Arpad Pusztai

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">blair clinton?!</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/1-news-items/4305-the-sinister-sacking-of-the-worlds-leading-gm-expert--and-the-trail-that-leads-to-tony-blair-and-the-white-house">http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/1-news-items/4305-the-sinister-sacking-of-the-worlds-leading-gm-expert--and-the-trail-that-leads-to-tony-blair-and-the-white-house</a></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/seminar/2004/GMbios/CW.html">http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/seminar/2004/GMbios/CW.html</a></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Árpád Pusztai, Ph.D., a Hungarian born scientist, has spent many years working for the <b>Rowett Research Institute (RRI) in Aberdeen, Scotland</b>, researching the nutritive values of plant lectins and genetically modified (GM) foods ("Interview with Arpad Pusztai",2000).</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div>
</div><div>Árpád Pusztai with a potato. </div><div>(Permission Pending: Pusztai, Arpad, 2003)</div><div>
</div><div> </div><div>Pusztai received a Chemistry degree in Budapest, Hungary before attending the University of London to receive his BS in Physiology and his Ph.D. in Biochemistry. He has worked in several countries throughout the world, has published nearly 300 peer-reviewed papers and has written or edited 12 books. His area of<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> specialization has been research on the effect of dietary lectins on the gastrointestinal tract </span>(BioScience Productions, Inc., 2001).</div><div>
</div><div><b>Dr. Pusztai lost his job with RRI for expressing his opinions on the safety of genetically modified foods in a TV interview in 1998, </b>while doing research on potatoes enhanced with Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, or GNA for short. GNA is a plant lectin derived from Galanthus nivalis, commonly known as "Snowdrops" (see picture below). Lectin is a protein usually derived from plants that has antibody properties (helps protect the plant from infection or disease). The experiments he was reporting on were testing on the effects of GNA, and the effects of the GM potato when supplemented to the diets of rats. He found when GNA was mixed in with the rats' food as a protein supplement, there were no harmful effects. However, when the GM potato (modified with the GNA) was fed to the rats, it hindered growth as well as having other adverse effects. Pusztai said in a 2000 interview with the Canadian Health Coalition that many harmless substances when genetically altered, can become harmful ("Interview with Arpad Pusztai", 2000).</div><div>
</div><div>" Our studies clearly show that the effects were not due to that little gene expression, but it depended on the way the gene had been inserted into the potato genome and what it did to the potato genome."</div><div>
</div><div>-Dr. Árpád Pusztai</div><div>("Interview with Arpad Pusztai", 2000)</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Pusztai is not opposed to GM foods, but believes that there needs to be extensive testing on the crops or products before they are released on the market. He finds many safety regulations on GM foods too lenient</span> ("Interview with Arpad Pusztai", 2000).</div><div>
</div><div>Galanthus nivalis is the plant from which Dr. Pusztai obtained GNA (Picture courtesy of A. Steinbergs).<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span> </div><div>Over his years of extensive research, Pusztai finds that many GM crops have already been approved to be released on the market that may increase the toxicity of allergens in the crop, or contain unpredictable toxins themselves (BioScience Productions, Inc., 2001). Such carcinogenic and/or mutagenic toxins may be created in GM crops (PSRAST, 1998). Many crops have not been properly tested to determine if they are safe for human or animal consumption (BioScience Productions, Inc., 2001).</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>LINKS:</div><div>Pusztai Personal Web page</div><div>
</div><div>Canadian Health Coalition</div><div>
</div><div>Genetically Modified Foods: </div><div>Are They a Risk to Human/Animal Health?</div><div>
</div><div>Inadequate GM Food Regulations</div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 19.2px;"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The history of events and the quotes below are adapted from Andy Rowell's book, <i>Don't Worry, It's Safe to Eat</i>, Earthscan, 2003, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Special:BookSources/1853839329" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ISBN 1853839329</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On 10 August 1998 the GM debate changed forever with the broadcast of a programme on British TV about GM food safety featuring a brief but revealing interview with Dr <strong class="selflink">Arpad Pusztai</strong> about his research into GM food safety. Dr Pusztai told of his findings on the ill effects of GM potatoes on laboratory rats. He was subsequently gagged and suspended by his institute, the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Rowett_Research_Institute" title="Rowett Research Institute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Rowett Research Institute</a> in Scotland, his research team was disbanded, and his research data was confiscated. He was subjected to a campaign of vilification and misrepresentation by several pro-GM scientific bodies and pro-GM lobbyists, in an attempt to discredit him and his research.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The story began three years earlier. That's when the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> UK government's Scottish Office commissioned a three-year multi-centre research programme into the safety of GM food under the coordination of Dr Arpad Pusztai. At that time there was not a single publication in a peer-reviewed journal on the safety of GM food.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Dr Pusztai, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,</b> was an eminent scientist. He was the world's leading expert on the plant proteins known as lectins. He had published three books and over 270 scientific studies.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He and his team fought off competition from 28 other research organisations from across Europe to be awarded the GBP1.6 million contract by the Scottish Office. The project methodology was also reviewed and passed by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) - the UK government's main funding body for the biological sciences.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The research involved feeding GM potatoes to rats and monitoring physiological changes. By late 1997 preliminary results from the rat-feeding experiments were showing totally unexpected and worrying changes in the size and weight of the rat's body organs. Liver and heart sizes were getting smaller, and so was the brain. There were also indications that the rats' immune systems were weakening.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr Pusztai was interviewed for a programme about GM food being made by Granada TV's World in Action. The filming took place in late June 1998 with the agreement of the director of the Rowett Institute, Professor <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Philip_James&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip James (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Philip James</a>, and in the presence of the Rowett Institute's press officer. The World in Action interview was broadcast on the evening of Monday 10 August 1998.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Later that evening Professor James congratulated Dr Pusztai on his TV appearance, commenting on "how well Arpad had handled the questions". The next day a further press release from the Rowett noted that 'a range of carefully controlled studies underlie the basis of Dr Pusztai's concerns'. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">However, reportedly following two calls to the Rowett from the Prime Minister's Office, the Government, the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Royal Society</a> and the Rowett launched a vitriolic campaign to sack, silence and ridicule Dr Pusztai.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He was accused of unprofessional conduct because his work had not been peer-reviewed. However, his research subsequently passed peer-review after being reviewed by a larger than usual panel of scientists and was published (see below). Many people also take the view that in circumstances where research is giving rise to serious concerns that may need to be addressed sooner rather than later, it is acceptable for scientists to act as whistle blowers and draw attention to the problems their research is uncovering even prior to peer-reviewed publication.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Government criticised the methodology of Pusztai's research despite the fact that this had been approved in advance by its own </span><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Biotechnology_and_Biological_Sciences_Research_Council" title="Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Neither the Government nor any other official body has ever repeated or refined Dr Pusztai's experiments to test the validity of his results.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Royal Society and its leading Fellows were key players in the attacks on Dr Pusztai from the time he went public with doubts about the safety of GM foods. In February </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">1999, for instance, nineteen Fellows of the Royal Society condemned Pusztai, in all but name, in a letter published in the national press. Among the signatories was <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Peter_Lachmann" title="Peter Lachmann" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Peter Lachmann</a>, who played a key role in the attacks on Pusztai.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Three months later in May 1999 the Royal Society published a partial 'peer review' of Pusztai's then unpublished research. This review was based not on a properly prepared paper, like that Pusztai and his collaborator Ewen submitted to The Lancet for peer-review, but on a far-from-complete internal report intended for use by Pusztai's research team at the Rowett Institute.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Richard Horton, editor of The Lancet, described the Royal Society review as 'a gesture of breathtaking impertinence to the Rowett Institute scientists who should be judged only on the full and final publication of their work.'</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The Royal Society's review was organised by members of a working group appointed by the Society in coordination with the Society's officers. The Royal Society claimed that anyone who had already commented on the Pusztai affair had been excluded from this decision making process in order to avoid bias. However, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=William_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hill (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">William Hill</a>, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Patrick_Bateson" title="Patrick Bateson" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Patrick Bateson</a>, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Brian_Heap" title="Brian Heap" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Brian Heap</a> and <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Eric_Ash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Ash (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Eric Ash</a>, who were all involved, were all among the co-signatories of the letter condemning Pusztai that had been published in The Daily Telegraph back in February.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In addition, four key people involved, including the Chair of the working group, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Noreen_Murray" title="Noreen Murray" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Noreen Murray</a>, as well as Brian Heap, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Rebecca_Bowden" title="Rebecca Bowden" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Rebecca Bowden</a> and Sir <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Aaron Klug</a>, were all part of the earlier working group that had issued the Royal Society's 1998 report supporting GM foods.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There were other issues of bias. For instance, William Hill, the chair of the Pusztai working group, was also the deputy chair of the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Roslin_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roslin Institute (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Roslin Institute</a>, famous for genetically modifying animals and for cloning Dolly the sheep. Roslin in turn had links to <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Geron_Biomed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geron Biomed (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Geron Biomed</a> for whom Lachmann consulted. Similarly, Noreen Murray was the wife of the co-founder of Europe's first biotechnology company, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Biogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biogen (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Biogen</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Undaunted by the Royal Society's attack on their unpublished work, Pusztai and his co-researcher, Prof Stanley Ewen, submitted their final paper on their experiments to The Lancet. It was sent to six reviewers, double the normal number, and a clear majority were in favour of its publication.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">However, prior to publication the Lancet's editor Richard Horton received a phone call from Peter Lachmann, the former Vice-President of the Royal Society. According to Horton, Lachmann called him "immoral" for publishing something he knew to be 'untrue'. Towards the end of the conversation Horton says Lachmann also told him that if he published Pusztai's paper, this would "have implications for his personal position" as editor.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Guardian broke the news of Horton being threatened in November 1999 in a front-page story. It quoted Horton saying that the Royal Society had acted like a Star Chamber over the Pusztai affair: "The Royal Society has absolutely no remit to conduct that sort of inquiry." Lachmann denied threatening Horton although he admitted making the phone call in order to discuss the pending publication.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Guardian also talked of a GM 'rebuttal unit' operating from within the Royal Society. According to the journalist Andy Rowell, who helped research The Guardian article, Rebecca Bowden, who had coordinated the Pusztai peer-review and who had worked for the Government's Biotechnology Unit before joining The Royal Society in 1998, admitted to the paper, 'We have an organization that filters the news out there. It's really an information exchange to keep an eye on what's happening and to know what the government is having problems about … its just so that I know who to put up.'</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The attacks on The Lancet editor and his decision to publish Pusztai's paper continued. Sir Aaron Klug, vigorously opposed the publication of Pusztai's research, saying it was fatally flawed in design because the protein content of the diets which control groups of rats were fed on was not the same as that of the other diets. Pusztai commented: 'In fact, the paper clearly states that ALL diets had the same protein content and were iso-energetic. I cannot assume that Sir Aaron is not sufficiently intelligent to read a simple statement as that, so the only conclusion I can come to is that he deliberately briefed the reporters with something that was untrue.'</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard Horton remained unbowed. 'Stanley Ewen and Arpad Pusztai's research letter,' he wrote, 'was published on grounds of scientific merit, as well as public interest'. What Sir Aaron Klug from the Royal Society cannot 'defend is the reckless decision of the Royal Society to abandon the principles of due process in passing judgement on their work. To review and then publish criticism of these researchers' findings without publishing either their original data or their response was, at best, unfair and ill-judged'.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The attacks continue unabated. Peter Lachmann's successor as Biological Secretary of the Royal Society, Patrick Bateson, told readers of the British Association's journal Science and Public Affairs that The Lancet had only published Pusztai's research 'in the face of objections by its statistically-competent referees' (June 2002, Mavericks are not always right). Bateson, presumably deliberately, inverts the fact that Pusztai's Lancet paper successfully came through a peer review process that was far more stringent than that applying to most published papers.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In an article in The Independent, giving the Royal Society's views on why the public no longer trusts experts like themselves - 'Scientists blame media and fraud for fall in public trust' - Pusztai's work is categorised as 'fraud'. Pusztai's peer reviewers, we are told in the article, 'refused it for publication, citing numerous flaws in its methods - notably that the rats in the experiment had not been fed GM potatoes, but normal ones spiked with a toxin that GM potatoes might have made.' Almost every word of this is straight fabrication. There was no fraud. Rats were fed GM potatoes. The publication of Pusztai's Lancet paper was supported by a clear majority of its peer reviewers, etc. etc. It is particularly ironic that such a travesty should have been published in an article reporting the Royal Society's concerns about the reporting of science in the media.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In February 2002 a new Royal Society report on GM crops was published as an update to the Society's September 1998 report on GM. The expert group which produced it was much more broadly based than in '98 and the report took a noticeably more cautious line. 'British Scientists Turn on GM Foods', ran The Guardian's headline on a report which included an admission 'that GM technology could lead to... unpredicted harmful changes in the nutritional status of foods'.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The expert group was chaired by Jim Smith, who had sat on the Society's Pusztai working group, and tucked away inside the report was a paragraph on Pusztai. Once again, it was designed to mislead.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The first part of the paragraph read: 'In June 1999, the Royal Society published a report, review of data on possible toxicity of GM potatoes, in response to claims made by Dr Pusztai (Ewen and Pusztai, 1999). The report found that Dr Pusztai had produced no convincing evidence of adverse effects from GM potatoes on the growth of rats or their immune function.’</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Royal Society report references the phrase 'claims made by Dr Pusztai' - claims it said it had reviewed - to the article published by Pusztai and Ewen in The Lancet in 1999. In fact, however, the Royal Society’s partial review of Pusztai's research was published months before The Lancet article appeared. The Royal Society thus conceals the fact that it had only ever reviewed part of Pusztai's data, condemning him ahead of publication of his actual paper.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The 2002 report continued: 'It concluded that the only way to clarify Dr Pusztai's claims would be to refine his experimental design and carry out further studies to test clearly defined hypotheses focused on the specific effects reported by him. Such studies, on the results of feeding GM sweet peppers and GM tomatoes to rats, and GM soya to mice and rats, have now been completed and no adverse effects have been found (Gasson and Burke, 2001).'</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But the Gasson and Burke paper, to which these further feeding studies are referenced by the Society, was not a piece of primary research but an 'opinion' piece written by two pro-GM scientists, Mike Gasson and Derek Burke. Worse, one of t he two further studies mentioned had not even been published, except by way of summary, ie it had never been fully peer-reviewed. In other words, the Royal Society uses an unpublished and non-peer-reviewed study to attack Pusztai, two years after it had condemned him for speaking to the media prior to publishing his work in a peer-reviewed journal.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In response to criticism, the Royal Society admitted that the work in question remained unpublished but said this was not a problem because 'it had been discussed at international scientific conferences'. By this definition, however, Pusztai's research would have been equally validated before the Society ever launched its partial review as it had been presented at an international conference prior to the Society's review.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Andy Rowell, author of a book that deals extensively with the Royal Society's role in the Pusztai affair, writes, 'the fundamental flaw in the scientific establishment's response is not that they try and damn Pusztai with unpublished data, nor is it that they have overlooked published studies [supporting Pusztai's concerns], but that in 1999, everyone agreed that more work was needed. Three years later, that work remains to be undertaken... [A] scientific body, like The Royal Society, that allocates millions in research funds every year, could have funded a repeat of Pusztai's experiments.'</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Nobody ever has.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai#cite_note-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><table id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 5px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; width: auto; display: inline; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h2><span class="toctoggle"> [<a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai#Dr_Pusztai_on_the_10th_anniversary_of_GM_safety_scandal" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Dr Pusztai on the 10th anniversary of GM safety scandal</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai#Biography" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></font></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai#Resources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Resources</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></font></a></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Dr_Pusztai_on_the_10th_anniversary_of_GM_safety_scandal"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr Pusztai on the 10th anniversary of GM safety scandal</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The following is an email of 10 August 2008 from Dr Pusztai to Claire Robinson and Jonathan Matthews of GMWatch, in which</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Dr Pusztai comments on the 10th anniversary of the television interview.</span></font></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dear Claire and Jonathan,</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I thought that I should write to you on the 10th anniversary of my 150 seconds of TV "fame" and tell you what I think now. It is very appropriate to write to you because you have provided the most comprehensive service to inform people about the shenanigans of the GM biotechnology industry and its advocates.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On this anniversary I have to admit that, unfortunately, not much has changed since 1998. In one of the few sentences I said in my broadcast ten years ago, I asked for a credible GM testing protocol to be established that would be acceptable to the majority of scientists and to people in general. 10 years on we still haven't got one. Instead, in </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Europe we have an unelected EFSA GMO Panel with no clear responsibility to European consumers,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> which invariably underwrites the safety of whatever product the GM biotech industry is pushing onto us.</span></font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All of us asked for independent, transparent and inclusive research into the safety of GM plants, and particularly those used in foods. There is not much sign of this either. There are still "many opinions but very few data"; less than three dozen peer-reviewed scientific papers have been published describing the results of work relating to GM safety that could actually be regarded as being of an academic standard; and the majority of even these is from industry-supported labs. Instead we have the likes of Tony Trewavas and others writing unsupported claims for the safety of GM food and defaming people like Rachel Carson who can no longer defend herself; not that she needs to be defended from such nonentities.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In normal times one would not pay much attention to such people desperately trying to be seen as the advocates of true science, but these are not normal times. The mostly engineered (GM engineered) food crisis gives the GM biotech industry and its warriors an opportunity to come to the fore with claims that GM is the only way to save a hungry world; a claim not much supported by responsible bodies, such as the IAASTD. The advocates of GM also now think that they have found a chink in the armory of people's resolve that they can exploit by telling us that we would not be able to feed our animals without GM feedstuffs. In this way, they hope to bring in GM by the backdoor. Please remember that whatever our animals eat, we shall also get back indirectly. Rather ominously, there has been no work whatever to show the safety of the meat of GM-fed animals.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We must not underestimate the financial and political clout of the GM biotechnology industry. Most of our politicians are committed to the successful introduction of GM foods. We must therefore use all means at our disposal to show people the shallowness of these claims by the industry and the lack of credible science behind them, and then trust to people's good sense, just as in 1998, to see through the falseness of the claims for the safety of untested GM foods.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Let's hope that on the 20th anniversary I shall not have to write another warning letter about the dangers of untested GM foods!</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Best wishes to all</font></dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Arpad Pusztai</font></dd></dl><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Biography"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Biography</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Dr Pusztai has a PhD from the University of London in biochemistry and physiology, and is former senior scientist at the Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland. Dr Pusztai was dismissed from the Rowett Research Institute after he went public with his research on GM potatoes in 1998. The research was finally published in <i>The Lancet</i> in 1999.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 2005, Dr Pusztai was honoured with a whistleblower award from the Federation of German Scientist</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">s. Since his research was made public he has given close to 200 lectures across the world.</span></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Resources</font></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spinprofiles.org/index.php/Interview_with_Arpad_Pusztai_on_his_experimental_findings_on_GM_potatoes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Interview</a> with Dr Arpad Pusztai about his experimental findings on GM potatoes and the subsequent political fallout.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_18101.cfm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Arpad Pusztai and the Risks of Genetic Engineering</a>, interview with Arpad Pusztai by Ken Roseboro, The Organic and Non-GMO Report, June 2009</font></p><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Notes</font></span></h3><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li id="cite_note-0" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai#cite_ref-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Andy Rowell, <i>Don't Worry: Its Safe To Eat</i>, Earthscan, 2003, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Special:BookSources/1853839329" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ISBN 1853839329</a>. See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lobbywatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=113" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">http://www.lobbywatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=113</a></span></font></li></ol></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Categories</a>: </font><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:GM" title="Category:GM" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">GM</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:Corporate_Science(GM)" title="Category:Corporate Science (GM)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Corporate Science (GM)</a></li></ul></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 19.2px;"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Sir Peter Lachmann </b>is professor of immunology at the University of Cambridge, and a former vice president and biological secretary of the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Royal Society</a>, as well as a former president of the UK's <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Academy of Medical Sciences" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Academy of Medical Sciences</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lachmann chaired the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Royal Society</a> expert group which produced the Society's first report on GM crops in 1998. Entitled 'Genetically Modified Plants for Food Use', it broadly concluded that the use of GM plants had the potential to offer benefits in agricultural practice, food quality, nutrition and health.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Peter Lachmann is a member of the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Sense_About_Science" title="Sense About Science" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Sense About Science</a> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">working party on peer review, and is also on the Advisory Council of </span><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Sense_About_Science" title="Sense About Science" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Sense About Science</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. He is also an advisor to the </span><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Genetic_Interest_Group" title="Genetic Interest Group" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Genetic Interest Group</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, to which SmithKline Beecham have also been controversially linked.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lachmann has also been</font></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">a scientific advisor to <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/SmithKline_Beecham" title="SmithKline Beecham" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">SmithKline Beecham</a>;</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">a former non-executive director and current chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Adprotech_plc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adprotech plc (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Adprotech plc</a>, a biotech company which Lachmann helped spin out from SmithKline Beecham;</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">a consultant to <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Geron_Biomed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geron Biomed (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Geron Biomed</a>, which markets the cloning technology behind Dolly the sheep.</font></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lachmann was one of the Fellows of the Royal Society who were key players in the attacks on Dr <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai" title="Arpad Pusztai" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Arpad Pusztai</a> from the time he went public with doubts about the safety of GM foods. In February 1999, for instance, Lachmann was among the nineteen Fellows of the Royal Society who condemned Pusztai, in all but name, in a letter published in the national press.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Peter_Lachmann#cite_note-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lachmann's most notorious intervention in the GM debate occurred in 1999 in the run up to the Lancet's publication of Dr <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai" title="Arpad Pusztai" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Arpad Pusztai</a>'s paper showing adverse effects on rats fed on GM potatoes. The Lancet's editor, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Richard_Horton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Horton (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Richard Horton</a>, received a phone call from someone <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,3923559-103528,00.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">The Guardian</a> newspaper identified as Lachmann. Lachmann was said to have been highly aggressive. He is said to have called Horton 'immoral' for publishing something that he knew to be 'untrue'. Towards the end of the conversation Horton says his caller told him that if he published Pusztai's paper, this would 'have implications for his personal position' as editor. News of the threat against Horton, which Lachmann denied, made the front-page of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,3923559-103528,00.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">The Guardian</a> in November 1999.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A few months earlier Lachmann had responded in print to Horton's criticism of the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Royal Society</a>'s review of Pusztai's then unpublished research. Horton had declared it 'a gesture of breathtaking impertinence to the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Rowett_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowett Institute (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Rowett Institute</a> scientists who should be judged only on the full and final publication of their work.' In a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mad-cow.org/UKGMO/Lancet.html#peter" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">letter</a> to The Lancet, Lachmann attacked both The Lancet and the British Medical Association (BMA) for 'aligning' themselves over GM crops 'with the tabloid press in opposition to the Royal Society and Nuffield Council on BioEthics'. His letter concluded with an expression of concern about the potentially serious damage that 'this campaign of vilification does to the science base and the prosperity of the UK'.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Following publication of Arpad Pusztai and his co-researcher Stanley Ewen's paper in the Lancet, Lachmann wrote another letter to the journal. He called the paper 'unacceptable'. Pusztai and Ewen responded that if the research needed to be repeated, as Lachmann had said, then why hadn't that happened? 'If Lachmann represents the view of the Academy of Medical Sciences on GM-food safety, he should use his influence to make funds available foir the continuation of this work in the UK.' Prof Ewen, who was based at the University of Aberdeen, says he received a warning after the letter was published. 'Because we attacked him, it was bad for any university. I was told not to be so provocative.' Eventually, Prof Ewen felt he had no option but to retire from his academic post.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lachmann had been among the founding Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences as well as the Academy's inaugural president - a post which he took up immediately on completing his term as biological secretary at the Royal Society.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Academy was established in 1998 to have the 'authority to speak out on the multitude of public policy issues that involve the biomedical disciplines', as well as to provide 'expert advice to Government and policy makers'. 'Regulation of Biotechnology' is one of the key areas in which it has provided advice.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lachmann was also able to use his presidency of the Academy as another platform for attacks on The Lancet</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. In an article in the Academy's first </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" background-attachment="background-attachment" initial="initial" background-color="background-color" background-size="background-size" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Fellowship Newsletter</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, Lachmann wrote that the medical sciences were beset by 'controversial issues - including also the problems of genetically modified food discussed at our Edinburgh regional meeting.' The Academy, Lachmann said, needed to defend 'rational science in the face of wild scare stories. The Academy has found itself much embroiled in this now first year and there's no sign that our involvement is likely to diminish.' The Academy had also set up a working group on how to deal with the media. 'This is a matter of major importance for a new, and as yet little known body, and the experiences that both our sister academy, the Royal Society and we have had in the last year, not least with The Lancet, highlight the difficulties to be overcome.'</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lachmann also used the Academy as a platform for attacks on the British Medical Association over their cautious stance on GM. In December 2002, for instance, in a letter to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,59-501926,00.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">The Times</a> he and three co-signatories expressed concern 'that the recent call from the British Medical Association for the Scottish Executive to halt GM field trials should not be taken to reflect wider medical opinion.'</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One of the letter's co-signatories was <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Bridget_Ogilvie" title="Bridget Ogilvie" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bridget Ogilvie</a>, who is the Vice Chair of <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Sense_About_Science" title="Sense About Science" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sense About Science</a>. The letter concluded, 'Scientific and medical developments in areas from gene therapy to immunology will not be possible if trials and applications can be curtailed on the basis of concerns without scientific foundation.'</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The letter also criticised the BMA for giving its opinion despite 'no expertise in plant science'. Although Lachman has repeatedly made this criticism, he has failed to explain how on that basis a professor of immunology like himself has given his opinion so freely and so authoritatively on this issue. In an item broadcast on BBC Radio 4's Today programme in January 2003, for instance, Lachmann stated, 'Food is food and medicines are medicines and I think that food, whether it's brought about by conventional plant breeding or by the insertion of genes, is really much the same.' From a scientific point of view, it is impossible to make such a generalised statement - differences may arise both intentionaly and unintentionally.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lachmann's comments were included in reports, run by the BBC's science correspondent <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Pallab_Ghosh" title="Pallab Ghosh" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pallab Ghosh</a>, which claimed that at the urging of <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Sense_about_Science" title="Sense about Science" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sense about Science</a>, the British Medical Association had decided to review its cautious policy on GM in its 1999 report on the subject and issue a new report. Lachmann told Ghosh that the BMA's original 1999 report had been based on research which was now 'discredited' - presumably, a reference to Pusztai.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lachmann was presented as if he were a spokesperson for the BMA rather than a critic. In fact, the biotechnology company Bayer subsequently quoted Lachmann's comments in an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.number-10.gov.uk/su/gm_sub2/Bayer_Environment&Health.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAE5JREFUeF5lykEKgDAMBdF/+17Es/QkiosiCBURXIzJooZohmweX6gwmkCeI+Oqc2C1FnvnF2ejlQYU0tLK2NjY6f/l8V12Ti7uhFFgDj19b58EwXuqkAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg) 100% 50% no-repeat;">official submission</a> to the government's economic review in which they referred to Lachmann as 'the new Director of Science at the BMA'.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The BMA responded on the day of the broadcast with a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngin.tripod.com/310103g.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">press release</a> in which Dr Vivienne Nathanson, Head of BMA Science and Ethics, stated that, 'Today's BBC reports stating why the BMA would be undertaking a future report of GM crops and food is wrong.'The BMA press release also stated, 'The claim that we have been persuaded by the organisation Sense about Science to review our policy is simply wrong.' The BMA said that it's review was, in fact, routine as the original report had been of an interim nature. The BBC subsequently amended its online report in the light of the BMA statement. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2711801.stm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">amended report</a> clarified who Lachmann was, describing him as a 'vocal proponent' of GM crops.</font></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lachmann has also been a vocal proponent of human embryo cloning for the purpose of harvesting embryonic stem cells. Ernst Helmreich of the University of Warzburg, responding to a Lachmann piece in the journal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/embor/journal/v2/n6/full/embor398.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Nature</a>, made a point that many would regard as applicable to Lachmann's cavalier attitude to genetically engineered crops, 'What I missed in Professor Lachmann's article... is the acknowledgement that stem cell therapy is fundamentally different from other treatments... Implantation of stem cells will profoundly interfere with the regulatory circuitry of our cells and tissues. It is, therefore, not surprising to someone familiar with cellular regulation, that implantation of stem cells into the brain of Parkinson patients caused side effects that were worse than the disease itself.'</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/377420.stm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Geron Biomed</a>, for whom Lachmann has been a consultant, has long been a keen supporter of embryo cloning - unsurprisingly, given its involvement in cloning technology, and has made the transition from animal cloning to human embryo stem cell research.</font></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It is interesting to note, given the extremity of Lachmann's concern over the quality of Pusztai's research and Lachmann's aggressive complaints about the Lancet's publication of Pusztai's paper, that the Academy of Medical Sciences drew strong criticism during Lachmann's presidency over the feebleness of its response to the problem of research fraud. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-scientist.com/news/20030127/06" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Committee on Publication Ethics</a> (Cope), a body formed by journal editors, described the Academy's plan to leave the problem to employers, as 'toothless' and lacking 'sufficient clout' to make any real difference. The British Medical Journal's editor, Richard Smith, warned further research misconduct was inevitable in such circumstances. 'Questions will then be asked about what the scientific establishment has done to respond to a problem identified more than 20 years ago. The answers, unfortunately, will embarrass us all.'</font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Notes</font></span></h2><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li id="cite_note-0" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Peter_Lachmann#cite_ref-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Laurie Flynn and Michael Sean Gillard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/1999/nov/01/gm.food" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Pro-GM food scientist 'threatened editor'</a>, The Guardian, 1 November 1999, accessed 17 Dec 2009</span></font></li></ol></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Categories</a>: </font><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:GM" title="Category:GM" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">GM</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:Pro-GM_Lobbyists" title="Category:Pro-GM Lobbyists" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pro-GM Lobbyists</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:Corporate_Science(GM)" title="Category:Corporate Science (GM)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Corporate Science (GM)</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:Industry-Friendly_Experts" title="Category:Industry-Friendly Experts" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Industry-Friendly Experts</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><div class="content no-heading cleared main-content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-width: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 23.9167px;"><h2 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Transgenes spread to wild crops in Mexico: Unknown</font></h2><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2000, some rural farmers in the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico, wanted to gain organic certification for the maize (corn) they grew and sold in the hope of generating extra income. David Quist, then a microbial ecologist at the University of California, Berkeley, agreed to help in exchange for access to their lands for a research project. But Quist’s genetic analyses uncovered a surprise: the locally produced maize contained a segment of the DNA used to spur expression of transgenes in Monsanto’s glyphosate-tolerant and insect-resistant maize<sup style="line-height: 0;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/case-studies-a-hard-look-at-gm-crops-1.12907#b9" id="ref-link-9" title="Quist, D. & Chapela I. H. Nature 414, 541–543 (2001)." class="ref-link" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;">9</a></sup>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GM crops are not approved for commercial production in Mexico. So the transgenes probably came from GM crops imported from the United States for consumption and planted by local farmers who probably didn’t know that the seeds were transgenic. Quist speculated at the time that the local maize probably cross-bred with these GM varieties, thereby picking up the transgenic DNA.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When the discovery was published in <i>Nature</i>, a media and political circus descended on Oaxaca. Many vilified Monsanto for contaminating maize at its historic origin — a place where the crop was considered sacred. And Quist’s study came under fire for technical deficiencies, including problems with the methods used to detect the transgenes and the authors’ conclusion that transgenes can fragment and scatter throughout the genome<sup style="line-height: 0; margin-left: 0.15em;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/case-studies-a-hard-look-at-gm-crops-1.12907#b10" id="ref-link-10" title="Metz, M. & Fütterer, J. Nature 416, 600–601 (2002)." class="ref-link" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;">10</a></sup>. <i>Nature</i> eventually withdrew support for the paper but stopped short of retracting it. “The evidence available is not sufficient to justify the publication of the original paper,” read an editorial footnote to a critique<sup style="line-height: 0; margin-left: 0.15em;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/case-studies-a-hard-look-at-gm-crops-1.12907#b10" id="ref-link-11" title="Metz, M. & Fütterer, J. Nature 416, 600–601 (2002)." class="ref-link" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;">10</a></sup> of the research published in 2002.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Since then, few rigorous studies of transgene flow into Mexican maize have been published, owing mainly to a dearth of research funding, and they show mixed results. In 2003–04, Allison Snow, a plant ecologist at Ohio State University in Columbus, sampled</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> 870 plants taken from 125 fields in Oaxaca </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and found no transgenic sequences in maize seeds</span><sup style="line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/case-studies-a-hard-look-at-gm-crops-1.12907#b11" id="ref-link-12" title="Ortiz-Garcia, S. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 12338–12343 (2005)." class="ref-link" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;">11</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But in 2009, a study</span><sup style="line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/case-studies-a-hard-look-at-gm-crops-1.12907#b12" id="ref-link-13" title="Piñeyro-Nelson, A. et al. Mol. Ecol. 18, 750–761 (2009)." class="ref-link" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;">12</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> led by Elena Alvarez-Buylla, a molecular ecologist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City, and Alma Piñeyro-Nelson, a plant molecular geneticist now at the </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">University of California, Berkeley, found the same transgenes as Quist in three samples taken from 23 sites in Oaxaca in 2001, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and in two samples taken from those sites in 2004.</span><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> In another study, Alvarez-Buylla and her co-authors found evidence of transgenes in a small percentage of seeds from </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">1,765 households across Mexico</span><sup style="line-height: 0;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/case-studies-a-hard-look-at-gm-crops-1.12907#b13" id="ref-link-14" title="Dyer, G. A. et al. PLoS ONE 4, e5734 (2009)." class="ref-link" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">1</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3</span></a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Other studies conducted within local communities have found transgenes more consistently, but few have been published</span><sup style="line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/case-studies-a-hard-look-at-gm-crops-1.12907#b14" id="ref-link-15" title="Mercer, K. L. & Wainwright, J. D. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 123, 109–115 (2008)." class="ref-link" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;">14</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Snow and Alvarez-Buylla agree that differences in sampling methods can lead to discrepancies in transgene detection. “We sampled different fields,” says Snow. “They found them but we didn’t.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The scientific community remains split on whether transgenes have infiltrated maize populations in Mexico, even as the country grapples with whether to approve commercialization of <i>Bt</i> maize.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It seems inevitable that there will be a movement of transgenes into local maize crops,” says Snow. “There is some proof that it is happening, but it is very difficult to say how common it is or what are the consequences.” Alvarez-Buylla argues that the spread of transgenes will harm the health of Mexican maize and change characteristics, such as a variety’s look and taste, that are important to rural farmers. Once the transgenes are present, it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to get rid of them, she says. Critics speculate that GM traits that accumulate in the genomes of local maize populations over time could eventually affect plant fitness by using up energy and resources or by disrupting metabolic processes, for example.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Snow says that there is no evidence so far for negative effects. And she expects that if the transgenes now in use drift to other plants, they will have neutral or beneficial effects on plant growth. In 2003, Snow and her colleagues showed that when <i>Bt</i> sunflowers (<i>Helianthus annuus</i>) were bred with their wild counterparts, transgenic offspring still required the same kind of close care as its cultivated parent but were less vulnerable to insects and produced more seeds than non-transgenic plants<sup style="line-height: 0; margin-left: 0.15em;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/case-studies-a-hard-look-at-gm-crops-1.12907#b15" id="ref-link-16" title="Snow, A. et al. Ecol. Appl. 13, 279–286 (2003)." class="ref-link" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;">15</a></sup>. Few similar studies have been conducted, says Snow, because the companies that own the rights to the technology are generally unwilling to let academic researchers perform the experiments.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In Mexico, the story goes beyond potential environmental impacts. Kevin Pixley, a crop scientist and the director of the genetic resources programme at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre in El Batan, Mexico, says that scientists arguing on behalf of GM technologies in the country have missed a crucial point. “Most of the scientific community doesn’t understand the depth of the emotional and cultural affiliation maize has for the Mexican population,” he says.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.65em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tidy stories, in favour of or against GM crops, will always miss the bigger picture, which is nuanced, equivocal and undeniably messy. Transgenic crops will not solve all the agricultural challenges facing the developing or developed world, says Qaim: “It is not a silver bullet.” But vilification is not appropriate either. The truth is somewhere in the middle.</font></p></div><dl class="citation" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 23.9167px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><dd class="journal-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; font-style: italic; display: inline;">Nature</dd> <dd class="volume" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; font-weight: bold; display: inline;">497,</dd> <dd class="page" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; display: inline;">24–26</dd> <dd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; display: inline;">(<time datetime="2013-05-02">02 May 2013</time>)</dd> <dd class="doi" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px; display: inline; background: url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQAKAIAAAHl5eQAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAABAAoAAAIDhI8FADs=) 0px 0.4ex no-repeat;"><abbr title="Digital Object Identifier" style="border: 0px;">doi</abbr>:10.1038/497024a</dd></font></dl></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><div id="r1-0" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Pusztai" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Árpád</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Pusztai" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; 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font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Árpád</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> (8 September 1930) is a Hungarian-born biochemist and nutritionist who spent 36 years at the Rowett Research Institute in Aberdeen, Scotland.</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; 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font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Pusztai" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">en.wikipedia.org</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/wiki/Árpád_Pusztai</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-1" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.psrast.org/pusztai.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> - Genetically Engineered Food - Safety Problems.</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://www.psrast.org/pusztai.htm" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">World renowned scientist lost his job when he warned about GE foods Dr <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> evoked world wide media attention in August 1998, when he said in British TV that ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:www.psrast.org" title="Search domain www.psrast.org" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(109, 89, 163);"><img title="Search domain www.psrast.org" height="16" width="16" class="resulticonimg" src="https://icons.duckduckgo.com/ip2/www.psrast.org.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="http://www.psrast.org/pusztai.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">psrast.org</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/pusztai.htm</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-2" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusztai_affair" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> affair - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusztai_affair" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> affair is a controversy that began in 1998 after protein scientist <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Árpád</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> went public with research he was conducting at the Rowett Institute ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; 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font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusztai_affair" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">en.wikipedia.org</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/wiki/Pusztai_affair</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-3" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.mindfully.org/GE/Arpad-Pusztai-Potato.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span>: the verdict GM food: safe or unsafe?</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://www.mindfully.org/GE/Arpad-Pusztai-Potato.htm" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> added: "I never spoke about GM foods. I only spoke about GM potatoes which we worked on. In science you cannot jump from one ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:www.mindfully.org" title="Search domain www.mindfully.org" style="margin: 0px; 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font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">mindfully.org</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/GE/Arpad-Pusztai-Potato.htm</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-4" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://farmwars.info/?p=9306" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr. <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> - Farm Wars</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://farmwars.info/?p=9306" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The body will regard any Genetically Modified Food coming into the digestive system as foreign." Dr.<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span></font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; 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border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/jan/15/academicexperts.highereducationprofile" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Randerson interviews biologist <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> ...</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/jan/15/academicexperts.highereducationprofile" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contrary to the belief of some in the scientific community, Dr <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> does not have horns or a malevolent cackle. Nor does he inhabit an imposing gothic ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:www.theguardian.com" title="Search domain www.theguardian.com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(109, 89, 163);"><img title="Search domain www.theguardian.com" height="16" width="16" class="resulticonimg" src="https://icons.duckduckgo.com/ip2/www.theguardian.com.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="http://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/jan/15/academicexperts.highereducationprofile" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">theguardian.com</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/education/2008/jan/15/academicexperts.hig...</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-6" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/seminar/2004/GMbios/CW.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Untitled Document [www.bio.davidson.edu]</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/seminar/2004/GMbios/CW.html" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr. <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> lost his job with RRI for expressing his opinions on the safety of genetically modified foods in a TV interview in 1998, while doing research on potatoes ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:www.bio.davidson.edu" title="Search domain www.bio.davidson.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(109, 89, 163);"><img title="Search domain www.bio.davidson.edu" height="16" width="16" class="resulticonimg" src="https://icons.duckduckgo.com/ip2/www.bio.davidson.edu.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/seminar/2004/GMbios/CW.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">bio.davidson.edu</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/people/kabernd/seminar/2004/GMbios/CW.html</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-7" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> - Powerbase</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> on the 10th anniversary of GM safety scandal. The following is an email of 10 August 2008 from Dr <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> to Claire Robinson and Jonathan Matthews of ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:powerbase.info" title="Search domain powerbase.info" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(109, 89, 163);"><img title="Search domain powerbase.info" height="16" width="16" class="resulticonimg" src="https://icons.duckduckgo.com/ip2/powerbase.info.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">powerbase.info</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/index.php/Arpad_Pusztai</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-8" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.amazon.com/Arpad-Pusztai/e/B00458A256" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Amazon.com: <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span>: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks ...</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://www.amazon.com/Arpad-Pusztai/e/B00458A256" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Visit Amazon.com's <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> Page and shop for all <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> books and other <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span>related products (DVD, CDs, Apparel). Check out pictures ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:www.amazon.com" title="Search domain www.amazon.com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(109, 89, 163);"><img title="Search domain www.amazon.com" height="16" width="16" class="resulticonimg" src="https://duckduckgo.com/assets/icons/favicons/amazon.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="http://www.amazon.com/Arpad-Pusztai/e/B00458A256" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">amazon.com</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/Arpad-Pusztai/e/B00458A256</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-9" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotechnology/pusztai.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Actionbioscience | Genetically Modified Foods: Are They a ...</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotechnology/pusztai.html" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Genetically Modified Foods: Are They a Risk to Human/Animal Health? <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span></font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:www.actionbioscience.org" title="Search domain www.actionbioscience.org" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(109, 89, 163);"><img title="Search domain www.actionbioscience.org" height="16" width="16" class="resulticonimg" src="https://icons.duckduckgo.com/ip2/www.actionbioscience.org.ico" style="margin: 0px; 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padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.cielap.org/pdf/ArpadPusztai.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulttype" style="margin: -0.2em 0px 0px; padding: 1px 0.35em 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 3px; display: inline-block; position: relative; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); -webkit-user-select: none; top: -1px; background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);">PDF</span> Dr <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> MSc, PhD, FRSE - CIELAP.org</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://www.cielap.org/pdf/ArpadPusztai.pdf" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> MSc, PhD, FRSE . Private consultant; formerly Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB 21 9SB, Scotland UK. I was born in Budapest (Hungary ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:www.cielap.org" title="Search domain www.cielap.org" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(109, 89, 163);"><img title="Search domain www.cielap.org" height="16" width="16" class="resulticonimg" src="https://icons.duckduckgo.com/ip2/www.cielap.org.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="http://www.cielap.org/pdf/ArpadPusztai.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">cielap.org</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/pdf/ArpadPusztai.pdf</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-11" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://academicsreview.org/reviewed-content/genetic-roulette/section-1/1-1-pusztais-flawed-claims/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai's</span> Flawed Claims - Academics Review</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://academicsreview.org/reviewed-content/genetic-roulette/section-1/1-1-pusztais-flawed-claims/" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Based on flawed and inconclusive experiments with rats, <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> makes claims about genetically engineered potatoes in the book Genetic Roulette. See how</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:academicsreview.org" title="Search domain academicsreview.org" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(109, 89, 163);"><img title="Search domain academicsreview.org" height="16" width="16" class="resulticonimg" src="https://icons.duckduckgo.com/ip2/academicsreview.org.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="http://academicsreview.org/reviewed-content/genetic-roulette/section-1/1-1-pusztais-flawed-claims/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">academicsreview.org</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/reviewed-content/genetic-roulette/section...</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-12" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Onw72ShqbP4" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> - Blowing the Whistle, He Knew the Truth About ...</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Onw72ShqbP4" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Click on the link to hear the entire interview http://www.oneradionetwork.com/health/from-the-archives-dr-<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">arpad</span>-<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">pusztai</span>-the-dangers-of-genetically-modified ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="resulticon" style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Arpad%20Pusztai+site:www.youtube.com" title="Search domain www.youtube.com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(109, 89, 163);"><img title="Search domain www.youtube.com" height="16" width="16" class="resulticonimg" src="https://duckduckgo.com/assets/icons/favicons/youtube.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a class="resulturl" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Onw72ShqbP4" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">youtube.com</span><span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/watch?v=Onw72ShqbP4</span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div id="r1-13" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1820751/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Árpád</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> - Whistleblower (2010) - IMDb</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1820751/" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">With Whistleblower <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span>. In August 1998, leading food research scientist, Dr <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Árpád</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span>, gives a short interview on British television.</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; 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padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="https://www.organicconsumers.org/news/arpad-pusztai-and-risks-genetic-engineering" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> and the Risks of Genetic Engineering</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="https://www.organicconsumers.org/news/arpad-pusztai-and-risks-genetic-engineering" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; 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border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> and the Risks of Genetic Engineering; <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> and the Risks of Genetic Engineering. by Ken Roseboro, ed. 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line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> | LinkedIn</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pub/arpad-pusztai/64/b66/640" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(195, 195, 195); cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 614px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; color: white; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em; background-color: rgba(138, 138, 138, 0.901961);" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">View <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai's</span> professional profile on LinkedIn. LinkedIn is the world's largest business network, helping professionals like <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Pusztai</span> discover inside ...</font></div><div class="resultextras" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; 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padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.04px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://www.ripenmylife.com/genetically-modified-organism-gmo-info/arpad-pusztai/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arpad</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Pusztai</span> - Ripen My Life</font></a></h2></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div></div></div></div></div>