Hughes, K

In 1994, Allbaugh was brought to Texas by George W. Bush to manage his campaign for governor. After Bush's victory, Allbaugh worked as gubernatorial chief of staff, serving until 1999 when he shifted posts to become campaign manager in Bush's run for the presidency. In this capacity Allbaugh was a key member of a tight circle of aides, together with Karl Rove and Karen Hughes, that the media dubbed the "Iron Triangle". Allbaugh called the trio "the brain, the brawn and the bite", with himself as the brawn at 6 feet 4 inches and 275 pounds.[2

==

<div>April 23 2002(UPI) -- <a href="http://www.upi.com/topic/Karen_Hughes/" title="Karen Hughes" class="tpstyle" style=" text-decoration: none; font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 13.600000381469727px; color: rgb(17, 99, 149) !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-bottom-style: dashed !important;">Karen Hughes</a>, one of President Bush's closest aides since he was governor of Texas, abruptly resigned Tuesday, surprising even Bush administration insiders, White House sources said. Hughes, 43, is part of Bush's "Iron Triangle," the three top aides who have been at the president's side for nearly a decade. Hughes is married with a son in Washington and a step-daughter in Austin, Texas.

Read more: <a href="http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2002/04/23/Bush-aide-Karen-Hughes-quits/UPI-48031019573566/#ixzz2eW1GiuBq" style=" color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none;">http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2002/04/23/Bush-aide-Karen-Hughes-quits/UPI-48031019573566/#ixzz2eW1GiuBq</a>

=

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes</a>

Karen P. Hughes was confirmed July 26, 2005, by the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee" title="Senate Foreign Relations Committee" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> as <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Public_Diplomacy_and_Public_Affairs" title="Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs</a>. On July 29, the full Senate confirmed her nomination and she was sworn-in to the position on September 9, 2005.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a> She left the position in December 2007. In 2005 President George W. Bush described Hughes as "one of my most trusted and closest advisers".<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a>

In July 2008 it was announced that she had been appointed as Global Vice Chair of the PR firm <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Burson-Marsteller" title="Burson-Marsteller" style=" text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Burson-Marsteller</a> (B-M) and will will be based in Austin, Texas and report to the firm's President and CEO, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mark_Penn" title="Mark Penn" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mark Penn</a>. The announcement stated that "Hughes will also serve as a member of the Burson-Marsteller’s newly formed client Strategy Team, which will be comprised of senior leaders from across the firm’s practices and lines of business."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a> The same month, it was reported that Hughes would be part of the official U.S. delegation for the closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympics, a group headed by Secretary of State <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Condoleezza Rice</a>. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Advisory Board, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/United_Against_Nuclear_Iran" title="United Against Nuclear Iran" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United Against Nuclear Iran</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[5]</a></li>

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<h2 style=" background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; width: auto; font-size: 12px; display: inline;">Contents</h2>

[<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hide</a>] </div>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Background" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1 Background</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Hughes.27s_book" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2 Hughes's book</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Plame_investigation_.26_the_Iraq_War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3 Plame investigation & the Iraq War</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Public_diplomacy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4 Public diplomacy</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Working_for_Burson-Marsteller" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">5 Working for Burson-Marsteller</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Biographical_timeline" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6 Biographical timeline</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Articles_and_resources" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7 Articles and resources</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Related_SourceWatch_articles" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.1 Related SourceWatch articles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#References" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.2 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#External_resources" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.3 External resources</a>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#White_House_Statements_on_Hughes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.3.1 White House Statements on Hughes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Testimony_by_Hughes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.3.2 Testimony by Hughes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Speeches_by_Hughes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.3.3 Speeches by Hughes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Department_of_State_press_notices" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.3.4 Department of State press notices</a></li>

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</li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#External_articles" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.4 External articles</a>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Articles_by_Hughes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.4.1 Articles by Hughes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#Other_articles" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.4.2 Other articles</a></li>

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<h2 style=" background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; font-size: 19.200000762939453px;">Background</h2>

Huges has served as key communications strategist for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">George W. Bush</a>, both while Governor of Texas and as President. Hughes played a critical role in the election of Bush to the governorship of Texas. In 1992, she became the state's <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Republican Party</a> executive director. From there, she organized a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Media" title="Media" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">media</a> campaign that vilified the then incumbent Democratic governor, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ann_Richards" title="Ann Richards" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ann Richards</a>. When Bush launched his gubernatorial campaign in November 1993, Hughes served as his communications director. Bush won. Hughes and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Karl Rove</a>, who also played a central role in Bush's rise to governor, led Bush's 2000 presidential campaign.

"With Bush's assumption of the White House, Hughes rose to become the most powerful woman in the land," Laura Flanders wrote in her bookBushwomen. "Never has there been a woman whose job brought her into closer, more influential contact with the President. As 'counselor to the President' -- Bush created the position uniquely for her -- she sat in on every meeting, oversaw the offices of press secretary, communications and speechwriting, and had the communications directors of every department reporting directly to her."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-Flanders-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[6]</a>

Hughes served as senior advisor to Bush's 2004 re-election campaign. In March 2004, the Times reported that she was already getting "the message about Mr. Bush in her speeches around the country, for which she receives $50,000 each." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-NYT-6" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[7]</a>

Hughes authored Ten Minutes from Normal, an autobiography released March 2004 by Viking Books.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-7" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[8]</a> Hughes reportedly had a $1 million contract for the book.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-8" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[9]</a>

The New York Times wrote: "Ms. Hughes is the smiling, media-savvy White House representative whose book now wraps her -- and, by implication, the president -- in the heroism of motherhood. Its theme is clear by the identifying lines under her name on the book's front jacket: 'Counselor to the President. Wife and Mother. The woman who left the White House to put family first, and moved back home to Texas.'"<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-NYT-6" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[7]</a>

Flanders wrote that Hughes is "a career woman, GOP leader and stay-out-of-the-home mom," who spent years massaging Bush's "<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">compassionate conservative</a>" message.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-Flanders-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[6]</a> (<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Marvin_Olasky" title="Marvin Olasky" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Marvin Olasky</a> is credited with authoring the "compassionate conservative" catch phrase).

In an interview on CNN Hughes was asked about how significant the issue of abortion would be in the 2004 campaign for President and suggested that public opinion was "changing somewhat."

"I think after September 11th the American people are valuing life more and realizing that we need policies to value the dignity and worth of every life. And President Bush has worked to say, let's be reasonable, let's work to value life, let's try to reduce the number of abortions, let's increase adoptions. And I think those are the kind of policies that the American people can support, particularly at a time when we're facing an enemy, and really the fundamental difference between us and the terror network we fight is that we value every life. It's the founding conviction of our country, that we're endowed by our creator with certain unalienable rights, the right to life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Unfortunately our enemies in the terror network, as we're seeing repeatedly in the headlines these days, don't value any life, not even the innocent and not even their own."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-9" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[10]</a>

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Hughes was interviewed as part of the federal grand jury investigation into who leaked <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Valerie_Plame" title="Valerie Plame" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Valerie Plame</a>'s identity.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-10" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[11]</a> During the buildup to war in Iraq, Hughes was part of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/White_House_Iraq_Group" title="White House Iraq Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">White House Iraq Group</a>, which coordinated strategy for selling the war to the American people.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-11" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[12]</a>

"In plain English, her job is to fight anti-Americanism, promote American culture and above all to do intellectual battle with the ideology of radical <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Islam" title="Islam" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Islam</a>, a set of beliefs so powerful that they can persuade middle-class, second-generation British Muslims to blow themselves up on buses and trains," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/26/AR2005072601551.html?nav=hcmodule" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">wrote</a> Washington Post columnist Anne Applebaum.

It was announced in March 2005 that Hughes was to "take over the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush_administration" title="Bush administration" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Bush administration</a>'s troubled public diplomacy effort intended to burnish the U.S. image abroad, particularly in the Muslim world." The Undersecretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs position at the State Department, previously held by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Margaret_D._Tutwiler" title="Margaret D. Tutwiler" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Margaret D. Tutwiler</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charlotte_Beers" title="Charlotte Beers" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Charlotte Beers</a>, uses "exchange programs, foreign language media and other initiatives ... to promote American values" while "combating negative images." It was reported that Hughes will be assisted by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Dina_Powell" title="Dina Powell" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Dina Powell</a>, the current White House Chief of Personnel and "an American of Egyptian descent who speaks fluent Arabic." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2005/03/14/bush_taps_egyptian_american_woman_for_top_state_job/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[1]</a>

"Presumably, President Bush selected Hughes for this task because she was very good at running his election campaigns. ... Unfortunately," Applebaum added July 26, 2005, "Hughes's most important constituents aren't going to respond to engagement and empowerment, let alone exchange and education, unless the latter involves those flight schools where they don't teach you how to take off or land. ...

"The traditional tools of public diplomacy -- American libraries, Fourth of July parties, 'citizen ambassadors' -- are uniquely unsuited to the task of encouraging debate within Islam as well. But Hughes has nothing to lose by dropping the four 'E's,' going back to the rest of the alphabet, and thinking way, way outside the box. Judging by Bali, Madrid, London and Sharm el-Sheikh, not to mention New York and Washington, whatever we're doing right now, it isn't working," Applebaum concluded. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/26/AR2005072601551.html?nav=hcmodule" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[2]</a>

The Associated Press reported that a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee" title="Senate Foreign Relations Committee" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> of her nomination "barely delved into what Hughes will do about turning around anti-American sentiment in the world, part of her job if she is confirmed as Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/politics/wire/sns-ap-senate-hughes,1,5415882.story?coll=sns-ap-politics-headlines" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[3]</a>

"If I had the opportunity to say just one thing to people throughout the world, it would be, I am eager to listen," Hughes told Republican Senators<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Richard Lugar</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_Voinovich" title="George Voinovich" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">George Voinovich</a>. "I want to learn more about you and your lives, what you believe, what you <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Fear" title="Fear" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">fear</a>, what you dream, what you value most." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/politics/wire/sns-ap-senate-hughes,1,5415882.story?coll=sns-ap-politics-headlines" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[4]</a>

During a "town hall" meeting for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/State_Department" title="State Department" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">State Department</a> employees held on September 8, 2005, she <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/52748.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">described</a> her plans to improve US image abroad in militaristic phrases, outlining a "rapid-response unit" and "forward-deploy regional SWAT teams" to "formulate a more strategic and focused approach to all our public diplomacy assets."

The Washington Post's Dana Milbank <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/08/AR2005090801788.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">wrote</a>: "One of her underlings rose to ask how this effort squared with the administration's famously tight control over its message. … Hughes replied that ambassadors are free to talk -- if they use the talking points she sends them. 'If they make statements based on something I sent them,' she said, 'they're not going to be called on the carpet.'"

In February 2006 Washington Post reporter Al Kamen wrote "In September [2005], Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy Karen Hughes ... took 16 reporters on her first trip to the Mideast."

"We all know how well that trip turned out. So this time, Hughes, heading later this week for Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Germany, has reduced the media contingent ... to zero." Hughes did grant an interview to Time magazine, in which she described the State Department's new media monitoring unit. In addition to live Arab TV broadcasts, she says, "We have a young man who's watching the blogs, the Web chats." Hughes also describes public diplomacy plans around the 2006 World Cup soccer tournament: "We're going to have our embassies very involved in inviting kids to come watch the games this summer." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/12/AR2006021201079.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[5]</a>

According to a June 2007 Salon article by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Sidney_Blumenthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney Blumenthal (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Sidney Blumenthal</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.salon.com/opinion/blumenthal/2007/06/21/bush_torture/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[6]</a>

<dd style=" line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">The resistance within the administration to Bush's torture policy, the ultimate expression of the war paradigm, has come to an end through attrition and exhaustion. More than two years ago ... the tiny band of opponents within approached Karen Hughes, newly named undersecretary of state for public diplomacy, hoping that the longtime confidante of President Bush, now assigned responsibility for the U.S. image in the world, might be willing to hear them out on the damage done by continuation of the torture policy. But she rebuffed them.</dd>

</dl>

In late October 2007 it was reported that Hughes intended to resign from her position later in the year.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-12" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[13]</a>

In July 2008 it was announced that Hughes had been appointed as Global Vice Chair of the PR firm <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Burson-Marsteller" title="Burson-Marsteller" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Burson-Marsteller</a> (B-M) and will will be based in Austin, Texas and report to the firm's President and CEO, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mark_Penn" title="Mark Penn" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mark Penn</a>. The announcement stated that "Hughes will also serve as a member of the Burson-Marsteller’s newly formed client Strategy Team, which will be comprised of senior leaders from across the firm’s practices and lines of business."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-13" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[14]</a>

Hiring Hughes is part of a larger effort by Penn to increase B-M's "reach and expertise." Summing up the partnership, Penn said "Karen and I have had so many of the same experiences in the White House and campaigns, and have worked around the world. But we agreed that we won't let politics interfere in our business."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-WSJ-14" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[15]</a> The Wall Street Journal reported that the deal for Hughes to join B-M was "brokered by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Robert_Barnett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Barnett (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Robert Barnett</a>, a Washington superlawyer who earlier represented each of them on their books." The paper also reported that Hughes "is expected to bring in a chunk of new business, headed up by Republican-leaning chief executives who know her from her political life. She will be based in her hometown in Austin, Texas, and focus on issues from energy to health care."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-WSJ-14" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[15]</a>

Shortly after her appointment, Hughes emailed an introductory note to her new B-M colleagues. "A quick note to let you know how excited I am to join the Burson-Marsteller team and become a 'Burson person!'," she gushed.

"Today's leaders in business and government face the challenge of thinking globally and acting locally, developing broad umbrella themes that shape perceptions of their industry, brand or product, while also customizing those messages for many different customers and cultures ... I've always considered myself an advocate for the people I’ve advised, and I’m looking forward to advocating on behalf of our clients and this great team. I love communications and feel my strengths are in the areas of strategic positioning, message development, writing and speaking," she wrote.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-15" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[16]</a>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Hughes graduates from Southern Methodist University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in journalism.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-Balz-16" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[17]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1976-1984: Television reporter in Texas for for the NBC affiliate in Dallas/Fort Worth.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-Balz-16" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[17]</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-BM-17" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[18]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1984: Texas press coordinator for the Reagan-Bush campaign.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-Balz-16" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[17]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1985 - 1992: She worked as a political PR adviser for candidates in Dallas.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-Balz-16" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[17]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Late 1980's: "I worked as Director of Media Relations for a small boutique public relations/public affairs firm called <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Halcyon_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halcyon Associates (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Halcyon Associates</a> in Dallas for several years in the late 1980s," Hughes wrote in 2008.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-18" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[19]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1992: Executive Director of the Texas Republican Party.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-Balz-16" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[17]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1995 to 2000: Hughes was director of communications for Texas Governor George W. Bush.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-Balz-16" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[17]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2001 to 2002: Counselor to President George W. Bush.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-BM-17" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[18]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">March 2004: Hughes book Ten Minutes from Normal is released.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2004: Consultant to the Bush-Cheney re-election campaign.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-BM-17" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[18]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">August 2005 to December 2007: Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-BM-17" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[18]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">July 2008 appointed as Global Vice Chair of Burson-Marsteller.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-BM-17" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[18]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">July 2008: George W. Bush appointed Hughes to West Point's Board of Visitors oversight committee.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-19" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[20]</a> Bush also announced that Hughes had been included in the "Presidential Delegation to the Closing Ceremony of the Olympic Games in Beijing, China on August 24, 2008."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_note-20" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[21]</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style=" background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; font-size: 16.799999237060547px;">Related SourceWatch articles</h3>

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<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Undersecretary_for_Public_Diplomacy_and_Public_Affairs" title="Undersecretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Undersecretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs</a></li>

</ul>

<li id="cite_note-0" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> Anne Applebaum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/26/AR2005072601551.html?nav=hcmodule" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Think Again, Karen Hughes"</a>, Washington Post, July 27, 2005; Page A21.</li>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> President George W. Bush, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/03/20050314-2.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"President's Statement on Karen Hughes"</a>, Media Release, March 14, 2005.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> Burson-Marsteller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burson-marsteller.com/Newsroom/Lists/PressReleases/DispForm.aspx?ID=701&nodename=B-M%20in%20the%20News&subtitle=" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Karen Hughes Joins Burson-Marsteller as Global Vice Chair"</a>, Media Release, July 9, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/07/20080723-3.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Statement by the Press Secretary"</a>, Media Release, July 23, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/about/leadership" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Leadership</a>, United Against Nuclear Iran, accessed February 3, 2009.</li>

<li id="cite_note-Flanders-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-Flanders_5-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-Flanders_5-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6.1</a> Laura Flanders, Bushwomen:Tales of a Cynical Species, Verso, March 2004, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:BookSources/1859845878" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ISBN 1859845878</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:BookSources/9781859845875" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ISBN 978-1859845875</a>, page 105. This book has a chapter on Hughes tittled "Cover Girl").</li>

<li id="cite_note-NYT-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-NYT_6-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-NYT_6-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7.1</a> Elisabeth Bumiller and Richard W. Stevenson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/28/politics/campaign/28HUGHES.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"The 2004 Campaign: The Republicans: A Trusted Bush Aide to Return, but Not to Washington"</a>, New York Times, March 28, 2004.</li>

<li id="cite_note-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-7" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> Karen Hughes, Ten Minutes from Normal, Viking Adult, March 2004. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:BookSources/0670033057" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ISBN 0670033057</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:BookSources/9780670033058" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ISBN 978-0670033058</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-8" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> David Paul Kuhn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/03/31/politics/main609625.shtml" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Karen Hughes Back In The Fold: Longtime Bush Adviser Returning To Campaign Team"</a>, CBS News, March 31, 2004.</li>

<li id="cite_note-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-9" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> Wolf Blitzer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0404/25/le.00.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Interview With Karen Hughes"</a>, CNN.com, April 25, 2004.</li>

<li id="cite_note-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-10" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> David Johnston, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nytimes.com/2005/07/22/politics/22leak.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5094&en=67c9b3ba0b4f2f66&hp&ex=1122091200&partner=homepage" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"For Two Aides in Leak Case, 2nd Issue Rises"</a>, New York Times, July 22, 2005.</li>

<li id="cite_note-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-11" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> Walter Pincus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/08/AR2008060801819.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Records Could Shed Light on Iraq Group"</a>, Washington Post, June 9, 2008; Page A15.</li>

<li id="cite_note-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-12" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7071638.stm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Key Bush image adviser to leave"</a>, BBC NEWS, October 31, 2007.</li>

<li id="cite_note-13" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-13" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> Burson-Marsteller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burson-marsteller.com/Newsroom/Lists/PressReleases/DispForm.aspx?ID=701&nodename=B-M%20in%20the%20News&subtitle=" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Karen Hughes Joins Burson-Marsteller as Global Vice Chair"</a>, Media Release, July 9, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-WSJ-14" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-WSJ_14-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">15.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-WSJ_14-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">15.1</a> Monica Langley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121556919458138073.html?mod=googlenews_wsj&apl=y&r=509115" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Clinton, Bush Advisers Steeped in Crisis Join Forces: Penn and Hughes Also Have Sights Set on Comeback"</a>, Wall Street Journal, July 9, 2008; Page A6.</li>

<li id="cite_note-15" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-15" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> Joe Nocera, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://executivesuite.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/14/would-you-take-strategic-advice-from-this-woman/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Would You Take Strategic Advice From This Woman?"</a>, "Executive Suite" (Blog), Washington Post, July 14, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-Balz-16" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-Balz_16-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">17.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-Balz_16-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">17.1</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-Balz_16-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">17.2</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-Balz_16-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">17.3</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-Balz_16-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">17.4</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-Balz_16-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">17.5</a> Dan Balz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/wh2000/stories/hughes072399.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Karen Hughes: A Texas-Size Job"</a>, Washington Post, July 23, 1999.</li>

<li id="cite_note-BM-17" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-BM_17-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">18.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-BM_17-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">18.1</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-BM_17-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">18.2</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-BM_17-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">18.3</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-BM_17-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">18.4</a> Burson Marsteller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burson-marsteller.com/Newsroom/Lists/PressReleases/DispForm.aspx?ID=701&nodename=B-M%20in%20the%20News&subtitle=" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Karen Hughes Joins Burson-Marsteller as Global Vice Chair"</a>, Media Release, July 9, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-18" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-18" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> Joe Nocera, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://executivesuite.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/14/would-you-take-strategic-advice-from-this-woman/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Would You Take Strategic Advice From This Woman?"</a>, "Executive Suite" (Blog), Washington Post, July 14, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-19" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-19" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080717/NEWS/80717028" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Bush names former aide to West Point oversight board"</a>, Times-Herald Record, July 17, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-20" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_Hughes#cite_ref-20" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/07/20080723-3.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Statement by the Press Secretary"</a>, Media Release, July 23, 2008.</li>

</ol>

<h4 style=" background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; font-size: 15.199999809265137px;">White House Statements on Hughes</h4>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">President George W. Bush, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/03/20050314-2.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"President's Statement on Karen Hughes"</a>, Media Release, March 14, 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/09/20050909.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"President Honors Ambassador Karen Hughes at Swearing-In Ceremony United States Department of State Washington, D.C."</a>, September 9, 2005. (This is a transcripot of the swaering in and has comments from Condoleeza Rice, George W. Bush and Karen Hughes.)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/12/20041202-7.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Personnel Announcement"</a>, Media Release, December 2, 2004. (This announces that Hughes was one of the members of the Presidential Delegation to the Inauguration of the President of Afghanistan on December 7, 2004.).</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/07/20080723-3.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Statement by the Press Secretary"</a>, Media Release, July 23, 2008.</li>

</ul>

<h4 style=" background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; font-size: 15.199999809265137px;">Testimony by Hughes</h4>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Karen Hughes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/49967.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"The Mission of Public Diplomacy"</a>, Testimony at confirmation hearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Washington, DC, July 22, 2005.</li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/53942.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Remarks with Dr. Ali El Samman</a>, Cairo, Egypt, September 25, 2005. (3:00 PM local time)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54022.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Remarks With Recipients of LEAD Scholarships</a>, Discussion With Student Recipients, Cairo, Egypt, September 25, 2005. (6:00 PM local time)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54023.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Briefing En Route Cairo, Egypt</a>, En Route Cairo, Egypt, September 25, 2005. (7:16 PM local time)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54016.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Remarks After Meeting With Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif</a>, Cairo, Egypt, September 26, 2005. (12:25 PM local time)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54015.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Remarks With His Holiness Pope Shenouda</a>, Cairo, Egypt, September 26, 2005. (1:15 PM local time)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54062.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Briefing En Route Ankara, Turkey</a>, September 26, 2005. (6:45 PM local time)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54722.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Discussion with Students at Dar al-Hekma College</a>, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, September 27, 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54077.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Remarks With Turkish Foreign Ministry Under Secretary Ambassador Ali Tuygan</a>, Ankara, Turkey, September 28, 2005. (10:15 AM local time)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54072.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Remarks at Turkish Education Volunteers Foundation (TEVF)</a>, Istanbul, Turkey, September 28, 2005. (2:30 PM local time)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54106.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Interfaith Dialogue With Religious Leaders at Topkapi Palace</a>, Istanbul, Turkey, September 28, 2005. (4:30 PM local time)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54343.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Press Availability, En Route to Shannon Airport, Ireland</a>, September 29, 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/us/2007/93625.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Remarks at Women's Conference Sponsored by Senator Orrin Hatch</a>, Salt Lake City, Utah, October 12, 2007.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prsaconf07.info/2007/10/former-us-undersecretary-of-st.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"On the Record...Online with Former White House Communications Director Karen Hughes"</a>, Speech to the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_Relations_Society_of_America" title="Public Relations Society of America" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Public Relations Society of America</a> 2007 International Conference, October 22, 2007. (This is a poodcast of her speech).</li>

</ul>

<h4 style=" background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; font-size: 15.199999809265137px;">Department of State press notices</h4>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Steven Kaufman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2005&m=October&x=20051014170614ESnamfuaK0.5291864&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">State's Hughes To Visit Malaysia, Indonesia on "Listening Tour". Trips to Latin America, Europe in coming months also planned, she says</a>, October 14, 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2005/55150.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs Karen Hughes to Travel to Indonesia and Malaysia</a>, October 14, 2005: "Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs Karen Hughes will travel to Indonesia and Malaysia October 20-24."</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2005&m=October&x=20051014170729TJkcolluB0.5123865&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Public Diplomacy Chief To Meet with Asian Students, Officials. State Department outlines plans for Hughes' Indonesia, Malaysia trip</a>, October 14, 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/travel/57495.htm" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Under Secretary Hughes: Travel to Central America</a> - Hughes led "a delegation of distinguished private sector business leaders to Central America" on December 4-6, 2005. The delegation included Steve Reinemund, Chairman and CEO, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/PepsiCo,Inc." title="PepsiCo, Inc." class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PepsiCo, Inc.</a>; Bob Lane, Chairman and CEO, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Deere%26_Company" title="Deere & Company" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Deere & Company</a>; and Maria Lagomasino, CEO for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Asset_Management_Advisors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asset Management Advisors (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Asset Management Advisors</a> LLC, Affiliate of Sun Trust.</li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Karen P. Hughes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/us-politics/index.ssf/2009/06/when_caution_becomes_abdicatio.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"When caution becomes abdication"</a>, Politico.com, June 24, 2009.</li>

</ul>

For other news articles related to Hughes, see <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karen_P.Hughes:Articles" title="Karen P. Hughes: Articles" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Karen P. Hughes: Articles</a>

</div>

<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Categories</a>:

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Politics_(U.S.)" title="Category:Politics (U.S.)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Politics (U.S.)</a></li>

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<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:U.S._government" title="Category:U.S. government" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">U.S. government</a></li>

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</ul>

</div>

===

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Hughes">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Hughes</a>

 ---

Karen Hughes: A Texas-Size Job

Around the time of Bush's second inauguration last winter, the governor and his press secretary met in his Capitol office. Bush was leaning toward running for president, but was still worrying about the impact a campaign might have on his family. Karen Hughes was worried about her family, too.

The two talked at length about their own values and whether it was possible to conduct a campaign that would not have a destructive effect on their families. Bush wanted to make sure that Hughes would be at his side if he decided to run. "If you're not going, I'm not going," Bush told her, according to another campaign official privy to the conversation.

That's a remarkable statement for a politician to make to a staffer and indicative of the significance of Hughes's role. Bush advisers say that, on a personal basis, Hughes is probably closest to the governor of the three, and they say Bush always seems more confident and relaxed when she is around. "It can't be understood how important she is to the governor," says Mark McKinnon, Bush's chief media adviser.

Hughes has a big laugh and an outgoing personality, but she is also the governor's staunchest defender. More than anyone in the campaign, she is always "on message."

"People have either got good instincts and good antennae or they don't," Bush says. "Karen has got good instincts. She can spot a phony a mile away. Her voice is one of reason and honesty. Plus, Karen is someone who knows that it's so important to be proactive as opposed to defensive."

Hughes helps on more than just communications strategy and press relations. When Bush was in the final negotiations with legislative leaders at the end of May over his tax cuts and education spending, Hughes was one of three people he brought to the table. (Joe Allbaugh was another.)

"I think the governor – I don't want to put words in his mouth – I think he values my advice," Hughes says. "I think he trusts me. I think he likes to get my read on situations, so he frequently involves me in situations like that."

Some Bush supporters, fearing that Hughes's lack of national experience might hurt the presidential campaign, tried to have a more experienced communications director brought in above her earlier in the year. They got nowhere.

Hughes did help recruit Beckwith, a former Time magazine reporter and later press secretary to Vice President Dan Quayle, to be the campaign spokesman in Austin. But last week Beckwith was forced out over what were euphemistically described as "cultural" differences in "style and tone" in dispensing information to the press.

Beckwith had long relationships with many Washington-based reporters and the complaint inside the operation was that he had damaged the campaign's credibility by low-balling the amount of money Bush had raised and been too chatty with reporters. Defenders say he was never disloyal to Bush but simply had a different way of operating than Hughes and others. Asked about his departure, Hughes declined to comment.

Hughes, 42, is an Army brat who was born in Paris. She graduated from high school in Texas and went to college at Southern Methodist University, where she began as an English major with an eye on law school. Then she stumbled into journalism.

At SMU she took a journalism course from Bob Mann, a Democrat who over the years has worked as a press secretary to Sen. Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) and for Garry Mauro, the Democrat who ran against Bush last year. On the first day of class, he handed everyone a slip of paper, each with a different address. The assignment was to go to the address and write a story about what was there.

"Mine was the It'll Do Club," Hughes says. It was a combination truck stop bar and lonelyhearts club. "Let me say in an understated way it was a far different world than anything I'd ever seen or experienced in my world, or certainly at SMU. And I had to write about it and I probably didn't do a very good job. But it stands out very vividly."

Later she found she enjoyed "writing to pictures" more than writing newspaper stories, and eventually pursued a career in television news after graduation. "I was a reporter for about 7½ years and I loved ... every minute of it," she said.

She covered murders, hurricanes and school board and city council meetings. But what she liked best was covering politics. In 1980 she followed the Bush presidential campaign to Iowa and New Hampshire. "What I loved was being live on Election Night at some candidate's headquarters or live when President Bush was elected vice president in Houston."

But in 1984 she made the switch from covering politics to practicing politics, going to work as the Texas press coordinator for the Reagan-Bush campaign. "Obviously that was a big jump," she says. "But I had come to love politics. I had gotten married and I had a new stepdaughter. I remember when I was doing the wedding invitations, I got called and sent to a hurricane. I was driving toward the coast and everybody else was driving the other way. I remember thinking, 'Why am I doing this?' "

After 1984 she continued her political endeavors, doing political PR and helping candidates around Dallas, including Fred Meyer, a Dallas businessman, in his campaign for state chairman. In 1992 she moved to Austin to become executive director of the Texas Republican Party – and, along with Karl Rove, a thorn in the side of then-Gov. Ann Richards.

When Meyer decided not to run for reelection as chairman, Hughes moved to Bush's gubernatorial campaign. Over the course of many months on the road with the candidate, they developed a close working relationship.

"When you're together for long days in very high-stress situations, you either end up not liking each other or liking each other a lot, and we ended up liking each other a lot," she says. "He is funny, he is irreverent, he has a great big-picture view of things so he doesn't take himself too seriously. If there's a minor glitch, he has a great sense of humor about letting it roll off."

Bush supporters say Hughes has been irritated with Rove at times when the strategist has revealed campaign news in the media before sharing it with everyone else, but she plays down their differences. "We disagree from time to time," she says. "It's probably more a matter of both being busy. Karl is very smart and I have enormous respect for him. On matters of political strategy, I totally defer to him."

Hughes teaches Sunday school and serves as an elder in her Presbyterian church in Austin. Her husband, Jerry, is an Austin attorney. She has a 12-year-old son and a 25-year-old stepdaughter and prides herself on being a mom as much as being the governor's press secretary. "I am proud that this spring, when we were obviously in a critical legislative session and we were launching the exploratory effort for president, I've been to every one of my son's Little League games except one," she says.

Hughes is the first to admit she has stepped into an enterprise that is likely to be overwhelming at times. "I hope some of the same things that served us well here will serve us well nationally," she says. "But I plead guilty to the fact that we're not nationally experienced political consultants. Now Karl's got quite a bit of experience and Joe has national experience from his days at the RNC. But almost all of my experience has been in Texas.

"I know I don't know a lot," she adds. "I know the governor. I know where he stands. I know his principles and I try to be a pretty effective communicator of what he believes. But I don't make any pretense that I know how to do this nationally."

The Washington Post Company

</center>

==

Karen Hughes, Queen of the Spin-Doctors and Captain of the White House Smear Campaign

A BUZZFLASH NEWS ALERT

News from the DNC:

President Bush has nominated his closest adviser, Karen Hughes, to be Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. In this new position, Hughes will be responsible for kick-starting America?s diplomatic marketing effort in the Muslim world. However, Hughes? involvement in the Bush Administration?s manipulation of pre-war intelligence, her leadership role in the White House smear campaigns against Joe Wilson and Richard Clarke, and her potential involvement with the Plame leak, makes her an unlikely candidate for this position.

Hughes Involved in Pre-War Manipulation of Intelligence...

Hughes Part of Iraq Working Group, Which Set Strategy for Marketing War in Iraq. Despite formally leaving the White House in July of 2002, Hughes was one of the regular participants in the White House Iraq Group which set the strategy for going to war in Iraq. The ?internal working group?, which was began its formal coordination in August of 2002, was responsible for marketing the war in Iraq and involved other political strategists such as Mary Matalin, Karl Rove, Lewis ?Scooter? Libby, and Andy Card. Card hinted at the WHIG?s mission to the New York Times saying ?From a marketing point of view, you don?t introduce new products in August.? [Washington Post, 8/10/03; KTVT, 7/8/02]

Escalation of False Rhetoric Regarding Iraqi Threat Came After Formation of White House Iraq Group. The Washington Post reported that the ?escalation of nuclear rhetoric? during the pre-war stage, ? including the introduction of the term ?mushroom cloud? into the debate, coincided with the formation of a White House Iraq Group, or WHIG, a task force assigned to ?educate the public? about the threat from Hussein, as a participant put it.? [Washington Post, 8/10/03]

Hughes Was Intimately Involved In Preparation Of Discredited 2003 State Of The Union. The Houston Chronicle reported that Hughes ?was involved in drafting the speech.? Hughes said that convincing Americans of the dangers of Iraq was a primary goal of the speech. Hughes: ?What people want to hear is the comprehensive logic: Why is Saddam Hussein's continued defiance a threat to our country and to peace in the world?? [Houston Chronicle, 1/27/03; NBC Today, 1/28/03]

?And Led White House Smear Campaigns to Cover Up the Lies

HUGHES PROMISED TO ELEVATE POLITICAL DIALOGUE

Hughes Claimed She Would Not Engage In Anonymous Attacks And Wanted To ?Elevate Political Dialogue.? ?I worry that Christians, myself included, give Christianity a bad name because we so often fail to model the love and humility displayed by the life of Jesus Christ,? she writes [in her new book ?Ten Minutes from Normal?]. Hughes, in what she called an effort to elevate political dialogue, vowed that she will no longer provide quotes to reporters without attaching her name to them. ?I admit in the book: In the past, I?ve done it myself,? she said. ?You tend to be harsher and meaner when you can make those charges anonymously.? [Washington Post, 3/29/04]

BUT LED SMEAR CAMPAIGN AGAINST CLARKE AND WILSON

Hughes Led Attempts To Smear Richard Clarke. The New York Times reported, ?Ms. Hughes was an advocate of the howitzer treatment of Mr. Clarke, the former counterterrorism chief who was attacked by the White House as politically motivated and dishonest. She was also a sounding board for Condoleezza Rice, the national security adviser, who reached out to Ms. Hughes this week for advice on how to present her case against the criticisms of Mr. Clarke, who said she had ignored his dire warnings about terrorism.? [New York Times, 3/28/04]

Hughes Admitted To Being Involved In Attempts To Smear Clarke. When asked by Barbara Walters on 20/20 whether she was involved in the White House?s response to Richard Clarke?s allegations, Hughes said, ?I'm involved in White House discussions about those issues, and I try to help? I think, from personal knowledge, that many of the things he said are not true.? [ABC?s 20/20, 3/29/04]

Hughes Constructed Strategy To Defend Against Criticisms Of Bush?s Use Of False Evidence In The State of the Union, Focusing On Discrediting Democrats. After the Niger/uranium scandal escalated, the White House struggled to confront the charges. Hughes helped to devise a communications plan. As reported by USA Today, the plan was to: ?Most important: Question the motives of Democrats who supported the war but now are criticizing the president.? [USA Today, 7/24/03]

AND POSSIBLY EXPOSED VALERIE PLAME AS A CIA OPERATIVE

White House Iraq Group Subpoenaed In Leak Probe. In March 2004, the investigation of who leaked the identity of undercover CIA operative to the media subpoenaed all White House records pertaining to the White House Iraq Group (WHIG) from July 6 through July 30, 2003. Hughes was a member of the WHIG. [Newsday, 3/6/03]

Hughes Defended Rove In Leak Charge. Hughes said that the public disclosure of a CIA operative's name was a disservice to the president and ?very disruptive to democracy.? Hughes ?said she was confident that her fellow Texan and sometime rival, Karl Rove, the president's chief political adviser, didn't leak the name to a syndicated columnist because ?Karl has said that he was not involved.?? [Houston Chronicle, 10/2/03]

WIDESPREAD CONCERN ABOUT HUGHES APPOINTMENT

GAO Said Administration Failing To Develop A Strategy To Improve US Image Abroad. The GAO criticized the administration in April 2005 for failing to develop a strategy to improve the image of the United States as "recent polling data show that anti-Americanism is spreading and deepening around the world." The report warned that anti-American sentiments could increase support for terrorism. [Washington Post, 4/18/05]

Despite Administration Failures, Hughes Delayed Reporting to State Department. Hughes isn't slated to arrive in Washington, where she still faces a confirmation vote, until the fall. The frustration of some diplomats has prompted quiet criticism of Hughes for waiting so long after her March nomination to join the team. "She should have joined immediately," said one diplomat. [The White House Bulletin, 6/23/05]

Arab Leaders Worried About Hughes Appointment. James Zogby, director of the Arab-American Institute, who has advised several administrations on both policy and public diplomacy in the Arab world, worries that Hughes will adopt "what seems to be in vogue today - the explanation that (the Arabs) don't really dislike us, they dislike their own governments, so if we advocate freedom, we'll win" as the main message for Washington to crank out to the region. [Inter-Press Service, 3/15/05]

Muslim Community Skeptical of Hughes Appointment. Muslims are skeptical of Hughes?s appointment, saying that Bush administration policies, chiefly the war in Iraq, remain sources of animosity and distrust in the Muslim world. "We can reduce anti-Americanism, but it is difficult to salvage anti-Bushism," said Muqtedar Khan, director of international studies at Adrian (Mich.) College. If Hughes makes it her task to defend the Bush administration, her appointment will prove to be "a waste of time and money," Khan said. [Religion News Service, 3/16/05]

HUGHES USED 9/11 FOR POLITICAL GAIN

Hughes Defended Politicizing 9-11 In Campaign Ads. In March 2004, during the early stages of the presidential campaign, the Bush campaign released an ad showing the charred shell of the World Trade Center, and another showing firefighters removing shrouded remains from ground zero. A firefighters union and relatives of victims objected to the politicization of 9-11. Discussing the campaign on CNN, Ms. Hughes said of the ads: ''I think it's very tasteful.? [NYT, 3/5/04]

Hughes Linked Pro-Choice Supporters to Terrorists. ?Wolf Blitzer asked the Bush adviser whether abortion would be an issue in this election. ?Well, Wolf, it?s always an issue,? she answered. ?And I frankly think it?s changing somewhat. I think after September 11th the American people are valuing life more and realizing that we need policies to value the dignity and worth of every life.? Just in case anyone didn?t get it, she added that ?the fundamental difference between us and the terror network we fight is that we value every life.?? [Goodman, Washington Post Writers Group, 4/30/04, accessed on workingforchange.com]

Democratic National Committee, www.democrats.org

A BUZZFLASH NEWS ALERT

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B2 press/advisor

The latest spinmeister is the redoubtable Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy Karen Hughes, a Bush confidant and loyalist who accepted her mandate despite having no experience in foreign affairs or in dealing with foreigners. Predictably, she has been an unmitigated disaster. Her misstatements are legion and are rooted in a cultural insensitivity that is astonishing considering that she has an experienced staff that presumably carefully weighs and shapes her public utterances. She is the ugly American writ large in her assumption that her values and views are empowering for all peoples and must have currency throughout the world. They do not. Many Second- and Third-World women are quite content with their traditional lifestyles and are not necessarily interested in being able to drive or to become "soccer moms," a distinction that apparently eludes poor Texas-centric Karen.

The intention to appoint Hughes to the State Department position was announced by President Bush on March 14, 2005. Her job was initially described in glowing terms as key to countering the anti-American sentiment that was growing worldwide and to support the "global war on terror," but she oddly was allowed to take an extensive leave of absence before assuming the position, leaving the assignment vacant. Hughes described her absence as a much needed vacation to return to her roots in Texas and spend time with her family, but in reality she quickly became involved in the Texas senatorial campaign of John Cornyn as well as other state races and began a speaking tour at a reported $50,000 a pop to build up a substantial bank account before again becoming a government servant.

One of Hughes' first moves after returning to Washington in September 2005 was to assert control and get the State Department "on message." She shaped her agenda in militaristic terms, demanding "rapid response" and calling for the deployment of "SWAT teams." All ambassadors overseas were advised that they could only speak publicly if they submitted their speeches for pre-approval by Hughes's office. They would be allowed to speak in impromptu fashion but only if they adhered strictly to the talking points send out by her office, which would focus on the "democracy agenda" and the war on terror. "If they make statements based on something I sent them," she declared, "they're not going to be called on the carpet." Speaking frankly about problems in Iraq or domestic issues like Hurricane Katrina was strictly forbidden.

<a href="http://antiwar.com/orig/giraldi.php?articleid=10632">http://antiwar.com/orig/giraldi.php?articleid=10632</a>

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