Birth Defects
A congenital malformation, different from an anomaly (this is the kind of malformation that doesn't change your life span, such as having too many fingers), a birth defect does change life span. For example, a malformation of a heart valve or the vertebrae.
articles/studies
Paternal alcohol use increases frequency of fetal development issues
This popular supplement may increase risk of birth defects, study finds. A new study reveals that high doses of antioxidants—often seen as harmless or beneficial—may actually impact future generations. Male mice given common supplements like NAC produced offspring with subtle but significant facial and skull changes. Researchers believe this is tied to altered sperm DNA, even though the fathers showed no outward health issues.