Eudaimonia
<p ><b>Eudaimonia</b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek" >Greek</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B5%E1%BD%90%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:εὐδαιμονία" >εὐδαιμονία</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Greek" title="Help:IPA for Greek" >[eu̯dai̯monía]</a>), sometimes <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicized" title="Anglicized" class="mw-redirect" >anglicized</a> as <b>eudaemonia</b> or <b>eudemonia</b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English" >/</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >juː</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >d</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ɨ</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ˈ</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >m</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >oʊ</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >n</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >i</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ə</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English" >/</a>, is a Greek word commonly translated as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness" title="Happiness" >happiness</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare" title="Welfare" >welfare</a>; however, "human flourishing" has been proposed as a more accurate translation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" ><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaimonia#cite_note-1" >[1]</a></sup> Etymologically, it consists of the words "<i>eu</i>" ("good") and "<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(mythology)" title="Daemon (mythology)" class="mw-redirect" >daimōn</a></i>" ("spirit"). It is a central concept in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics" title="Aristotelian ethics" >Aristotelian ethics</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy" >political philosophy</a>, along with the terms "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aret%C4%93" title="Aretē" class="mw-redirect" >aretē</a>", most often translated as "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue" >virtue</a>" or "excellence", and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis" >phronesis</a>", often translated as "practical or ethical wisdom".<sup id="cite_ref-twsJun5e_2-0" class="reference" ><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaimonia#cite_note-twsJun5e-2" >[2]</a></sup> In Aristotle's works, eudaimonia was (based on older Greek tradition) used as the term for the highest human good, and so it is the aim of practical philosophy, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics" >ethics</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy" >political philosophy</a>, to consider (and also experience) what it really is, and how it can be achieved.
Discussion of the links between virtue of character <i>(ethikē aretē)</i> and happiness (eudaimonia) is one of the central concerns of ancient ethics, and a subject of much disagreement. As a result there are many varieties of eudaimonism. Two of the most influential forms are those of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle" >Aristotle</a><sup id="cite_ref-twsJun5a_3-0" class="reference" ><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaimonia#cite_note-twsJun5a-3" >[3]</a></sup> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism" >Stoics</a>. Aristotle takes virtue and its exercise to be the most important constituent in eudaimonia but acknowledges also the importance of external goods such as health, wealth, and beauty. By contrast, the Stoics make virtue necessary and sufficient for eudaimonia and thus deny the necessity of external goods.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobs2012_4-0" class="reference" ><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaimonia#cite_note-Jacobs2012-4" >[4]</a></sup></p>