Universal Economy (Globalization)
<p><strong>Bold Indicates dates outlined by Carroll Quigley on page 38-39 of <em>Tragedy & Hope </em>(1966).</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>670-1050: </strong></p>
<p><strong>Name - Manorial</strong></p>
<p><strong>Organization - Manor</strong></p>
<p><strong>Management - Custom</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>1050-1270: </strong></p>
<p><strong>Name - Commercial capitalism</strong></p>
<p><strong>Organization - Company</strong></p>
<p><strong>Management - Municipal mercantilism</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>1440-1690: </strong></p>
<p><strong>Name - Commercial capitalism</strong></p>
<p><strong>Organization - Chartered company</strong></p>
<p><strong>Management - State mercantilism</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>1770-1870: </strong></p>
<p><strong>Name - Industrial capitalism</strong></p>
<p><strong>Organization - Private firm or partnership</strong></p>
<p><strong>Management - Owners</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>1850-1932:</strong></p>
<p><strong>Name - Financial capitalism</strong></p>
<p><strong>Organization - Corporation and holding company</strong></p>
<p><strong>Management - Bankers</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>1890-1950:</strong></p>
<p><strong>Name - Monopoly capitalism</strong></p>
<p><strong>Organization - Cartels and trade association</strong></p>
<p><strong>Management - Managers</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>Scientific Outlook (1931) by Bertrand Russell, page 204:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">The social effect of modern scientific technique is, in practically all directions, to demand an increase both in the size and intensity of organization I mean the proportion of a man's activities that is governed by the fact of his belonging to some social unit. The primitive peasent may be almost entirely self-directed; he produces his own food, buys very little, and does not send his children to school. The modern man, even if he happens to be an agriculturist, produces only a small portion of what he eats; if he grows wheat, for example, he probably sells the whole of his crop and buys his bread from the baker like any other man; even if he does not do this, he has to buy most of the rest of his food. In his buying and selling he depends upon immense organizations which are usually international; his reading is provided by the great newspapers, his amusements by Hollywood, the education of his children by the State, his capital, in part at least, by a bank, his political opinions by his party, his safety and many of his amenities by the government to which he pays taxes. Thus in all his most important activities he has ceased to be a separate unit and has become dependent upon some social organization. In a great many respects national boundaries have become a technical absurdity, and further advance demands that they should be ignored.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"> </p>
<p><strong>1934-present:</strong></p>
<p><strong>Name - Pluralist economy</strong></p>
<p><strong>Organization - Lobbying groups</strong></p>
<p><strong>Management - Technocrats</strong></p>