3. System Structure & Architecture

Lens: Map the structural and organizational design of the health system.

• System architecture: Centralized vs decentralized; public–private mix; purchaser–provider split vs integrated.
• Governance structures: Ministries, agencies, regulators, accreditation bodies.
• Network structure: Referrals, collaborations, public–private partnerships; hubs, bottlenecks, silos.
• Sub-systems & modules: Primary care, hospitals, emergency, mental health, public health, long-term care, pharma, digital health, etc.