Copulins
Copulins. Copulins are chemicals secreted by a female's vagina. Chemically copulins are volatile C 2-C 5 aliphatic acids. Huggins and Preti et al. 1976 studied the chemical composition of copulins in 12 patients for 44 ovulatory cycles by means of gas chromatography tandem with mass spectroscopy to identify organic volatile components. These vaginal secretions contain mixture of aliphatic acids, alcohol, hydroxy ketones and aromatic compounds. Research since the mid to late 90 s has proven that copulins can affect and even control a male's brain. They have been shown to increase testosterone levels in men by 150% (Astrid Jutte study). This increase in testosterone may cause feelings of arousal in men if a woman is present. It is said that once a man smells copulins on a woman she is deemed to be more attractive.
Effect of Copulins on Rating of Female Attractiveness, Mate-Guarding, and Self-Perceived Sexual Desirability Olfaction and chemical signaling play an important role in the mating behaviors of many taxa, yet there is minimal empirical research on human putative pheromones. A mixture of five volatile fatty acids secreted vaginally, identified and named “copulins,” significantly increase in concentration during the follicular phase and decrease in concentration during the luteal phase in nonpill using women. Men exposed to copulins exhibit an increase in testosterone, are inhibited in discriminating the attractiveness of women’s faces, and behave less cooperatively. According to Anisogamy, Sexual Selection and Parental Investment Theory, mammalian males, having low cost and high benefit from any copulatory interaction, may adaptively utilize any useful cues to identifying ovulating females and adjust their behavior accordingly in order to maximize their potential reproductive success.
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