triangulation clinton

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">aha ish? joe biden beat up in 2nd debate for tough on crime bills (// hillary hit super-predators?)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 242, 0);"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">is this a tag?</font></b></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 242, 0);"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see also node
</font></b></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 242, 0);"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 242, 0);"><b>Control the GOP Congress.</b> The tobacco industry played a crucial role in the </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 242, 0);">"Republican revolution."</span> As Peter H. Stone reports, campaign contributions and a revolving door of operatives— working jointly for tobacco and for key Congress members—have locked the industry and the top Republican leadership in a tight embrace (see <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/1996/05/nicotine-network" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">The Nicotine Network</a> <span class="print-footnote">[3]</span>). For instance, Stone relates how Majority <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 242, 0);">Whip Tom DeLay has put a tobacco operative in charge of his main political organization, ARMPAC.</span>  mojo 1996</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-ade81ba2-ed33-b500-e33f-e2bda20562de" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.38;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">the RGA's backing, the GOP netted seven governor's seats in the 1986 election.</font></span></p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: small; line-height: 1.38;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">In </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">1994</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">, </span><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">while Newt Gingrich and Co. took control [9] of Congress and rang in the Republican Revolution, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">the RGA was instrumental in the election of 11 GOP governors and successfully defended every Republican incumbent</span></b></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">When the dust settled, Republicans controlled 30 governorships, their first majority since 1970. The last time Republicans had performed so well in gubernatorial races was 1867.</span></font></p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.38;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Beyond its electoral victories, the RGA established itself as a launching pad for Republicans with presidential aspirations. The group helped to foster alliances between GOP governors and gave them access to deep-pocketed donors and top fundraisers,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> helping to catapult politicians like Ronald Reagan (an RGA chairman), George W. Bush, Rick Perry (twice chairman), Mitt Romney (2006 chairman), and New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie [10] (current vice chair) onto the national stage.</span></font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.38;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.38;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> RGA's rise has been fueled by a close alliance with corporate America—especially tobacco companies and Big Pharma.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In the mid-'90s, the organization awarded seats on its board to executives from Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds, which each donated $40,000 a year. In November 1995, tobacco lobbyists swarmed the RGA's annual meeting in Nashua, New Hampshire, pressing governors to write letters opposing pending tobacco regulations from the Food and Drug Administration. In exchange for their support, the tobacco companies pledged financial backing when election time rolled around. They came through: In February 1996, Philip Morris held a Washington, DC, gala for the RGA that raised $2.6 million.</span></font></p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The increasing influence of corporate donors turned off some Republican governors, including Arne Carlson, Minnesota's governor from 1991 to 1999. Carlson recalls attending a few RGA meetings, but he stopped going due to the group's increasingly partisan tenor and insistence that donors be given access to the governors. "</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It was no longer Republican governors getting together," Carlson says. "It was the moneyed interests getting together with governors. I found it detestable."....</span></font><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p></div><div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=<span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"></span></font></p><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">aha, why so many fewer dems than gop? tho<b> tony coelho got dems in game:</b></font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">grimm bk</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">we have ppl --> AOC</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">conversation with political analyst Ryan Grim on how big money took over the Democratic party and the struggle against it. The last thirty years has seen the building  of a movement, which first exploded into public view with the largely forgotten presidential run of the Rev. Jesse Jackson, a campaign that came dangerously close to winning.  This movement is th e one that propelled Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez into office.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Guest: <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Ryan Grim </span>is The Intercept’s D.C. Bureau Chief. He is a contributor to the Young Turks Network and author of the book <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">This Is Your Country on Drugs: The Secret History of Getting High in America.<i> </i></span>His latest book is <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">We’ve Got People: From Jesse Jackson to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the End of Big Money and the Rise of a Movement.</span></font></p></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><a href="https://kpfa.org/episode/letters-and-politics-june-17-2019/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://kpfa.org/episode/letters-and-politics-june-17-2019/</font></a></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1976 carter kinda central, fix rep by post-prez</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>1978 newt g shellacking,</b> longtime senators, lions like frank church, birch bayh</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">roger stone et al tactics, 1976 scotus camp fin reform [buckely valeo?], political consultant, pol ops, oppo, 30 sec ads TV, corp $ (TV and corp money // rose as factors together: we have opposite now, TV decline coupled with online small $ raising?))</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>dccc a backwater, tony c goes to corps and sez we have house 40 yrs </b>(still have dixiecrats) so you need to fund us; win big in 1982? said to be b/c of Reagan recession, but grimm sez dem $ ctr; then dems pick Mondale, defiicit hawk, but was painted as liberal, landslide loss; dens say oh liberal is loser, so leads to clinton triangulation?</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">pelosi endorsed by widow, beat DSA britt pro gay cand (so when she says i understand the SF left, she means i have beaten them); she thinks usa basically conservative in RR era, so she still fears backlash cf clinton impeachment.</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><a href="https://kpfa.org/episode/letters-and-politics-december-26-2019/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://kpfa.org/episode/letters-and-politics-december-26-2019/</font></a></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="line-height: 17px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div><div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2019/12/how-america-broke-up-with-the-democratic-party/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.alternet.org/2019/12/how-america-broke-up-with-the-democratic-party/</font></a></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>How America broke up with the Democratic Party</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Written by <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Thom Hartmann /</span> Independent Media Institute December 17, 2019</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Many grassroots Democrats separated from their party in the 1990s, and the 2020 election may be the last chance to save the marriage.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While the GOP has been trying to establish a semi-permanent ruling majority through bigotry, gerrymandering and voter suppression, Democrats had long-term majority control of American politics pretty much continuously for more than a half-century.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency and brought with him a Democratic Party sweep so complete that, with the exception of two brief two-year periods, Democrats controlled the House of Representatives from 1931 to 1995. FDR built the modern-day Democratic Party and launched it toward the 21st century.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Working-class Americans had fallen in love with Roosevelt and Democratic Party policies in the 1930s, and that love affair persisted across the better part of three generations. In the past few decades, though, they “fell out of love” with the Democratic Party and began regularly putting Republicans in charge of the country.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What happened?</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Back in the 1980s, sociologist Diane Vaughan did some remarkable research about how people fall in and out of love that she compiled in her book Uncoupling. Her surprising but commonsense findings, now used by psychotherapists and marriage counselors around the world, apply to politics as much as they do to intimate relationships.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At some point during most relationships, one partner will become dissatisfied with the behavior of the other. When this dissatisfaction is so fundamental that the unhappy partner might consider dissolving the relationship if it’s not changed, they will almost always say something or otherwise signal their dissatisfaction.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>This signal of dissatisfaction is referred to by therapists as “the cry,” as in “the announcement” (think town crier, not sobbing)</b>. If the “offending” partner ignores or doesn’t understand the gravity of this “cry out” about how the relationship is going, it’s referred to as “the cry unheard.” The most common occurrence is that the partner “hears” the cry, but doesn’t think it’s a big deal and so ignores it; in other cases, it’s missed altogether.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When the “cry” isn’t heard or is misunderstood as a routine small disagreement, the dissatisfied partner will begin noticing other things that are offending, and, over time, compile a list of reasons to leave the relationship that outnumbers the reasons to stay.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Meanwhile, the offending partner—not having heard, or having misunderstood the “cry”—is oblivious and thinks everything is just fine.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The first turning point in the relationship comes when the dissatisfied partner, having put out the cry unheard and not seeing changes in behavior, starts to share the grievance with others, complaining (often subtly) about their partner.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After a (typically relatively short) time, having gotten feedback from others that, “Yes, that behavior would bother me, too,” the dissatisfied partner, concluding the relationship can’t be salvaged, begins an emotional separation process, moving past bargaining and anger into grieving the loss, accepting that the relationship is not salvageable, and then, finally, announcing that they are pulling the plug on the relationship.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hearing for the first time this announcement that the relationship is dead, the clueless partner who didn’t hear the cry is blindsided, shocked, and devastated. While their partner has already gone through all the stages of unhappiness, deciding to leave, grieving the failure of the relationship, and accepting it as over, the clueless partner is forced to begin the process (similar to Kubler-Ross’ stages of dying) for themselves from a cold start.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Applying this model to the Democratic Party, the first really loud “cry unheard” from the Democratic electorate came in 1992.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Prior to 1992, the Democratic Party had been FDR’s and LBJ’s party of big government, big projects (from legalizing unions to creating Social Security and Medicare to putting a man on the moon), and the great defender of working people.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For example, many Democrats and their union allies strongly opposed Nixon’s 1974 Trade Act (ultimately signed by Gerald Ford) that gave fast-track authority to the president to encourage offshoring American jobs (we’ve lost more than 80,000 factories just since then) by cutting protective tariffs on imports.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I was living in Michigan running an advertising agency and reporting news part-time in the mid-1970s, and I remember well how dangerous it was to drive one of the cheap imported (mostly Japanese) cars that began flooding the country that decade as a result of the Nixon/Ford trade policies.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Working people were furious with the job losses, and when Jimmy Carter didn’t reverse Nixon’s trade policies, they turned to Reagan, who had promised, in the election of 1980, that he would protect workers’ jobs, even securing the endorsement of PATCO, the air controllers union he would famously betray in his first year in office. While union leaders were wary and opposed Reagan, many rank-and-file members believed the charismatic actor.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>But instead of standing up for working people, in 1981 Reagan declared war on the unions (then the largest funders of the Democratic Party nationwide), </b>and <b>began negotiations with Mexico and Canada to speed up the rate at which American companies were moving factories and, thus, union jobs out of the U.S.</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>This picked up steam with the NAFTA</b> agreement itself, which was finalized by the George H.W. Bush administration in 1992, although it was yet to be ratified by Congress.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1971, when Walmart was a regional retailer operating in only five states, its stores often had banners proclaiming what became the title of Sam Walton’s autobiography: “Made in America.” By the election year of 1992, four years after Sam had stepped down as CEO, it was getting hard to find anything in a Walmart that was still made in the USA.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And it wasn’t just Walmart—the 1970s trickle of foreign cars had become a flood by the end of the Reagan and Bush years in 1992, and union jobs all across America were vanishing, along with the factories that provided for them.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thus, the “cry unheard” of America’s working people—most of them Democrats back then (even if they’d had an “affair” with Reagan)—was, “Please stop these insane ‘free trade’ deals that Nixon started and Reagan/Bush put on steroids!”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But by this time the leadership of the Democratic Party wasn’t listening, or dismissed union concerns as something that would pass. As Reagan planned, union jobs evaporated throughout the 1980s and with them went the ability of big unions to support Democratic politicians with either cash or boots-on-the-ground.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">With the unions dying under Reagan’s assault, Bill Clinton, planning to run for president in the election of 1992, knew he had to find other sources of financial support (the Supreme Court had opened the floodgates to corporate money in 1976 and 1978, exploding the cost of a presidential campaign). This was before anybody knew how to raise individual contributions on the internet, so Clinton had to figure out how to finance his campaign without relying on the unions.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As Al From lays out in his book The New Democrats and the Return to Power, he and Bill Clinton worked “to rescue the party from the political wilderness, redefine its message, and, most importantly, win presidential elections.” And that would take a lot of cash</span>.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bank robber Willie Sutton famously said that banks were “where the money is,” and the money available for politics in 1992 had moved from the pockets of working people (wages had been flat for more than a decade) and their unions (unionization was in freefall) into the pockets of banks, insurance companies, drug companies, defense contractors, and other big corporations. And the Supreme Court had legalized taking their money in exchange for favors just before Reagan’s election in 1976 and 1978 (and tripled down on it in 2016).</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“In April 1989,” From’s book notes, he “traveled to Little Rock, Arkansas, to recruit the state’s young governor, Bill Clinton, to be chairman of the DLC.” The result of their partnership was the creation of the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC) and a new mantra for the Democratic Party: “[E]conomic centrism, national security, and entitlement reform…” that brought with it a flood of corporate and billionaire money.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The party of big government solutions had become the party of big corporate money.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>As a result, that first Clinton election year, 1992, was also the year when the “cry unheard” of American working people became a primal scream.</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nearly one in five voters that year cast a ballot for an eccentric billionaire from Texas, Ross Perot, whose mantra was that the NAFTA free trade agreement negotiated by Reagan/Bush but also supported by the newly baptized DLC chair Clinton would lead to “a giant sucking sound from the South” as factories and jobs moved to Mexico.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clinton suggested that blue-collar jobs weren’t the future of America, and his running mate, Al Gore, said that moving automotive and other factories to Mexico would actually be good for America because Mexican workers would no longer have an incentive to cross our southern border and “we [could] cut down on illegal immigration.”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Democratic Party now led by Clinton thus embraced a behavior that most working Americans knew would be a disaster for them, and that they had cried out loudly against with their Perot vote in 1992.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Over the next eight years, as Clinton ignored them, many began considering having another affair with the GOP. After all, if Clinton was going to embrace Reagan/Bush trade policies, why not just go right to the source—the GOP itself—for policy prescriptions.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">According to Bob Woodward, during a meeting in the Oval Office, Clinton said sarcastically, “Where are all the Democrats? I hope you’re all aware we’re all Eisenhower Republicans.”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">He added, “We’re Eisenhower Republicans here. Here we are, and we’re standing for lower deficits and free trade and the bond market. Isn’t that great?”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Further turning his back on the FDR/LBJ Democratic Party principles, Clinton went on to heartily embrace Republican policies of cutting the social safety net. “The era of big government is over,” he proclaimed.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Putting the knife hilt-deep into the spine of LBJ’s Great Society, Clinton said, “Today we are ending welfare as we know it” as he signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. That law undid much of LBJ’s Great Society legislation, which had succeeded in cutting poverty rates in America from 22.2 percent in 1963 down to 12.6 percent in 1970.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For the first time since LBJ’s Great Society in the 1960s, families in poverty were not guaranteed a lifeline. They had to prove they were working in order to qualify for assistance, which sounded like a good idea in theory, especially during boom times like the ’90s, when there were lots of jobs available. But during recessions, when three or four people are looking for every one available job, a work requirement for welfare does a lot of harm to already struggling families.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The stats have borne this out. In the years after welfare reform, as a series of presidents and governors have followed in Clinton’s footsteps, ever more people have been kicked off benefits, while poverty has increased. Before Clinton’s “welfare reform,” roughly 70 percent of impoverished families had access to a lifeline. But after reform, by 2016, only 23 percent did, and in some states that number was below 10 percent.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Meanwhile, the Reagan Revolution’s trade policy was wiping out the industrial base of America, while its tax policies were simultaneously moving trillions of dollars in wealth from middle-class families into the pockets of the top 1 percent.</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The year Reagan was sworn in, we were the richest nation in the world, and other than a few wobbles during the Civil War and two World Wars, our national debt had been relatively steady in inflation-adjusted dollars since the administration of George Washington. We were the world’s largest creditor—more countries owed us money than any other nation on earth.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Today, after nearly 40 years of neoliberal Reaganomics, we are the world’s largest debtor nation, and our national debt nearly outweighs our annual GDP.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The year Reagan was sworn into office, the United States was the largest importer of raw materials in the world, and the world’s largest exporter of finished, manufactured goods. We brought in ores for manufacturing, and shipped out everything from TVs and computers to cars and clothing.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Today, things are totally reversed: We are now the world’s mining pit, the largest exporter of raw materials, and the world’s largest importer of finished, manufactured goods. We’ve gone from trade surpluses to trade deficits, a reflection of the fact that our factory floors had moved to Asia and Mexico.</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1960, about one in four Americans worked in manufacturing, producing things of lasting wealth for our nation. Today, after jumping headfirst into one free-trade agreement after another, fewer than one in ten Americans work in manufacturing.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Between 2000 and 2017, 5.5 million manufacturing jobs have been lost. They didn’t disappear; they just moved to low-wage factories in foreign nations.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ironically, Republican President Eisenhower (1952-1960) knew that Americans loved FDR’s New Deal, and continued FDR’s trade policies. He had, after all, grown up with them (he was born in 1890), and fought World War II as the Supreme Allied Commander of Europe under FDR and led the invasion at Normandy.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He told his brother Edgar in a 1954 letter, “Should any political party attempt to abolish social security, unemployment insurance, and eliminate labor laws and farm programs, you would not hear of that party again in our political history.”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Eisenhower added, “There is a tiny splinter group, of course, that believes you can do these things. Among them are… Texas oil millionaires, and an occasional politician or businessman from other areas. Their number is negligible and they are stupid.”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But Clinton and the “moderate” DLC Democrats embraced becoming Eisenhower Republicans, even as Eisenhower would have repudiated their policies.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“CLINTON SWIPES THE GOP’S LYRICS” read the headline of a 1996 Washington Post column by E.J. Dionne, which opened with this prescient paragraph:</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“‘The good news is that we may elect a Republican president this year,’ said Republican consultant Alex Castellanos. ‘The bad news is that it may be Bill Clinton.’”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The result was the beginning of the Great Uncoupling the Democratic Party experienced in the 1990s, with formerly Democratic-voting working-class and poor people going over to the GOP, a trend we saw continued with Trump’s election.</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As Harry Truman once said, “The people don’t want a phony Democrat. If it’s a choice between a genuine Republican, and a Republican in Democratic clothing, the people will choose the genuine article, every time; that is, they will take a Republican before they will a phony Democrat…”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As jobs and economic issues became the exclusive provenance of what the media calls “far-left” politicians like Sherrod Brown and Bernie Sanders, and the leadership of the Democratic Party stayed with Reaganomics, working people generally failed to show up in large enough numbers to keep George W. Bush out of the White House.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But George W. Bush didn’t repudiate Reaganomics, so the working class continued to stagnate economically. Frustrated Americans decided to take another try with the Democrats.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>This set up Senator Barack Obama, who promised “hope and change,” to beat John McCain’s “steady as she goes” approach to the presidency.</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>But, vague rhetoric aside, Obama’s “change” was largely a continuation of Clinton’s Eisenhower-like corporate- and billionaire-friendly DLC policies. </b>He restored dignity and sanity to the presidency, but also pushed hard to expand NAFTA-like outsourcing policies by throwing several years of political capital into the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), which was ultimately as unpopular among a majority of Americans as was NAFTA in 1992. And his support of organized labor was weak, at best.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Since 1981, not one American president has seriously challenged the neoliberal basis of Reaganomics. Billionaires and corporations now largely run our politics, to the point that average working people’s desires are about as likely to be made into law as random chance.</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As a result, Pew found that only about half of Americans qualified as “middle class” by the beginning of the Obama presidency. “From 1971 to 2011, the share of adults in the middle class fell by 10 percentage points,” they noted.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">With fewer than half of Americans qualifying as middle class by 2015, Pew concluded their study: “The hollowing of the middle has proceeded steadily for the past four decades.” Four decades earlier, of course, the Democratic Party began a course that culminated in Bill Clinton leading the party to turn its back on FDR and LBJ, and embrace Republican-lite economic and trade policies.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Like a partner whose cry was still unheard, America’s still-wounded working-class and newly poor voters decided to take another chance with a new Republican partner, this time a mobbed-up New York City real estate hustler and reality TV star who promised to reverse so-called “free trade” and “bring those jobs home.”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Donald Trump had reached back into the old Democratic playbook, picking up where LBJ (who maintained protective tariffs and brought us Medicare and Medicaid without a single Republican vote) had left off, promising to reinstate protectionist trade policies to bring factories back to America. He also promised to reinstate LBJ’s emphasis on the quality of life for working-class and poor people through a national health insurance plan that would be “better” than Obama’s Affordable Care Act, which was floundering after being gutted by the Supreme Court.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We’re going to have insurance for everybody,” Trump told the Washington Post. “There was a philosophy in some circles that if you can’t pay for it, you don’t get it. That’s not going to happen with us.” Then-Health and Human Services Secretary Tom Price added, on “Meet the Press,” that “nobody will be worse off financially” with the new Trumpcare plan. Trump tweeted that there would be “no cuts… to Medicaid” and said that “no one will lose coverage.”</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And while Trump’s trade efforts have been ham-handed, his trade war with China is—outside of farming communities—still popular in the industrial heartland, particularly among current and former union workers.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">His health care plan was a scam, making available on Obamacare exchanges formerly 90-day (now three-year) emergency “bridge plans” that could still cancel insurance for preexisting conditions. But with the media focused on Trump, horserace and scandal, virtually no Americans realize that the plans Trump pitched as new and cheaper are so dangerous.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thus, working-class whites in the American Midwest and South, even those not in thrall to Trump’s pitch to white supremacists, are largely staying with him. Hope springs eternal, after all, and dies last. The Democratic Party is still locked out of the Senate, the Supreme Court, and the White House, even after two of the past four presidents who served for eight years each were Democrats.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Which brings us to how relationships heal and couples reunite, and how this could be applied to save the soul and electoral outcomes of the Democratic Party.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>When the partner who had ignored the “cry” now hears it, there’s a very real chance that the relationship can be saved. Doing so requires two steps, both done with a lot of commitment and hard work.</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">First, change the offensive behavior.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Second, remember why you “fell in love” in the first place, and revisit those reasons, experiences, feelings, and activities that first brought you together.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Democrats know how to do both of these things, party leadership notwithstanding.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Democratic Party had built a three-generation governing majority once in the past. All they need do today is reimplement Democratic policies from 1933 to 1979, updated for modern times.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Raise taxes on the rich, bring our factories home, expand the safety net, support GI Bill-style free education, and restore union rights. The party should know its history, after all, and should remember how well it was received by the American people.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Like a partner who wants to repair a wounded relationship, the Democrats must return to core principles and stay faithful to them. And we still have the template.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Today, the Democratic Party has two presidential nominees who carry the values and economic policies of FDR and LBJ, while embracing modern-day values of diversity and inclusion in ways neither party dared before this century. The Congressional Progressive Caucus is the second-largest Democratic caucus and the third largest in all of Congress.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">If the Democratic Party follows its base and promotes progressive candidates and policies, it has a good chance of pulling America back from the brink of authoritarianism and oligarchy, and to restore our moral authority in the world. A return to big thinking and big goals like those of FDR and LBJ will put Democrats on a track to a second multigenerational governing majority.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">If the party uses its convention and superdelegates (on a second vote) to choose another candidate committed to DLC (now Third Way) policies, get ready for either another four years of Donald Trump or a “moderate” one-term pause in the continuing deterioration of the middle-class American Dream.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thom Hartmann is a former psychotherapist, SiriusXM talk-show host and the New York Times bestselling author of The Hidden History of the Supreme Court and the Betrayal of America and more than 25 other books in print. He is a writing fellow at the Independent Media Institute.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This article was produced by Economy for All, a project of the Independent Media Institute.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">hmmn, NAFTA, welfare , omnibus crime? etc before shellacking midterms, only </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">In 1999 he signed into law the </span><b style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">Financial Services Modernization Act also known as the </b><b style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm%E2%80%93Leach%E2%80%93Bliley_Act" title="Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act</a>, which repealed the part of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%E2%80%93Steagall_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass–Steagall Act" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Glass–Steagall Act</a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> that had prohibited a bank from offering a full range of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">investment</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">commercial banking</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and insurance services since its enactment in 1933.</span></b><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference" style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" unicode-bidi="unicode-bidi" isolate="isolate" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton#cite_note-139" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[139]</a> and </sup></font><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">Commodities Futures Modernization Act</span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">after?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="line-height: 17.5938px;">Commodities Futures Modernization Act</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity_Futures_Modernization_Act_of_2000" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity_Futures_Modernization_Act_of_2000</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style=""><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (CFMA) is United States federal legislation that officially ensured the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none;">deregulation</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_products" title="Financial products" class="mw-redirect" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none;">financial products</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> known as </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none;">over-the-counter derivatives</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It was signed into law on December 21, 2000 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none;">President Bill Clinton</a>.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It clarified the law so that most <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none;">over-the-counter</a> (OTC) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none;">derivatives</a> transactions between “sophisticated parties” would not be regulated as “futures” under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity_Exchange_Act" title="Commodity Exchange Act" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none;">Commodity Exchange Act</a> of 1936 (CEA) or as “securities” under the federal securities laws</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Instead, the major dealers of those products (banks and securities firms) would continue to have their dealings in OTC derivatives supervised by their federal regulators under general “safety and soundness” standards. </span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity_Futures_Trading_Commission" title="Commodity Futures Trading Commission" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none;">Commodity Futures Trading Commission</a>'s (CFTC) desire to have “Functional regulation” of the market was also rejected. Instead, the CFTC would continue to do “entity-based supervision of OTC derivatives dealers.” <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity_Futures_Modernization_Act_of_2000#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> These derivatives, including the</span><span style="font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_default_swap" title="Credit default swap" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: none;">credit default swap</a>, are a few of the many causes of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%932012_global_economic_crisis" title="2007–2012 global economic crisis" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: none;">financial crisis of 2008</a> and the subsequent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%932012_global_recession" title="2008–2012 global recession" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: none;">2008–2012 global recession</a>.</span><sup class="Template-Fact" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: none;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a>]</sup></font></p></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://cornell.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7591/cornell/9780801454066.001.0001/upso-9780801454066-chapter-2"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://cornell.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7591/cornell/9780801454066.001.0001/upso-9780801454066-chapter-2</font></a></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><h1 id="pagetitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">Triangulation</font></font></h1><h2 class="subtitle" style="margin: 1.5em 0px 5px; padding: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Positioning and Leadership in Clinton’s Domestic Policy</font></font></p></h2><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font><dl class="metaInfo" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><dd class="author" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><h3 class="author" style="margin: 0px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18px;">Bruce F. Nesmith</h3><h3 class="author" style="margin: 0px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18px;">Paul J. Quirk</h3></dd></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></dl><span id="doi" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="doi" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">DOI:10.7591/cornell/9780801454066.003.0002</div></span><span id="abstract" style=""><div class="abstract" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;" /><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This chapter focuses on Clinton’s “triangulation” (or “third way”) approach to public policy. As a political term, triangulation is a Clinton-era neologism that has not passed into general use, even though it has broad potential application. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It was created as a strategy to deal with the new Republican Congress, taking into account the Republicans’ extreme conservative positions on a variety of domestic issues. In this strategy, Clinton would stand firm on partisan Democratic positions when they were popular. On issues where Republican positions were more popular, however, Clinton would take advantage of the current Republican Congress’s tendency to overreach: he would make major concessions from conventional Democratic policies and adopt centrist positions that would have broader support than the Republicans’ offerings. By such systematic, instrumental positioning, Clinton hoped to win politically on most issues, no matter which party had the initial advantage in public opinion.</span></p></div></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output" style=""><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In politics, <b>triangulation</b> is the strategy in which a political candidate presents their ideology as being above or between the left and right sides (or "wings") of a traditional (e.g. American or British) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">democratic</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">political spectrum</a>. It involves adopting for oneself some of the ideas of one's political opponent. The logic behind it is that it both takes credit for the opponent's ideas, and insulates the triangulator from attacks on that particular issue.</font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#Origins" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Origins</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#Recent_use" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Recent use</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Origins">Origins</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The term was first used by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">U.S. President</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Bill Clinton</a>'s former chief political advisor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Morris" title="Dick Morris" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Dick Morris</a> as a way to describe his strategy for getting Clinton reelected in the<b> </b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.presidential_election,1996" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1996" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;"><b>1996</b> presidential election</a>.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> In Dick Morris' words, triangulation meant "the president needed to take a position that not only blended the best of each party's views but also transcended them to constitute a third force in the debate."</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> In news articles and books, it is sometimes referred to as "Clintonian triangulation".</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Morris advocated a set of policies that were different from the traditional policies of the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Democratic Party</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. These policies included </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">deregulation</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_budgets" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanced budgets" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">balanced budgets</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. One of the most widely cited capstones of Clinton's triangulation strategy was when, in his </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1996 State of the Union Address" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">1996 State of the Union Address</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, Clinton declared that the "era of big government is over."</span><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_5-0" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-nyt-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_use">Recent use</span></font></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Politicians alleged to have used triangulation more recently include US President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Barack Obama</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-csm_6-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-csm-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_7-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-bbc-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup> former U.S. Secretary of State <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tony Blair</a> with "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu Labour" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New Labour</a>" in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jean Chrétien</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Paul Martin</a> with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Liberal Party of Canada</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_Reinfeldt" title="Fredrik Reinfeldt" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fredrik Reinfeldt</a> with "The New <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderate_Party" title="Moderate Party" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Moderates</a>" in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sweden</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bob Hawke</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Paul Keating</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kevin Rudd</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Australian Labor Party</a>.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2010 State of the Union Address" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2010 State of the Union Address</a>, President Obama insisted that he would remain with his agenda in the face of criticism, rather than resort to triangulation.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_5-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-nyt-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></font></h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_centrism" title="Radical centrism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Radical centrism</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_Souljah_moment" title="Sister Souljah moment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Sister Souljah moment</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Third Way</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(psychology)" title="Triangulation (psychology)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Triangulation (psychology)</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Morris, Dick (1999). <i>Behind the Oval Office : getting reelected against all odds</i> (2. ed.). Los Angeles: Renaissance Books. p. 80. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1580630535" title="Special:BookSources/978-1580630535" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><bdi>978-1580630535</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Oval+Office+%3A+getting+reelected+against+all+odds&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pages=80&rft.edition=2.&rft.pub=Renaissance+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1580630535&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Dick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriangulation+%28politics%29" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_ref-2" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Trende, Sean (2012). <i>The lost majority : why the future of government is up for grabs-- and who will take it</i> (1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0230116469" title="Special:BookSources/0230116469" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><bdi>0230116469</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+lost+majority+%3A+why+the+future+of+government+is+up+for+grabs--+and+who+will+take+it&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=0230116469&rft.aulast=Trende&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriangulation+%28politics%29" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Goldberg, Jonah (December 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/la-oe-goldberg18dec18-column.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Clintonian triangulation comes full circle"</a>. Los Angeles Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Clintonian+triangulation+comes+full+circle&rft.date=2007-12-18&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Jonah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fla-oe-goldberg18dec18-column.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriangulation+%28politics%29" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Lind, Michael; Halstead, Ted (2013). <i>The radical center the future of American politics</i>(Unabridged. ed.). New York: Anchor Books. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400033294" title="Special:BookSources/9781400033294" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><bdi>9781400033294</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+radical+center+the+future+of+American+politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Unabridged.&rft.pub=Anchor+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781400033294&rft.aulast=Lind&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Halstead%2C+Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriangulation+%28politics%29" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-nyt-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_ref-nyt_5-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_ref-nyt_5-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Sanger, David E. (2010-01-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/us/politics/29sanger.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Where Clinton Turned Right, Obama Plowed Ahead"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2010-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Where+Clinton+Turned+Right%2C+Obama+Plowed+Ahead&rft.date=2010-01-29&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F01%2F29%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F29sanger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriangulation+%28politics%29" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-csm-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_ref-csm_6-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2010/1210/How-tax-cut-revolt-helps-Obama-It-s-a-page-from-Clinton-playbook" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">How tax cut revolt helps Obama: It's a page from Clinton playbook</a> "Perhaps President Obama's tax-cut deal with the GOP was astute, after all. While he angered liberals, he also won back some independent support – an example of Clintonian 'triangulation.'"</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-bbc-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_ref-bbc_7-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/world_news_america/8494796.stm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Matt Frei's diary: Groundhog Day"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2010-02-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2010-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Matt+Frei%27s+diary%3A+Groundhog+Day&rft.date=2010-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Fworld_news_america%2F8494796.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriangulation+%28politics%29" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li></ol></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_spectrum" style="background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); width: 1358px; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 3px; margin: 1em auto 0px;"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible" style="width: 1350px; border-spacing: 0px; background: transparent;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);"><span class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default" role="button" tabindex="0" style="float: right; user-select: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em;"><a class="mw-collapsible-text" style="background: none; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">hide</font></a></span><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="font-weight: normal; float: left; text-align: left; margin-right: 0.5em;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" display="display" inline="inline" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" line-height="line-height" inherit="inherit" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">
</ul></div><div id="Political_spectrum" style="margin: 0px 4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Political spectrum</font></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253);"><div id="*Communitarianism

*_Left–right

*Individualism"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Communitarianism</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left%E2%80%93right_political_spectrum" title="Left–right political spectrum" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Left–right</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Individualism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; width: 1350px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Far-left</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_left" title="Hard left" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Hard left</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Left</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Centre-left</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Centre</a> <ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" display="display" inline="inline" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_centrism" title="Radical centrism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><small style="">Radical</small></a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Centre-right</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Right</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Hard/Far-right</a> <ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" display="display" inline="inline" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><small style="">Radical: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_right(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">United States</a> - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_right(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Europe</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; width: 1350px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" title="Post-left anarchy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Post-left</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Stalinist_left" title="Anti-Stalinist left" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Anti-Stalinist left</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrist_Marxism" title="Centrist Marxism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Centrist Marxism</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Christian left</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Jewish left</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim left" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Muslim left</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_left" class="mw-redirect" title="New left" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">New left</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Third Position</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Third Way</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink" style="text-decoration: inherit; background: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap;">Triangulation</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Christian right</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Hindutva</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Islamism</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_right" class="mw-redirect" title="New right" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">New right</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; width: 1350px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other models:</font><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_theory" title="Horseshoe theory" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Horseshoe theory</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolan_Chart" title="Nolan Chart" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Nolan Chart</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%E2%80%93closed_political_spectrum" title="Open–closed political spectrum" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Open–closed</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pournelle_chart" title="Pournelle chart" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Pournelle chart</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: </font><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none none; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Political_terminology" title="Category:Political terminology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Political terminology</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li></ul></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></span></p><p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996</a></font></span></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">United States presidential election of 1996</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> was the 53rd quadrennial </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">presidential election</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. It was held on Tuesday, November 5, 1996.</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Incumbent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Democratic</a> President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Bill Clinton</a> defeated Senate Majority Leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Bob Dole</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Republican</a> nominee.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clinton and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Vice President</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Al Gore</a> were re-nominated without incident by the Democratic Party. Numerous candidates entered the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,1996" title="Republican Party presidential primaries, 1996" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1996 Republican primaries</a>, with Dole considered the early front-runner. Dole clinched the nomination after defeating challenges by publisher <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Steve Forbes</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">paleoconservative</a> leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Pat Buchanan</a>. Dole's running mate was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jack Kemp</a>, a former Congressman and football player who had served as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development" style="background: none;">Housing Secretary</a> under President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H. W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George H. W. Bush</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ross Perot</a>, who had won 18.9% of the popular vote as an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">independent</a> candidate in the 1992 election, ran as the candidate of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Reform Party</a>. Perot received less media attention in 1996 and was excluded from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">presidential debates</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Clinton's chances of winning were initially considered slim in the middle of his term as his party had lost both the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">House of Representatives</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Senate</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_elections,1994" title="United States elections, 1994" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">1994</a> for the first time in decades</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He was able to regain ground as the economy began to recover from the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_1990s_recession" title="Early 1990s recession" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">early 1990s recession</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> with a relatively stable world stage. Clinton tied Dole to </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Newt Gingrich</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, the unpopular Republican Speaker of the House. Dole promised an across-the-board 15% reduction in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Income tax in the United States" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">federal income taxes</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and attacked Clinton as a member of the "spoiled" </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Boomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby Boomer" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Baby Boomer</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> generation. Dole's age was a persistent issue in the election, and gaffes by Dole exacerbated the issue for his campaign.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Clinton maintained a consistent polling age over Dole, and he won re-election with a substantial margin in the popular vote and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College(United_States)" title="Electoral College (United States)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Electoral College</a>. Clinton became the first Democrat since <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D.Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> to win two straight presidential elections</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Dole won 40.7% of the popular vote and 159 electoral votes, while Perot won 8.4% of the popular vote. Despite Dole's defeat, the Republican Party was able to maintain a majority in both the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,1996" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1996" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">House of Representatives</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,1996" title="United States Senate elections, 1996" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Senate</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Turnout was registered at 49.0%, the lowest for a presidential election since </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1924" title="United States presidential election, 1924" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">1924</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;" xmlns:xml="xml"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Background" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Background</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Democratic_Party_nomination" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Democratic Party nomination</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Candidates_gallery" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Candidates gallery</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Republican_Party_nomination" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Republican Party nomination</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Candidates_gallery_2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Candidates gallery</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Primaries_and_convention" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Primaries and convention</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Major_third_parties" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Major third parties</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Reform_Party_nomination" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Reform Party nomination</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Libertarian_Party_nomination" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Libertarian Party nomination</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Natural_Law_Party_nomination" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Natural Law Party nomination</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#U.S.Taxpayers'Party_nomination" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">U.S. Taxpayers' Party nomination</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#General_election" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">General election</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Campaign" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Campaign</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Campaign_donations_controversy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Campaign donations controversy</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Results" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Results</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Results_by_state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Results by state</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Close_states" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.4.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Close states</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Voter_demographics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Voter demographics</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Polling_controversy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Polling controversy</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Notes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">9</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Notes</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Further_reading" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Further reading</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Books" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Books</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Journals" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Journals</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#Web_references" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Web references</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">11</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Background</font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1995, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican Party</a> was riding high on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">significant gains</a> made in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_elections,1994" title="United States elections, 1994" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1994 mid-term elections</a>. In those races, the Republicans, led by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives#Whips" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">whip</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Newt Gingrich</a>, captured the majority of seats in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">House</a> for the first time in forty years and the majority of seats in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Senate</a> for the first time in eight years. Gingrich became <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Speaker of the House</a>, while <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bob Dole</a> elevated to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Senate Majority leader</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Republicans of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">104th Congress</a> pursued an ambitious agenda, highlighted by their <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_with_America" title="Contract with America" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Contract with America</a>, but were often forced to compromise with President Clinton, who wielded <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veto" title="Veto" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">veto</a> power. A budget impasse between Congress and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Administration" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Clinton Administration</a> eventually resulted in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_shutdown_of_1995_and_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">a government shutdown</a>. Clinton, meanwhile, was praised for signing the GOP's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Responsibility_and_Work_Opportunity_Act" title="Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">welfare reform</a> and other notable bills, but was forced to abandon his own <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">health care plan</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">---</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Triangulation:</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The term was first used by </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;">U.S. President</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;">Bill Clinton</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">'s former chief political advisor </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Morris" title="Dick Morris" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;">Dick Morris</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> as a way to describe his strategy for getting Clinton reelected in the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.presidential_election,1996" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1996" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;">1996 presidential election</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. In Dick Morris' words, <b>triangulation </b>meant "the president needed to take a position that not only blended the best of each party's views but also transcended them to constitute a third force in the debate."</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> In news articles and books, it is sometimes referred to as "Clintonian triangulation".</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Morris advocated a set of policies that were different from the traditional policies of the </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Democratic Party</a>. These policies included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">deregulation</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_budgets" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanced budgets" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">balanced budgets</a>. One of the most widely cited capstones of Clinton's triangulation strategy was when, in his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1996 State of the Union Address" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">1996 State of the Union Address</a>, Clinton declared that the "era of big government is over."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_5-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation(politics)#cite_note-nyt-5" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">[5]</a></sup></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">---</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">3rd way</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">United States</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>"Third Way"</b> adherents embrace <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">fiscal conservatism</a> to a greater extent than traditional economic liberals, advocate some replacement of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare(financial_aid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare (financial aid)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">welfare</a> with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workfare" title="Workfare" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">workfare</a> and sometimes have a stronger preference for market solutions to traditional problems (as in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollution market" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">pollution markets</a>) while rejecting pure <i>laissez-faire</i> economics and other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">libertarian</a> positions. The Third Way style of governing was firmly adopted and partly redefined during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Administration" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">administration</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">President</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Bill Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[41]</a></sup> The term "Third Way" was introduced by political scientist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Skowronek" title="Stephen Skowronek" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Stephen Skowronek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way#cite_note-42" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way#cite_note-43" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way#cite_note-44" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[44]</a></sup> "Third Way" presidents "undermine the opposition by borrowing policies from it in an effort to seize the middle and with it to achieve political dominance". Examples of this are Nixon’s economic policies, which were a continuation of Johnson's "Great Society", as well as Clinton’s welfare reform later</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way#cite_note-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Clinton, Blair, Prodi, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gerhard Schröder</a> and other leading Third Way adherents organized conferences to promote the Third Way philosophy in 1997 at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chequers" title="Chequers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Chequers</a> in England.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way#cite_note-46" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_47-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way#cite_note-autogenerated2-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[47]</a></sup>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way(think_tank)" title="Third Way (think tank)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Third Way think tank</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Leadership_Council" title="Democratic Leadership Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Democratic Leadership Council</a> are adherents of Third Way politics.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way#cite_note-48" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[48]</a></sup></font></p><p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></span></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><div class=" story-intro format-s" itemscope="" itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-right: 344.859px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="summary " style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.25em;"><header class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h1 class=" " style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; line-height: 1.12; letter-spacing: -0.02rem;"><span itemprop="headline" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The dirtiest word in politics</font></span></h1></header><footer class="meta" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; margin-top: 0.5em;"><div itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><p class="byline" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By BEN SMITH and <a href="https://www.politico.com/staff/john-f-harris" rel="author" class="url fn" target="top" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: 700;">JOHN F. HARRIS</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font>

<time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2010-12-10 04:39:39" style="box-sizing: border-box;">12/10/<b>2010 </b></time></p></div></footer></div></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The naughty word is “triangulation,” and it does indeed sound like something that in some conservative locales might still be against the law, even if rarely prosecuted when practiced by consenting adults.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The question echoing through Democratic circles, among lawmakers and liberal commentators alike, is whether President <a target="_blank" href="http://topics.politico.com/index.cfm/topic/BarackObama" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Barack Obama</a> might be trying to separate himself from his unpopular party through illicit acts of triangulation.

The liberal New Republic and the conservative Daily Caller, among others, suspect the answer is yes. White House Communications Director Dan Pfeiffer is on the record with an emphatic denial that Obama is a triangulator. (See: <a target="blank" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0110/32050.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Triangulation makes a comeback</a>.)</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The suspicions flow from Obama’s bargain with Republicans on taxes, in which he reluctantly embraced an extension of <a target="blank" href="http://topics.politico.com/index.cfm/topic/BushTaxCuts" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">George W. Bush’s tax cuts</a>, even for high earners, and followed that up with a White House news conference in which he lectured some of his fellow Democrats on the importance of compromise.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Were Obama’s laments about the impatience and impracticality of some liberals a sincere plea for more understanding from his own side? Or were they actually a calculated effort to advertise his tactical and ideological independence from fellow Democrats? (See:  <a target="blank" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1210/46082.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Dem leaders rip tax deal</a>.)</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As a political term of art, triangulation dates from some of the darkest hours of <a target="blank" href="http://topics.politico.com/index.cfm/topic/BillClinton" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Bill Clinton’s</a> first term, when Democrats got trounced in the 1994 midterm elections and the 42nd president found himself in straits remarkably similar to Obama’s now. Clinton fought his way back to health with the help of Republican consultant <a target="blank" href="http://topics.politico.com/index.cfm/topic/DickMorris" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Dick Morris</a>, who gleefully described his strategy as triangulation.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Clinton is back in favor with most Democrats and, in fact, is headed to the White House to consult with Obama Friday afternoon. But Morris, a commentator on Fox News, has enjoyed no such revival. For many Democrats, his triangulation methods are forever associated with the surrender of both principle and dignity. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(See:  </span><a target="blank" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0910/42878.html" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Poll: Bill Clinton most popular pol</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.)</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Triangulation, as I understand it, is an intentional political strategy to win favor with swing voters by pushing off the left. That’s not what the president is doing, and that’s not our strategy,” Pfeiffer wrote POLITICO in an e-mail. “We want to convince all Democrats to support this [tax] deal because we think it is good for the economy and good for the middle and working class.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Obama’s shoving match with the left, Pfeiffer noted, isn’t something the president sought. To the contrary, he was responding to the attacks of others. </font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The president is responding to several very loud voices from the left who said we should fight even if people’s taxes go up. The president strongly disagrees with that position, and he is arguing his case,” said Pfeiffer. “Avoiding ideological rigidity and working with people he doesn’t always agree with to make progress for the country is at the core of the argument the president made on the campaign trail in 2008.” (See:  <a target="blank" href="http://obama%20takes%20on%20deal%27s%20dem%20critics/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Obama takes on deal's Dem critics</a>.)</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 344.859px 1em 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pfeiffer’s quote underscores why the triangulation debate has relevance beyond a few bloggers and Clinton-era fetishists.</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BAK</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">clinton819</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">---</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see hillary, whitewater, bimbogate ark pjt, fdn for newer</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">aha: ok maybe not tip pt but certainly inflection points:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see doom tip pt, along with 2010 TP wave, ripple cascade effects bad.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">dereg presumably started with RR mandate of L, hit list. Bush 41n not dereg wacko (tho John Graham OIRA DQA?)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Newt 1994 wave forced triangulation?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Koch TP libtards favors dereg</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.alternet.org/2019/08/how-deregulation-led-to-the-opioid-epidemic</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The opioid abuse epidemic is one of the worst public-health crises in American history. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), between 1999 and 2017, almost 400,000 people died in the U.S. from an overdose of either prescription or illicit opioids. In 2017 alone, opioids, more than one-third involving prescriptions, killed more than 47,000 individuals. And today, on average 130 people die each day from opioid overdoses.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This article originally appeared on The American Prospect.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The root cause of most cases of opioid addiction, particularly prescription-initiated addiction, is pain, a devastating but sometimes overlooked symptom. As a recent American Industrial Hygiene Association paper argues, “the opioid crisis should be seen primarily as a pain crisis, much of which is related to work.” Addressing that crisis precipitated another: treatment regimes that relied heavily on opioids. Today there’s little awareness that almost two decades ago, conservative members of Congress, in a burst of anti-regulatory zeal, championed the fight to eliminate the very ergonomics standard that was designed to reduce the high incidence of a number of common workplace injuries.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The tale of that misguided effort begins with the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which was signed into law by President Richard Nixon in 1970, following decades of unregulated, preventable workplace deaths, injuries, and illnesses. Its goal was to “assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women” and included “authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the Act.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The act incorporated existing industry safety standards and adopted new ones to cover an array of workplace hazards, such as work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). These disorders included a wide range of conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome, back pain, and tendonitis that are related to repetitive stress, or sustained or sudden exertions resulting from lifting, pushing, and pulling; carrying many or irregularly shaped objects; maintaining awkward or unnatural positions; or handling vibrating machinery and tools.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By the 1980s, labor health and safety activists recognized that alarming rates of disabling WMSDs were occurring in a wide variety of workplaces, including auto manufacturers, garment factories, office environments, and meatpacking and poultry plants. New modes of assembly line production exacerbated these long-standing problems. The need to implement an ergonomics standard, one that would require employers to systematically address the hazards that give rise to musculoskeletal injuries suffered by their workers, became even more urgent.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There were several false starts for the controversial provisions, but OSHA began working in earnest on the standard in 1993. However, the resulting proposals soon ran into trouble on Capitol Hill. The Democrats lost control of Congress in 1994, and Newt Gingrich’s “Contract with America” heralded the new Republican majority’s deregulatory push. Bemoaning the costs that an ergonomics standard would entail for the private sector, industry lobbyists derided OSHA’s ergonomic proposal as the poster child for government overregulation. The agency estimated that the new rule would require $4.5 billion in annual compliance costs, but would generate $9.1 billion in benefits every year in the first ten years, and prevent hundreds of thousands of musculoskeletal disorders each year.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gingrich’s acolytes fought the development of the standard tooth and nail, despite a 1997 General Accounting Office report that found that “billions of dollars are spent by private sector employers on workers’ compensation claims associated with WMSDs,” and that “employers can reduce these costs and injuries and thereby improve employee health and morale, as well as productivity and product quality” by implementing effective ergonomics programs in their workplaces.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After a decade of research and heated political debate, OSHA finally prevailed. On November 14, 2000, during the final weeks of the Clinton administration, the agency issued its ergonomics regulation. It applied to more than six million worksites covering 102 million workers and required all general-industry employers (excluding the agriculture, maritime, and construction sectors) to establish an ergonomics program if triggered by reports of a worker’s WMSD or persistent evidence of WMSDs in the workplace.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The standard went into effect days before George W. Bush was inaugurated. But a few months later, Congress used the Congressional Review Act of 1996 to obliterate the regulation, the first and only time the act had been used to rescind an agency regulation (until President Trump began to make frequent use of it). Usually, if a new administration dislikes a regulation and wants it revised or revoked, it needs to engage in rulemaking all over again and must justify the desired changes. The ergonomics standard escaped this process. In his first legislative act as president, Bush signed the rescission resolution on March 20, 2001, taking the standard off the books and prohibiting OSHA from ever issuing a substantially similar one. A regulation designed to protect workers from debilitating workplace injuries—that frequently required painkilling treatment regimes—had been completely destroyed.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Bush administration paid lip service to the value of ergonomics programs. Administration officials noted that employers who ignored obvious problems with WMSDs might be cited under OSHA’s “general duty” to provide a workplace reasonably free from recognized hazards. But, as a June 2004 memo to OSHA’s regional administrators made clear, any new guidelines for the prevention of WMSDs “are not new standards or regulations and do not create any new OSHA duties for employers” (emphasis in original). Today, no federal ergonomics regulation exists. (Some states run their own OSHA programs, with federal financial and technical assistance and oversight. They are required to provide worker protections at least as vigorous as federal OSHA  regulations require. Of these states, only California has specific ergonomics regulations currently on the books.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But the hazardous workplace conditions that give rise to musculoskeletal injuries, and the chronic pain that so often accompanies those injuries, haven’t gone away. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, musculoskeletal injuries are the most prevalent occupational injury in the United States today, totaling, in 2017, 32 percent of serious nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses. The CDC, meanwhile, continues to claim that “together, employers, workers, and other parties with an understanding of ergonomics can design effective programs to prevent and minimize WMSDs.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2017, there were 344,970 cases of workplace musculoskeletal injuries involving days away from work. How many of those cases represent workers who are being treated or are self-medicating with opioids today? How many are addicted? And how many of their injuries could have been prevented with an effectively enforced standard designed to reduce the hazards that cause WMSDs, like the short-lived 2001 rule?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Today, the CDC points out that the best ways to prevent opioid overdose deaths include improving prescribing through revamped clinical-practice guidelines and treatment and preventing opioid use disorder. But there’s little discussion even now about preventing the workplace injuries that cause the pain that contribute to opioid use and abuse. Federally enforceable worker-informed ergonomics programs continue to be urgently needed in every workplace where these hazards exist. If only Congress and President Bush had understood that 18 years ago.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://thinkprogress.org/what-we-now-know-about-the-men-who-led-the-impeachment-of-clinton-8b5557723bc9/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What We Now Know About The Men Who Led The Impeachment Of Clinton</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDD LEGUM</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MAY 30, 2015, 5:43 PM</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On December 19, 1998, the House of Representatives impeached Bill Clinton on two charges related to his extramarital affair with Monica Lewinsky. (The charges were for perjury and obstruction of justice.) The historic vote, and subsequent trial in the Senate, involved the work of three men who were elected Speaker of the House Of Representatives by the Republican majority, Newt Gingrich, Bob Livingston and Dennis Hastert.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Almost 17 years later, with the federal indictment of Hastert for illegally concealing up to $3.5 million in hush-money, we finally have a more complete understanding of the men who led this effort.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Newt Gingrich</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-GA) led the push for Bill Clinton’s impeachment. Following a disappointing election in November 1998, he announced he was stepping down as Speaker and resigning from Congress.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gingrich later admitted that, while he was pushing for Clinton’s impeachment, he was engaged in an affair with a Congressional aide. “There were times when I was praying and when I felt I was doing things that were wrong. But I was still doing them,” Gingrich said in 2007. He later said the situation was “complex and, obviously, I wasn’t doing things to be proud of.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bob Livingston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After Gingrich announced his resignation, Republicans unanimously selected Rep. Bob Livingston (R-LA) to succeed him. Livingston represented the party as Speaker-elect in the led up to the impeachment vote.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On the day of the impeachment vote, Livingston announced he was resigning following revelations that he had engaged in an extramarital affair. According to Hustler Magazine Publisher Larry Flint, who offered a reward for information about the sex lives of members of Congress, he “found four women who said they had been involved with Mr. Livingston over the last 10 years.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dennis Hastert</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Following Livingston’s resignation, which occurred on the same day the House voted on impeachment, Rep. Dennis Hastert (R-IL) quickly gained support of the Republican leadership to succeed him as Speaker-designate. He began formally serving as speaker in January 1999, and held that role while the Senate conducted their trial on the articles of impeachment.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On Thursday, Hastert was indicted on charges that he illegally structured $1.7 million in payments to an individual in an attempt to cover up prior misconduct. According to reports, the payments were allegedly intended to “conceal sexual abuse against a former male student he knew during his days as a teacher in Yorkville, Ill.” The LA Times also reported that “investigators also spoke with a second man who raised similar allegations that corroborated what the former student said.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Update:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On April 27, Hastert was sentenced to 15 months in federal prison for improperly structuring payments to cover up the abuse. In open court, a federal judge repeatedly called him a “serial child molester.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">triangulation: term was first used by U.S. President Bill Clinton's former chief political advisor Dick Morris as a way to describe his strategy for getting Clinton reelected in the 1996 presidential election. In Dick Morris' words, triangulation meant "the president needed to take a position that not only blended the best of each party's views but also transcended them to constitute a third force in the debate."[1] In news articles and books, it is sometimes referred to as "Clintonian triangulation".[2][3][4] Morris advocated a set of policies that were different from the traditional policies of the Democratic Party. These policies included deregulation and balanced budgets. One of the most widely cited capstones of Clinton's triangulation strategy was when, in his 1996 State of the Union Address, Clinton declared that the "era of big government is over."[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1996</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The United States presidential election of 1996 was the 53rd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 5, 1996.[2] Incumbent Democratic President Bill Clinton defeated Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole, the Republican nominee.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clinton and Vice President Al Gore were re-nominated without incident by the Democratic Party. Numerous candidates entered the 1996 Republican primaries, with Dole considered the early front-runner. Dole clinched the nomination after defeating challenges by publisher Steve Forbes and paleoconservative leader Pat Buchanan. Dole's running mate was Jack Kemp, a former Congressman and football player who had served as the Housing Secretary under President George H. W. Bush. Ross Perot, who had won 18.9% of the popular vote as an independent candidate in the 1992 election, ran as the candidate of the Reform Party. Perot received less media attention in 1996 and was excluded from the presidential debates.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clinton's chances of winning were initially considered slim in the middle of his term as his party had lost both the House of Representativesand the Senate in 1994 for the first time in decades. He was able to regain ground as the economy began to recover from the early 1990s recession with a relatively stable world stage. Clinton tied Dole to Newt Gingrich, the unpopular Republican Speaker of the House. Dole promised an across-the-board 15% reduction in federal income taxes and attacked Clinton as a member of the "spoiled" Baby Boomergeneration. Dole's age was a persistent issue in the election, and gaffes by Dole exacerbated the issue for his campaign.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clinton maintained a consistent polling age over Dole, and he won re-election with a substantial margin in the popular vote and the Electoral College. Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win two straight presidential elections. Dole won 40.7% of the popular vote and 159 electoral votes, while Perot won 8.4% of the popular vote. Despite Dole's defeat, the Republican Party was able to maintain a majority in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. Turnout was registered at 49.0%, the lowest for a presidential election since 1924.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents  [hide] </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Democratic Party nomination</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2.1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Candidates gallery</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Republican Party nomination</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Candidates gallery</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.2<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Primaries and convention</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Major third parties</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Reform Party nomination</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.2<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Libertarian Party nomination</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.3<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Natural Law Party nomination</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.4<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>U.S. Taxpayers' Party nomination</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>General election</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5.1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Campaign</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5.2<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Campaign donations controversy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5.3<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Results</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5.4<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Results by state</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5.4.1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Close states</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5.5<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Voter demographics</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Polling controversy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>See also</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">9<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Notes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">10<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Further reading</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">10.1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Books</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">10.2<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journals</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">10.3<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Web references</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">11<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Background[edit]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1995, the Republican Party was riding high on the significant gains made in the 1994 mid-term elections. In those races, the Republicans, led by whip Newt Gingrich, captured the majority of seats in the House for the first time in forty years and the majority of seats in the Senate for the first time in eight years. Gingrich became Speaker of the House, while Bob Dole elevated to Senate Majority leader.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Republicans of the 104th Congress pursued an ambitious agenda, highlighted by their Contract with America, but were often forced to compromise with President Clinton, who wielded veto power. A budget impasse between Congress and the Clinton Administration eventually resulted in a government shutdown. Clinton, meanwhile, was praised for signing the GOP's welfare reform and other notable bills, but was forced to abandon his own health care plan.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The term was first used by U.S. President Bill Clinton's former chief political advisor Dick Morris as a way to describe his strategy for getting Clinton reelected in the 1996 presidential election. In Dick Morris' words, triangulation meant "the president needed to take a position that not only blended the best of each party's views but also transcended them to constitute a third force in the debate."[1] In news articles and books, it is sometimes referred to as "Clintonian triangulation".[2][3][4] Morris advocated a set of policies that were different from the traditional policies of the Democratic Party. These policies included deregulation and balanced budgets. One of the most widely cited capstones of Clinton's triangulation strategy was when, in his 1996 State of the Union Address, Clinton declared that the "era of big government is over."[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3rd way</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the United States, "Third Way" adherents embrace fiscal conservatism to a greater extent than traditional economic liberals, advocate some replacement of welfare with workfare and sometimes have a stronger preference for market solutions to traditional problems (as in pollution markets) while rejecting pure laissez-faire economics and other libertarian positions. The Third Way style of governing was firmly adopted and partly redefined during the administration of President Bill Clinton.[41] The term "Third Way" was introduced by political scientist Stephen Skowronek.[42][43][44] "Third Way" presidents "undermine the opposition by borrowing policies from it in an effort to seize the middle and with it to achieve political dominance". Examples of this are Nixon’s economic policies, which were a continuation of Johnson's "Great Society", as well as Clinton’s welfare reform later.[45]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clinton, Blair, Prodi, Gerhard Schröder and other leading Third Way adherents organized conferences to promote the Third Way philosophy in 1997 at Chequers in England.[46][47]The Third Way think tank and the Democratic Leadership Council are adherents of Third Way politics.[48]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_United_States_campaign_finance_controversy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">china</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clinton Foundation Receiving Millions of Dollars from Corporations That Want to Build Keystone XL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to a voluntary disclosure from the Foundation, in 2014 the not-for-profit received between $250,000 and $500,000 from Canada’s Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development  department, which has pressed for approval of the Keystone XL pipeline.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The agency’s own website states that one of its priorities is to “Deepen commercial relations  with the United States through support for innovation and foreign investment and promote  Canada as a stable and secure source of energy and energy technology, such as the Keystone XL  initiative.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This Canadian agency is not the only donor aligned with big oil.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Numerous fossil fuel giants sent direct payments to the foundation in 2014, including Exxon Mobil Corp., which donated up to $5 million, Anadarko Petroleum Corp., BP, ConocoPhillips  Co., Chesapeake Energy Corp., Citgo Petroleum Corp. and Occidental Petroleum Corp, the Hill reported.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Big Oil has played a key role in lobbying in favor of the Keystone XL pipeline, including in a letter to U.S. President Barack Obama signed by the CEOs of ExxonMobil and Anadarko.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">linton Foundation Receiving Millions of Dollars from Corporations That Want to Build Keystone XL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BC got punked on logging salvage rider mark rey, but risked govt shutdown to save ANWR 41 (shutdown led to furlouhs that allow monica to deliver pizza) 41 Dombeck aslo got aggressive/effective on forests roadless 58mil acres; EPA sued power plants (on track to get rid of 1/4 of all indust pollut) 42  BC up effic stds, rule no govt contract for poluters (or other lawbreakers) , lower arsenic and fact farm runoff 45, lower diesel emissions  b2 put 371 rules on hold in 1st 90 min 46  b2 3rd wave of attack RR climsy, Newt 94 failed, but rove and luntz learned: look like you're doing no harm 47 strat ignor? </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BC got punked on logging salvage rider mark rey, but risked govt shutdown to save ANWR 41 (shutdown led to furloughs that allow monica to deliver pizza) 41 Dombeck aslo got aggressive/effective on forests roadless 58mil acres; EPA sued power plants (on track to get rid of 1/4 of all indust pollut) 42  BC up effic stds, rule no govt contract for polluters (or other lawbreakers) , lower arsenic and fact farm runoff 45, lower diesel emissions  b2 put 371 rules on hold in 1st 90 min 46  b2 3rd wave of attack RR climsy, Newt 94 failed, but rove and luntz learned: look like you're doing no harm 47</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">OIRA JG ~ Joe  Lieb; OIRA could ask agency to repeal laws; rejects 58 RR; 16 BC; 316 B2 2001 (CTT and trade gp input) 64  dioxin no safe level, but ok to spread on crops and parks 64  nrdc found 34-56 mill ppl had arnsenic; BC browner went for 10 ppb (CTT said pvt well shd do something if 5 ppb) but ~ 1oppb at epa; Rvoe and Karen Hughes ~  b/c NMex close election, backed by CEI arsenic "an essential ingredient" and good for us 67 CEI angela logomasini  NAS backed Browner and B2 caved, also on other BC rules allowed, based by CEI Jon Adler.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hunting of the Pres</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bradley and Olin funded brock anita hill bk 100</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hale paid 60K$ by feds 161</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gt Unravel 8 yr 75 mil investigation found no wrongdoing by clintons p 270</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elves : George Conway</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ann Coulter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jerome Marcus (philly) Fed Soc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Susan Carpenter-McMillan (born circa 1949) was a senior adviser to Paula Jones during the Lewinsky scandal and headed the chairperson for the Paula Jones Legal Defense Fund.[1] In 1997 Clinton was willing to settle the lawsuit that Jones brought against him for $700,000. Carpenter-McMillan advised Jones to reject Clinton's offer because the offer did not include an apology.[2] Jones followed Carpenter-McMillan's advice, which contradicted the advice she received from her lawyers, Gilbert Davis and Joseph Cammarata. Jones eventually settled the case with Clinton for $850,000 and no apology.[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2000 Carpenter-McCmillan unsuccessfully ran for the California State Assembly against Carol Liu.[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Big Lies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">gop claimed BC tax hike biggest in hist, but actually RR 77 (BC's on top 1.2%)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">115 mos economic growth (record), 4%/yr, 22m jobs (record) poverty rate down, paid off 360b in debt</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">gov spending to gnp at 60's levels and taxes comparable;  80, record home and stock ownership</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">B2? 1st absolute decline in jobs since Hoover 80. war and recession factors, but deficit came from tax cuts 81-2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">discret spending up 50% after gingrich revo/earmarks 83</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">D'amato aide Chertoff  clinton -gate 211 hunt</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lawmakers who had been prepared to give Clinton the benefit of the doubt such as Hatch, Gephardt, and Lieberman found themselves bitterly discouraged at his response. In the Capitol office of House Majority Whip Tom DeLay, however, there was never any question of forgiveness. He did not believe for a second that Clinton was genuinely repenting; the president was only confessing because he had been caught. The DNA had forced his hand. For months, DeLay had been denouncing Clinton as a "sexual predator" and accusing him of providing only "the spin, the whole spin, and nothing but the spin." This then, finally, was the moment DeLay had waited for, the moment when Clinton would stand revealed as the liar he always was. He had lied about Gennifer Flowers, about the draft, about smoking marijuana. He had lied to DeLay and other Republicans during the budget battle that led to the shutdown of the federal government in 1995. And now at last was DeLay's chance to make him pay.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It was the waiting that was killing them now. At 5:44 P.M. that Monday, DeLay's policy director, Tony C. Rudy [not chris rudy?], out in California for the congressional recess, sent an E-mail to press secretary Michael P. Scanlon back in Washington to find out what was happening with Clinton at the grand jury.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"still no word?" he wrote in that casual internal E-mail style in which capitalization, precise spelling, and proper grammar were optional.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Hes going to admit it," Scanlon wrote back. "the big q is on what level — I still say we need to attack!"</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rudy agreed. "we need to force dems to distance themselves from the liar," he replied. "He looked into americas eyes and lied."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"God bless you Tony Rudy — Are we the only ones with political instincts — This whole thing about not kicking someone when they are down is BS — Not only do you kick him — you kick him until he passes out — then beat him over the head with a baseball bat — then roll him up in an old rug — and throw him off a cliff into the pound surf below!!!!!" ?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/baker-breach.html</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clinton, Conspiracism, and the Continuing Culture War</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Role of the Media</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.publiceye.org/conspire/clinton/Clintonculwar8-02.html</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clinton Wars Sidney Blumenthal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://books.google.com/books?id=RlJKrGSaFMkC&dq=Clinton+Wars+Sidney+Blumenthal&source=gbs_navlinks_s</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'89, LA saw BC as threat to B1 p34 devised Horton</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Larry Nichols, contras p 36 tried to shake down BC 37 (much later waved gun at militia event and threatened BC)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jan 92 BC frontrunner so tabloid ? paid big $ to Nichols and Flowers (gave $ to gop)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2/18 4 in bed orgy and black love child in Globe</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sidney Blumenthal ( born November 6, 1948) is a former aide to President Bill Clinton and a widely published American journalist, especially on American politics and foreign policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Born in Chicago, he earned a BA in sociology from Brandeis University in 1969 and started his career in Boston as a journalist who wrote for The New Republic. Over a career of twenty years, he became editor of several departments and wrote for several publications including The Washington Post, Vanity Fair, and The New Yorker. During the '00s, he published several essays critical of the administration of then-President George W. Bush.[1][2][3][4]...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Blumenthal v. Drudge</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1997, Blumenthal instigated a $30 million libel lawsuit against Internet blogger Matt Drudge (as well as AOL, who had hired Mr. Drudge) stemming from a false claim Drudge had made of spousal abuse attributed to "top GOP sources." Drudge retracted the story later, saying he was given bad information. In Blumenthal v. Drudge, 992 F. Supp. 44 (D.D.C. 1998), the court refused to dismiss Blumenthal's case for lack of personal jurisdiction. Drudge later publicly apologized to the Blumenthals. Blumenthal dropped his lawsuit and eventually reached a settlement involving a small payment to Drudge over having missed a deposition. In his book, The Clinton Wars, Blumenthal claimed he was forced to settle because he could no longer financially afford the suit.[5] [6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Following the end of the Clinton presidency, Blumenthal subsequently wrote a book titled The Clinton Wars published in 2003. The book includes a small biography of Blumenthal, but focuses on his years with the Clintons and in the White House. Other books by Blumenthal include The Permanent Campaign, The Rise of the Counter-Establishment, Pledging Allegiance: The Last Campaign of the Cold War, and How Bush Rules: Chronicles of a Radical Regime.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">----</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Uncovering Clinton</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A Reporter's Story</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By MICHAEL ISIKOFF</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Crown Publishers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/i/isikoff-clinton.html?_r=4&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">   What did that mean? Nobody was satisfied, including Reed Irvine, the dyspeptic chief of Accuracy in Media--a conservative watchdog group. Irvine wanted Jones to tell all.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...I had gotten to know CLIFF Jackson in 1992, when I first started chasing down Clinton scandal stories. There was no question he had an agenda and a deep animus toward the president. They had known each other for more than a quarter century and had actually once been friendly at Oxford University, where Jackson was a Fulbright Scholar while Clinton was a Rhodes. Clinton later had sought Jackson's help in contacting the leader of the Arkansas Republican Party to get a crucial draft deferment. But at some point the two went their separate ways. Over the years, a rivalry turned into a near blood feud--at least on Jackson's side. I recalled having dinner with Jackson along with a colleague, David Marannis, in early 1992 and being struck by how personal it all seemed. Jackson was soft-spoken, shy, socially inept--everything the fast-talking and personable Clinton was not. To Jackson, Clinton was a phony, a man who pretended to be your best friend one minute and forgot you the next, a man who would do anything to get ahead. Jackson, it was clear, burned with resentment toward Clinton.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">----</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hunting pres (video)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hunting of the President</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By Gene Lyons</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://books.google.com/books?id=DPNYQBwQ7uoC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=peter+smith+gopac+rnc&source=bl&ots=i3yBkyjd-b&sig=lgZCFcA-cJK2ZSKI10p126S2IU8&hl=en&ei=oqVKStHmH8fPlAeal6wb&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">cf video notes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">book:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">dirty camp not new, but media channels are xiii</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">p3 atwater uses ark primary to preempt BC pres run</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bradly olin funded brock anita bk 100</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">scaife bio 106- backed goldwater then nixon (wrote 354 checks to avoid gift taxes in 71. Nixon staff tried to get him to buy Wa Post!</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">fronted for CIA 107-8 Forum World Features, gave credentials to agents also spread propaganda (cf sectret govt website</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hale made proffeer to Fiske, said afraid for life 129</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">book: http://www.benegesserit.com/THOTP/Porter-THOTP.htm</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">*</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SCAIFE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Money from the Pittsburgh billionaire's foundations also supported three conservative organizations prominently associated without he Jones case.  Between 1988 and 1996, nearly a million dollars in Scaife funds had been lavished on the Landmark Legal Foundation, an organization based in Kansas City and Washington which litigated on behalf of right-wing causes.  Well over half a million dollars had been doled out to the Independent Women's Forum since 1994, when its leaders engaged Starr to write a brief on Jones' behalf.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another million or so had subsidized the Federalist Society, established as a national legal fraternity during the Reagan era.  It acted as a clearinghouse for clerkships with conservative judges, policy forums, and a right-wing political network.  Its roster of members and patrons included many of the most prominent Republican judges, attorneys, and legal scholars, including Kenneth Starr and Judge David Sentelle, the presiding judge of the Special Division that had appointed Starr.)  Certain of its members, including Starr, had provided a great deal of high-priced legal advice to Jones for free.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gil Davis and Joe Cammarata weren't the sort of attorneys attracted to the highly ideological Federalist milieu.  But Richard Porter and George Conway were among the group's active members, and they had mobilized its resources during the early days of the Jones lawsuit to lend additional repectability to her claims.  At the urging of Conway and Marcus, a group of Federalist-affiliated law professors and constitutional lawyers had signed 'friend of the court" briefs in 1994 supporting her right to proceedings against the president while he was still in office.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Now, as the date for argument on that issue in the Supreme Court approached, the young Federalist attorneys in the Jones camp called upon two of the organization's legal eminences to help prepare Davis and Cammarata.  During the first week of January, the brought Davis and Cammarata to the Army-Navy Club for a coaching session with Robert Bork, who had addressed the founding conference of the Federalist Society at Yale in 1982, and Ted Olson, the chairman of its powerful Washington chapter.  [Olson was also David Hale's attorney.]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">pp. 298-300</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The worst mistake Davis and Cammarata made was to confide all those sensitive details to their behind-the-scene advisers, a little group of committed conservatives led by Philadelphia lawyer Jerome Marcus.  (It was Marcus' name that appeared most often on the time sheets kept by the Jones lawyers, although they frequently spoke and communicated with George Conway in New York, and less often with Richard Porter in Chicago.)  Both men valued the assistance donated pro bono by the group, though they had believed from the beginning that Conway, Marcus, and Porter all were motivated more by hatred of Bill Clinton than by any desire to rescue Paula Jones.  Yet Davis and Cammarata, although Republicans themselves, wouldn't countenance the misuse of their lawsuit to advance a partisan agenda.  They took their duties as officers of the court seriously and consistently placed their client's interest ahead of politics.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fid%2F1832&ei=d4s4TKHnGISosQOJwoBS&usg=AFQjCNH9DZeqIvTUW8RRn6t4F4o-BQ7MyQ</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Susan C McMillan, anti abort who had 2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.slate.com/id/1832</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Susan Carpenter-McMillanThe woman who ate Paula Jones.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By David PlotzPosted Sunday, Sept. 21, 1997, at 3:30 AM ET</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Geo T Conway III</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And Jonathan Broder writing in SALON writes:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Last week Liesl Noll, a spokeswoman for the New York law firm of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, confirmed to Salon that a process server had tried to deliver a subpoena to one of its lawyers, George Conway III, but was unsuccessful because Conway was away. Conway's secretary told Salon that he was on vacation and unreachable. Conway did not return several messages left by Salon on his voice mail, and his whereabouts remain a mystery.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Noll confirmed that Conway, a 34-year-old conservative activist, had recently informed the firm's stunned partners that he had worked for free and without their knowledge on the Jones case, writing the crucial Supreme Court brief that successfully argued Jones' suit should proceed despite the fact that Clinton was still in office.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">... For example, the White House strongly suspects that Conway delivered portions of Linda Tripp's tapes to Newsweek and put Tripp in touch with her current lawyer, James Moody, another conservative activist."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We also suspect that Starr, and Jones' lawyers - perhaps in concert with Conway - may have schemed together to jump Lewinsky at a suburban shopping mall hotel on the 16th of January in order to scare the bejeezus out of her and admit she did have an affair with the President and that he counseled her to lie under oath.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We wonder if Conway has accepted Bennett's subpoena as yet. At least he was in his office today.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But by far the most damaging story on George Conway was by Joe Conason of the newly chic New York Observer. Conason is a terrific reporter and has a way with words. He reports that Conway is a secret adviser to Paula Jones and evaded the Bennett subpoena by suddenly "disappearing" on the 26th of January.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.americanpolitics.com/021198ConwayIII.html</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">-----</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A Vast Conspiracy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jeffrey Toobin</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://books.google.com/books?id=EUqdRPykHd0C&pg=PA402&lpg=PA402&dq=Toobin,+Jeffrey+%281999%29,+A+Vast+Conspiracy:+The+Real+Story+of+the+Sex+Scandal+That+Nearly+Brought+Down+a+President,&source=bl&ots=Gp9PmR-x8U&sig=QRxZ-gE9YwKxYmYpa88CPm5XxyE&hl=en&ei=Za04TKHNApDCsAODkOxR&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">has cast of characters, chrono</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Even before the Arkansas Project had gotten underway, Scaife personally hired a former New York Post reporter named Christopher Ruddy to write about Foster's death for the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, the daily newspaper Scaife has owned since 1969. Ruddy's stories about Foster's death – most of them challenging the suicide theory, without offering an alternative explanation – began to appear in January 1995.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scaife has funded other Clinton efforts as well: Two zealous and resourceful (and rival) public interest law firms that have pursued Clinton and his administration relentlessly, the Landmark Legal Foundation and Judicial Watch, have received more than $4 million from Scaife. Judicial Watch, which is aggressively suing several branches of the government and has questioned numerous White House officials under oath, has received $1.35 million from Scaife sources in the last two years, a large fraction of its budget.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Fund for Living American Government (FLAG), a one-man philanthropy run by William Lehrfeld, a Washington tax lawyer who has represented Scaife in the past, gave $59,000 to Paula Jones's sexual harassment suit against Clinton. FLAG has received at least $160,000 in Scaife donations. And lawyers who belong to the conservative Federalist Society, which has enjoyed Scaife support for 15 years (at least $1.5 million), were members of a secretive group who provided important legal advice to Paula Jones and who may have pulled off the key legal maneuver in the Clinton case by connecting the Jones suit and the Starr investigation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Officers of the Scaife-supported Independent Women's Forum have appeared on many television programs as Clinton critics. William J. Bennett, author of "Death of Outrage: Bill Clinton and the Assault on American Ideals," is on the board of the Sarah Scaife Foundation, and has received Scaife support as a fellow of the Heritage Foundation and other enterprises.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One of the most publicized allegations of a tie between Scaife and Clinton's enemies was the suggestion that Scaife was trying to set up independent counsel Kenneth W. Starr in a posh deanship at Pepperdine University in Malibu, Calif. Starr briefly toyed with accepting the job early in 1997.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scaife has been a generous supporter of Pepperdine, donating more than $13 million since 1962 (in personal gifts as well as foundation grants), according to the school. But Scaife and the current president of Pepperdine, David Davenport, both have said that Scaife played no role whatsoever in the offer to Starr. Scaife and Starr have said they don't know each other, and have never met.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By Robert G. Kaiser and Ira Chinoy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Washington Post Staff Writers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sunday, May 2, 1999; Page A1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">-----</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">hmmn</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Larouche:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Get Clinton!"</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As should be clear to the reader by now, Dickie Scaife's current financing and coordination of the news-media attack on President Clinton, is exactly of the same form as what Scaife has been deployed to do since the early 1970s, when he was assigned to take over Forum World Features/Kern House by the Anglophile bankers' intelligence network. Forum World Feature's specific purpose was to finance and circulate selected features and articles for the news media internationally. The Public Diplomacy'' operation in the 1980s which Scaife financed did exactly the same thing as FWF, including orchestrating news media attacks on targetted adversaries.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Columbia Journalism Review put it slightly more politely in a 1981 profile of Scaife: It said that he has made the formation of public opinion both his business and his avocation.... Scaife could claim to have done more than any other individual in the past five or six years to influence the way in which Americans think about their country and the world.''</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Today, almost on a weekly basis, one can pick up a newspaper and find full-page ads on the Vincent Foster death, reprinting articles written by Christopher Ruddy for Scaife's Greensburg (now Pittsburgh'') Tribune-Review. The ads are paid for by Scaife, with funds laundered through the Western Journalism Center (WJC). WJC also occasionally reprints articles by the British Intelligence stringer and London Sunday Telegraph Washington correspondent Ambrose Evans-Pritchard--who also writes directly for the Tribune Review.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other ads promoting theories about the alleged coverup of the Vincent Foster death can also be found, produced by Accuracy in Media (AIM), another group bankrolled by Scaife since the 1970s, and long known for its defense of the CIA against any attacks, not to mention its protection of George Bush's drug-running Contras in the 1980s. Currently, Scaife's foundations are AIM's largest contributors, having given them $630,000 from 1989-93.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The WJC and AIM also produce features on the Foster case for newspapers and television programs. AIM's Reed Irvine has a weekly broadcast on National Empowerment Television (NET), a cable channel founded by Paul Weyrich's Free Congress Foundation, to which Scaife gives about $1 million a year.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At the end of 1993, the Whitewater scandals against President Clinton, which had been dormant since the 1992 primaries, were revved up again with the publication of the Troopergate'' story in the British-linked American Spectator. Already in the 1970s, Scaife had given over $1 million to the American Spectator's publishers, and this has continued to the present day; between 1989 and 1993, Scaife gave $1.3 million to the American Spectator Educational Fund for research'' and other purposes.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another top purveyor of Vincent Foster conspiracy theories is Strategic Investment newsletter, run by former Times of London editor Lord William Rees-Mogg, and James Dale Davidson, chairman of the National Taxpayers Union, also Scaife-funded. Davidson has produced a video jointly with the Western Journalism Center called Unanswered: The Death of Vincent Foster.''</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What does Scaife himself say about all this? Very little publicly, but, in a rare interview he gave to the New York Times in 1995, he proclaimed, The death of Vincent Foster: I think it's the Rosetta Stone to the whole Clinton administration,'' adding that Foster's death had the potential to become the political story of the century.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The other major means by which Scaife finances attacks on the President--apart from his funding of House Speaker Newt Gingrich's GOPAC and right-wing think-tanks such as the Heritage Foundation--is through the cluster of right-wing legal foundations and litigation centers. Prominent among these (see Documentation, p.|67 in our previous issue's installment) is the Landmark Legal Foundation, which has offered advice and assistance to Paula Jones in her sexual-harassment claim against Clinton, and which has ensconced itself in other Whitewater-related matters.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another, similar Scaife-financed organization is the Washington Legal Foundation, previously known as the Capital Legal Foundation. On its Legal Policy Advisory Board are Whitewater independent counsel Kenneth Starr, John Norton Moore of the University of Virginia Law School, and Massachusetts governor and former LaRouche prosecutor William Weld. On its National Board of Advisers are Senators Fred Thompson (Tenn.) and Orrin Hatch (Utah)--both involved in Senate investigations of the Clintons--and Jesse Helms, who played a role in the dumping of the first Whitewater independent counsel and his replacement with Kenneth Starr.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The work of Scaife's network of conservative legal foundations is overseen by the Washington-based National Legal Center for the Public Interest (NLCPI), which he, of course, also funds. One of the directors of NLCPI is David Davenport, president of Pepperdine University; Scaife is on Pepperdine's board of trustees. Davenport and Scaife also sit together on the advisory board of the Hoover Institution for War, Revolution and Peace in Palo Alto, California.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It is David Davenport who has offered Bush-leaguer Kenneth Starr a cushy position at Pepperdine University, financed in large part by Scaife, when Starr wraps up his investigation and legal assault on President Clinton as the Whitewater independent counsel. Starr may be independent'' of the administration, but he is certainly not independent of Dickie Scaife.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hunting Pres JC says help front CIA prop p 108</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">hated BC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Olson met w/ troopergate guys. indicted?  p 109</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">scaife funded IWF hunt 261</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Starr's law firm contacted the Independent Womens Forum to see if they would sign on a proposed legal brief opposing President Clinton's claim of immunity in Paula Jones' sexual harassment lawsuit.145 Those discussions should have been disclosed. The Scaife-funded IWF grew out of the informal "Women for Clarence Thomas" in 1991.146 IWF was founded by by Barabra Olson, wife of Theodore Olson, the former Starr law partner, and a funder of the Federalist Society.</font></div></div>