7-hydroxymitragynine

13 times stronger than morphine in animal studies but it’s a very small percentage of the alkaloids found in kratom.

7-Hydroxymitragynine is a terpenoid indole alkaloid from the plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as Kratom. In mice, it is orally active and has analgesic effects.

7-Hydroxymitragynine is an agonist at the μ-opioid receptor with a potency, calculated using pD values, that is 30-fold higher than that of mitragynine and 17-fold higher than that of morphine, respectively. As a partial agonist at this receptor it causes significantly milder side effects than morphine,[6] like constipation, development of tolerance and withdrawal syndrome upon abstinence. In murine models, the extracted alkaloids of the Kratom plant are shown to cause an insignificant amount of drug induced respiratory depression, unlike full μ-opioid agonists. The O-acetyl ester (Acetoxy), 7-acetoxymitragynine has also been reported and found to be an active μ-opioid agonist.

Rate and extent of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine** blood-brain barrier transport and their intra-brain distribution: the missing link in pharmacodynamic studies.

In silico investigation of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine** metabolism.

7-Hydroxymitragynine Is an Active Metabolite of Mitragynine and a Key Mediator of Its Analgesic Effects.

Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine.

Abuse liability and therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine.

Unveiling 7-Hydroxymitragynine as the Key Active Metabolite of Mitragynine and the Promise for Creating Novel Pain Relievers.

Evaluation of in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine**, and mitraphylline.

Evaluation of the rewarding effects of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine in an intracranial self-stimulation procedure in male and female rats.