>Colin Drummond (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MBA<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>CEO of Viridor and joint CEO of Pennon Group<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[147]</div><div>Victor Fung (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman of Li & Fung group of companies<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[148]</div><div>Elbridge T. Gerry, Sr. (1909–1999)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BA, 1931<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>General partner of Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. and, from 1957 to 1986, Director of theUnion Pacific Railroad<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[149]</div><div>Philippe Harache (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Advanced Management programme<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Former deputy CEO of Eurocopter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[150]</div><div>Trip Hawkins (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder of Electronic Arts and the 3DO Company<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[10]</div><div>Sean M. Healey (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1983; Law 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>CEO of Affiliated Managers Group and chairman of the Peabody Essex Museum<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[151]</div><div>Warren Hellman (born 1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1959<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder of Hellman & Friedman and Hellman, Ferri Investment Associates (today Matrix Partners). Former president, chairman, head of Investment Banking Division of Lehman Brothers.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard Leslie Huber (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Former CEO (1997–2000) of Aetna<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[152]</div><div>Jeffrey R. Immelt (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman & CEO of General Electric<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>hbs.edu</div><div>Whipple V. N. Jones (1909–2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1932, Business<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder of Aspen Highlands<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Carol Kalish (1955–1991)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>editor, Marvel Comics executive<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jeff Kindler<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>CEO of Pfizer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[153]</div><div>Tatparanandam Ananda Krishnan (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Tamil Malaysian businessman and philanthropist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Steve Kuhn (Executive)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economics 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Head of fixed-income trading, Pine River Capital Management<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[154]</div><div>J. Hicks Lanier<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>CEO of Oxford Industries<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[155]</div><div>John Loeb (1902–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1924<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Financier<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[156]</div><div>John Langeloth Loeb, Jr.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1952; Business 1954<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman of Loeb, Rhoades Trust Company; former United States Ambassador to Denmark<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sonita Lontoh<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 2003; cross-registered MIT graduate student<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Green Technology Executive<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Paul B. Loyd, Jr.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.B.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the R&B Falcon Corporation (1997–2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[157]</div><div>Stanley Marcus (1905–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1925; Business 1926<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President and CEO, Neiman Marcus department stores<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[158]</div><div>Douglas McGregor (1906–1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1933; Ph.D. 1935<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Management theorist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[159]</div><div>James McNerney (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman and CEO of Boeing<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[160]</div><div>George W. Merck (born 1894)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1915<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Industrialist; president of Merck & Co.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[161]</div><div>Sumner Redstone (born 1923)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1944; Law 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman and CEO of Viacom<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[162]</div><div>Fred Reichheld (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1974; Business 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author of bestselling business books<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[163]</div><div>Kevin Patrick Reilly, Sr. (born 1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College (ca. 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Retired CEO of Lamar Advertising Company in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[164]</div><div>David Rockefeller (born 1916)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1936<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Banker; Philanthropist; Chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[165]</div><div>Sean E. Reilly (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1984, Law 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chief operations officer and vice president for mergers and acquisitions of Lamar Advertising and former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[166]</div><div>Steve Schwarzman (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Billionaire, owner of Blackstone Group<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[167]</div><div>Daniel C. Searle (1926–2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>heir, CEO of G. D. Searle & Company, conservative philanthropist.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[168]</div><div>Sivasankaran (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman of Siva Group<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jeffrey Skilling (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>CEO of Enron; convicted of fraud and conspiracy.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[169]</div><div>Jan Stenbeck (1942–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of MTG<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William H Sumner (1780–1861)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1799<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Developed East Boston<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[170]</div><div>Ratan Naval Tata (born 1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman of Tata Group<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[171]</div><div>John Thain (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman & CEO of CIT Group, last Chairman & CEO of Merrill Lynch<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[172]</div><div>Charlemagne Tower (1809–1889)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1830<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lawyer and Businessman. Towns in Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and North Dakota are named after him. Also served on Harvard's board of overseers.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[173]</div><div>Robert Uihlein, Jr. (1916–1976)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1938<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman of the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[174]</div><div>Harry Elkins Widener (1885–1912)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1907<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Harvard's Widener Library is named after him, died in the sinking of the Titanic<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[175]</div><div>Moses Znaimer (born 1942)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Canadian media mogul<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[176]</div><div>Law and politics[edit]</div><div>Heads of State[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Arnulfo Arias (born 1901)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1925 – HMS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Panama<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2002 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Mongolia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[11]</div><div>John Adams (1735–1826)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1755 – College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[177]</div><div>John Quincy Adams (1767–1848)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1787 – College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[178]</div><div>Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (born 1962)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2000 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Mexico<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[179]</div><div>José María Figueres (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1991 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Costa Rica<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[180]</div><div>Elbridge Gerry (1744–1814)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1762 – College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Vice President of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[181]</div><div>Al Gore (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1969 – College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Vice President of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[182]</div><div>Rutherford Hayes (1822–1893)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1845 – Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[183]</div><div>John F. Kennedy (1917–1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1940 – College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the United States; gave name to Kennedy School of Government<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[184]</div><div>Ban Ki-Moon (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1984 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Secretary-General of the United Nations<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[185]</div><div>Annette Lu (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1978 – Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Vice President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[186]</div><div>Miguel de la Madrid (born 1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1965 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Mexico<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[187]</div><div>Jamil Mahuad (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1989 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Ecuador<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[188]</div><div>George W. Bush (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1973 – HBS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[189]</div><div>Barack Obama (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1991 – Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[190]</div><div>Sebastián Piñera (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1976 – PhD in Economics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Chile<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[191]</div><div>Syngman Rhee (1875–1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1909 – A.M.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of South Korea<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[192]</div><div>Mary Robinson (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1968 – HLS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Ireland<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[12]</div><div>Eduardo Rodríguez (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1988 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Bolivia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[193]</div><div>Franklin Delano Roosevelt(1882–1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1904 – College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[194]</div><div>Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1880 – College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[195]</div><div>Carlos Salinas de Gortari (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1973 – HKS; 1976 A.M.; 1978 Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Mexico<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[196]</div><div>Juan Manuel Santos<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1981 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Colombia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[197]</div><div>Ellen Johnson Sirleaf<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1971 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Liberia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[198]</div><div>Sir Donald Tsang (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1982 – HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chief Executive of Hong Kong<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[199]</div><div>John Tsang<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MPA<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Financial Secretary (Hong Kong)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Álvaro Uribe (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1993 – Extension<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Colombia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[200]</div><div>Ma Ying-Jeou (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1981 – S.J.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[201]</div><div>Heads of government[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Benazir Bhutto (1953–2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Pakistan<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[202]</div><div>Tom Davis (1917–2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Master of Public Health 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of the Cook Islands<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Han Duck-soo (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HBS 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of South Korea<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lee Hsien Loong (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Singapore<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[203]</div><div>William Lyon Mackenzie King(1874–1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1898; Ph.D. 1909<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Canada<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[204]</div><div>Beatriz Merino (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Peru<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Najib Mikati (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2004 – Business<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Lebanon<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[205]</div><div>Fan Noli (1882–1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1912<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Albania<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[206]</div><div>Nguyen Xuan Oanh (1921–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HBS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of South Vietnam<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Andreas Papandreou (1919–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1942; Ph.D. 1943; lecturer and associate professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Greece<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[207]</div><div>Samir Rifai (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Jordan<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Zaid al-Rifai (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1957<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Jordan<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Antonis Samaras (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HBS 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Greece<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alfred Sant (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HBS 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Malta<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward Seaga (born 1930)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Jamaica<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[208]</div><div>Aziz Sedki (1920–2008)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Egypt<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Frederick Sumaye (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 2007<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Tanzania<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[209]</div><div>Pierre Trudeau (1919–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1945<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Canada<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[210]</div><div>Gro Harlem Brundtland (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Master of Public Health – 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Norway<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[211]</div><div>Abdiweli Mohamed Ali (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Master of Public Administration – 1999<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Puntland; Prime Minister of Somalia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[212]</div><div>Tshering Tobgay (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Bhutan<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Supreme Court Justices[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Renato Corona (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Aharon Barak (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>President of the Supreme Court of Israel<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[213]</div><div>Louis Brandeis (1856–1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1877<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[214]</div><div>William J. Brennan (1906–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1931<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[215]</div><div>Stephen Breyer (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[216]</div><div>Harold Burton (1888–1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1912<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[217]</div><div>Benjamin Curtis (1809–1874)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1829; Law 1832<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[218]</div><div>William Cushing (1732–1810)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1751<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[218]</div><div>Felix Frankfurter (1882–1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1906<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[219]</div><div>Horace Gray (1828–1902)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1845; Law 1849<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[220]</div><div>Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.(1841–1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1861; Law 1866<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[221]</div><div>Elena Kagan (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1986<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[222]</div><div>Anthony Kennedy (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[223]</div><div>William Henry Moody (1853–1917)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1876<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[224]</div><div>Lewis Powell (1907–1998)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1932<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[225]</div><div>William Rehnquist (1924–2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chief Justice of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[226]</div><div>John Roberts (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1976; Law 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chief Justice of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[227]</div><div>Edward Terry Sanford (1865–1930)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1885; A.M. 1889; Law 1889<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[228]</div><div>Antonin Scalia (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1960<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[229]</div><div>David Souter (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961; Law 1966<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[230]</div><div>Joseph Story (1779–1845)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1798; Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[218]</div><div>U.S. Cabinet Secretaries[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Spencer Abraham (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Energy, United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[231]</div><div>Dean Acheson (1893–1971)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1918<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of State<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[232]</div><div>Brock Adams (1927–2004)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Transportation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[233]</div><div>Charles Francis Adams III (1866–1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1888; Law 1892<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Navy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[234]</div><div>Bruce Babbitt (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Interior, Governor of Arizona<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[235]</div><div>Robert Bacon (1860–1919)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1880<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of State<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[236]</div><div>Joseph Barr (1918–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[237]</div><div>William Bennett (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Education, activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[238]</div><div>Francis Biddle (1886–1968)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1909; Law 1911<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[239]</div><div>Charles Bonaparte (1851–1921)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1870, Law 1872<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Nicholas F. Brady (born 1930)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1954<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[240]</div><div>James H. Burnley IV (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Transportation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Frank Carlucci (born 1930)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Defense<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Joseph Califano (born 1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[241]</div><div>Elaine Chao (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Labor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[242]</div><div>Michael Chertoff (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1975; Law 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Homeland Security<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[243]</div><div>Henry Cisneros (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[244]</div><div>William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr.(born 1920)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1946<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Transportation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John T. Connor (1914–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1939<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Commerce<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Caleb Cushing (1800–1878)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1817<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Charles Devens (1820–1891)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1838, Law 1840<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Samuel Dexter (1761–1816)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1781<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>C. Douglas Dillon (1909–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1931<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[245]</div><div>Elizabeth Hanford Dole (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Transportation, United States Secretary of Labor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Shaun Donovan (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1995<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[246]</div><div>Arne Duncan (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Education<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William M. Evarts (1818–1901)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1840<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General, United States Secretary of State<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward Everett (1794–1865)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1811; A.M. 1814<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of State<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[247]</div><div>Charles S. Fairchild (1842–1920)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1863, Law 1865<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Barbara Hackman Franklin (born 1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Commerce<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[248]</div><div>Alberto Gonzales (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[249]</div><div>Christian Herter (1895–1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1915<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of State<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[250]</div><div>Ebenezer R. Hoar (1816–1895)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1835<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Donald Hodel (born 1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1957<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Interior, United States Secretary of Energy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[251]</div><div>David F. Houston (1866–1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1892<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Agriculture<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[252]</div><div>Robert F. Kennedy (1925–1968)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General, United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[253]</div><div>Cameron Kerry (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Commerce<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard Kleindienst (1923–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1947; Law 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[254]</div><div>Jack Lew (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Drew Lewis (born 1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Transportation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[255]</div><div>Levi Lincoln, Sr. (1749–1820)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1772<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Todd Lincoln (1843–1926)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1864<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of War, son of Abraham Lincoln<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[256]</div><div>Robert A. Lovett (1895–1986)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law, 1919, Business 1921<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Defense<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James Thomas Lynn (1927–2010)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Neil H. McElroy (1904–1972)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1925<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Defense<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[257]</div><div>Robert McNamara (1916–2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1939<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Defense<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[258]</div><div>Ogden Mills (1884–1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1904, Law 1907<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[259]</div><div>William Henry Moody (1853–1917)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1876<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard Olney (1835–1917)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1858<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of State<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[260]</div><div>Henry Paulson (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[261]</div><div>Thomas Perez (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1987, HKS 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Labor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Timothy Pickering (1745–1829)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1763<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of State, United States Secretary of War<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[262]</div><div>Penny Pritzker (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Commerce<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Donald Regan (1918–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1940<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[263]</div><div>Janet Reno (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1963<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[264]</div><div>Elliot Richardson (1920–1999)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1941, Law 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Defense, United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[265]</div><div>William Adams Richardson(1821–1896)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1843<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tom Ridge (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Homeland Security<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[266]</div><div>Robert E. Rubin (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1960<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury; Chairman of Citigroup<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[267]</div><div>James Schlesinger (born 1929)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950; A.M. 1952; Ph.D. 1956<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Defense, United States Secretary of Energy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[268]</div><div>William French Smith (1917–1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1942<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[269]</div><div>Henry L. Stimson (1867–1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1889<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of State, United States Secretary of War<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[270]</div><div>Lawrence Summers (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1982; President (2001–2006); Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of the Treasury<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[271]</div><div>Elihu B. Washburne (1816–1887)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1840<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of State<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert C. Weaver (1907–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1934<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sinclair Weeks (1893–1972)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1914<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Commerce<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[272]</div><div>Caspar Weinberger (1917–2006)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1938; Law 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Defense<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[273]</div><div>Willard Wirtz (born 1912)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1937<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Secretary of Labor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[274]</div><div>U.S. Senators[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Spencer Abraham (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Brock Adams (1927–2004)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Samuel G. Arnold (1821–1880)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1845<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Charles G. Atherton (1804–1853)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1822<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Woodward Barnwell(1801–1882)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1821<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Hiram Bingham III (1875–1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PhD. 1905<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jeff Bingaman (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[275]</div><div>Richard Blumenthal (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[276]</div><div>Robert J. Bulkley (1880–1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1902, Law 1906<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward R. Burke (1880–1968)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1911<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Harold Hitz Burton (1888–1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1911<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Chafee (1922–1999)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[277]</div><div>William E. Chandler (1835–1917)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1854<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>David Worth Clark (1902–1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1925<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Joseph S. Clark (1901–1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1923<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[278]</div><div>Edward P. Costigan (1874–1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1899<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Samuel C. Crafts (1768–1853)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1790<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mike Crapo (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[279]</div><div>Ted Cruz (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1995<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[280]</div><div>John Culver (born 1932)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1954; Law 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[281]</div><div>Charles Cutts (1769–1846)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1789<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bronson M. Cutting (1888–1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1910<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William F. De Saussure (1792–1870)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1810<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Samuel Dexter (1761–1816)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1781<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Elizabeth Dole (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1960; Law 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, U.S. presidential candidate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[282]</div><div>Thomas Eagleton (1929–2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1953<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, 1972 Democratic U.S. vice presidential nominee<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[283]</div><div>Sam Ervin (1896–1985)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1922<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[284]</div><div>James B. Eustis (1834–1899)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1854<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Russ Feingold (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[285]</div><div>Al Franken (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, Comedian, Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[286]</div><div>Hiram Fong (1906–2004)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1935<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[287]</div><div>Bill Frist (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, Majority Leader<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[288]</div><div>David Gambrell (born 1929)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[289]</div><div>Peter G. Gerry (1879–1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1901<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Guy D. Goff (1866–1933)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1891<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Benjamin Goodhue (1748–1814)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1766<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Christopher Gore (1758–1827)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1776<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bob Graham (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, Governor of Florida, U.S. presidential candidate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[290]</div><div>Ernest Gruening (1887–1974)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1907; Medical 1912<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[291]</div><div>Edward Gurney (1914–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1938<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[292]</div><div>Frederick Hale (1874–1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1896<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Floyd Haskell (1916–1998)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1937; Law 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[293]</div><div>William Hathaway (born 1924)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1949; Law 1953<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[294]</div><div>H. John Heinz (1938–1991)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1963<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[295]</div><div>Anthony Higgins (1840–1912)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1864<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>George Frisbie Hoar (1826–1904)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1846<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Henry F. Hollis (1869–1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1892<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard C. Hunter (1884–1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1910<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James Jeffords (born 1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[296]</div><div>Daniel T. Jewett (1807–1906)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1833<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tim Kaine (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[297]</div><div>Kenneth Keating (1900–1975)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1923<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, U.S. presidential candidate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[298]</div><div>James P. Kem (1890–1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1913<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward Kennedy (1932–2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1956; Honorary degree 2008<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, U.S. presidential candidate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[299]</div><div>Henry W. Keyes (1862–1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1887<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Rufus King (1755–1827)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1777<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Herbert Kohl (born 1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[300]</div><div>Carl Levin (born 1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1959<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[301]</div><div>James Lloyd (1769–1831)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1787<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Henry Cabot Lodge (1850–1924)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1871; Law 1874; Ph.D. 1876<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President pro tempore of the United States Senate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[302]</div><div>Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (1902–1985)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1924<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, 1960 Republican U.S. vice presidential nominee<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[303]</div><div>Gilman Marston (1811–1890)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1840<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Spark Matsunaga (1916–1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[304]</div><div>Prentiss Mellen (1764–1840)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1784<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Amos Nourse (1794–1877)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1812, PhD. 1817<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Harrison Gray Otis</div><div>(1765–1848)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1765<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[305]</div><div>Elijah Paine (1757–1842)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1781<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Samuel Pasco (1834–1917)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1858<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Claude Pepper (1900–1989)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1924<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[306]</div><div>Boies Penrose (1860–1921)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1881<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Timothy Pickering (1745–1829)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1763<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Larry Pressler (born 1942)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1971; Law 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[307]</div><div>William Proxmire (1915–2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1940; HKS 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[308]</div><div>Robert Rantoul, Jr. (1805–1852)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1826<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jack Reed (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1973; Law 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[309]</div><div>Jay Rockefeller (born 1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[310]</div><div>William Roth (1921–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1947; Law 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[311]</div><div>Frederic M. Sackett (1868–1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1893<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Leverett Saltonstall (1892–1979)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1914; Law 1917<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[312]</div><div>Paul Sarbanes (born 1933)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1960<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[313]</div><div>Frederick A. Sawyer (1822–1891)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1844<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Harrison Schmitt (born 1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator, Astronaut<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[314]</div><div>Charles Schumer (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1971; Law 1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[315]</div><div>James Sheafe (1755–1829)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1774<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Paine Sheffield, Sr.(1820–1907)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1774<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Benjamin Smith II (1916–1991)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1939<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[316]</div><div>Peleg Sprague (1793–1880)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1812<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ted Stevens (1923–2010)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President pro tempore of the United States Senate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[317]</div><div>Adlai Stevenson III (born 1930)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1952; Law 1957<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[318]</div><div>Richard Stone (born 1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[319]</div><div>Charles Sumner (1811–1874)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1830; Law 1833<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[320]</div><div>John E. Sununu (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[321]</div><div>Robert Taft (1889–1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1913<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[322]</div><div>Robert Taft Jr. (1917–1993)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1942<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[323]</div><div>Thomas W. Thompson (1766–1821)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1786<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Pat Toomey (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[324]</div><div>Robert Torricelli (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[325]</div><div>Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1727<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Paul Tsongas (1941–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[326]</div><div>David Vitter (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[327]</div><div>Mark Warner (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, co-founder of Nextel<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[328]</div><div>Elizabeth Warren (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[329]</div><div>Sinclair Weeks (1893–1972)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1914<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Charles Winthrop (1809–1894)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1828<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tim Wirth (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961; Education 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[330]</div><div>Thomas A. Wofford (1908–1978)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1931<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward O. Wolcott (1848–1905)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1875<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Louis Wyman (1917–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[331]</div><div>U.S. Governors[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Aníbal Acevedo Vilá (born 1962)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Puerto Rico<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[332]</div><div>Samuel Adams (1722–1803)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1740; A.M. 1743<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Massachusetts, organizer of Boston Tea Party<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[333]</div><div>Roger Branigin (1902–1975)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Indiana<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[334]</div><div>Phil Bredesen (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Tennessee<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[335]</div><div>C. Farris Bryant (1914–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1938<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Florida<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[336]</div><div>Brendan Byrne (born 1924)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of New Jersey<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[337]</div><div>Jim Doyle (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Wisconsin<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[338]</div><div>Michael Dukakis (born 1933)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1960<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Massachusetts, 1988 Democratic U.S. presidential nominee<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[339]</div><div>Pierre S. du Pont, IV (born 1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1963<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Delaware, U.S. presidential candidate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[340]</div><div>Booth Gardner (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1963<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Washington<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[341]</div><div>Samuel Goddard (1919–2006)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Arizona<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[342]</div><div>Jennifer Granholm (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Michigan<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[343]</div><div>John Hancock (1737–1793)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1754<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the Continental Congress, first Governor of Massachusetts<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[344]</div><div>Linwood Holton (born 1923)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Virginia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[345]</div><div>Tim Kaine (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Virginia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[346]</div><div>John King (1916–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1938<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of New Hampshire<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[347]</div><div>Frank Licht (1916–1987)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Rhode Island<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[348]</div><div>John Davis Lodge (1903–1985)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1925; Law 1929<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Connecticut<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[349]</div><div>John Lynch (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of New Hampshire<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[350]</div><div>Ray Mabus (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Mississippi<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[351]</div><div>Jim McGreevey (born 1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Education 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of New Jersey<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[352][353]</div><div>Deval Patrick (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1978; Law 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Massachusetts<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[354]</div><div>Endicott Peabody (1920–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1942; Law 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Massachusetts<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[355]</div><div>John H. Reed (born 1921)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Naval Supply 1944<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Maine<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[356]</div><div>Buddy Roemer (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1964; Business 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Louisiana<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[357]</div><div>Mitt Romney (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1975; Law 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Massachusetts, U.S. presidential candidate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[358]</div><div>George L. Sheldon (born 1870)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1893<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>14th Governor of Nebraska<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[359]</div><div>Richard Snelling (1927–1991)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Vermont<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[360]</div><div>Eliot Spitzer (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of New York<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[361]</div><div>Bruce Sundlun (born 1920)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Rhode Island<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[362]</div><div>J. Fife Symington III (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Arizona<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[363]</div><div>Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1727; A.M. 1730<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Connecticut<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[364]</div><div>Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (1740–1809)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1759;<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Connecticut son of John Trumbull class of 1727; also served as US Speaker of the House and US Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[13]</div><div>Jim Guy Tucker (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Arkansas<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[365]</div><div>David Walters (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Oklahoma<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[366]</div><div>Mark Warner (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, co-founder of Nextel<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[328]</div><div>William Weld (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1966; Law 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Governor of Massachusetts<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[367]</div><div>U.S. House of Representatives members[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>John Adler (1959–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981; Law 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[368]</div><div>Tom Allen (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[369]</div><div>John Barrow (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>John Anderson (born 1922)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. presidential candidate, U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[371]</div><div>John Ashbrook (1928–1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. presidential candidate, U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[372]</div><div>John Barrow (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[373]</div><div>Anthony Beilenson (born 1932)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1954; Law 1957<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[374]</div><div>Doug Bereuter (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Design 1966; HKS 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[375]</div><div>John Brademas (born 1927)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. House Majority Whip<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[376]</div><div>Tom Campbell (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[377]</div><div>Joaquín Castro (born 1974)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 2000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Gerry Connolly (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Merrill Cook (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[378]</div><div>Jim Cooper (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[379]</div><div>Tom Cotton (born 1977)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1999, Law 2002<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Christopher Cox (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1977; Law 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission chairman, U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[380]</div><div>Paul Cronin (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[381]</div><div>Artur Davis (born 1967)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1990; Law 1993<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[382]</div><div>Ron DeSantis (born 1978)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 2005<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Chet Edwards (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[383]</div><div>Elizabeth Esty (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Bill Foster (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Barney Frank (born 1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1962; Law 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[384]</div><div>John Garamendi (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Frederick Gillett (1851–1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1877<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Speaker of the United States House of Representatives<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[385]</div><div>Fred Grandy (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor, U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[386]</div><div>Allan Grayson (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1978; HKS 1983; Law 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor, U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[387]</div><div>Jane Harman (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[388]</div><div>Katherine Harris (born 1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1997<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative, Florida Secretary of State during the 2000 U.S. Presidential Electionrecount<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[389]</div><div>Brian Higgins (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1996<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[390]</div><div>Jim Himes (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[391]</div><div>Elizabeth Holtzman (born 1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1962; Law 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative, District Attorney, New York Comptroller<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[392]</div><div>Steve Horn (born 1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[393]</div><div>Amory Houghton (born 1926)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950; Business 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[394]</div><div>Michael Huffington (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative, businessman and husband of Arianna Huffington<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[395]</div><div>William J. Jefferson (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[396]</div><div>Nancy Johnson (born 1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1957<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[397]</div><div>Joseph P. Kennedy III (born 1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 2009<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Barbara Kennelly (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1959<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[398]</div><div>Ron Kind (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[399]</div><div>James G. King (1791–1853)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1810<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[400]</div><div>Jim Langevin (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1994<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[401]</div><div>Sander Levin (born 1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1957<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[402]</div><div>John E. Leonard (1845–1878)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1863<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[403]</div><div>Nicholas Longworth (1869–1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1891<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Speaker of the United States House of Representatives<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[404]</div><div>Stephen Lynch (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1999<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[405]</div><div>Dan Maffei (born 1968)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1995<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>James H. Maloney (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[406]</div><div>Jim Matheson (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[407]</div><div>Jim Moody (born 1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[408]</div><div>Scott Murphy (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[409]</div><div>William H. Perry (1839–1902)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1859<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[410]</div><div>Tom Petri (born 1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1962; Law 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[411]</div><div>Mike Pompeo (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1994<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Raul Ruiz (born 1972)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 2001, Medical 2001<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>John Sarbanes (born 1962)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[412]</div><div>Adam Schiff (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[413]</div><div>Pat Schroeder (born 1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Representative<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[414]</div><div>Bobby Scott (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[415]</div><div>Joe Sestak (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1980; Ph.D. 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[416]</div><div>Terri Sewell (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Brad Sherman (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[417]</div><div>Rob Simmons (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[418]</div><div>Samuel S. Stratton (1916–1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1940<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[419]</div><div>Mark Takano (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Frank Tejeda (1945–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[420]</div><div>Pat Toomey (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman, Club for Growth president<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[421]</div><div>Peter Torkildsen (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1990<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[422]</div><div>Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (1740–1809)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1759<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Speaker of the United States House of Representatives<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[423]</div><div>Chris Van Hollen (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[424]</div><div>Juan Vargas (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[370]</div><div>Robert Winthrop (1809–1894)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1828<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Speaker of the United States House of Representatives<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[425]</div><div>Other legal figures[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>John O. Bailey (1880–1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class of 1906<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>State supreme court justice from Oregon<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>Stephen Barnett<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1957; Law 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>legal scholar at Berkeley Law who opposed the Newspaper Preservation Act of 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[426]</div><div>Richard Blumenthal<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>former Attorney General of Connecticut<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Archibald Cox (1912–2004)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1934; Law 1937<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Special prosecutor in the Watergate Scandal<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Nora Dannehy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1986<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Special Prosecutor in the Dismissal of U.S. Attorneys Controversy, Former U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia; Deputy Attorney General of Connecticut<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bruce Fein<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder of Bruce Fein & Associates, Inc.; principal civil liberties activist in The Lichfield Group; analyst and commentator for conservative think tanks; top Justice Department official under Ronald Reagan administration; Senior Policy Advisor for the Ron Paul 2012 presidential campaign<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[427]</div><div>Patrick Fitzgerald (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Special Prosecutor in the Plame affair, United States Attorney<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Paul C. Gartzke (1927–2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Presiding Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Kumiki Gibson (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Extension 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chief Counsel to the V.P. Al Gore 1994–1997<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ulysses S. Grant, Jr. (1852–1929)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1874<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>attorney, land developer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Patrick Hartigan (1887–1968)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1909<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit and Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[428]</div><div>Charles Hamilton Houston (1895–1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1923<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>dean of Howard University Law School, lawyer for NAACP<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Harold Hongju Koh<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1975; Law 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Legal Adviser of the Department of State; former Dean of Yale Law School<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[429]</div><div>Juliane Kokott<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Advocate General at the European Court of Justice<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>John H. Langbein<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>legal scholar, professor at Yale Law School<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lemuel Shaw {1781–1861}<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1800<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chief Justice of Massachusetts Supreme Court<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lamar Tooze {1895–1971}<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1921<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Attorney, U. S. Army Major General, law professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tom Mesereau (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Criminal defense attorney<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Samuel Warren (born 1852)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1877<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Attorney; law partner of Louis Brandeis<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Terry Goddard<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Attorney General of Arizona<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Other political figures and activists[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Julia Chang Bloch<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Government, Grad School 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Ambassador to Nepal (under President George H. W. Bush), the first US Ambassador of Asian origin<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>Crown Princess Masako of Japan (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>The consort of Crown Prince Naruhito, the first son of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko, and a member of the Imperial House of Japan through marriage.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Bernardo Villegas<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PhD in Economics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist, Presidential Advisor, Founder of the Center for Research and Communication(CRC), lead a committee that drafted the 1987 Philippine Constitution<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkla (1892–1929), from Siam(that's now Thailand)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Certificate in Public Health 1921<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of the House of Chakri, of Siam (that's now Thailand), he was a son of KingChulalongkorn of Siam, and the father of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand. He's also regarded as the father of modern medicine andpublic health of Thailand.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Sheikh Dr. Muhammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Son of late Emir of Kuwait, Sheikh Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, he was Ambassador of Kuwaitto the United States from 1993 to 2003, and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kuwait from 2003 to 2011. He's the current Deputy Prime Minister of Kuwait. His elder brother is Sheikh Salem Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, former Defense and Interior Minister.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Ray Atherton (1883–1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1905<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>First United States Ambassador to Canada<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sandy Berger (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States National Security Advisor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Subramanian Swamy (born 1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Phd Economics 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Former Indian Union Minister of Commerce and Industry<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ben Bernanke (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman of the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sallie Bernard<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Executive Director of SafeMinds<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Julie Bishop (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business, 1996<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jayant Sinha (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business, 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Indian Member of Parliament in the 16th Lok Sabha, former Managing Director at Omidyar Network, former Partner at McKinsey & Company<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[430]</div><div>Michael Bloomberg (born 1942)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1966<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mayor of New York City<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>André Boisclair (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 2005<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>former leader of Parti Québécois<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>L. Paul Bremer (born 1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1966<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ambassador<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Zbigniew Brzezinski (born 1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1953<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States National Security Advisor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Anna Escobedo Cabral (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1990<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Treasurer of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Pat Caddell<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Pollster<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos (1891–1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.</div><div>1921<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Led the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[431][432]</div><div>Frank T. Caprio (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>General Treasurer of Rhode Island<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Gil Carmichael<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1976 (fellow)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Businessman and transporation specialist from Meridian, Mississippi; Republican candidate for U.S. Senate (1972), governor (1975 and 1979), and lieutenant governor (1983)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[433]</div><div>Robert Cerasoli (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Massachusetts House of Representatives, Inspector General Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Inspector General New Orleans<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[434]</div><div>Lena Chen<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2009<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Blogger, feminist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>P. Chidambaram<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HBS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Finance Minister of India<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>David Davis (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>British politician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Nelson Antonio Denis<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Former New York State Assemblyman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1890; A.M. 1891; Ph.D. 1895<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Civil rights leader, African American studies scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lucie Edwards<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Canadian Diplomat<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Ellery (1727–1780)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1747<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Signer of United States Declaration of Independence<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>Daniel Ellsberg (born 1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1952; Ph.D. 1963<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Leaker of the Pentagon Papers<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Douglas Feith (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Policy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Michèle Flournoy (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Under Secretary of Defense for Policy of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[435]</div><div>Richard Fuller<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>British Member of Parliament<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>David Gergen (born 1942)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Advisor to four U.S. presidents<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Carl Gershman (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M. Education 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.N. Representative and National Endowment for Democracy President<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard N. Goodwin (born 1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Speechwriter for Kennedy and Johnson administrations, author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jennifer Gordon<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1987, Law 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>founded the Workplace Project, associate professor at Fordham University School of Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan(1933–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1954<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Son of Aga Khan III, the 48th Imam of Nizari Ismailism; Prince Sadruddin served as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1978.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Jamie Gorelick (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1972; Law 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of 9/11 Commission<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Hagelin (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Third-party presidential candidate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Will Ford Hartnett (1956–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lawyer from Dallas; member of the Texas House of Representatives<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Kerry Healey (1960–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James M. Henderson (1921–1995)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Advanced Management Program, Date missing<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>founder of top-ranked Henderson Advertising Agency of Greenville, South Carolina; Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina in 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[436]</div><div>Thomas Wentworth Higginson(1823–1911)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1841<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author, abolitionist, Colonel<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alger Hiss (1904–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1929<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Accused of espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Hooper (1742–1790)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1760<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Signer of United States Declaration of Independence<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>Rafael Hui (1948–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chief Secretary for Administration of Hong Kong<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lindsay Hyde (1982–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>founder and President of Strong Women, Strong Girls, Inc.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Michael Ignatieff (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. History 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Liberal Party of Canada Leader of Her majestys loyal opposition, Member of Parliament, Canadian scholar, professor & author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edita Tahiri (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 2002<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A founder and leader of independence movement of Kosovo Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo 1991–2000, Deputy Primeminister<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Greville Janner (born 1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member, House of Lords<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Jeffrey<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>13th Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Raymond W. Kelly (born 1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>New York City Police Commissioner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Caroline Kennedy (born 1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer; daughter of John F. Kennedy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Joseph P. Kennedy (1888–1969)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1912<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Kennedy political family patriarch<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alan Keyes (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1972; Ph.D. 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. presidential candidate and Senatorial candidate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Marc Kielburger (born 1977)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1999<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Canadian humanitarian and activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Faik Konitza (1875–1942)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Writer, Ambassador of Albania to the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Philip Lader<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Anthony Lake (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>United States National Security Advisor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Corliss Lamont (1905–1995)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1924, professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>ACLU director, humanist author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tobias Lear (1762–1816)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1783<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>George Washington's personal secretary<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lawrence B. Lindsey (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1981; Ph.D. 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist, Director of the National Economic Council<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Nabiel Makarim (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Indonesian Environmental Minister<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Timothy Massad (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1978; Law 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>corporate lawyer at Cravath, Swaine & Moore, U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability, nominee to chair the Commodity Futures Trading Commission<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[437]</div><div>Dan Massey (1942–2013)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Graduate 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>sexual freedom scholar, religious philosopher, human rights activist, chief engineer at BBN Technologies, and senior scientist at Science Applications International Corporation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Susan McCaw (born 1962)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>US Ambassador to Austria, 2005–2007<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[438]</div><div>Ken Mehlman (born 1967)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>former chairman of the Republican National Committee<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>David Miller (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economics (undergrad) 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mayor of Toronto<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Green Miller<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>United States Ambassador to Ukraine from 1993 to 1998<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Daniel Mudd (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1986<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President and CEO of Fannie Mae<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ralph Nader (born 1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Public advocate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Grover Norquist (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1978; Business 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Finance Minister of Nigeria, Foreign Affairs Minister of Nigeria<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James Otis (1725–1783)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1743; A.M. 1746<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lawyer influential in American Revolution<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lalith Athulathmudali (1936–1993)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Sri Lankan Minister of National Security, Minister of Education<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Samuel Allyne Otis</div><div>(1740–1814)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1759<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1st Secretary of the U.S. Senate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[439]</div><div>Kelly Overton<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Government, year unknown<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>animal rights activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>Prince Ali-Reza Pahlavi, of Iran(Persia) (1966–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. student at the time of his death<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of the Pahlavi Imperial Family of Iran (Persia), he was the younger son of the formerShah of Persia (Emperor of Persia), Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and his third wife EmpressFarah Pahlavi. He was second in Order of succession to the Iranian throne before the Iranian Revolution.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Robert Treat Paine (1731–1814)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1749<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Signer of United States Declaration of Independence<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>Francis Pangilinan (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1998<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Senator and the Majority Leader of the Senate of the Philippines<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Clay Pell<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>United States Department of Education official<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[440]</div><div>José Piñera (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economics, Grad School M.A. 1972, Ph.D. 1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chile Minister of Labor and Social Security, Minister of Mines (under President Augusto Pinochet), 1978–1980, enacted world's first system of private retirement accounts. Known as one of the Chicago Boys.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>Jesse Robredo (1958–2012)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.P.A. 1999<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government of the Philippines<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Stuart Rabner (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>New Jersey State Attorney General<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Franklin Raines (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1971; Law 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman and CEO of Fannie Mae<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Rosa Gumataotao Rios (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Treasurer of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Andres Rivero (born 1962)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Local Deputy in the Congress of Colima, member of PAN, and former President of Seguros ING, S.A. de C.V.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Muhammad Al-Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Foreign Minister of Kuwait<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Surakiart Sathirathai (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Foreign Minister of Thailand<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>G. David Schine (1927–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Entrepreneur, businessman, political activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jyotiraditya Scindia (born 1971)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1993<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Indian Member of Parliament and Union Minister of State for IT and Communications<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Phyllis Schlafly (born 1924)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 1945<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Nancy Sherman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University, military ethicist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Faryar Shirzad (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Advisor to U.S. President George W. Bush<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bob Shrum (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political consultant<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>George William Strake, Jr. (born 1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MBA 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Secretary of State of Texas, 1979–1981; Republican state chairman, 1983–1988; Houstonbusinessman and philanthropist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[441]</div><div>Lorenzo M. Tañada (1898–1992)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philippine Senator, nationalist and civil libertarian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tina Tchen (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>lawyer, Assistant to President Barack Obama; Chief of Staff to First Lady Michelle Obama; and Executive Director of the White House Council on Women and Girls.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Paul Volcker (born 1927)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairman of the Federal Reserve<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>George F. Ward<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.P.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>former United States Ambassador to Namibia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[442]</div><div>Joseph Warren (1741–1775)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1759; A.M. 1762<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>physician, soldier, activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[443]</div><div>Princess Maria Carolina Christina of Bourbon-Parma, Duchess of Guernica and Marchioness of Sala (born 1974)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Member of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma, as well of the Dutch Royal Family, Princess Carolina is the fourth and youngest child of Princess Irene of the Netherlands andCarlos Hugo, Duke of Parma.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Lieutenant Colonel The Honorable Osborne Wrigley-Pimley-McKerr III<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HMS<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Vice-President of the Royal Republic of Ladonia, Minister honoris causa to the Imperial House of Afghanistan in Exile and Aide-de-Camp to Nathan Deal, Governor of Georgia.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[444]</div><div>Prince Radu of Romania (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Executive Program 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>He's the son in law of former King Michael I of Romania. In 1996 he married Princess Margarita of Romania, the king's eldest daughter. Princess Margarita is the Crown Princess ofRomania, and also known as the Custodian of the Romanian Crown.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Alexander Watson<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ambassador, diplomat<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Kevin White<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1957<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mayor of Boston<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Anthony A. Williams<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS, Law 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mayor of Washington, DC<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Gita Wirjawan<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS, 2000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Minister of Trade of Indonesia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James Wolfensohn (1933–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1959<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ninth President of the World Bank<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Abul Maal Abdul Muhith (1934–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>economist, diplomat, and language veteran from Bangladesh<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Yam Ah Mee (1957–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business unknown<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Returning Officer, Singaporean general election, 2011, Former Brigadier General in theRepublic of Singapore Air Force<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Zoellick (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1979; HKS 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Eleventh President of the World Bank<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Raja Nazrin Shah of Perak (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Masters; Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Son of the current Sultan of Perak, one of the Sultans of Malaysia, as a federal constitutional monarchy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Kiraitu Murungi (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Minister of Energy in Kenya<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Raja Nazrin Shah (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M.; Ph.D<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Crown Prince of Perak, Malaysia<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Steve Spinner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MBA<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Adviser to Obama Campaign, Department of Energy Official<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Martha M. Walz (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 2000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Democratic member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lars-Gunnar Wigemark (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>EU Ambassador to Pakistan<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[445]</div><div>William Williams (1731–1811)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1751<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Signer of United States Declaration of Independence<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>Hastings Wyman (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Bachelor of Arts 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political consultant, author, journalist, publisher of The Southern Political Report<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[446]</div><div>Paul Heroux (born 1976)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MPA 2011<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>State Representative from Massachusetts<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia article</div><div>Military[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>John Abizaid (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Army general, Commander of United States Central Command (CENTCOM)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[447]</div><div>Douglas Campbell (aviator)(1896–1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.B. 1917<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Soldier-World War I ace<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[448]</div><div>Erle Cocke, Jr. (1921–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.B.A. 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. National Guard general<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Harry F. Cruver (1916–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Army Air Forces aviator in World War II, recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[449]</div><div>George Downing (c. 1624–1684)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1640s<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>English soldier, diplomat<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Peter Fanta<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.P.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Navy admiral<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Manning Force (1824–1899)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1845; Law 1848<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Union Army general, Medal of Honor recipient, judge, author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Pierpont M. Hamilton (1898–1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1920; A.M. 1946<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Army Air Forces general in World War II, Medal of Honor recipient<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Walter Newell Hill (1881–1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1904<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Marine Corps general, Medal of Honor recipient<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Henry S. Huidekoper (1839–1918)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1862; A.M. 1872<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Union Army officer, Medal of Honor recipient<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Claud Ashton Jones (1885–1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.S. 1915<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Navy admiral, Medal of Honor recipient<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Henry Ware Lawton (1843–1899)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1866<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Army general, Medal of Honor recipient, killed in the Philippine–American War<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>John N. Lotz<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Air National Guard general<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>George G. McMurtry (1876–1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1899<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Army officer in World War I with the "Lost Battalion", Medal of Honor recipient<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Hal Moore (born 1922)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>U.S. Army general, author of We Were Soldiers Once… And Young<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert C. Murray (1946–1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Army soldier killed in the Vietnam War, Medal of Honor recipient<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Yonatan "Yoni" Netanyahu(1946–1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>attended 1967–68<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>commander of the elite Israeli army commando unit Sayeret Matkal; killed in action duringOperation Entebbe in Uganda; awarded the Medal of Distinguished Service for his conduct in the Yom Kippur War<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[451]</div><div>Norris W. Overton (born 1926)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Air Force general<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Charles E. Phelps (1833–1908)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1853<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Union Army general, Medal of Honor recipient, U.S. Representative from Maryland, lawyer, judge<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Horace Porter (1837–1921)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lawrence Scientific School 1857<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Union Army general, Medal of Honor recipient, businessman, ambassador to France<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (1887–1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1909<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Son of President Theodore Roosevelt, U.S. Army general, Medal of Honor recipient, businessman, Governor of Puerto Rico, Governor-General of the Philippines<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Sherrod E. Skinner, Jr. (1929–1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Marine Corps officer killed in the Korean War, Medal of Honor recipient<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Phillips Waller Smith (1906–1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.B.A. 1940<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Air Force general<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[452]</div><div>Hazard Stevens (1842–1918)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1865<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Union Army general, Medal of Honor recipient, Massachusetts state legislator, mountaineer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Charles White Whittlesey (1884–1921)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1908<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Army officer in World War I, commander of the "Lost Battalion", Medal of Honor recipient<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>Arthur Harold Webber (1893–1918)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Harvard 1915<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Volunteer with RAF Squadron 84, Killed in Flying Accident Texas April 10, 1918<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[453]</div><div>Leonard Wood (1860–1927)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1884<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Army general, military surgeon, commander of the Rough Riders, 5th Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba and Governor General of the Philippines,Medal of Honor recipient<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[450]</div><div>News[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Jill Abramson (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Former executive editor of The New York Times<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[454]</div><div>Melissa Block (born 1962)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Host of NPR's All Things Considered<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ben Bradlee (born 1921)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1944<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Washington Post managing editor during Watergate Scandal<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James Brown (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Sportscaster<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Susan Chira<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>foreign editor of The New York Times since 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Kevin Corke<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist, NBC News<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jim Cramer (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1977; Law 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Television host<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>E. J. Dionne (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Washington Post columnist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lou Dobbs (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Television host<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Emerson (1923–2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>covered the civil rights era as Newsweek's first bureau chief assigned to cover the Southern United States; editor in chief of The Saturday Evening Post.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[455]</div><div>James Fallows (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Amy Goodman (born 1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>liberal political commentator, founder of Democracy Now!<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[456]</div><div>Donald E. Graham (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1966<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>The Washington Post Company chairman and CEO<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Aaron Harber<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MPA<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political analyst for CBS 4 KCNC-TV, host of The Aaron Harber Show on Colorado Public Broadcasting KBDI-TV Channel 12<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Walter Isaacson (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Former CNN chairman and CEO, managing editor of TIME, author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Boisfeuillet Jones, Jr. (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1968; Law 1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Washington Post publisher and CEO<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Michael Kinsley (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1972; Law 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Nicholas D. Kristof (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>New York Times reporter and columnist; two-time Pulitzer Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Kristol (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973; Ph.D. 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Editor of The Weekly Standard<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Melissa Lee<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1995<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>News Anchor of CNBC<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Soledad O'Brien (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Television host<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Suzanne Malveaux (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>CNN correspondent<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas Oliphant<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Boston Globe columnist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bill O'Reilly (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1996<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist and Conservative political commentator; host of The O'Reilly Factor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Silvia Poggioli (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>foreign correspondent, NPR<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Reed (1887–1920)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1910<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist, activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Frank Rich (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>New York Times columnist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Stephen Sackur (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS ?<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BBC journalist and political commentator; host of HARDtalk<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Peter Sagal (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Public radio host of Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!, playwright, screenwriter, actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bill Schneider<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1969, Ph.D. 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist, political analyst<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lara Setrakian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist, political analyst<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sam Sifton (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>New York Times Chief Restaurant Critic<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Andrew Sullivan (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS 1986; Ph.D. 1990<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Blogger, journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Pablo S. Torre (born 1985)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2007<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Sportswriter for ESPN and Sports Illustrated<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Katharine Weymouth (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Washington Post publisher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Lindsay White<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1924<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jessica Yellin<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mort Zuckerman (born 1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. News & World Report editor-in-chief, New York Daily News owner and publisher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Literature[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Horatio Alger, Jr. (1832–1899)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1852<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[457]</div><div>Margaret Atwood (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe A.M. 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[458]</div><div>Peter Benchley (1940–2006)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[459]</div><div>Robert Benchley (1889–1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1912<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[460]</div><div>John Berendt (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[461]</div><div>Robert Bly (born 1926)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Marita Bonner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe College 1922<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Harlem Renaissance writer, essayist, poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bill Branon<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1959<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Harold Brodkey (1930–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>George Hardin Brown<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medieval scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[462]</div><div>Thomas Bulfinch (1796–1867)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1814<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mythologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William S. Burroughs (1914–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1936<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ethan Canin (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Steven R. Covey (1932–2012)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author and self-help guru<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Michael Crichton (1942–2008)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1964; Medical 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist, best known for Jurassic Park and the television series ER<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>E. E. Cummings (1894–1962)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1915; A.M. 1916<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Guy Davenport (1927–2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer, artist, critic<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Paul de Man (1919–1983)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1960<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>literary critic<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Joseph Dennie (1768–1812)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1790<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author, editor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[463]</div><div>John dos Passos (1896–1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1916<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward Eager (1911–1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College c. 1932<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer of children's literature<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1821; Divinity 1829<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer; gave name to Emerson Hall<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Berry Fleming (1899–1989)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1922<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer of novels[464]<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Al Franken (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedian, United States Senator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward Gorey (1925–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer, Illustrator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Donald Hall (born 1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>14th U.S. Poet Laureate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Louisa Hall (born 1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James D. Hart (died 1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Writer, Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mark Helprin (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College, Graduate School<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Julie Hilden<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.(1809–1894)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College; Ph.D. 1836; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet, physician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Angela Hur<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2002<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[465][466]</div><div>Gregg Hurwitz<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1995<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist, comics writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Uzodinma Iweala (born 1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Gish Jen (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Helen Keller (1880–1968)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1904<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Deafblind author, activist, and lecturer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>H.T. Kirby-Smith (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet and Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Maxine Kumin (born 1925)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1946; A.M. 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jean Kwok<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[467]</div><div>Ursula K. Le Guin (born 1929)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Hunter Lewis (born 1947)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.B. 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Frederick Wadsworth Loring(1848–1871)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1870<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author, Newspaper correspondent<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James Russell Lowell (1819–1891)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1838<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet, abolitionist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alison Lurie (born 1926)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Norman Mailer (1923–2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1943<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>F.O. Matthiessen (1902–1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.A. 1926 Ph.D 1927<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Harvard Teacher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Anne McCaffrey (1926–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Charles Murray (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Howard Nemerov (1920–1991)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Frank O'Hara (1926–1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>George Plimpton (1927–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1948<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer, journalist, actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Adrienne Rich (born 1929)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>E. San Juan, Jr.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M.; Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet, cultural scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Erich Segal (born 1937)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1958; A.M. 1959; Ph.D. 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author, screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Maximo V. Soliven (born 1933)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Decorated Writer; Chevalier (knight) of the National Order of Merit<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Susan Sontag (1933–2004)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1957<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer, activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas Sowell (born 1930)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer, economist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Gertrude Stein (1874–1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1897<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet, novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ernest Thayer (1863–1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1885<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1837<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist, philosopher, writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sergio Troncoso (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist and writer of short stories<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lily Tuck (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe College 1960<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist, winner of the 2004 National Book Award.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[468]</div><div>Scott Turow (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist, lawyer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Updike (1932–2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1954<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Kaavya Viswanathan (born 1987)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2008<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist, noted plagiarist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Andrew Weil (born 1942)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1964; Medical School 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard Wilbur (born 1921)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1947; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas Wolfe (1900–1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1922<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Elizabeth Wurtzel (born 1967)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>A. B. Yehoshua (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Novelist, essayist, and playwright<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Film, theater, and television[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Tatyana Ali (born 1979)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2002<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress, Singer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Darren Aronofsky (born 1969)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film director and screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[469]</div><div>Catherine Oxenberg (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Serbian American actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[79]</div><div>Ronald Bass (born 1942)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[470]</div><div>S. N. Behrman (1893–1973)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1916<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Playwright, screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Roberts Blossom (1924–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1943<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor, Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Andy Borowitz (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedian, film actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Amy Brenneman (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Gaspar Bergman (born 1979)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 2001<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film director<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bill Brown<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Experimental filmmaker<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Emily Carmichael (born 1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Director, Screenwriter, Animator<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Stockard Channing (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Rob Cohen (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film director, screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Cesar Conde (born 1973)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1995<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Univision<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lindsay Crouse (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Matt Damon (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1988–1992 (Didn't graduate)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor, screenwriter, producer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Greg Daniels (born 1962)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1980–1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedy Writer, producer, and director<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jeremy Doner (born 1974)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1994<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[471]</div><div>Christopher Durang (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1971<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Playwright<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Geoffrey S. Fletcher (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Screenwriter, film director, professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Greg Giraldo (1965–2010)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Fred Grandy (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor, U.S. Congressman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[386]</div><div>Andre Gregory (born 1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1956<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Theatre director, actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Fred Gwynne (1926–1993)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Hill Harper (1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>HKS, Law 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Erika Harold (1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 2007<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Miss America 2003<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[472]</div><div>Sarah Haskins (1979)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2001<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Josephine Hull (1886–1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1899<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Rashida Jones (born 1976)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1997<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tommy Lee Jones (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Colin Jost (born 1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor, Writer, Comedian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Douglas Kenney (1947–1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Humorist, screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jack Lemmon (1925–2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alan Jay Lerner (1918–1986)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1940<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lyricist, librettist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jeremy Leven (born 1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Education 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Novelist, screenwriter, director, producer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Lithgow (born 1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Donal Logue (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Joseph Losey (1909–1984)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film director<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Terrence Malick (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1966<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film director, screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Dan McGrath (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Emmy-winning writer "Saturday Night Live, The Simpsons, and King of the Hill."<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tom McGrath (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1976, MBA 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film & Theater Executive/Producer, The Princess Bride, Hair, Passing Strange, West Side Story<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia</div><div>Abel Meeropol<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Actor and composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alex Michel (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>American businessman and television personality for The Bachelor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>David Monahan (born 1971)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mira Nair (born 1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film director<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Dean Norris (born 1962/63)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor, Breaking Bad, Under the Dome<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Wikipedia</div><div>B. J. Novak (born 1979)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2001<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedian, actor, The Office<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Conan O'Brien (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1985<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Talk show host<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mark O'Donnell (1954–2012)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedy writer, Tony winner Hairspray, author, op-ed columnist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>imdb.com</div><div>Steve O'Donnell (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedy writer, multiple Emmy winner, Head Writer David Letterman Show, The Simpsons<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>imdb.com</div><div>Keir Pearson (born 1968)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Frank R. Pierson (born 1925)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Screenwriter, film director<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Natalie Portman (born 1981)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2003<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress, Academy Award Winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Carol Potter (born 1948)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Social Relations (Psychology) 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress, Beverly Hills, 90210<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[473]</div><div>Fred Gwynne (1926–1993)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mo Rocca (born 1969)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Comedian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Meredith Salenger (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Michael Schur (born 1975)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1997<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer for Saturday Night Live, The Office, and Parks and Recreation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Peter Sellars<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Theater director<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Wallace Shawn (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor, playwright<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Elisabeth Shue (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mira Sorvino (born 1967)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1990<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Whit Stillman (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Screenwriter, film director<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Renee Tajima-Peña<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film director and producer, notable for "Who Killed Vincent Chin?"<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[474]</div><div>Sooni Taraporevala (born 1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jonathan Taylor Thomas (born 1981)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Scottie Thompson (born 1981)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2005<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[475]</div><div>James Toback (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1966<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film director and screenwriter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Brian Tyler (born 1972)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1998<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film composer and music producer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jack Valenti (1921–2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1952<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the MPAA<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Courtney B. Vance (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Weidman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Librettist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Steve Zahn (born 1967)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Actor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jeff Zucker (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1986<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of NBC Universal<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward Zwick (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1974<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film director<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bill Stetson<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A. 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the Vermont Film Commission, Producer: "What We Want, What We Believe: The Black Panther Party Library"; “Citizen Suits”; and "A Closer Walk"<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Olga Fedori<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Actress, Singer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Music[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>John Adams (1947–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[476]</div><div>Charlie Albright<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2011, Harvard/New England Conservatory of Music AB/MM Joint Program 2011/2012<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Pianist, Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Leroy Anderson (1908–1975)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1929; A.M. 1930<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[477]</div><div>Leonard Bernstein (1918–1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1939<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>composer, conductor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Elliott Carter (1908–2012)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1931<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Han-na Chang (1982–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2001<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>cellist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Christie (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1966<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Conductor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Rivers Cuomo (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2006<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Singer of band Weezer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Aden Evens<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Member of musical group Re:<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Elliot Forbes (1917–2006)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1941; A.M. 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>conductor, musicologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Russ Gershon (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981/82<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Jazz saxophonist, composer, bandleader<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Aaron Goldberg<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1996<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Jazz pianist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Fred Ho (1957–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Jazz baritone saxophonist, composer, and bandleader<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Samuel Holyoke (1762–1820)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1789, A.M. 1792<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jacob Kimball (1761–1826)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1780<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lester Allyson Knibbs, a.k.a. Abdulhakim Muhammad<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1968, Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas M. Lauderdale (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1992<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Musician, frontman of Pink Martini<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sara Lazarus<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Jazz vocalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Trey Chui-yee Lee (born 1973)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1997<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>cellist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tom Lehrer (born 1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1946; A.M. 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Satirist; Mathematician; Singer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ryan Leslie (born 1978)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1994<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Music producer; singer-songwriter; musical arranger<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[478]</div><div>Yo-Yo Ma (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>cellist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tom Morello (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1986<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lead guitarist of the band Rage Against the Machine; ex-lead guitarist of the now defunct band Audioslave; Political activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Dmitri Nabokov (born 1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Opera Singer, Son of Vladimir Nabokov<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ursula Oppens (1944–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Pianist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William P. Perry (born 1930)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1951<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Joshua Redman (born 1969)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Jazz saxophonist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Frederic Rzewski (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer, Pianist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Anton Schwartz (born 1967)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Jazz saxophonist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Strassburg (1915–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1950<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Conductor, Composer, Professor of Music, Musicologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[479]</div><div>Michael Stern (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Conductor, Kansas City Symphony<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[480]</div><div>Brian Tyler (born 1972)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1998<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Film composer, music producer, conductor, pianist, drummer, guitarist, multi-instrumentalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>David Wax<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2005<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Musician & songwriter, David Wax Museum<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alan Gilbert (born 1967)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Music director of the New York Philharmonic<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Daniel Manzano (born 1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1999<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>bassist, percussionist, backing vocals, and songwriter for Boyce Avenue<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Zeeshan Zaidi (born 1974)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1996; Business 2000; Law 2000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lead singer and guitarist for The Commuters<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Art, architecture, and engineering[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Charles Bulfinch (1763–1844)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1781<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Architect<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Allan Crite<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Extension 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Artist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[481]</div><div>Hardy Cross<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MCE 1911<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Civil engineer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Gulgee (1926–2007)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1947<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Pakistani artist famous for his paintings and Islamic calligraphy, qualified engineer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[482]</div><div>Philip Johnson (born 1906)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1930<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Architect; Pritzker Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Julian Hatton (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Artist; abstract landscapes<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[483][484]</div><div>Jarvis Hunt (born 1863)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Architect<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[485]</div><div>Fumihiko Maki (born 1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Design 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Architect; Pritzker Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Elizabeth Holloway Marston (born 1893)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe College A.M. 1921<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Involved in the creation of the comic book character Wonder Woman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thom Mayne (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Design 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Architect; Pritzker Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Malcolm McKesson (1909–1999)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1933<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Outsider artist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Philippe de Montebello<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Director of Metropolitan Museum of Art<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>I. M. Pei (born 1917)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Design 1946<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Architect; Pritzker Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Henry Hobson Richardson(1838–1886)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1859<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Architect<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Kenneth Dupee Swan (1887–1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Photographer, forester<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[486]</div><div>Religion[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>George Arthur Buttrick (1892–1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>faculty member in 1955<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of Christian Morals<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[487]</div><div>William Ellery Channing (1780–1842)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1798<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Unitarian leader<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Shubael Dummer (1636–1692)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1656<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder of the First Parish Congregational Church of York, the oldest church congregation in the state of Maine. Killed in the Candlemas Massacre.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[488]</div><div>Karim Aga Khan IV (born 1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Spiritual leader of Shia Ismaili branch of Islam<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bernard Francis Law (born 1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1953<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Cardinal Archbishop of Boston<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Aaron Lichtenstein (born 1933)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Phd English<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chief rabbi at yeshiva Har Etzion in Israel and son-in-law and disciple of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Cotton Mather (1663–1728)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1678, A.M. 1681<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Minister, author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Increase Mather (1639–1723)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1656<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Clergyman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Fan S. Noli (1882–1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>D.D. 1908<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Clergyman, Founder of the Albanian Orthodox Church<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Theodore Parker (1810–1860)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Divinity<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Unitarian leader<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William G. Sinkford (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Unitarian Universalist leader<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Joshua Toulmin (1740–1815)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>D.D. 1794<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>English Radical Dissenting minister<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Athletics[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Craig Adams (born 1977)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1999<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NHL player, Pittsburgh Penguins<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[489]</div><div>Eugene Belisle (1910–1983)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1931<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Coxwain at 1928 Summer Olympics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Matt Birk (born 1976)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1998<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NFL Center<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[490]</div><div>Brian Burke (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MBA/JD 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NHL General Manager<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ellery Harding Clark (1874–1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1896<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Two time gold medalist at 1896 Summer Olympics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Emily Cross (born 1986)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2009<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Silver medalist in Fencing at 2008 Summer Olympics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Clifton Dawson (born 1983)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2007<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NFL Player, Indianapolis Colts<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jillian Dempsey (born 1991)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2013<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>ice hockey player<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Dockery (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1968<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NFL Cornerback<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[491]</div><div>Ted Donato (born 1969)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NHL player, Head hockey coach<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[492]</div><div>Chandler Egan (1884–1936)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1905<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Gold and Silver medalist in Golf at 1904 Summer Olympics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ryan Fitzpatrick (born 1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2005<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NFL quarterback, St. Louis Rams, Cincinnati Bengals, Buffalo Bills<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[493]</div><div>Eddie Grant (1883–1918)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1905, Law 1909<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MLB Infielder, Cleveland Indians, Philadelphia Phillies, Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[494]</div><div>Milton Green (1913–2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Runner, former world recorder holder in hurdles<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Peter Gregg (1940–1981)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Racing driver<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[495]</div><div>Arnold Horween (1898–1985)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1921<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>American football All American player for the Harvard Crimson and the NFL; Harvard coach<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[496]</div><div>Ralph Horween (1896–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1920 and Law School 1929<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>American football All American player for the Harvard Crimson and the NFL; centenarian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[497]</div><div>Bobby Jones (1902–1971)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1924<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Golfer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[498]</div><div>Dan Jiggetts (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NFL offensive tackle, Chicago sportscaster<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[499]</div><div>Isaiah Kacyvenski (born 1977)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2000, HBS 2011<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NFL Player, Seattle Seahawks, St. Louis Rams, Oakland Raiders<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[500]</div><div>Marv Levy (born 1925)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NFL Coach, Kansas City Chiefs, Buffalo Bills<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[501]</div><div>Jeremy Lin (born 1988)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2010<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NBA Player, Houston Rockets<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[502]</div><div>Esther Lofgren (born 1986)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2009<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Gold medalist in rowing at 2012 Summer Olympics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Shep Messing (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>soccer player<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Dominic Moore (born 1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NHL Player, Toronto Maple Leafs, Buffalo Sabres, San Jose Sharks<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[503]</div><div>Steve Moore (born 1978)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NHL Player, Colorado Avalanche<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[504]</div><div>Christopher Nowinski (born 1978)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professional wrestler<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Paul (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MBA<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>sportscar racing driver<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[505]</div><div>Dylan Reese (born 1984)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NHL Player, New York Islanders<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[506]</div><div>Larry Scott (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1986<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WTA CEO, Pac-10 commissioner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[507][508]</div><div>Richard Sears (1861–1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1883<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>7 time US Open champion<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[507][509]</div><div>Ed Smith (born 1929)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>former NBA player, New York Knicks<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[510]</div><div>Andrew Sudduth (1961–2006)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Silver medalist in rowing at 1984 Summer Olympics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Noah Welch (born 1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2005<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>NHL player, Florida Panthers<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[511]</div><div>Keith Wright<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2012<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2010–11 Ivy League Men's Basketball Player of the Year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[512]</div><div>Paul Wylie (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Figure skater<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Criminal activity[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Amy Bishop (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1993<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>mass-murderess<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Donald Cody<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Harvard Law School 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Aka "Bobby Thompson"; Convicted November 14, 2013 of charges in connection with United States Navy Veterans Association<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Marc Stuart Dreier<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Juris Doctor Harvard Law School 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Securities fraud<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Gina Grant (born 1976)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Did not matriculate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>voluntary manslaughter. Lied on application about killing mother. Early Admission offered, then rescinded.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Christopher Janus (1911–2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1936<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Bank Fraud<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ted Kaczynski (born 1942)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1962<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Unabomber terrorist/Murderer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Viktor Kozeny (born 1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Fugitive financier<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Chas Lee (born 1971)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1993<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Embezzler<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Suzanne Pomey (born 1980)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2002<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Embezzler<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Joshua Parker {1690-died after 1732}<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class of 1710 {did not graduate}<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Forger; brother-in-law of Nicholas Fessenden Class of 1701<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Henry Phillips<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class of 1724<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Murderer {Duelist}-died in exile in France 1729<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Eugene Plotkin<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 2000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Convicted of insider trading<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[513]</div><div>Robert Livingston Schuyler {b.1798}<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class of 1817<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Embezzler/Bigamist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Louis Agassiz Shaw II {1906–1987}<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class of 1929<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Murderer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jeffrey Skilling (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1979<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Conspiracy, making false statements, insider trading, and securities fraud during the Enroncase<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[514]</div><div>Sinedu Tadesse (1974–1995)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1996 (did not graduate)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Murderer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Chuck Turner (born 1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1963<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Convicted felon and former Boston City Council Member<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Dr John White Webster (1793–1850)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1811<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Murderer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard Whitney (financier)(1888–1974)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Embezzler<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Stephen H. Kessler (1930s-?)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical 1957<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>"Mad LSD Slayer" of 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[515]</div><div>Florian Homm, the ex-hedge fund manager who spent five years in hiding before being captured in Italy’s Uffizi Gallery last March, may soon be coming to America</div><div>
</div><div>Academics[edit]</div><div>College founders and presidents[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Alexandra W. Logue<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Provost of New York Institute of Technology<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Allen<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1802<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Bowdoin College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard E. Berendzen (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President, The American University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William R. Cotter<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1958, Law 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>18th President of Colby College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Francisco J. Azcúnaga Guerra(born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ed.M.1976–1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President, of The University of Monterrey<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[516]</div><div>Ruth J. Person<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Institute of Educational Management 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chancellor, The University of Michigan (Flint Campus)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[517]</div><div>Claudio Demattè (1942–2004)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder, SDA Bocconi<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Shih Choon Fong<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PhD 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>First President of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[518]</div><div>Clifton D. Gray (1875–1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1897<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Bates College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>David C. Hardesty<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of West Virginia University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William DeWitt Hyde<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1879<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Bowdoin College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert B. Lawton<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President, The Loyola Marymount University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[519]</div><div>Edith Lesley<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe College 1908<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>founder of Lesley University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Stephen W. Nease<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Divinity<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the Eastern Nazarene College 1981–1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[520]</div><div>David Lloyd Johnston<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>AB 1963<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of University of Waterloo<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[521]</div><div>M. Lee Pelton (born c. 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1984, Senior Tutor of Winthrop House<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Willamette University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[522]</div><div>Charles F. Phillips (born 1910)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist, president of Bates College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William C. Powers<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>JD 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of The University of Texas at Austin<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[523]</div><div>Mark Roosevelt<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A. From Harvard University</div><div>Law degree from Harvard Law School<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Antioch College, Yellow Springs Ohio</div><div>Great Grandson of Theodore Roosevelt Harvard Class of 1880<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jonathan Rosenbaum (scholar)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph. D<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Gratz College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Clifford A. Scott (born 1946)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MPH<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President, The New England College of Optometry<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Fred J. Shields<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Education<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the Eastern Nazarene College 1919–1923<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[524][525]</div><div>Phillip Shriver (1922–2011)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>President of Miami University Ohio; also a graduate of Yale University and Columbia University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Andrew Sledd (1870–1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.A. Greek 1896<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>First president of the University of Florida 1905–1909<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[526]</div><div>David J. Steinberg<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College; A.M.; Ph. D<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Long Island University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert E. L. Strider (1917–2010)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1939<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>17th president of Colby College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Peggy R. Williams<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Education 1983<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of Ithaca College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Michael J. Young<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Provost of New York Film Academy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[527]</div><div>George W. Webber (1920–2010)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1942<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>President of the New York Theological Seminary<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[528]</div><div>Daniel Little<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosophy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chancellor of University of Michigan-Dearborn<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Heather Knight<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Doctorate<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>21st President of Pacific Union College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Yoshito Hori<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MBA<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Founder Globis University Graduate School of Management<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Professors and scholars[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Eugene C. Barker (1874–1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Graduate study in history<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Premier historian of Texas<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sylvan Barnet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1954<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Shakespearean scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bernard Berenson (1865–1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1887<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Art historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Luciano Berio (1925–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1994 Distinguished Composer in Residence<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Michael Beschloss (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1980<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>David Bevington<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1958<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Amy Bishop (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph. D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Assassinated three fellow professors and wounded two more at The University of Alabama in Huntsville<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Boswell (1947–1994)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1975<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian of homosexual history<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Castelli (born 1949)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.A. 1996<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Criminal Justice Department Chair at Iona College, New York State Assemblyman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1918<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chinese American Linguist, Philosopher and Amateur Composer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Schuyler V. Cammann (1921–1991)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.A. 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>anthropologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Donald Davidson (1917–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Greg Dening (1931–2008)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian, scholar of historical ethnography<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John K. Fairbank (1907–1991)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1929<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>East Asian scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ben Finney (b. 1934)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Anthropologist, author, Polynesian Voyaging Society co-founder<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>M. Judah Folkman (February 24, 1933 – January 14, 2008)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1953<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>founder of angiogenesis<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mary Parker Follett (1868–1933)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1898<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>social and political theorist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard Foltz (born 1961)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1996<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian of religions<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James Fowler (born 1970)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1992; Ph.D. 2003<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political Scientist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[529]</div><div>Charles Harvard Gibbs-Smith(1909–1981)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.A. 1932<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[530]</div><div>Nelson Goodman (1906–1998)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1928; Ph.D. 1941<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Philip F. Gura<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.B. 1972; Ph.D. 1977<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Leading scholar on American history and literature<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Patricia Greenspan<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1968; Ph.D. 1972<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of Philosophy at the University of Maryland, College Park<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Curriculum Vitae</div><div>Harlan P. Hanson (1925–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.B. 1948; Ph.D. 1959<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Director of the Advanced Placement program (1965–1989)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Perry H. Howard<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sociologist at Louisiana State University who researched into Louisiana politics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>T.R. Kidder born 1960<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1989<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Archaeologist, former Dean of Tulane<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Gary N. Knoppers<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1986; Ph.D. 1988<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Leading scholar on Chronicles and Chronicler<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert A. Kraft<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Leading scholar on Jewish History and Christian Origins<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Rosalind E. Krauss<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1969<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Art Historian and founder of October, a leading academic journal<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alan Kreider (born 1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. (1965), Ph.D. (1971), Travelling Fellow (1966–67)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Formerly Director, Centre for the Study of Christianity and Culture, University of Oxford<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Saul Kripke (born 1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College; Society of Fellows<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1943; A.M. 1946; Ph.D. 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher and historian of science<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert C. Lieberman (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1994<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political Scientist, Provost of the Johns Hopkins University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[531]</div><div>David Lewis (1941–2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1967<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Perry Link<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1966, Ph.D. 1976<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Sinologist, Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Tanya Luhrmann<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1981<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>American psychological anthropologist, elected into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Roger Martin (born 1956)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business 1978<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Dean of University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Francis Parkman (1823–1898)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Juan Antonio Pérez López(1934–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1970<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Business Theorist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Joel M. Podolny (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1986<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Dean of Yale School of Management; Sociologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Mark Rosenzweig (1922–2009)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1949<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor at the University of California, Berkeley whose studies showed that the braindevelops into adulthood based on life experiences<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[532]</div><div>Jeffrey Sachs (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A.;M.A;Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Edward Said (1935–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M.; Ph.D. 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Coined term Orientalism; Palestinian activist; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>George Santayana (1863–1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1886; Ph.D. 1889; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jonathan Siegel (born 1962)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1984<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of Law, George Washington University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Harpreet Singh<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>M.T.S. 2005; Ph.D. 2011<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Scholar of Islamic, Hindu and Sikh traditions of South Asia; Co-Founder of the Sikh Coalition<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[533]</div><div>Andrea Smith<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.A.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Native American Studies<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Christian Smith (born 1960)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1990<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Religious Studies<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Timothy L. Smith (1924–1997)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PhD<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Religious historian, author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[534]</div><div>Diane Souvaine<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chairperson of the computer science program at Tufts University; professor of computer science and mathematics<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ronald Spores<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D 1964<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor Emeritus of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[535]</div><div>Phillip Swagel<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1993<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[536]</div><div>Barbara Tuchman (1912–1989)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Radcliffe 1933; faculty<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jon Wiener (1944–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[537]</div><div>Charles W. Woodworth (1865–1940)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Grad. Student, Researcher (1886–1888), (1900–1901)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Entomologist; Founder UCB's Entomology Department<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Amy Zegart (1967–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1989, magna cum laude in East Asian Studies<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of Public Policy; UCLA School of Public Affairs<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Faculty[edit]</div><div>Professors who are also Harvard alumni are listed in italics.</div><div>
</div><div>Nobel laureates[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Kenneth Arow (born 1921)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[538]</div><div>Elias J. Corey (born 1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Dudley Herschbach (born 1932)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>William Lipscomb (born 1919)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist; Nobel Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Norman F. Ramsey (born 1915)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Thomas Schelling (1921–?)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist, Nobel Prize 2005<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Julian Schwinger (1918–1994)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist; Nobel Prize winner (1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Amartya Sen (born 1933)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize winner (1998)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James D. Watson (born 1928)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Molecular biologist; Nobel Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Burns Woodward (1917–1979)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist, Nobel Prize 1965<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Others[edit]</div><div>Name<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Class year<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notability<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reference(s)</div><div>Mark Albion (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PhD 1982<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author, Social Entrepreneur, Co-Founder of Net Impact<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Esko Aho (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>IOP Fellow 2000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prime Minister of Finland (1991–1995)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[539]</div><div>William Berenberg (1915–2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1936; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of pediatrics, physician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[540]</div><div>Theodore C. Bestor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Anthropologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Grete L. Bibring (1899–1977)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor, Harvard Medical School<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Psychoanalyst; First female professor at Harvard Medical School<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[541]</div><div>Fitzroy Carrington (born 1869)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lecturer on engraving<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journalist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard Clarke (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Faculty<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Diplomat, counterterrorism expert<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Kim B. Clark<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1974; A.M. 1977; Ph.D. 1978; Dean of business school 1995–2005<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Lawrence "Crash" Davis (1919–2001)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Baseball coach (1943–1945)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Inspiration for Bull Durham<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Alan Dershowitz (born 1938)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor (1964–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Law scholar, pro-Israel activist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Bruce Donoff (born 1951)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Dental 1967; Medical 1973<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Dean, Harvard School of Dental Medicine<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Noam Elkies (born 1966)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M. 1986; Ph.D. 1987; professor (1990–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mathematician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Archie Epps (1937–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>B.D 1961<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Dean of Students, (1971–1999)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[542][543]</div><div>Denise Faustman<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Associate Professor of Medicine<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical doctor and pioneer in diabetes research<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Martin Feldstein (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1961; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Niall Ferguson (born 1964)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor 2005–present<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Kenneth Galbraith (1908–2006)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Canadian-American Keynesian Economist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Henry Louis Gates, Jr. (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>African American studies scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Daniel Gilbert<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor at the Department of Psychology<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Social psychologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Daniel Goldhagen (born 1959)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.; previously an Associate Professor of Government and Social Studies<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political scientist; controversial author of Hitler's Willing Executioners<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Stephen Greenblatt (born 1943)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Literary critic<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Walter Gropius (1883–1969)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor; dean ofHarvard Graduate School of Design<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Architect<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Theodore Hall (1925–1999)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1943<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Soviet Spy on the Manhattan Project<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Caroline Hoxby<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1988; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Samuel P. Huntington (born 1927)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1951; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political scientist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jay Jasanoff<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.B. 1963, Ph.D. 1968; professor 1970–78, 1998–<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Linguist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[544]</div><div>Howard Koh (born 1952)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor, Harvard School of Public Health<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Susumu Kuno (born 1933)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1964, Professor Emeritus<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Linguist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[545]</div><div>George Martin Lane (1823–1897)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor (1869–1894)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Classical scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Timothy Leary (1920–1996)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor (1959–1963)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Writer; psychologist; LSD guru<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1807–1882)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor (1834–1854)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Poet<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>N. Gregory Mankiw (born 1958)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Harvey Mansfield<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Government at Harvard University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Julián Marías (1914–2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher and author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Richard Marius (1933–1999)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reformation historian and author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ernst Mayr (1904–2005)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Evolutionary biologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert C. Merton (born 1944)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Economist; Nobel Prize winner<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ken Nakayama<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Psychologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Nozick (1938–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Libertarian philosopher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Milman Parry (??-1935)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Scholar of the classics and folklore<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Benjamin Peirce (1809–1880)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1829; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mathematician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Steven Pinker (born 1954)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1979; professor (2003–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Psychologist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Seda Pumpyanskaya (born 1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1992;<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>International Corporate Communication Director<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Robert Putnam (born 1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political scientist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>W. V. Quine (1908–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1932; professor (1956–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher; logician<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>John Rawls (1921–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher; political scientist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Wade Regehr<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Neurobiology<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[546]</div><div>Edwin O. Reischauer (1910–1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D. 1939; professor; gave name to Reischauer Institute<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>East Asian scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Juan Rosai<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Visiting Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Medical doctor and professor of pathology; author of a main textbook in the field and discoverer of the Rosai-Dorfman disease.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Josiah Royce (1855–1916)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor (1892–1914)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James R. Russell<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor (1993–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor and scholar; Mashtots Professor of Armenian Studies, Harvard University<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[547]</div><div>Nadav Safran (1925–2003)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>An expert in Arab politics and former director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Michael Sandel<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Political scientist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Elaine Scarry<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of English and American Literature and Language, the Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Author<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Arthur M. Schlesinger (1888–1965)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor; gave name toSchlesinger Library<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>B. F. Skinner (1904–1990)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Behavioral psychologist; inventor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Wilfred Cantwell Smith (1916–2000)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Religious scholar; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Jared Sparks (1789–1866)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1819; professor (1838–1849)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Historian<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Laurence Tribe (born 1941)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1962; Law 1966; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lawyer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Cornel West (born 1953)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor (1993–2002)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>African American studies scholar<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>George M. Whitesides (born 1939)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>College 1960; University professor (1982–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Chemist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>James Q. Wilson (born 1931)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor 1961–1987<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor of public policy<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Dave Winer (born 1955)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Fellow at HLS's Berkman Center for Internet and Society 2004<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Software developer; early and still famous blogger<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Harry Austryn Wolfson (1887–1974)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Ph.D.; professor<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Philosopher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Ma Ying-Jeou (born 1950)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Doctor of Juridical Science, J.S.D. 1981.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>12th President of the Republic of China<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Barack Hussein Obama, Sr.(1936–1982)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>A.M., economics, 1965.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Kenyan economist, father of U.S. President Barack Obama<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div>Sameh El-Saharty (born 1957)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>MD, MSc, MPH 1991<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>president of Harvard Arab Alumni, Senior Health specialist, World Bank<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[548]</div><div>Richard Wilson (born 1926)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Professor at the Department of Physics (1955–)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Physicist<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>[549]</div><div>See also</div><div>
</div><div>
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