Osama bin Laden
<p ><b>Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden</b>(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English" >/</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >oʊ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ˈ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >s</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ɑː</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >m</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ə</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" > </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >b</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ɪ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >n</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" > </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >m</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >oʊ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ˈ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >h</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ɑː</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >m</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ɨ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >d</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" > </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >b</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ɪ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >n</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" > </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ə</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ˈ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >w</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ɑː</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >d</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" > </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >b</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ɪ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >n</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" > </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ˈ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >l</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ɑː</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >d</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ən</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English" >/</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language" >Arabic</a>: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن,<i>Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin</i>; 10 March 1957 – 2 May 2011) was the founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda" >al-Qaeda</a>, the militant organization that claimed responsibility for the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks" >September 11 attacks</a> on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" >United States</a>, along with numerous other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_al-Qaeda_attacks" title="Timeline of al-Qaeda attacks" >mass-casualty attacks</a> against civilian and military targets.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-2" >[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeathNYT_3-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-DeathNYT-3" >[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbcdead_4-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-bbcdead-4" >[4]</a></sup> He was a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia" >Saudi Arabian</a>, a member of the wealthy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin_Laden_family" title="Bin Laden family" >bin Laden family</a>, and an ethnic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen" >Yemeni</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindah" title="Kindah" >Kindite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-5" >[5]</a></sup>
Bin Laden was born to the family of billionaire <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Awad_bin_Laden" title="Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden" >Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden</a> in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia" >Saudi Arabia</a>. He studied at university in the country until 1979, when he joined<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen" >mujahideen</a> forces in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan" >Pakistan</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan" title="Soviet war in Afghanistan" >fighting against the Soviet Union</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan" >Afghanistan</a>. He helped to fund the mujahideen by funneling arms, money and fighters from the Arab world into Afghanistan, and gained popularity from many Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-fisk1_6-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-fisk1-6" >[6]</a></sup> In 1988, he formed al-Qaeda.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Fadl_7-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-al-Fadl-7" >[7]</a></sup> He was banished from Saudi Arabia in 1992, and shifted his base to<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan" >Sudan</a>, until U.S. pressure forced him to leave Sudan in 1996. After establishing a new base in Afghanistan, he declared a war against the United States, initiating a series of bombings and related attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-fisk2_8-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-fisk2-8" >[8]</a></sup> Bin Laden was on the American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation" >Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>'s (FBI) lists of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_Ten_Most_Wanted_Fugitives" title="FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" >Ten Most Wanted Fugitives</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_Most_Wanted_Terrorists" title="FBI Most Wanted Terrorists" >Most Wanted Terrorists</a> for his involvement in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings" >1998 U.S. embassy bombings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-9" >[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-10" >[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnnterrorlist_11-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-cnnterrorlist-11" >[11]</a></sup>
From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Terror" title="War on Terror" >War on Terror</a>, as the FBI placed a $25 million bounty on him in their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Location of Osama bin Laden" class="mw-redirect" >search for him</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-12" >[12]</a></sup> On May 2, 2011, bin Laden <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Death of Osama bin Laden" >was shot and killed</a> inside a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden%27s_compound_in_Abbottabad" title="Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad" >private residential compound</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbottabad" title="Abbottabad" >Abbottabad</a>, Pakistan, by members of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Naval_Special_Warfare_Development_Group" title="United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group" class="mw-redirect" >United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency" >Central Intelligence Agency</a> SAD/SOG operators in a covert operation ordered by U.S. President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama" >Barack Obama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-13" >[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-14" >[14]</a></sup> The United States had direct evidence that the ISI chief, Lt. Gen. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shuja_Pasha" title="Ahmad Shuja Pasha" >Ahmad Shuja Pasha</a>, knew of Bin Laden’s presence in Abbottabad, Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden#cite_note-15" >[15]</a></sup></p>