CLA Studies

• Conjugated linoleic acid: a functional food
• Safflower oil consumption does not increase plasma conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in humans. 
• An increase in vitamin A status by the feeding of conjugated linoleic acid. 
• Incorporation profiles of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in cell membranes and their positional distribution in phospholipids. 

Anti-Inflammatory

Additive anti-inflammation by a combination of conjugated linoleic acid and α-lipoic acid.

Antioxidant

• Antioxidant activity of conjugated linoleic acid isomers, linoleic acid and its methyl ester determined by photoemission and DPPH techniques. 

### Asthma

* Conjugated linoleic acid improves airway hyper-reactivity in overweight mild asthmatics.

### Cancer

* Conjugated dienoic linoleate: a polyunsaturated fatty acid with unique chemoprotective properties. 

Breast Cancer

* Conjugated linoleic acid and the control of cancer and obesity. 

* Prevention of mammary cancer with conjugated linoleic acid: role of the stroma and the epithelium. 

* Effect of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on growth factor-induced proliferation of human breast cancer cells. 

* An enriched mixture of *trans*-10,*cis-12-CLA* inhibits linoleic acid metabolism and PGE2 synthesis in MDA-MB-231 cells. 

* A proof of principle clinical trial to determine whether conjugated linoleic acid modulates the lipogenic pathway in human breast cancer tissue.

* Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity by the *cis-9*,*trans*-11 isomer and the *trans*-10,*cis-12* isomer of conjugated linoleic acid in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. 

Colon Cancer / Colorectal Cancer

* *trans*-10, *cis-12* conjugated linoleic acid reduces insulin-like growth factor-II secretion in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. 

* Influence of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on the metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 

* Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses colon carcinogenesis in azoxymethane-pretreated rats with long-term feeding of diet containing beef tallow. 

• Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinase enzymes in rectal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. 

* Conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates inflammation-induced colorectal cancer in mice through activation of PPARgamma.

Gastric Cancer

* Inhibitory effects of c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid on invasion of human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901.

* Effect of *cis-9*, *trans*-11-conjugated linoleic acid on cell cycle of gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (SGC-7901). 

### Cardiovascular

* Conjugated linoleic acid and cardiac health: oxidative stress and energetic metabolism in standard and sucrose-rich diets. 

* Effect of supplementation with an 80:20 *cis9*,*trans11* conjugated linoleic acid blend on the human platelet proteome. 

* The effect of conjugated linoleic acid, a natural trans fat from milk and meat, on human blood pressure: results from a randomized crossover feeding study. 

### Inflammatory Bowel Disease

* Dietary conjugated linoleic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease. 

Metabolic Effects

• Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans—metabolic effects.
• Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation and exercise on post-heparin lipoprotein lipase, butyrylcholinesterase, blood lipid profile and glucose metabolism in young men. 

Obesity/Overweight

• Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), body fat, and apoptosis. 
• Conjugated linoleic acid and the control of cancer and obesity. 
• Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans. 
• Supplementation with CLA: isomer incorporation into serum lipids and effect on body fat of women. 
• Treatment with dietary *trans10cis12* conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. 
• Effect of supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on human serum lipids and body fat.
• Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on weight loss and body fat composition in a Chinese population. 
• Effects of milk supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on weight control and body composition in healthy overweight people. 
• Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 8 weeks does not affect body composition, lipid profile, or safety biomarkers in overweight, hyperlipidemic men. 
• Conjugated linoleic acid induces lipid peroxidation in men with abdominal obesity.
• Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Associated With Aerobic Exercise on Body Fat and Lipid Profile in Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Trial. 
• Effects of *cis-9*,*trans*-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men. 
• Eight weeks of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation has no effect on antioxidant status in healthy overweight/obese Korean individuals. 
• Microencapsulated conjugated linoleic acid associated with hypocaloric diet reduces body fat in sedentary women with metabolic syndrome.

Physical Fittness

• Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation has no Impact on Aerobic Capacity of Healthy Young Men. 
• Effects of 6 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with conjugated linoleic acid on the physical working capacity at fatigue threshold. 
• CLA supplementation and aerobic exercise lower blood triacylglycerol, but have no effect on peak oxygen uptake or cardiorespiratory fatigue thresholds. 
• Oral conjugated linoleic acid supplementation enhanced glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle. 

Other Effects

• A mixture of oleic, erucic and conjugated linoleic acids modulates cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers and improve somatosensorial evoked potential in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy female carriers.