Johan Kemper

Johan Christian Jacob Kemper (1670–1716), formerly Moshe ben Aharon of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków" >Kraków</a>, was a Polish <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbatean" title="Sabbatean" class="mw-redirect" >Sabbatean</a> Jew who converted from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism" >Judaism</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran" title="Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" >Lutheran</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity" >Christianity</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kemper#cite_note-Wolfson-1" >[1]</a> His conversion was motivated by his studies in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah" >Kabbalah</a> and his disappointment following the failure of a prophecy spread by the Polish Sabbatean prophet Tzadok of Gordno, which predicted that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbatai_Zevi" title="Sabbatai Zevi" >Sabbatai Zevi</a> would return in the year 1695/6,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kemper#cite_note-Dole-2" >[2]</a> It is unclear whether he continued to observe Jewish practices after his conversion.

In March 1701 he was employed as a teacher of Rabbinic Hebrew at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University" >Uppsala University</a> in Sweden,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kemper#cite_note-3" >[3]</a> until his death in 1716. Some scholars believe that he was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg" >Emanuel Swedenborg</a>'s Hebrew tutor.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kemper#cite_note-Dole-2" >[2]</a>

During his time at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala" >Uppsala</a>, he wrote his three-volume work on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar" >Zohar</a> entitled Matteh Moshe (The Staff of Moses), (1711).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kemper#cite_note-4" >[4]</a> In it, he attempted to show that the Zohar contained the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian" title="Christian" >Christian</a> doctrine of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity" >Trinity</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kemper#cite_note-Wolfson-1" >[1]</a>

This belief also drove him to make a literal Hebrew translation of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew" >Gospel of Matthew</a> from Syriac (1703). He also wrote Me'irat 'Enayim (The Enlightenment of the Eyes), (1704) a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Kabbalah" title="Christian Kabbalah" >Christian Cabala</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kemper#cite_note-5" >[5]</a> commentary on Matthew, which emphasized the unity of the Old and New Testaments and used elements from the Sabbatean and non-Sabbatean Kabbalistic traditions to derive Christian beliefs and meanings from traditional Jewish beliefs and practices.

In his commentary on polemical treatment of Christianity in rabbinical literature he was one of the first Lutherans to comment on the connection between the form of the name "Joshua" used for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud" >Jesus in the Talmud</a>,Yeshu instead of the normal Yeshua used for other figures, and connected the dropping of the final <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin" >ayin</a> with the ancient curse <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yimakh_shemo" title="Yimakh shemo" >yimakh shemo</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kemper#cite_note-6" >[6]</a>

After his death, Kemper's student Andreas Norrelius (1679–1749) translated the commentary into Latin as Illuminatio oculorum (The Light of the Eyes),(1749).

Johan Kemper

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