Fructose
Is Fructose As Addictive and Harmful As Alcohol?
Videos
The Deadliest Sugar in the World
Fructose Metabolism Basics
Fructose & Uric Acid: The Real Culprit Behind High Levels – Surprising Insights!
Disorders of Fructose Metabolism
Metabolic differences between Glucose and Fructose
Fructose and Fat
Fructose's Hidden Impact on Uric Acid & Heart Health
Fructose: Bad for The Brain?
Fructose & Survival
If Fructose is Bad, What about Fruit?
Overview
The second most common monosaccharide in Nature, also known as fruit sugar, or levulose; does not trigger insulin release, but is metabolized into fat in the body and disrupts the function of satiety hormones. It occurs in fruit and honey (about 38%). Agave nectar is mostly fructose (50-90%) and high fructose corn syrup (HFC), depending on the type is either 42%, 55% or 90% free fructose. Excess is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Fructose is a constitutional isomer of glucose (it has the same number of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms), but most often occurs as a furanose rather than as a pyranose.
Articles/Studies
A common sugar may help cancer cells break free and spread. Wistar advances cancer metastasis research.Chemotherapy-surviving ovarian cancer cells may release fructose to help neighboring tumor cells loosen, escape, and spread. The discovery suggests that sugary diets and cholesterol-lowering drugs could influence cancer progression, though the effects have not yet been confirmed in patients.
Researchers discover why fructose doesn't satisfy hunger like glucose - A new study found that fructose and glucose may look the same on a nutrition label, but the brain treats them very differently. In mice, glucose strongly reduced activity in hunger-promoting brain cells, while fructose had a much weaker effect. High-fructose corn syrup triggered a stronger response and was preferred by the animals. The findings suggest that the type of sugar—not just the calories—
Risk Factors
- Fructose: metabolic, hedonic, and societal parallels with ethanol.
- Doc: Gut Problems in Americans Caused by Daily Fructose Overdosing
Cardiovascular Risks
Cancer
Gout
Obesity
- High fructose feeding induces copper deficiency in rats which may contribute to metabolic syndrome, including hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.
- The fructose survival hypothesis as a mechanism for unifying the various obesity hypotheses.
- Administration of a fructose rich diet to normal male rats for 3 weeks induces several visceral adipose tissue alterations.
- Long-term fructose intake increases adipogenic potential.
- High fructose and sucrose intakes may play a role in pancreatic cancer etiology. Conditions such as overweight or obesity in which a degree of insulin resistance may be present may also be important.
- Fructose contributes to the development of obesity and fatty liver
- The present study suggests that fructose per se, in the absence of excess energy intake, increases fat deposition and BW potentially by reducing physical activity.
- Fructose-rich diet-induced abdominal adipose tissue endocrine dysfunction in normal male rats.
- Fructose restriction decreased liver fat, visceral fat, and de novo lipogenesis, and improved insulin kinetics in children with obesity.
Liver Dysfunction
- A high-fructose diet induces liver fibrosis in mice.
- Excessive fructose consumption may cause a leaky gut, leading to fatty liver disease
- Saturated fat (trans fatty acids) and fructose play a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
- Dietary fructose may promote the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which in and of itself,can result in hepatic insulin resistance, a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Soft drinks consumption (fructose) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
- High-fructose diets could induce aberrant expression of hepatic microRNA.
Mitochondrial Damage
Pregnancy
Preventing/Treating Damage
- 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid ameliorates fructose-induced nephropathy.
- This article provides an overview of this approach, focusing on MetS and hyperuricemia among high-fructose dieters.
- Safflower seed extract and its oil can improve fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.
- Nobiletin and EGCG are good candidates for preventing diseases caused by excessive fructose intake.
- Quercetin and ascorbic acid suppress fructose-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
- L. fermentum CECT5716 and fructooligosaccharides had beneficial effects in a model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high fructose diet.
- Protective Effects of Ellagitannin-Rich Strawberry Extracts on Biochemical and Metabolic Disturbances in Rats Fed a Diet High in Fructose
- Administration of probiotics prevents the deleterious effects of fructose rich diet.
- Chrysin was able to protect against some of the metabolic syndrome features induced by fructose-feeding.
- Astaxanthin prevents fructose-induced adverse changes in insulin signaling and inflammation in obese rats.
- Melatonin might act as a prooxidant and reduce the changes produced by fructose consumption.
- Nutritional doses of grape polyphenols protects against fructose induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance.
- Mulberroside A was capable of preventing high fructose diet-induced damage of intestinal epithelial barrier and blood-brain barrier. A potential for preventing hippocampal neuroinflammatory injury
- Exercise training prevents high fructose-induced hypertension and renal damages.
Biological Activities
Sweetener Dosage: 1.73 x sucrose; Reference: MAR
Plant species with highest amount
Rubus idaeus L. -- Raspberry, Red Raspberry; 35,000 ppm in Fruit;
Sambucus nigra L. -- Black Elder, Elder, European Alder, European Elder, European Elderberry; 21,000 - 29,000 ppm in Fruit;
Actinidia chinensis PLANCHON -- Kiwi; in Fruit;
Eriobotrya japonica (THUNB.) LINDL. -- Loquat; in Fruit;
Helianthus tuberosus L. -- Jerusalem Artichoke; in Tuber;
Panax quinquefolius L. -- American Ginseng, Ginseng; in Plant;
Taraxacum officinale WEBER EX F. H. WIGG. -- Dandelion; in Plant;