Open in TheBrain

spicer, sean

---

includes white house press corps

merri ok

ODD EPSTEIN RUSSIAGATE TRaitor reboot w kraken pwl crm 4

in pursuit of?

---

still at kennedy school?

---

---

MMA

Right-wing media run wild with the blatantly false claim that Democrats are shutting down the government to secure “health care for illegals”

The New York Times noted a “misleading” Republican talking point on the looming shutdown. That talking point is all over right-wing media.

Written by Gideon Taaffe, Isabella Sherk & Pete Tsipis

Published 09/30/25

Right-wing media are pushing a lie that Democrats are threatening to shut down the government over “free health care for illegal immigrants” and want to “blow up the budget” for “illegal aliens” even though undocumented immigrants are not eligible for federally funded health benefits.

The Democrats are actually pushing to extend subsidies for the Affordable Care Act without which millions of Americans could face significantly higher health care premiums and lose access to health care. Additionally, Democrats are pushing to reverse cuts to federally funded health care that were passed under Trump's “One Big Beautiful Bill” in July.

//

  1. ### Sean Hannity: “I don't care if the government shuts down”

09/30/25 12:35 PM EDT

  1. ### Benny Johnson: “I feel like most workers in the federal government are nonessential. I think most of them could be replaced by an AI chatbot, frankly.”

09/30/25 12:13 PM EDT

  1. ### Newsmax host: “Let's not pretend that the idea of a government shutdown isn't somewhat alluring to most of us”

09/30/25

---

---

SEE TRAITOR BS 7 25

NY Times reported John Durham found the “Clinton Plan” emails were likely created by Russian spies. Right-wing media are running with them as legitimate.

Figures have suggested Clinton should be “behind bars,” argued the debunked scandal will “make Watergate look like a jaywalking ticket,” and likened it to a “soft coup attempt” and “treason”

Written by Noah Dowe, Pete Tsipis & Lis Power

:{:{Published 08/01/25}:

The right-wing media ecosystem has exploded with false claims about a newly-declassified annex to special counsel John Durham’s report on Russian collusion with Trump’s 2016 campaign. Right-wing media are claiming that the annex provides evidence of a “plot” by the Clinton campaign to undermine then-candidate Donald Trump. However, the newly-declassified assessment found that the documents in question were “not credible” and “likely made by Russian spies.”

Conservative media figures have ignored this assessment, instead calling for Hillary Clinton to be put “behind bars” for coordinating a “soft coup attempt.” And although they previously heralded Durham’s efforts, some in right-wing media are now arguing he “failed the American people.”

Citation

Fox News

Citation

Fox Business

Citation

Fox News

//

  1. ### Fox News has mentioned Obama over 3 times more than Epstein since Tulsi Gabbard released her report

07/23/25 4:07 PM EDT

  1. ### Fox News since Monday: 85 minutes talking about Sydney Sweeney, 3 minutes talking about Epstein

07/31/25 2:12 PM EDT

  1. ### Fox News has aired 168 segments about Tulsi Gabbard's revisionist claims regarding Russia, Obama, and the 2016 election

07/30/25

:{---


GGL 7 25

Senator Roger Marshall (.gov)

Senator Marshall: Jerome ‘Too Late’ Powell

On Wednesday, U.S. Senator Roger Marshall, M.D. (R-Kansas), joined Sean Spicer on The Sean Spicer Show to discuss the tenure of Federal...

.4 days ago

C-SPAN

Former Trump Press Secretary Sean Spicer on Biden's Comepetency

Former Trump Press Secretary Sean Spicer on Biden's Comepetency · Clip From · Short Takes · Topics · Resources · Hosting Organization · People...

.1 month ago

The Baltimore Banner

Trump appoints Sean Spicer to Naval Academy board after firing ‘woke’ members

The president named his former press secretary and “Dancing with the Stars” alum Sean Spicer to the board. Spicer, who...

.Mar 10, 2025

The New York Times

Opinion | Sean Spicer Has Regrets. But He Still Believes in Trump.

Sean Spicer Has Regrets. But He Still Believes in Trump. ... Mr. Spicer served as Donald Trump's first White House press secretary. Mr. Ellick is...

.Jan 19, 2025

MSNBC News

Trump reruns the Sean Spicer post-inauguration playbook with Hegseth presser

Trump reruns the Sean Spicer post-inauguration playbook with Hegseth presser. “It is just like the inauguration crowd fight. But this time, the stakes are so...

.1 month ago

WhoWhatWhy

Donald Trump Only Likes Winning Numbers

Numbers that make President Trump look like a loser drive him insane.

.1 day ago

TheWrap

Sean Spicer Predicts Karine Jean-Pierre Is Still 'Team Biden'

Spicer, who served as Trump's press secretary for only a few months in 2017 before going on to “Dancing With the Stars,” argued that, “Jean-...

.Jun 4, 2025

South China Morning Post

Who is former Trump press secretary Sean Spicer’s wife, Rebecca Miller Spicer?

Who is former Trump press secretary Sean Spicer's wife, Rebecca Miller Spicer? The communications executive worked for George W. Bush, studied...

.Jan 24, 2025

NewsNation

Zelenskyy ‘weakened his hand’ post tense Trump exchange: Sean Spicer

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy lacked diplomacy and preparation in a tense meeting with President Donald Trump, which will undoubtedly hurt him.

.Feb 28, 2025

WPRI.com

Community Focus: Sean Spicer, former White House Press Secretary

Sean Spicer, who was Donald Trump's press secretary during the president's first term, joined 12 News at 4 to talk about why he feels a second Trump...

.Jan 21, 2025

---

https://www.alternet.org/sean-spicer-pearl-harbor-blunder/

==

oily origins?

Fri, 2010-05-28

Brad Johnson over at The WONK ROOM reports:

The American Energy Alliance (AEA), a new polluter front group, is touring the nation to smear President Barack Obama’s clean energy reform agenda. Employees riding the “American Energy Express” bus are spreading the conservative lies that the American Clean Energy and Security Act will “cripple our sluggish economy.” AEA is the 501 c(4) offshoot of the Institute for Energy Research, a right-wing oil-industry think tank run by Robert Bradley, a former speechwriter for Kenneth Lay. E&E News reports that AEA’s “Energy Town Hall” bus tour [pictures workers in hard hats:

The American Energy Alliance, which is affiliated with the conservative Institute for Energy Research, has begun a four-week bus tour to county fairs, sporting events and public meetings in several coal-reliant states. Representatives of the group will travel in a large blue bus carrying the slogan “Stop the National Energy Tax, Save American Jobs” and a picture of workers in hard hats. They will cross Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia and Virginia. Yesterday, AEA officials participated in a rally with another group, Americans for Prosperity, in Zanesville, Ohio; a day earlier, they visited a county fair in western Pennsylvania.

In fact, by attacking legislation that addresses climate change and our national dependence on fossil fuels, AEA is preventing a clean-energy economic boom. Laughably, AEA claims it has “no ties to any political party“:

American Energy Alliance staffers Kevin Kennedy, Patrick Creighton, and Laura Henderson on tour in Pennsylvania. All are former House GOP staff.

AEA may be telling the truth that it has “no interest in supporting the agenda of any particular political party” — its only interest seems to be blocking progressive reform by spreading lies and distortions. However, AEA is tightly connected to the Republican Party and right-wing oil interests. In fact, all of its employees are former House Republican staffers:

Thomas J. Pyle, AEA President, Is A Oil Lobbyist And DeLay Operative. Before joining the Institute for Energy Research and the American Energy Alliance, Pyle worked as a lobbyist for the right-wing oil giant Koch Industries, first in-house starting in 2001, and then at the Rhoads Group. In 2008 Pyle became a lobbyist for the National Petrochemical and Refiners Association. Previously, Pyle served as policy analyst for Rep. Tom DeLay (R-TX), Majority Whip of the U.S. House of Representatives and as staff director for the GOP Congressional Western Caucus. Pyle started as a legislative assistant for radical anti-environmentalists Rep. Richard Pombo (R-CA) and Rep. George Radanovich (R-CA). [Institute for Energy Research, Center for Public Integrity]

Patrick Creighton, AEA Communications Director, Worked For Bush And Pennsylvania Republicans. Patrick Creighton was the special assistant to Samuel T. Mok, the chief financial officer at the Department of Labor from 2004 to 2006. He then worked as a spokesman for oil and natural gas advocate Rep. John Peterson (R-PA) from 2006 to 2009, worked to elect Rep. Glenn Thompson (R-PA), then joined Thompson’s office until May 2009. [Institute for Energy Research, Legistorm]

Kevin Kennedy, AEA Federal Affairs Director, Promoted Alaska Drilling Under Don Young. After graduating from Union College in 2004, Kevin Kennedy worked for the Astroturf organization Arctic Power, which advocated drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. In 2007, Kennedy became a legislative assistant for the corrupt Rep. Don Young (R-AK) and the House Committee on Natural Resources. He joined the Institute for Energy Research and American Energy Alliance in 2009. [Institute for Energy Research]

Laura Henderson, AEA Spokesperson, Served Shelby, Dole, And Tiberi. Laura Henderson was a former press secretary for offshore drilling advocate Sen. Richard Shelby (R-AL) from 2005-2009. Previously, she worked for former Sen. Elizabeth Dole (R-NC) and Rep. Pat Tiberi (R-OH). [Institute for Energy Research]

Daniel R. Simmons, AEA State Affairs Director, Is A Koch-Funded GOP Staffer. Simmons was the Director of the Natural Resources Task Force at the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a right-wing network funded by Koch Industries, the American Petroleum Institute, and other corporate and right-wing organizations. Previously, Simmons was a Research Fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, also funded by Koch. From 2001 to 2005, Simmons served on the staff of Rep. George Nethercutt (R-WA) on the House Natural Resources Committee. Simmons holds a B.A. in Economics from Utah State University and a J.D. from George Mason University School of Law, also supported by Koch Industries. [Institute for Energy Research, Legistorm]

Furthermore, AEA’s EnergyTownHall.org website is run by yet another former GOP House staffer:

GOP.gov Webmaster Nathan Imperiale Runs EnergyTownHall.Org.  AEA’s EnergyTownHall.org was designed by NJI Media Group, part of Endeavour Global Strategies. Endeavour’s head, Sean Spicer, is a long-time GOP operative, including communications work for the House Republican Conference and the Bush White House. NJI Media Group’s president, Nathan Imperiale, served as Director of New Media for the House Republican Conference, building its GOP.gov website. [Twitter,2/13/09; Endeavour Global Strategies]

AEA’s “American Energy Express” joins a field crowded by conservative oil and coal propaganda — the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity’s “Factuality” bus tour, the American Petroleum Institute’s “Energy Citizens” oil rallies, and the Americans For Prosperity “Hot Air” balloon tour.

Update At Free Advice, Institute for Energy Research economist Bob Murphy writes that Paul Krugman doesn't understand tea party protesters because he doesn't care about checks on government power like they do, and continues:

So, by symmetry, I think people on "our side" should realize that the great masses of Americans who are for health care reform and climate legislation (and it pains me to not put scare quotes around those phrases) aren't actually closet socialists who want to bring America to its knees.

By Brad Johnson at The WONK ROOM.

---

https://www.**sourcewatch.**org/index.php/Endeavour_Global_Strategies

stub

endeavour Global Strategies is a public relations firm started in February, 2009 by three Washington, D.C. Republican operatives, Gretchen Hamel, Sean Spicer and Nathan Imperiale. Hamel is a former GOP Congressional staffer and Spicer and Imperiale are former Bush Administration staffers.[1][2] Hamel is also executive director of the conservative policy group Public Notice, and heads up a media project/front group called Bankrupting America, that attacks government stimulus and spending, and promotes budget cuts. Hamel refuses to disclose who is funding Bankrupting America.

Endeavour has run media campaigns in China, Ghana, India, Colombia, Russia, Switzerland, Korea, Brazil, Malaysia, Cambodia, Peru, Singapore, Belgium, Australia and Vietnam. and also runs international print, radio, online, and television media, as boasts that it has "contacts with outside stakeholders, business leaders, and government officials to benefit our clients." The company creates, directs, and produces videos; designs and constructs websites; authors promotional opinion pieces, press statements and press releases; and provides advice to members of Congress, high ranking U.S. government and military officials, foreign leaders, corporations, and associations to help burnish the public's perception of them.[3]

Endeavour works to control adverse news about its clients by preempting unfavorable stories and creating favorable information to feed to the media. The company website states,

In today's global 24-hour news cycle, breaking news comes from anywhere in the world, at anytime. Getting ahead of the story by preempting it or responding rapidly makes an enormous difference. Endeavour helps clients control breaking news by framing the issue and an organization during the first few critical hours. Endeavour's worldwide media contacts and experience give its clients an advantage. We are able to spread a client's message from East to West Coast, from New Delhi to Beijing, to Bogotá and back.[4]

Sourcewatch resources

retchen D.K. Hamel is a founder and former partner of the public relations firm Endeavour Global Strategies. She is currently (in 2011) executive director of a Republican policy think tank called Public Notice, which in 2011 operates a program called Bankrupting America that spends millions running ad campaigns attacking government spending and stimulus, and promoting federal budget cuts.

Before founding the PR firm, Hamel was Deputy Assistant U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) for Public and Media Affairs, and was the spokeswoman on trade for the George W. Bush Administration. While at USTR, Hamel planned media events for U.S. Trade Representative Susan C. Schwab. Hamel helped craft and carry out the longest-running White House PR campaign ever, promoting passage of free trade agreements which tend to send jobs overseas. Before working for the Bush Administration, Hamel spent four years on Capitol Hill as Deputy Press Secretary for Oklahoma Congressman J.C. Watts. She also worked as Communications Director for Texas Congressman John Carter. In 2005 Hamel was chief spokesperson and press secretary for the House Republican Conference, where she helped promote the extension of the Bush-era tax cuts for the wealthy, renewal of voting rights act, and passage of border security and energy bills. In 2011, she is executive director of Public Notice, a Washington-based think tank. Her affiliations have been primarily Republican, and her own media appearances have been predominantly on the Fox News Channel.[1]

Contents

Koch connections

Hamel was an attendee at the Koch brothers' June, 2010 strategy meeting. ^[2]

Sourcewatch resources

External resources

---

https://www.alternet.org/2022/02/sean-spicer/

wrong on jobs prediction

---

Climate deniers are going all in with disinfo for COP26 (Sorry, Teslas really do produce fewer emissions)

As the world gears up for the COP26 climate negotiations in Glasgow next week, deniers are already laying the groundwork for the disinformation they’ll peddle in a hopefully-vain attempt to recreate their success in using Climategate disinformation to disrupt the Copenhagen COP.

While every year brings a new and exciting display of denial, a few recent stories stand out as top candidates for the fossil fueled opposition to latch onto when confronted with the possibility that letting polluters profit our planet to death is a bad idea.By Climate Denier Roundup

Though we can expect some totally-unhinged and unsubstantiated claims about banning beef, one of the biggest recurring arguments is also one of the most misleading, that the Texas blackouts offer a warning of what climate policies will make common.

For example, Sean Spicer, who hasn’t quite danced his Trump-stained reputation clean yet, has a new book out, and theKoch-funded RealClear ran an excerpt. It opens with a heart-tugging story about a 12 year old who died of hypothermia, and then quickly exploits the child’s death to score cheap, and completely false, political points. The 80+ deaths “were caused by political decisions,” Spicer writes, and “the tragedy of the Texas blackout was partially the result of the growth of the green energy industry.”

But the majority of the responsibility for the blackouts can be laid at the fossil fuel industry’s failure to do the one thing it claims it does best: Be reliable.

That reliability claim is also at the core of another strain of disinformation we’re seeing around COP26, which is the suggestion that the Teslas parked at the Gleneagles Hotel that the VIPs will use in Glasgow are going to be charged by diesel generators. “Couldn’t make it up,” one viral tweet claimed.

It was used as the basis for a ZeroHedge story, and the same narrative has been picked up by the UK’s Spectator magazine, and the climate denial blog Watts Up With That.

The problem? Well, it turns out you could make it up, and they did, as it turns out it’s Jaguar-brand electric vehicles they’re using, not Teslas, and while the COP26 crew may use supplemental generators to charge the vehicles somewhere, Gleneagles Hotel has denied setting up any chargers, while conference organizers told Alastair Dalton for the Scotsman that any spare generators are going to be filled with cooking waste oil, AKA biodiesel, not petroleum-based diesel.

Although unreasonable for faux-populist conservatives to attack the rich elite pushing for climate action, it does seem odd that they’re apparently incapable of doing so in an honest way, despite that being so very, very easy to do.

For example, a recent New York Post op-ed does a fine job of criticizing the billionaire boy’s club of Bezos, Musk, Gates, and Jobs(‘s widow), but also throws in some fakery for good measure.

While Paula Froelich is correct that “the electric cars made by Musk’s Tesla are not emissions free,”she then goes on to claim that the Wall Street Journal showed that “building one of his cars actually generates more emissions because of the metals needed for its lithium-ion batteries.”

But when you click through to the WSJ story, the subheadline notes that while “there are caveats”, “EVs produce fewer emissions overall than their gas-powered counterparts.” That’s because while the manufacturing of an electric vehicle requires more materials than a gas-powered car, the pollution from refueling far outweighs that initial difference.

Drive a Tesla for more than (at most) 20,000 miles, and you’ve broken even on emissions.

Drive it for a car’s average lifespan of 150,000 miles, and not only has the EV cost you less in ownership (because electricity is cheaper than gas) but you’ve also generated less than half as much pollution.

So if they had ordered and produced new electric cars for the COP26, and then immediately scrapped them afterwards, then yes, that would be hypocritical and wasteful. But the UK government has already said that the cars “have all been sourced from existing fleets in the UK,” so there’s not even that initial manufacturing pollution to count, dramatically improving the emissions footprint.

But, as one local environmental campaigner, Colin Howden, told the Scotsman, what they could’ve done to reduce emissions even further (and avoid this issue all together) is have the dignitaries take advantage of the “fleet of new electric buses” in Glasgow.

(Originally appeared at DailyKos.)

---

ref his 3rd bk?!

https://www.amazon.com/RADICAL-NATION-Harriss-Dangerous-America-ebook/dp/B09BR5WCPJ

RADICAL NATION makes it clear what is at stake. If you want to Save America you must read this—it is MAGA all the way.” — PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP

“RADICAL NATION is a must-read. Spicer presents a clear and concise understating of the direction we are headed and provides the tools and tactics necessary to combat it.“ — NEWT GINGRICH

...

Editorial Reviews

Review

Praise for RADICAL NATION: Joe Biden and Kamala Harris’s Dangerous Plan for America by Sean Spicer

"RADICAL NATION makes it clear what is at stake. If you want to Save America you must read this—it is MAGA all the way.”

— PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP

“RADICAL NATION is a must-read. Spicer presents a clear and concise understating of the direction we are headed and provides the tools and tactics necessary to combat it.“

— NEWT GINGRICH, FORMER SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE & NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLING AUTHOR

“The Biden-Harris regime is pushing discredited policies that will destroy the very fabric of America. RADICAL NATION provides us with background on the direction they could take us, and ways we can fight back and win.”

— DAN BONGINO, NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLING AUTHOR

“RADICAL NATION is critically important. My friend Sean perfectly diagnoses the problems with the Biden presidency and what we can do to save our nation.”

— CHARLIE KIRK, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, TURNING POINT USA & NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLING AUTHOR

“This is a must read for every parent, student, business owner and concerned citizen. No matter where you are politically, if you want to know where we are headed as a country, please read RADICAL NATION.”

— MERCEDES SCHLAPP, WHITE HOUSE DIRECTOR OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS FOR TRUMP ADMINISTRATION

“Joe Biden never intended to unify the country and if you’re concerned about where his policies will lead us and want to know what it takes to push back, you must read RADICAL NATION.”

— DANA LOESCH, NATIONALLY SYNDICATED HOST OF THE DANA SHOW

“RADICAL NATION is a point-by-point reminder of the damage already done. Every patriotic Americans need to arm themselves with a copy of this book.”

— DAVID HOROWITZ, NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLING AUTHOR OF BIG AGENDA, DARK AGENDA&BLITZ

“Sean Spicer goes boldly forth in RADICAL NATION to outline the true anti-American threats of the Biden-Harris administration — then just as boldly, to offer workable, feasible, doable solutions. He’s injected a much-needed jolt of optimism into these dark, progressive-socialist political times. Well-written, well-researched, comprehensive and even better, from a reader’s perspective: utterly interesting!”

— CHERYL K. CHUMLEY, AUTHOR OF SOCIALISTS DON’T SLEEP *&LOCKDOWN*

--This text refers to the hardcover edition.

Review

Praise for THE BRIEFING: Politics, The Press, and The President by Sean Spicer

"A story told with both heart and knowledge. Really good, go get it!" — President Donald J. Trump

"Great Guy. Great Read. Great Book!" — Vice President Mike Pence

“One of the best reads of 2018." — Sean Hannity

"The book is well worth your time." — Megyn Kelly

New York Times Bestseller

Wall Street Journal Bestseller

USA Today Bestseller

Los Angeles Times Bestseller

Publisher’s Weekly Bestseller

Conservative Book Club Bestseller

Praise for LEADING AMERICA: President Trump's Commitment to People, Patriotism, and Capitalism by Sean Spicer

"Leading America explains exactly why the election this November is even more important than the last, so we can continue Making America Great Again!"

―President Donald J. Trump

"Sean has experienced first hand what our movement and everyone in it faces from the Left and what they're willing to do to stop President Trump and our agenda. He lays out not only how they've infiltrated every major institution - but HOW we can take them back. A must read."

―Rush Limbaugh

:{:{"In Sean's new book, }:Leading America:{, he gives conservatives an inside account of how liberal bias works so they can combat it. Through personal stories and a sense of humor, he reminds us that liberal elites do not speak for the overwhelming majority of Americans. Whether on college campuses, on the internet, or in popular culture, conservatives need to understand how they are being silenced in order to make their voices heard."}::{}:

―Ambassador Nikki Haley}:

"Now more than ever we need President Trump Leading America, this book makes the case. Read it and vote."

―Sarah Huckabee Sanders, New York Times bestselling author

"The media has become puppets of the Left, Sean explains how what they're doing can damage the fabric of our country and why we must stop them

―Governor Mike Huckabee

"Leading America is a must read. Sean Spicer has seen first hand how the left threatens our American values because of their stronghold on Hollywood, Big Tech, academia, and the media, and his book shows how President Trump will lead us through this battle victorious."

―Representative Steve Scalise (LA)

"The Left has completely lost their minds. In Leading America Sean lays out their strategy and more importantly how to stop them."

―David Webb, host of Reality Check on Fox Nation, Fox News contributor and The Hill columnist.

"Sean's book is a fascinating breakdown of the critical culture and political battles going on right now. The book dives into these fights and gives you the essential details you need to win the fight for the future"

―Dan Bongino, New York Times bestselling author and host of The Dan Bongino Show

---

Product details

---

AP june 2017

WASHINGTON (AP) — Does he or doesn’t he? Believe in climate change, that is.

You’d think that would be an easy enough question the day after President Donald Trump announced he was pulling the U.S. out of the landmark global accord aimed at combatting global warming.

But don’t bother asking at the White House.

“I have not had an opportunity to have that discussion” with the president, responded Press Secretary Sean Spicer on Friday.

“You should ask him that,” offered White House Counselor Kellyanne Conway.

Environmental Protection Agency chief Scott Pruitt dodged the question, too.

The president also ignored it during an unrelated bill-signing.

It’s quite a reversal for Trump, who spent years publicly bashing the idea of global warming as a “hoax” and “total con job” in books, interviews and tweets. He openly challenged the scientific consensus that the climate is changing and man-made carbon emissions are largely to blame.

“Global warming is an expensive hoax!” he tweeted in 2014.

But Trump has been largely silent on the issue since his election last fall. On Thursday, he made scarce mention of it in his lengthy remarks announcing America’s exit from the Paris accord. Instead, he framed his decision as based on economics.

Here’s what he’s said before:

---

TRUMP’S TWEETS:

The president’s twitter feed once was filled with references to “so-called” global warming being a “total con job” based on “faulty science and manipulated data.”

An Associated Press search of his twitter archives revealed at least 90 instances in which he has referred to “global warming” and “climate change” since 2011. In nearly every instance, he expressed skepticism or mockery.

“This very expensive GLOBAL WARMING bulls--- has got to stop,” he wrote in January 2014, spelling out the vulgarity.

Often the president has pointed to cold weather as evidence the climate scientists are wrong.

“It’s 46 (really cold) and snowing in New York on Memorial Day — tell the so-called “scientists” that we want global warming right now!” he wrote in May 2013 — one of several instances in which he said that warming would be welcome.

“Where the hell is global warming when you need it?” he asked in January 2015.

The same message was echoed in the president’s books.

In “Great Again: How to Fix Our Crippled America,” Trump made a reference to “the mistaken belief that global climate change is being caused by carbon emissions.”

“If you don’t buy that — and I don’t — then what we have is really just an expensive way of making the tree-huggers feel good about themselves,” he wrote.

---

CANDIDATE AND SKEPTIC:

“I’m not a believer in man-made global warming,” Trump told conservative radio host Hugh Hewitt in September 2015, after launching his bid for the White House. He bemoaned the fact that the U.S. was investing money and doing things “to solve a problem that I don’t think in any major fashion exists.”

“I am not a believer,” he added, “Unless somebody can prove something to me ... I am not a believer and we have much bigger problems.” LOMBORG SHUFFLE?]

By March 2016, the president appeared to allow that the climate was changing — but continued to doubt humans were to blame.

“I think there’s a change in weather. I am not a great believer in man-made climate change. I’m not a great believer,” he told The Washington Post. “There is certainly a change in weather,” he said.

Then-campaign manager, Conway explained Trump’s view this way: “He believes that global warming is naturally occurring. That there are shifts naturally occurring.”

---

EVOLVING PRESIDENT:

In an interview with The New York Times in November, after the election, Trump was asked repeatedly whether he intended to leave the Paris accord and appeared to have a new open-mindedness.

“I’m looking at it very closely,” Trump told the newspaper. “I have an open mind to it. We’re going to look very carefully.”

He went on to say that he thought “there is some connectivity” between human activity and the changing climate, but that, “It depends on how much.”

Asked about the comment several days later, Trump’s now-chief of staff Reince Priebus told Fox News that Trump “has his default position, which is that most of it is a bunch of bunk.”

“But he’ll have an open mind and listen to people,” he said.

Stay tuned.

---

https://www.alternet.org/2017/06/spicer-uses-what-george-orwell-called-duckspeak/

---

air force? pension plan?

Don't you dare': Sean Spicer freaks out after Jen Psaki questions his role military academy board

Bob Brigham Raw Story

September 08, 2021

Former Donald Trump press secretary Sean Spicer announced on Wednesday that he will pursue legal action after being fired by the Biden administration.

Spicer and Kellyanne Conway were told they had until the end of the day to resign or be fired for boards governing U.S. military academies.

At 6 p.m. eastern, the exact time Conway had said was the deadline, Spicer appeared on Newsmax.

"Tonight, all Trump appointees — including myself — have been kicked off the boards of the United States Naval Academy, Air Force Academy, and West Point in an unprecedented move by the Biden administration," Spicer said.

And he also lashed out at current White House press secretary Jen Psaki.

"I will let others evaluate whether they think Kellyanne Conway and Sean Spicer and others were qualified, or not political, to serve on these boards, but the President's qualification requirements are not your party registration, they are whether you're qualified to serve and whether you're aligned with the values of this administration," Psaki said at Wednesday's press briefing.

"Don't you dare ever minimize or question my service to this nation! You got it?" Spicer said.

:{:{}:

BREAKING: As the Biden administration attempts to remove Trump appointees from their Military Academy boards,… https://t.co/QiiwMnY8mh

— Newsmax (@Newsmax) 1631139596.0

}:

FROM YOUR SITE ARTICLES

RELATED ARTICLES AROUND THE WEB

-

===

https://www.alternet.org/2020/03/pence-secretly-meeting-with-right-wing-media-personalities-on-how-to-spin-trumps-virus-crisis-report/

no lnx

Pence secretly meeting with right-wing media personalities on how to spin Trump’s virus crisis: report

Written by Tom Boggioni / Raw Story March 17, 2020

As part of his duties overseeing the task force in charges of dealing with the coronavirus pandemic, Vice President Mike Pence has been holding secret meetings with prominent right-wing “influencers” on how to spin Donald Trump’s administration’s efforts to contain the growing health crisis.

According to a report from the Daily Beast, the outreach began at the annual CPAC conference long before the administration had any idea what they were dealing with, the report notes.

“The direct outreach occurred on Thursday, Feb. 27—the day after Trump tapped Pence to lead the task force. There, the vice president hosted an informal briefing on COVID-19 and the administration’s latest efforts, with several right-leaning personalities with large followings on Twitter and other social media platforms, according to a source with direct knowledge of the gathering,” the Beast reports, adding, “The following Wednesday, Pence hosted another closed-door meeting with conservative ‘influencers,’ with this one lasting for roughly an hour in the vice president’s office on White House grounds.”

Among those Vice President Pence has been reaching out to are “Fox New fixture and prolific MAGA tweeterDan Bongino; former Trump adviser and current “War Room: 2020” podcast host Jason Miller; Newsmax TV host and Trump’s former press secretary Sean Spicer; former White House official and Sinclair ‘must-run’ commentator Boris Epshteyn; Sinclair anchorand ex-Fox News host Eric Bolling; and former Rep. Jack Kingston (R-GA), a Trump surrogate.”

The report notes that the outreach illustrates that White House knows it has a public relations problem of epic proportions on its hands and needs all Trump-supporting hands on deck, who are being used to praise the president while at the same time lashing out the media for their coverage of the administration’s failures.

“For weeks the Trump administration’s coronavirus task force has struggled to maintain continuity in messaging, with different departments seemingly operating off of different scripts and with different ideas about how to disseminate information to the public. Part of that tension is internal, with a White House and a president having been desperate to calm the markets at a time when state governments are calling for help amid rising death tolls,” the report continued. “Through it all, the vice president’s office, and communications teams on the task force, have tried to minimize the noise, calm Americans, and relentlessly lauded the president’s response to the outbreak in the U.S. The efforts to loop in conservative influencers has been seen as a way to maneuver beyond the regular briefings to the White House press corps and reach a different and more sympathetic media cohort. “

Defending the meetings, Pence chief of staff Marc Short described their efforts by stating, “The vice president has said that he wants to get as much information out to the American people as possible… There are a lot of different channels of communication. It’s not just press briefings every day, it’s not just TV interviews… There’s a whole lot of different streams of information. And one of those is surrogates.”

You can read more here.

==

'Was Goebbels unavailable?’: ABC blasted for ‘normalizing fascism’ by putting Sean Spicer on ‘Dancing With the Stars’

David Badash / The New Civil Rights Movement

“Remember when Spicer talked about ‘Holocaust centers’ and defended Hitler, saying he didn’t use chemical weapons? That should have had actual repercussions. And should now too.”

---

crept out furtively like a swollen possum into the daylight, blinking in anticipation of a round of boos that never came. Less than two months after resigning as Donald Trump's White House communications director, and four days after making his late-night debut on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", Sean Spicer assumed his new place in the public consciousness—as Stephen Colbert'sspecial guest at the 2017 Emmy Awards.

"This is the largest audience to witness an Emmys, period!" Spicer yelped. "Both in person and around the world."

It was a television moment that wasn't, an absurd apologia for one of his most shameless lies to the American people and a nod to Melissa McCarthy's impression of him on SNL. It was also a harrowing glimpse into the not-too-distant future, when Trump administration officials may be warmly embraced by the same media they have devoted themselves to vilifying and discrediting.

In his six months as press secretary, Spicer trampled every norm and standard of decency he deemed expedient, all in the service of a president many medical professionals believe to be a sociopath. In addition to lying about Trump's inauguration crowd size, Spicer argued that Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad was worse than Hitler because "even he didn't use chemical weapons against his own people," unwittingly parroting Nazi-era propaganda about German Jews. He referred to concentration camps as "Holocaust centers" in the same press conference.

Spicer also scolded April Ryan, a prominent member of the White House press corps and one of its few black women, for "shaking her head," among myriad indignities large and small. His punishment? A kiss from the "Late Late Show's" James Corden and a teaching fellowship at the Institute of Politics at Harvard Kennedy School.

Spicer isn't the only administration official to be handsomely rewarded for greasing America's track to authoritarianism. Joining him at Harvard as a visiting professor is Corey Lewandowski, the lobbyist and former Trump campaign manager who was charged with battery after grabbing Breitbart reporter Michelle Fields' arm at a campaign event in Florida last year, leaving her bruised and traumatized. (Lewandowski was never prosecuted.) More recently, he was sued for intimidating his neighbors with a baseball bat and threatening to use his political connections to make their lives a "nightmare."

Lewandowski was a fixture on CNN until his resignation two days after Trump's election, and it's not difficult to imagine his return. The media landscape is littered with the alumni of the last inept and kleptocratic Republican administration; some have even emerged as leading voices in the #Resistance.

On any given night, Ari Fleischer, who sold an illegal war of occupation in Iraq as George W. Bush's press secretary, can be found opining on Jeff Zucker's network. David Frum, one of W's former speechwriters, has landed at the Atlantic as a senior editor, where he pens features and books with titles like "How to Build an Autocracy" and "Trumpocracy: The Corruption of the American Republic." And while Jeffrey Goldberg never served in the Bush administration, the tens of thousands of words he devoted to Saddam Hussein's bogus ties to Al Qaeda have not disqualified him from becoming the Atlantic's editor in chief.

The media have proven no less amnesiac in their assessment of the Trump administration's acting officials. For all the stars adorning the lapels of John Kelly, H.R. McMaster and James Mattis, each has helped author enduring quagmires in Afghanistan, Iraq or both. And still they're treated as the proverbial adults in the room, even as Trump's presidency lists ever closer to military rule, with three generals assuming more and more responsibilities of basic governance. If none of these men can be held accountable for the deaths of thousands of U.S. soldiers and hundreds of times as many Arab civilians, what hope do we have of keeping a chastened Sean Spicer off of Carpool Karaoke? How many years away are we from Sarah Huckabee Sanders having her own show on MSNBC?

The Czech novelist Milan Kundera once wrote that, "the struggle of man against power is the struggle of memory against forgetting." It's a struggle Americans appear to have already lost.

==

lauren southern plus

The White House Press Room Has Become A Sanctuary For "Alt-Right," Pro-Trump Fringe Media Personalities

The Gateway Pundit Now Has A Spot In The White House Press Briefing Room. Jim Hoft, “the internet’s most hapless political blogger,” and his website The Gateway Pundit have been granted access to the White House press briefing and have their own correspondent, Lucian Wintrich, there to “ask fawning questions that support President Donald Trump and troll the other reporters.” *Media Matters*, [2/13/17, 3/13/17]

Infowars’ Alex Jones: “We’ve Already Been Offered” White House Press Credentials. Alex Jones, a conspiracy theorist who believes both the Sandy Hook massacre and the 9/11 terrorist attacks were perpetrated by the government, stated on January 25 that his fringe website Infowars had been offered White House press credentials. *Media Matters*, [1/26/17]

An Author At The Federalist Papers Project Was Invited Into A Briefing Via Skype And Got To Ask A Question. Jason Stevens, who writes for the hyperpartisan right-wing Federalist Papers Project -- which traffics in clickbait headlines, racist content, and misleading reporting -- got to ask a question via Skype at a White House press briefing in February. *Media Matters*, [2/14/17]

Laura Ingraham’s LifeZette Got To Ask The First Question At A Briefing. Laura Ingraham’s website LifeZette, which traffics in hyperpartisan reporting and “frequently posts articles of dubious veracity,” got to ask the first question during a White House press briefing in January. The Intercept, [11/26/16, Vanity Fair, 1/25/17]

Breitbart.com Has  Deep Ties To The White House. Breitbart.com used to be run by chief White House strategist Steve Bannon, who called the website “the platform for the alt-right.” White House press secretary Sean Spicer granted Breitbart’s Charlie Spiering an exclusive interview, and Breitbart reporter Matthew Boyle got to ask the first question during Trump’s first presidential press conference and has been called on during other White House press briefings. *Media Matters*, [2/9/17, Twitter, 1/31/17]

==

==

cf also trms

http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/sean-you-stupid-jimmy-kimmel-reexamines-spicers-holocaust-gaffe-through-voices-his

==

http://www.alternet.org/right-wing/new-white-house-press-corps

...

Meet “Trey,” for instance—Trey Yingst, Washington correspondent of the “One America News Network,” a cable channel begun in partnership with the Unification Church’s Washington Times,which has since gone independent. One America owner Charles Herring explained why he started the venture: “There’s nothing wrong with Fox. The problem is that if you take the [standard cable] channel lineup, the sources of national news tend to lean to the left . . . and all we have is Fox.” One America’s Foxier-than-Fox programming includes “Jihad: The Grand Deception,” “Escape from Iran,” “Target America,” and an interview show, “On Point,” once hosted by Sarah Palin. One America was included in the press briefing from which The New York Timesand BBC were banned.

And Spicer sure likes One America’s man in Washington. During Trump’s first month in the White House, Spicer called on Trey four times. The third time, after he answered Trey’s stumper—“What is the President willing to do to investigate further to determine where these leaks are coming from?”— and the press gaggle started shouting out their own questions, Spicer sounded for all the world like a wounded first-grader. “Hold On! Trey gets a follow up! Everyone else got one!”

Lars Larson is a better-known figure. He’s the top conservative talk radio host in Portland, Oregon, and an occasional fill-in for Rush Limbaugh. Larson was the second person called upon via webcam the day the White House Press Room’s “Skype seat” was inaugurated. Lars first thanked “Commander Spicer” for taking his questions (Spicer has never served in the military), then said, “Thanks for your service to America.” Next came the probing questions. “Does President Trump want to start returning the people’s land to the people? … Can he tell the Forest Service to start logging our forests aggressively again to provide jobs for Americans, wealth for the Treasury, and not spend $3.5 billion a year fighting forest fires?” These stinging queries surely came as welcome relief for Spicer, who had just got through dodging dagger thrusts from Kristen Welker of NBC, about what the White House meant when it claimed to have put Iran “on notice.”

And on February 14—Valentine’s Day—when Spicer found himself in a sweat keeping his stories straight about the firing of General Flynn, he went to the Skype seat for a save from “Jason Stevens of the Federalist Paper in Ashland, Ohio.” It turns out to be nearly impossible to identify this particular media juggernaut via Google, but your humble correspondent’s embarrassingly boundless knowledge of right-wing institutions is helpful. I recalled that there is a small right-wing college in Ashland, Ohio, which is how I learned that Professor Stevens’ “Federalist Papers Project” fulfills its mission of purveying “The History & Civics Schools Don’t Teach”—not only by giving away free e-books about the Founding Fathers but via articles like “WATCH: Maxine Waters UNHINGED; Goes Insane on Live TV” and “BREAKING: Feds Stop Nightmare Scenario ISIS Style Attack,” all underwritten by pop-up ads for survivalist meal plans with “25-Year Shelf Life, ‘Disaster-Proof’ Packaging.”

Another Spicer favorite is Katie Pavlich. Don’t know Katie? She’s the extremely blond Fox News regular and Townhall.com correspondent who authored such timeless classics as Fast and Furious: Barack Obama’s Bloodiest Scandal and Its Shameless Cover-Upand Assault and Flattery: The Truth About the Left and Their War on Women. Pavlich was called on three times within a fortnight to confront Spicer with riddles like: “Is President Trump planning to ask the Senate to expedite legislation allowing for the swift firing of bad VA employees?” And, concerning “a declared genocide by ISIS against Christians and other minority and religious groups . . . what specifically is the administration planning to do to comply with the legal obligations of protecting these groups under the U.N. 1948 treaty?”

Returned Spicer: “That’s a great question!” They always are, when Sean’s valentines are doing the asking.

When a former male escort named Jeff Gannon (né James Dale Guckert) began popping up in George W. Bush’s White House press room during the Iraq War, representing a not-quite-legitimate news organization called “Talon News,” which turned out to be operated by the Republican National Committee, and asking questions that sounded suspiciously like plants —“How are you going to work with [Senate Democrats] who seem to have divorced themselves from reality?”—it was a minor scandal. Regarding most matters Republican and scandalous, our concerns from a dozen years ago almost seem quaint.

Now the ones routinely asking the questions are “news organizations” like The Daily Signal, published by the Heritage Foundation; Breitbart News, which White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon used to run; and the London Daily Mail, which was banned as a source by Wikipedia for its “reputation for poor fact-checking and sensationalism.” Now, we have a Gannon-league loon as press secretary.

When Sean Spicer’s college newspaper printed his letter to the editor complaining about campus smoking regulations over the name “Sean Sphincter,” he complained, “The First Amendment does uphold the right to free speech, however, this situation goes beyond the bounds of free speech.” Then he more or less sued the paper, attempting to bring it up on charges before college authorities.

Today, Spicer has opened the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room to “journalists” who have made their reputations “beyond the bounds of free speech.” The now-disgraced alt-right poster boy Milo Yiannopoulos, whose defense of pedophilia cost him a book contract and a speaking gig at CPAC, once got credentials to attend a White House press briefing. The aggressively incorrect hate site Gateway Pundithas a permanent seat, which is occupied by serial doxxer Lucian Wintrich. He has no previous journalistic experience, though he curated a “Twinks4Trump” art exhibit that included homoerotic photos of shirtless men wearing “Make America Great” caps. The Twinks exhibit included works by Yiannopoulos, James O’Keefe(once convicted of breaking into a U.S. Senator’s office to “gather news”), and indicted “Pharma bro”Martin Shkreli, I kid you not.

But we should focus on more than just the personalities, because there is method behind this madness. The “Skype seat,” for example. The people representing major news organizations in the White House press room, whatever their faults, are at least seasoned media veterans whose professional amour propredepends on their willingness to follow up when the answer is evasive. Spicer often finds the questions asked by these White House reporters challenging...

==

http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/they-had-sean-spicer-pegged-back-college

==

taking a break from repeatedly lying from behind the White House lecturn, press secretary Sean Spicer granted an exclusive interview to white nationalist outlet Breitbart, which was formerly run by Trump's chief strategist Stephen Bannon and now is at the center of the so-called "alt-right." The interview was a complete trainwreck, prompting widespread mockery of both Breitbart and Spicer.

---

Sean Michael Spicer (born September 23, 1971) is an American political strategist and the current White House Press Secretary and Communications Director for President Donald Trump.[1] Spicer was communications director of the Republican National Committee from 2011 to 2017 and its chief strategist from 2015 to 2017.[2]

On December 22, 2016, Spicer was named as Trump's White House Press Secretary and two days later Spicer was also named as the White House Communications Director.[3][4] He assumed both positions with Trump's inauguration on January 20, 2017. Spicer's first official statement as press secretary was criticized for making false claims regarding the inauguration's attendance numbers.[5] In his statement, he also claimed that the inauguration was "the most watched ever", but subsequently clarified that he was referring not only to live attendees at the ceremony or those watching on TV, but also viewers who watched the inauguration online.[6]

Early life and education

Spicer was born in Barrington, Rhode Island, the son of Kathryn (née Grossman) and Michael William Spicer. His father was an insurance agent, and his mother works as the department manager in the East Asian Studies department at Brown University.[7][8][9][10] Spicer is of Irish descent.[11]

Spicer attended Portsmouth Abbey School from 1985 to 1989.[12] He attended Connecticut College from 1989 to 1993, graduating with a B.A. in Government.[13] Spicer volunteered for local races in Rhode Island while in high school and continued those activities from across the state border while at college.[14]

Career

1990s

In the late 1990s Spicer worked for Congressman Mike Pappas (R-NJ),[15] Congressman Frank LoBiondo (R-NJ),[16]Congressman Mark Foley (R-FL),[17] and Congressman Clay Shaw (R-FL).[18]

In 1999, Spicer joined the U.S. Navy Reserve as a public affairs officer; he currently holds the rank of Commander.[19] In 2012, he received a master's degree in National Security and Strategic Studies from the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.[20] As of December 2016, he is assigned to the Joint Chiefs of Staff's naval reserve contingent in Washington, D.C.[21]

2000s

From 2000 to 2001, Spicer was the communications director on the House Government Reform Committee, and from 2001 to 2002 he was director of incumbent retention at the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC).[22]

From 2003 to 2005,[22] Spicer was the communications director and spokesman for the House Budget Committee.[9] He subsequently was the communications director for the Republican Conference of the U.S. House of Representatives, and then, from 2006 to 2009, was the assistant U.S. Trade Representative for media and public affairs in President George W. Bush's administration.[23]

From 2009 to 2011, Spicer was a partner at Endeavor Global Strategies, a public relations firm he co-founded to represent foreign governments and corporations with business before the U.S. government.[24] Spicer's firm represented the foreign government of Colombia then seeking a free trade agreement with the U.S. amid public criticism of the its human rights record, and other clients.[25] Spicer worked full-time at the firm until February 2011.[26]

Republican National Committee

In February 2011, Spicer became the communications director of the Republican National Committee.[26] At the RNC, Spicer enlarged the organization's social media operations, built an in-house TV production team, and created a rapid response program to reply to attacks.[23] In February 2015 he was given an additional role, as chief strategist for the party.[27]

While at the RNC, Spicer was critical of then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump.In June 2015, after Trump said illegal immigrants from Mexico were involved in crimes in the U.S., Spicer said "painting Mexican Americans with that kind of a brush, I think that’s probably something that is not helpful to the cause."[28] In July 2015, he released a public criticism of Trump's comments on U.S. Senator John McCain, saying "there is no place in our party or our country for comments that disparage those who have served honorably."[29]

Trump Administration

On December 22, 2016, Spicer was named the White House Press Secretary for Donald Trump. On December 24, he was also named the Communications Director for Trump's presidency[30] after the resignation of Jason Miller.[31]

In response to the briefing, conservative political analyst Bill Kristol wrote: "It is embarrassing, as an American, to watch this briefing by Sean Spicer from the podium at the White House."[39] Vanity Fair described Spicer's statement as "peppered with lies,"[40] and The Atlantic described Spicer's briefing as "bizarre." The article referred to the "Trump administration's needless lies" and noted that Spicer's statements appeared to involve a "deliberate attempt to mislead".[41] Glenn Kessler of The Washington Post gave Spicer's claims four Pinocchios, claiming that he was so appalled by the press secretary's performance that he wished he could have given him five Pinocchios instead of the maximum number of four.[42]On January 21, 2017, the day after the inauguration and two days before his first official press conference, Spicer made a statement to the press in which he was highly critical of the media, saying they had underestimated the size of the crowds for President Trump's inaugural ceremony. He claimed that the ceremony had drawn the "largest audience to ever to witness an inauguration, period — both in person and around the globe."

But as many sources immediately pointed out, that claim was false.[32][33] Spicer falsely accused the press of altering images of the event to minimize the size of the crowds.[5] He said floor coverings over the grass were to blame for a visual effect that made the audience look smaller, and stated they had never been used before; however, they had been used in 2013 for the preceding second inauguration of Barack Obama.[34][35] He also used incorrect figures to claim that Metro ridership was higher during Trump's inauguration than during Obama's, when in fact it was lower than either of Obama's inaugurations.[36] Spicer took no questions after his statement.[32] Later, Spicer defended his previous statements by saying "sometimes we can disagree with the facts".[37] It was subsequently reported that Spicer had made the statement on direct orders from Trump, who was furious at what he considered unfair press coverage of his inauguration.[38]

Trump's team defended Spicer's statements. White House Chief of Staff Reince Priebus stated that the purpose of Spicer's conference was to call out what he called "dishonesty in the media" and their "obsession with delegitimizing the president".[43] Trump's campaign strategist and counselor, Kellyanne Conway, told NBC's Chuck Todd that Trump's inauguration crowd numbers could not be proved nor quantified and that the press secretary was simply giving "alternative facts".[44] Todd responded by saying "Alternative facts are not facts. They are falsehoods."[45]

Two days later, on January 23, 2017, Spicer held his first official White House press conference and took questions from reporters.[46][47] Asked about attendance at the inauguration, he clarified that his definition of a viewing audience also included individuals who watched the event on television and social media online, claiming that online viewership must have been in the "tens of millions".[6] Spicer's argument was based on the reported figure of 16.9 million people who began streaming the inauguration on CNN's website. This argument has been criticized because the 16.9 million streams included people who started the stream and then left.[48]

Personal life

On November 13, 2004, Spicer married Rebecca Miller, a television producer, at St. Alban's Episcopal Church in Washington D.C.[9] Spicer and his wife live in Alexandria, Virginia; they have two children.[49] Spicer is Catholic.[50] His wife is the top communications officer at the National Beer Wholesalers Association.[51][52]

References

---