Synovial Fluid
Wikipedia
Synovial fluid, also called synovia,is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its egg white–like consistency, the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. Synovial fluid is a small component of the transcellular fluid component of extracellular fluid.
Cartilage is avascular, it receives its nourishment via the synovial fluid. Synovial fluid is a super-filtrate of blood. If the blood isn’t healthy, the joint won’t be healthy. One reason diabetics have joint issues.
It can convert vitamin D; 25-D into 1,25-D
Hyaluronic acid is a major component of the synovial fluid, and was found to increase the viscosity of the fluid. Along with lubricin, it is one of the fluid's main lubricating components.
The maresins have been detected primarily as products made by monocyte-macrophage cells types. MaR1 has been identified in the synovial fluid taken from the joins of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Extra cellular superoxide dismutase ( EC-SOD ) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in the interstitial spaces of tissues and in extracellular fluids (plasma, lymph, and synovial fluid). It eliminates superoxide radicals from the cell environment and prevents the formation of reactive oxygen species and their derivatives.
A Normative Study of the Synovial Fluid Proteome from Healthy Porcine Knee Joints Synovial fluid in an articulating joint contains proteins derived from the blood plasma and proteins that are produced by cells within the joint tissues, such as synovium, cartilage, ligament, and meniscus. The proteome composition of healthy synovial fluid and the cellular origins of many synovial fluid components are not fully understood. Here, we present a normative proteomics study using porcine synovial fluid. Using our optimized method, we identified 267 proteins with high confidence in healthy synovial fluid. We also evaluated mRNA expression data from tissues that can contribute to the synovial fluid proteome, including synovium, cartilage, blood, and liver, to better estimate the relative contributions from these sources to specific synovial fluid components. We identified 113 proteins in healthy synovial fluid that appear to be primarily derived from plasma transudates, 37 proteins primarily derived from synovium, and 11 proteins primarily derived from cartilage. Finally, we compared the identified synovial fluid proteome to the proteome of human plasma, and we found that the two body fluids share many similarities, underlining the detected plasma derived nature of many synovial fluid components.