1 Lost Generation

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Generation" title="Lost Generation">Lost Generation</a>, also known as the Generation of 1914 in Europe,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation#cite_note-Wohl-23">[23]</a> is a term originating with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a> to describe those who fought in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The members of the lost generation were typically born between 1883 and 1900.

The "Lost Generation" was the generation that came of age during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The term was popularized by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>, who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a>. In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a>, who was then his mentor and patron. This generation included artists and writers who came of age during the war such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Generation#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood_Anderson" title="Sherwood Anderson">Sherwood Anderson</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">John Dos Passos</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Djuna Barnes</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenway_Wescott" title="Glenway Wescott">Glenway Wescott</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldo_Peirce" title="Waldo Peirce">Waldo Peirce</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Isadora Duncan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Walkowitz" title="Abraham Walkowitz">Abraham Walkowitz</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Seeger" title="Alan Seeger">Alan Seeger</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Miller" title="Henry Miller">Henry Miller</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Cowley" title="Malcolm Cowley">Malcolm Cowley</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Ferdinand_C%C3%A9line" title="Louis-Ferdinand Céline">Louis-Ferdinand Céline</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque">Erich Maria Remarque</a> and the composers <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Prokofiev" title="Sergei Prokofiev">Sergei Prokofiev</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Paul Hindemith</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a>.

The term is used for the period from the end of World War I to the beginning of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, though in the United States it is used for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation" title="Generation">generation</a> of young people who came of age during and shortly after World War I, alternatively known as the World War I generation. Authors <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Strauss" title="William Strauss">William Strauss</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Howe" title="Neil Howe">Neil Howe</a>, well known for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strauss%E2%80%93Howe_generational_theory" title="Strauss–Howe generational theory">their generational theory</a>, define the Lost Generation as the cohorts born from 1883 to 1900, who <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coming_of_age" title="Coming of age">came of age</a> during World War I and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Generation#cite_note-howe-10">[10]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, they are mostly known as the "Generation of 1914," for the year World War I began.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Generation#cite_note-wohl-11">[11]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the country in which many <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expatriates" class="mw-redirect" title="Expatriates">expatriates</a> settled, they were sometimes called the Génération au Feu, the "Generation in Flames".

If one goes by Strauss and Howe's birth years, the last U.S. member of the Lost Generation to live was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susannah_Mushatt_Jones" title="Susannah Mushatt Jones">Susannah Mushatt Jones</a>, who was born July 6, 1899 and died on May 12, 2016. This makes the generation fully ancestral in the United States. An Italian woman, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Morano" title="Emma Morano">Emma Morano</a>, born on November 29, 1899, is currently believed to be the last living member of this generation.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Generation#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

In Britain the term was originally used for those who died in the war,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Generation#cite_note-aftermath-13">[13]</a> and often implicitly referred to upper-class casualties who were perceived to have died disproportionately, robbing the country of a future elite.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Generation#cite_note-winter-14">[14]</a> Many felt "that 'the flower of youth' and the 'best of the nation' had been destroyed," for example such notable casualties as the poets <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Rosenberg" title="Isaac Rosenberg">Isaac Rosenberg</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Brooke" title="Rupert Brooke">Rupert Brooke</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Thomas_%28poet%29" title="Edward Thomas (poet)">Edward Thomas</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Wilfred Owen</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Generation#cite_note-bbc-15">[15]</a> composer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Butterworth" title="George Butterworth">George Butterworth</a> and physicist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseley</a>.