Classic Symptoms

<p>PND presence increases likelyhood of HF &#62; 2 fold

S3 presence, 11 times likeyhood

&#160;

50% reduced likelyhood&#160;</p>

<ol>

<li>absence of DOE</li>

<li>absence of crackles on exam</li>

</ol>

<p>&#160;

Elevated jugular venous pressure and an S3 are independently associated with adverse outcomes, including progression of heart failure.</p>