Glibenclamide

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4433440 Investigational agents for treatment of traumatic brain injury

Glibenclamide (glyburide) is known best for its use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, by blocking pancreatic potassium ATP channels to promote the release of insulin [77]. During the last decade, glibenclamide has received renewed attention due to its pleiotropic protective effects in acute CNS injury including TBI [78]. Glibenclamide reduces edema formation and secondary hemorrhage, inhibits necrotic cell death, exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects and promotes neurogenesis [79]. Treatment with low-dose glibenclamide reduces post-traumatic brain edema and contusion volume following an open head injury in rats [80]. Glibenclamide has long-term protective effects on the hippocampus in rats after mild-to-moderate TBI [78]. Preliminary data from a recent Phase IIa clinical stroke trial (NCT01268683) suggest that glibenclamide significantly reduces cerebral edema and lowers the rate of hemorrhagic conversion following ischemic stroke [81], suggesting the potential use of glibenclamide to improve outcomes in humans after brain injury [82]. A Phase II clinical trial is underway to assess whether patients with severe, moderate, or complicated mild TBI administered glibenclamide will show a decrease in edema and/or hemorrhage, compared to patients administered placebo(NCT01454154