Arithmetic

Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:%E1%BC%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:ἀριθμός">ἀριθμός</a>, arithmos "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number" title="Number">number</a>") is the oldest<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic#cite_note-1">[1]</a> and most elementary branch of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> (compared to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_analysis" title="Mathematical analysis">analysis</a>).

It consists in the study of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number" title="Number">numbers</a>, especially the properties of the traditional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%28mathematics%29" title="Operation (mathematics)">operations</a> between them — <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition" title="Addition">addition</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtraction" title="Subtraction">subtraction</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication" title="Multiplication">multiplication</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%28mathematics%29" title="Division (mathematics)">division</a>.

Arithmetic is an elementary part of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a>. However the terms arithmetic and higher arithmetic were used until the beginning of 20th century as synonyms for number theory, and are, sometimes, still used to refer to a wider part of number theory.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

Arithmetic

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