Ukrainian apostrophe

Web Guide

In Ukrainian, the apostrophe primarily separates a hard consonant from a following iotated vowel (я, ю, є, ї), indicating that the consonant remains hard and the vowel produces two distinct sounds. It is used after labial consonants (б, п, в, м, ф), after 'р' at the end of a syllable, after prefixes ending in a consonant, and in compound words, but never after the letter 'л'.

Comprehensive Rules and Examples of Apostrophe Usage

The apostrophe in Ukrainian ensures hard consonant pronunciation before iotated vowels (я, ю, є, ї), particularly after labial consonants, 'р', and consonant-ending prefixes.