Vasoconstriction
After damage of a blood vessel occurs there is short-term vasoconstriction and short-term transient ischemia. It may last a few seconds.
In hardwork, when in overall circulation sympathetic tone is dominating and activity of the sympathetic nervous system is prevailing, in non-working areas of the organism we have vasoconstriction but in working muscles we still have vasodilation in spite of central sympathetic vasoconstrictor signals.
Raynaud’s Disease: Its pathophysiology includes hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system causing extreme vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels, leading to tissue hypoxia.
Epinephrine promotes peripheral vasoconstriction (prevents heat loss)
Nitric Oxide - Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor inhibits Angiotensin II, causing inhibition of vasoconstriction.
Angiotensin II acts on the CNS to increase vasopressin production, and also acts on venous and arterial smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction.
Hypocapnia: Acute hypocapnia causes hypocapnic alkalosis, which causes cerebral vasoconstriction leading to cerebral hypoxia, and this can cause transient dizziness, fainting, and anxiety
Gingko leaf helps with diabetic vasoconstrition.
Chufa: Cyperus esculentus L. and Tetracarpidium conophorum Mull. Arg. Supplemented Diet Improved Testosterone Levels, Modulated Ectonucleotidases and Adenosine Deaminase Activities in Platelets from L-NAME-Stressed Rats. In hypertensive individuals, platelet morphology and function have been discovered to be altered, and this has been linked to the development of vascular disease, including erectile dysfunction (ED). The impact of nutritional supplementation with Cyperus esculentus may show a protective effect on platelets aggregation and possibly enhance the sex hormones, thereby reverting vasoconstriction.
Methoxamine: An alpha-adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral vasoconstriction.
Endothelium Independent Effect of Pelargonidin on Vasoconstriction in Rat Aorta.
Pycnogenol: antagonizes the vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine and norepinephrine by increasing the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
Dihydroergotamine It has similar actions to the triptans, acting as an agonist to the serotonin receptors and causing vasoconstriction of the intracranial blood vessels, but also interacts centrally with dopamine and adrenergic receptors.
Witch Hazel Ointment: reduced the thermal conductivity of the skin due to vasoconstriction, suggesting a mild antiinflammatory activity.
Tannins: Applied topically to mucous membranes or abraded skin, tannins have a local anti-inflammatory effect, produce capillary vasoconstriction and decrease vascular permeability.
Purple Mangosteen : Phenolics from Garcinia mangostana alleviate exaggerated vasoconstriction in metabolic syndrome.
Chinese Ephedra produces vasoconstriction.