1. System Boundaries & Environment

Lens: Define what is inside and outside the national health system and how it relates to its environment.

• System boundaries: What counts as the “health system” (formal services, public health, social care, community, digital, traditional, etc.)?
• Environment / context: Key external systems (political, economic, education, labor, tech, global health) shaping it.
• Levels of analysis: Interactions across national, regional, local, and frontline levels.