Carl Jung
<p ><b>Carl Gustav Jung</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English" >/</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >j</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ʊ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English" >ŋ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English" >/</a>; <small>German:</small> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_German" title="Help:IPA for German" >[ˈkarl ˈɡʊstaf jʊŋ]</a>; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961), often referred to as <b>C. G. Jung</b>, was a Swiss <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry" >psychiatrist</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy" >psychotherapist</a> who founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_psychology" title="Analytical psychology" >analytical psychology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#cite_note-2" >[2]</a></sup>
Jung proposed and developed the concepts of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_unconscious" title="Collective unconscious" >collective unconscious</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungian_archetypes" title="Jungian archetypes" >archetypes</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraversion_and_introversion" title="Extraversion and introversion" >extraversion and introversion</a>. His work has been influential not only in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry" >psychiatry</a> but also in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy" >philosophy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology" >anthropology</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeology" title="Archeology" class="mw-redirect" >archeology</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature" title="Literature" >literature</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies" >religious studies</a>. He was a prolific writer, though many of his works were not published until after his death.
The central concept of analytical psychology is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individuation#Carl_Jung" title="Individuation" >individuation</a>—the psychological process of integrating the opposites, including the conscious with the unconscious, while still maintaining their relative autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#cite_note-3" >[3]</a></sup> Jung considered individuation to be the central process of human development.<sup id="cite_ref-Jung.27s_Individuation_process_4-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#cite_note-Jung.27s_Individuation_process-4" >[4]</a></sup>
Jung created some of the best known psychological concepts, including the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungian_archetypes" title="Jungian archetypes" >archetype</a>, the collective unconscious, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_(psychology)" title="Complex (psychology)" >complex</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronicity" title="Synchronicity" >synchronicity</a>. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myers-Briggs_Type_Indicator" title="Myers-Briggs Type Indicator" >Myers-Briggs Type Indicator</a> (MBTI), a popular <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychology" title="Personality psychology" >psychometric instrument</a>, was developed from Jung's theory of psychological types.
Jung saw the human psyche as "by nature religious"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#cite_note-5" >[5]</a></sup> and made this religiousness the focus of his explorations.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#cite_note-6" >[6]</a></sup> Jung is one of the best known contemporary contributors to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_interpretation" title="Dream interpretation" >dream analysis</a> and symbolization.
Though he was a practising clinician and considered himself to be a scientist,<sup id="cite_ref-Lachmanpage258_7-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#cite_note-Lachmanpage258-7" >[7]</a></sup> much of his life's work was spent exploring tangential areas such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy" >Eastern</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy" >Western philosophy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy" >alchemy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology" >astrology</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology" >sociology</a>, as well as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature" title="Literature" >literature</a> and the arts. Jung's interest in philosophy and the occult led many to view him as a mystic, although his ambition was to be seen as a man of science.<sup id="cite_ref-Lachmanpage258_7-1" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#cite_note-Lachmanpage258-7" >[7]</a></sup> His influence on popular psychology, the "psychologization of religion",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff1993224_8-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff1993224-8" >[8]</a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality" >spirituality</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age" >New Age</a> movement has been immense.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff1993496-513_9-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff1993496-513-9" >[9]</a></sup>
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