science direct

lombord cherry-pick misconstrue?<div>
</div><div><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">October 13, 2016</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bjorn Lomborg write on Op-Ed in <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Wall Street Journal</em> titled “<a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-those-non-disappearing-pacific-islands-1476400840#" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none;">About Those Non-Disappearing Pacific Islands</a>”<span class="modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop" data-mfn="83" data-mfn-post-scope="0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px;"><a role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="mfn-content-0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" data-wpel-link="internal" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none;">83</a></span> citing a <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213305415300199" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none;">September 2015 study</a> and claiming that the Marshall Islands have been gaining land area.<span class="modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop" data-mfn="84" data-mfn-post-scope="0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px;"><a role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="mfn-content-0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" data-wpel-link="internal" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none;">84</a></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While Lomborg says “this doesn’t mean that global warming isn’t real, or that world leaders and scientists shouldn’t tackle the adverse effects of climate change,” he accuses journalists of “hype and exaggeration.”<span class="modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop" data-mfn="85" data-mfn-post-scope="0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px;"><a role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="mfn-content-0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" data-wpel-link="internal" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none;">85</a></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/15/marshall-islands-climate-change-springdale-arkansas" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none;">In September 2016, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Guardian</em> reported</a> first-hand accounts of Marshall Islands residents who had been directly affected by sea level changes. They noted that about a fifth of the population had left the islands between 1999 and 2011.<span class="modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop" data-mfn="86" data-mfn-post-scope="0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px;"><a role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="mfn-content-0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" data-wpel-link="internal" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none;">86</a></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to Lomborg, “doom-mongering” from issues like the Marshall Islands “makes us panic and seize upon the wrong responses to global warming.” He argues the Paris climate agreement “will slow the world’s economic growth to force a shift to inefficient green energy sources” and will “achieve almost nothing.”<span class="modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop" data-mfn="87" data-mfn-post-scope="0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px;"><a role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="mfn-content-0000000005c314d20000000016b44709_7823" data-wpel-link="internal" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none;">87</a></span></font></p><div>
</div><div><div>anthropcene jrnl?</div><div>
</div><div>Multi-decadal shoreline changes in response to sea level rise in the Marshall Islands</div><div>Author links open overlay panelMurray R.FordaPaul S.Kenchb</div><div>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2015.11.002Get rights and content</div><div>Highlights</div><div>•</div><div>Remote imagery was used to map reef island change throughout the Marshall Islands.</div><div>
</div><div>•</div><div>The predominant style of shoreline change since the mid-20th century was accretion.</div><div>
</div><div>•</div><div>Island change shows considerable spatio-temporal variability.</div><div>
</div><div>•</div><div>There is a critical need to monitor reef island change as sea level rises.</div><div>
</div><div>•</div><div>Adaption plans require an understanding of island dynamics to avoid maladaptation.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Abstract</div><div>Low-lying reef islands are considered highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Accelerating rates of sea level rise as a result of anthropogenic climate change are expected to destabilise islands and threaten to render entire nations uninhabitable. Using historic aerial photographs and recent high-resolution satellite imagery, shoreline changes on six atolls and two mid-ocean reef islands in the Republic of the Marshall Islands were analysed. Results reveal that since the middle of the 20th century more shoreline has accreted than eroded, with 17.23% showing erosion, compared to 39.74% accretion and 43.03% showing no change. The net result of these changes was the growth of the islands examined from 9.09 km2 to 9.46 km2 between World War Two (WWII) and 2010. Analyses of shoreline changes since the 1970s show that shorelines are accreting albeit at a slower rate, with rates of change between the 1970s and 2010 of 0.29 m/dec compared with 0.77 m/dec between WWII and 1970s. The observed shoreline changes occur in the context of locally rising sea level. As sea level continues to rise there is a critical need for regular monitoring of reef islands in order to better understand the spatio-temporal variability of reef island change and guide future adaptation efforts within atoll nations.</div></div></div>