Science Media Centre SMC

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</div><div>includes Sense about Science, Scientific Alliance, and LM network, see gmo</div><div>
</div><div></div><div>http://www.alternet.org/environment/republicans-rush-monsantos-aid-industry-biased-reuters-reportIn  their latest attempt to shield Monsanto from accountability, House Republicans have seized upon the flawed and biased reporting of a Reuters journalist whose work has emerged as a key lobbying tool for the embattled agrichemical company as it faces <a href="https://usrtk.org/pesticides/mdl-monsanto-glyphosate-cancer-case-key-documents-analysis/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">lawsuits</a>, regulatory threats and a wave of awful <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/01/business/monsantos-sway-over-research-is-seen-in-disclosed-emails.html?r=0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">press</a> coverage <a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/08/04/monsanto-ghostwriting-stanford-university-hoover-institution-fellow/amp/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">about</a> <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-09/monsanto-was-its-own-ghostwriter-for-some-safety-reviews" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">allegations</a> of improper influence over <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pesticides-dicamba-insight-idUSKBN1AP0DN" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">research</a>.On Tuesday, House Oversight Committee Chairman Trey Gowdy <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/visuel/2017/06/01/operation-intoxication-les-reseaux-de-monsanto_5136945_3244.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">demanded answers</a> about “possibly withheld information” that “could change” a cancer panel’s decision to list glyphosate, the main chemical in Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide, as a probable human carcinogen. <a href="https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/2017-08-08-TG-BF-SR-to-Collins-NIH-Aaron-Blair-due-8-22.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Gowdy’s letter</a> was heavily referenced with one source: a June 14 <a href="http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/glyphosate-cancer-data/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Reuters article</a> by Kate Kelland.  But the Kelland article that drove Rep. Gowdy’s lobbying was <a href="https://usrtk.org/pesticides/reuters-kate-kelland-iarc-story-promotes-false-narrative/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">deeply flawed</a> and contained errors Reuters has refused to correct.What’s more, as I reported <a href="http://fair.org/home/reuters-vs-un-cancer-agency-are-corporate-ties-influencing-science-coverage/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">last month in FAIR</a>, the flawed Reuters-article-turned-lobbying-tool was only the latest in a series of biased articles Kelland has written about the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) since the agency <a href="http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/pdf/MonographVolume112.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">listed glyphosate</a> as a Class 2 carcinogen.The IARC working group of scientists—now the chief target of Monsanto’s “war on science,” as the French newspaper <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2017/06/01/monsanto-operation-intoxication_5136915_3244.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Le Monde reported</a>—did not conduct new research, but reviewed years of published and peer-reviewed research before concluding there was limited evidence of cancer in humans from real-world exposures to glyphosate and “sufficient” evidence of cancer in studies on animals. IARC also concluded there was strong evidence of genotoxicity for glyphosate alone and for Roundup herbicide, whose use has <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/glyphosate-now-most-used-agricultural-chemical-ever-422419" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">skyrocketed</a> alongside Monsanto’s genetically engineered “Roundup Ready” crops.In her stories about the IARC decision, Kelland has ignored much of the published research backing the classification and has instead parroted industry’s criticisms of the scientists. Her reporting has relied heavily on pro-industry sources, failed to disclose their industry connections and presented cherry-picked information out of context from documents she did not provide to readers.Raising further questions about Kelland’s objectivity as a science reporter are her close ties to the Science Media Centre, a <a href="https://usrtk.org/our-investigations/science-media-centre/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">controversial nonprofit PR agency</a>that connects scientists with reporters and gets its <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/about-us/funding/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">largest block of funding</a> from industry groups.<a href="https://usrtk.org/our-investigations/science-media-centre/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Multiple researchers</a> have accused SMC, which launched in 2002 <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Science-Media-Centre-consultation-report.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">partly as an effort</a> to tamp down news stories driven by groups like Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, of downplaying the environmental and human health risks of controversial products and technologies that are important to its funders.Kelland’s bias in favor of SMC is evident; she appears in the PR agency’s <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/film/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">promotional video</a> and <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/SMC-Views-from-the-front-line-essays-on-the-SMC.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">promotional report</a>, regularly attends <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/Risk%20Communication%20with%20the%20media_0.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">SMC briefings</a>, speaks at <a href="https://storify.com/Paraphyso/wellcome-trust-science-media-centre" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">SMC workshops</a> and attended <a href="https://blogs.fco.gov.uk/sunilkumar/2013/11/26/engaging-science-and-media/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">meetings in India</a> to discuss setting up an SMC office there.Neither Kelland nor her editors at Reuters would respond to questions about her relationship with SMC or to specific criticisms about her reporting. SMC Director Fiona Fox said her group did not provide Kelland with sources for her IARC stories beyond those included in SMC’s press releases.It is clear, however, that Kelland’s reporting on glyphosate and IARC mirrors the views put forth by SMC experts and industry groups on those topics—and also raises serious concerns about bias and fairness in science reporting.Reuters takes on cancer scientistOn June 14, 2017, Reuters published a <a href="http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/glyphosate-cancer-data/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">special report</a> by Kelland accusing Aaron Blair, an epidemiologist from the U.S. National Cancer Institute and chair of the IARC panel on glyphosate, of withholding important data from its cancer assessment.Kelland’s thesis that Blair withheld crucial data was at odds with the source documents on which she based her story, but she did not provide readers with links to any of those documents, so readers could not check the veracity of the claims. Her bombshell allegations were then widely circulated, repeated by reporters at other news outlets (including <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2017/06/monsanto-roundup-glyphosate-cancer-who/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Mother Jones</a>) and immediately deployed as a <a href="https://www.bna.com/monsanto-cancer-study-n73014453449/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">lobbying tool</a> by the agrichemical industry.Kelland’s story went so far as to suggest that the information supposedly withheld could have changed IARC’s conclusion that glyphosate is probably carcinogenic. Yet the data in question was but a small subset of epidemiology data gathered through a long-term project known as the <a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/labs/epi/studies/ahs/index.cfm" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Agricultural Health Study</a> (AHS). An analysis of several years of data about glyphosate from the AHS had already been published and was considered by IARC, but a newer analysis of unfinished, unpublished data was not considered, because IARC rules call for relying only on published data.After obtaining the actual source documents, Carey Gillam, a former Reuters’ reporter and now research director of U.S. Right to Know (the nonprofit group where I also work), <a href="https://usrtk.org/pesticides/reuters-kate-kelland-iarc-story-promotes-false-narrative/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">laid out</a> multiple errors and omissions in Kelland’s piece.The analysis provides examples of key claims in Kelland’s article, including a statement supposedly made by Blair, that are not supported by the 300-page <a href="http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/glyphosate-cancer-data/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">deposition of Blair</a> conducted by Monsanto’s attorneys, or by other source documents.Kelland’s selective presentation of the Blair deposition also ignored what contradicted her thesis—for example, Blair’s many affirmations of research showing glyphosate’s connections to cancer, as Gillam wrote in a <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/monsanto-spin-doctors-target-cancer-scientist-in-flawed_us_594449eae4b0940f84fe2e57" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Huffington Post article</a>.Kelland inaccurately described Blair’s deposition and related materials as “court documents,” implying they were publicly available; in fact, they were not filed in court, and presumably were obtained from Monsanto’s attorneys or surrogates. (The documents were available only to attorneys involved in the case, and plaintiff’s attorneys have said they did not provide them to Kelland.)Reuters has refused to correct the errors in the piece, including the false claim about the origin of the source documents and an inaccurate description of a key source, statistician Bob Tarone, as “independent of Monsanto.” In fact, Tarone had <a href="http://governance.iarc.fr/ENG/Docs/IARC_responds_to_Reuters_15_June_2017.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">received a consultancy payment</a> from Monsanto for his efforts to discredit IARC.In response to a USRTK request to correct or retract the Kelland article, Reuters global enterprises editor Mike Williams wrote in a June 23 email:<blockquote style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We have reviewed the article and the reporting on which it was based. That reporting included the deposition to which you refer, but was not confined to it. The reporter, Kate Kelland, was also in contact with all the people mentioned in the story and many others, and studied other documents. In the light of that review, we do not consider the article to be inaccurate or to warrant retraction.</blockquote>Williams declined to address the false citing of “court documents” or the inaccurate description of Tarone as an independent source.Since then, the lobbying tool Reuters handed to Monsanto has grown legs and run wild. A June 24 <a href="http://www.stltoday.com/opinion/editorial/editorial-in-a-scientific-dispute-over-roundup-monsanto-gets-a/article_dca54b1d-6025-5c8a-b765-cf286adac9ec.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">editorial</a> by the St. Louis Post Dispatch <a href="http://www.stltoday.com/opinion/mailbag/editorial-relied-on-inaccurate-reporting-about-glyphosate-study/article_754e8e59-c63a-5925-bdc0-0006af6cc05c.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">added errors</a> on top of the already misleading reporting. By mid-July right-wing blogs ,were using the Reuters story to accuse IARC of <a href="https://twitter.com/USRightToKnow/status/885194196839129088" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">defrauding U.S. taxpayers</a>, pro-industry news sites were predicting the story would be “<a href="https://morningconsult.com/opinions/cancer-data-suppressed-international-organization/" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">the final nail in the coffin</a>” of cancer claims about glyphosate and a <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pg/Science-News-Today-1927007787570501/reviews/" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">fake science news group</a> was promoting Kelland’s story on Facebook with a phony headline claiming that IARC <a href="https://twitter.com/USRightToKnow/status/885192740677595137" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">scientists had confessed to a cover-up</a>.Bacon attackThis was not the first time Kelland had relied on Bob Tarone as a key source and failed to disclose his industry connections in an article attacking IARC.An April 2016 <a href="http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/health-who-iarc/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">special investigation</a> by Kelland—“Who Says Bacon Is Bad?”—portrayed IARC as a confusing agency that is bad for science. The piece was built largely on quotes from Tarone, two other pro-industry sources whose industry connections were also not disclosed, and one anonymous observer.IARC’s methods are “poorly understood,” “do not serve the public well,” sometimes lack scientific rigor, are “not good for science,” “not good for regulatory agencies” and do the public “a disservice,” the critics said.The agency, Tarone said, is “naïve, if not unscientific”—an accusation emphasized with capital letters in a sub-headline.Tarone works for the pro-industry <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company-beta/1929869/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">International Epidemiology Institute</a> and was once involved with a <a href="http://news.cision.com/the-investor-relations-group/r/environmental-health-trust-questions-new-study-claiming-no-cell-phone-brain-cancer-link-among-childr,c9147452" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">controversial cell phone study</a>, funded in part by the cell phone industry, that found no cancer connection to cell phones, contrary to <a href="http://science.time.com/2010/09/27/health-a-cancer-muckraker-takes-on-cell-phones/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">independently funded studies</a> of the same issue.The other critics in Kelland’s bacon story were Paulo Boffetta, a controversial ex-IARC scientist who wrote a paper defending asbestos while also <a href="http://www.rightoncanada.ca/?p=2400" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">receiving money to defend</a> the asbestos industry in court; and Geoffrey Kabat, who once <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/James_E.Enstrom" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">partnered</a> with a tobacco industry-funded scientist to write <a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/326/7398/1057" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">a paper</a> defending secondhand smoke.Kabat also serves on the advisory board of the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH), a <a href="https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/why-you-cant-trust-the-american-council-on-science-and-health/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">corporate front group</a>.The day the Reuters story hit, ACSH posted a <a href="http://www.acsh.org/news/2016/04/18/whats-ailing-iarc-another-round-of-criticism-ensues" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">blog item</a> bragging that Kelland had used its advisor Kabat as a source to discredit IARC.The industry connections of her sources, and their history of taking positions at odds with mainstream science, seems relevant, especially since the IARC bacon exposé was paired with a Kelland <a href="http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/health-who-iarc/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">article about glyphosate</a> that accused IARC advisor Chris Portier of bias because of his affiliation with an environmental group.The conflict-of-interest framing served to discredit a letter, organized by Portier and <a href="http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2016/03/03/jech-2015-207005" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">signed by 94 scientists</a>, that described “serious flaws” in a European Union risk assessment that exonerated glyphosate of cancer risk.The Portier attack, and the good science/bad science theme, <a href="https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2016/04/18/glyphosate-battles-different-european-agencies-came-different-cancer-conclusions/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">echoed through</a>chemical industry <a href="https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/jon-entine-the-chemical-industrys-master-messenger/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">PR channels</a> on the same day the Kelland articles appeared.IARC pushes backIn October 2016, in another <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-cancer-iarc-exclusive-idUSKCN12P2FW" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">exclusive scoop</a>, Kelland portrayed IARC as a secretive organization that had asked its scientists to withhold documents pertaining to the glyphosate review. The article was based on correspondence provided to Kelland by a <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">pro-industry law group</a>.In response, IARC took the unusual step of posting Kelland’s questions and the <a href="http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/pdf/Reuters_questions_and_answers_Oct2016.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">answers they had sent her</a>, which provided context left out of the Reuters story.IARC explained that Monsanto’s lawyers were asking scientists to turn over draft and deliberative documents, and in light of the ongoing lawsuits against Monsanto, “the scientists felt uncomfortable releasing these materials, and some felt that they were being intimidated.” The agency said they had faced similar pressure in the past to release draft documents to support legal actions involving asbestos and tobacco, and that there was an attempt to draw deliberative IARC documents into PCB litigation.The story didn’t mention those examples, or the concerns about draft scientific documents ending up in lawsuits, but the piece was heavy on critiques of IARC, describing it as a group “at odds with scientists around the world,” which “has caused controversy” with cancer assessments that “can cause unnecessary health scares.”IARC has “secret agendas” and its actions were “ridiculous,” according to a Monsanto executive quoted in the story.IARC wrote <a href="http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/pdf/Reuters_Readmore_Oct2016.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">in response</a> (emphasis in original):<blockquote style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The article by Reuters follows a pattern of consistent but misleading reports about the IARC Monographs Programme in some sections of the media beginning after glyphosate was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans.</blockquote>IARC also <a href="http://governance.iarc.fr/ENG/Docs/IARC_responds_to_Reuters_15_June_2017.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">pushed back on</a> Kelland’s reporting about Blair, noting the conflict of interest with her source Tarone and explaining that IARC’s cancer evaluation program does not consider unpublished data, and “does not base its evaluations on opinions presented in media reports,” but on the “systematic assembly and review of all publicly available and pertinent scientific studies, by independent experts, free from vested interests.”PR agency narrativeThe Science Media Centre—which Kelland <a href="http://archives.cjr.org/the_observatory/science_media_centers_the_pres_1.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">has said</a> has influenced her reporting—does have vested interests, and has also been criticized for pushing pro-industry science views.<a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/about-us/funding/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Current and past funders</a> include Monsanto, Bayer, DuPont, Coca-Cola and food and chemical industry trade groups, as well as government agencies, foundations and universities.By all accounts, SMC is influential in shaping how the media cover certain science stories, often getting its <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/working-with-us/for-journalists/roundups-for-journalists/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">expert reaction</a> quotes in media stories and driving coverage with its <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/working-with-us/for-journalists/briefings-for-journalists/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">press briefings</a>.As Kelland explained in the SMC <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/film/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">promotional video</a>, “By the end of a briefing, you understand what the story is and why it’s important.”That is the point of the SMC effort: to signal to reporters whether stories or studies merit attention, and how they should be framed.Sometimes, SMC experts downplay risk and offer assurances to the public about controversial products or technologies; for example, researchers have criticized SMC’s media efforts on <a href="http://www.talkfracking.org/frackademics/frackademics-case-study-4/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">fracking</a>, <a href="http://www.emfacts.com/download/Science_media_centre_spin.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">cell phone safety</a>, <a href="http://www.meactionuk.org.uk/The-SMC-and-its-campaign-against-MECFS.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</a> and <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-pJR4cGo9ckcG9udmZWVGxmMkk/view" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">genetically engineered foods</a>.SMC campaigns sometimes feed into lobbying efforts. A 2013 <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/science-media-centre-of-attention-1.13362" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Nature article</a> explained how SMC turned the tide on media coverage of animal/human hybrid embryos away from ethical concerns and toward their importance as a research tool—and thus stopped government regulations.The media researcher hired by SMC to analyze the effectiveness of that campaign, Andy Williams of Cardiff University, came to see the SMC model as problematic, worrying that it <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/science-media-centre-of-attention-1.13362" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">stifled debate</a>. Williams <a href="http://www.scidev.net/global/journalism/feature/uk-s-science-media-centre-lambasted-for-pushing-corporate-science.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">described SMC briefings</a> as tightly managed events pushing persuasive narratives.On the topic of glyphosate cancer risk, SMC offers a clear narrative in its press releases.The IARC cancer classification, according to <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-carcinogenicity-classification-of-five-pesticides-by-the-international-agency-for-research-on-cancer-iarc/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">SMC experts</a>, “failed to include critical data,” was based on “a rather selective review” and on evidence that “appears a bit thin” and “overall does not support such a high-level classification.” <a href="https://monsanto.com/company/media/responses-iarc-glyphosate-classification/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Monsanto</a> and other <a href="https://scottsmiraclegro.com/media/glyphosate-answers/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">industry</a><a href="https://gmoanswers.com/iarc%E2%80%99s-classification-glyphosate-%E2%80%93-what-does-it-mean-you" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">groups</a> promoted the quotes.SMC experts had a much more favorable view of risk assessments conducted by the European Food Safety Authority (<a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/151112" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">EFSA</a>) and the European Chemicals Agency (<a href="https://echa.europa.eu/-/glyphosate-not-classified-as-a-carcinogen-by-echa" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">ECHA</a>), which cleared glyphosate of human cancer concerns.<a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-efsas-conclusions-on-glyphosate-safety/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">EFSA’s conclusion</a> was “more scientific, pragmatic and balanced” than IARC’s, and the <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-the-european-chemicals-agency-echa-committee-for-risk-assessment-not-classifying-glyphosate-as-a-carcinogen/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">ECHA report</a> was objective, independent, comprehensive and “scientifically justified.”Kelland’s reporting in Reuters echoes those pro-industry themes, and sometimes used the same experts, such as a <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-monsanto-glyphosate-idUSKCN0T61QL20151117" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">November 2015 story</a> about why European-based agencies gave contradictory advice about the cancer risk of glyphosate. Her story quoted two experts directly from an <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-efsas-conclusions-on-glyphosate-safety/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">SMC release</a>, then summarized their views:<blockquote style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In other words, IARC is tasked with highlighting anything that might in certain conditions, however rare, be able to cause cancer in people. EFSA, on the other hand, is concerned with real life risks and whether, in the case of glyphosate, there is evidence to show that when used in normal conditions, the pesticide poses an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment.</blockquote>Kelland included two brief reactions from environmentalists: Greenpeace called the EFSA review “whitewash,” and Jennifer Sass from the Natural Resources Defense Council said IARC’s review was “a much more robust, scientifically defensible and public process involving an international committee of non-industry experts.” (An <a href="https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-sass/glyphosate-iarc-got-it-right-efsa-got-it-monsanto" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">NRDC statement</a> on glyphosate put it this way: “IARC Got It Right, EFSA Got It From Monsanto.”)Kelland’s story followed up the environmental group comments with “critics of IARC…say its hazard identification approach is becoming meaningless for consumers, who struggle to apply its advice to real life,” and ends with quotes from a scientist who “declares an interest as having acted as a consultant for Monsanto.”When asked about the criticisms of pro-industry bias of the SMC, Fox responded:We listen carefully to any criticism from the scientific community or news journalists working for U.K. media, but we do not receive criticism of pro-industry bias from these stakeholders. We reject the charge of pro-industry bias, and our work reflects the evidence and views of the 3,000 eminent scientific researchers on our database. As an independent press office focusing on some of the most controversial science stories, we fully expect criticism from groups outside mainstream science.Expert conflictsScientific experts do not always disclose their conflicts of interest in news releases issued by SMC, nor in their high-profile roles as decision-makers about the cancer risk of chemicals like glyphosate.Frequent SMC expert Alan Boobis, professor of biochemical pharmacology at Imperial College London, offers views in SMC releases on <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-the-european-food-safety-authority-efsa-draft-scientific-opinion-on-the-safety-of-the-artificial-sweetener-aspartame/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">aspartame</a> (“not a concern”), <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-press-release-from-fote-and-gm-freeze-about-glyphosate-in-urine/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">glyphosate in urine</a> (no concern), <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-paper-on-insecticides-and-birth-defects-to-be-published-in-occupational-and-environmental-medicine-a-bmj-specialist-journal-2-2/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">insecticides and birth defects</a>(“premature to draw conclusions”), <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-research-on-alcohol-and-cancer/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">alcohol</a>, <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-efsa-report-conclusion-that-seralini-study-conclusions-were-not-supported-by-data/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">GMO corn</a>, <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-study-of-trace-metals-and-lower-or-higher-cancer-risk-as-published-in-gut-2-2/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">trace metals</a>, <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-study-investigating-content-of-and-contaminants-in-laboratory-rodent-diets/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">lab rodent diets</a> and more.The <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-the-european-chemicals-agency-echa-committee-for-risk-assessment-not-classifying-glyphosate-as-a-carcinogen/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">ECHA decision</a> that glyphosate is not a carcinogen “is to be congratulated,” according to Boobis, and the <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-carcinogenicity-classification-of-five-pesticides-by-the-international-agency-for-research-on-cancer-iarc/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">IARC decision</a> that it is probably carcinogenic “is not a cause for undue alarm,” because it did not take into account how pesticides are used in the real world.Boobis declared no conflicts of interest in the IARC release or any of the earlier SMC releases that carry his quotes. But he then sparked a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/17/unwho-panel-in-conflict-of-interest-row-over-glyphosates-cancer-risk" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">conflict-of-interest scandal</a> when news broke that he held leadership positions with the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a <a href="https://usrtk.org/sweeteners/ilsi-wields-stealthy-influence-for-the-food-and-agrichemical-industries/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">pro-industry group</a>, at the same time he co-chaired a U.N. panel that found glyphosate <a href="http://www.who.int/foodsafety/jmprsummary2016.pdf?ua=1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">unlikely to pose a cancer risk</a>through diet. (Boobis is currently <a href="http://ilsi.org/about/leadership-support/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">chair</a> of the ILSI Board of Trustees, and <a href="http://ilsi.eu/about-us/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">vice president ad interim</a> of ILSI/Europe.)ILSI has received <a href="https://usrtk.org/sweeteners/ilsi-wields-stealthy-influence-for-the-food-and-agrichemical-industries/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">six-figure donations</a> from Monsanto and CropLife International, the pesticide trade association. Professor Angelo Moretto, who co-chaired the U.N. panel on glyphosate along with Boobis, also held a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/17/unwho-panel-in-conflict-of-interest-row-over-glyphosates-cancer-risk" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">leadership role in ILSI</a>. Yet the panel <a href="http://www.who.int/foodsafety/faq/en/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">declared</a> no conflicts of interest.Kelland did not report on those conflicts, though she did <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-who-glyphosate-idUSKCN0Y71HR" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">write about</a> the findings of the “U.N. experts” who exonerated glyphosate of cancer risk, and she once recycled a Boobis quote from an <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/experts-respond-to-the-news-that-high-levels-of-dioxins-have-been-found-in-slaughtered-pigs-in-the-republic-of-ireland-2/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">SMC press release</a> for an article about <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ireland-food-recall-idUSL751490720081207" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">tainted Irish pork</a>. (The risk to consumers was low.)When asked about the SMC conflict of interest disclosure policy, and why Boobis’ ISLI connection was not disclosed in SMC releases, Fox responded:<blockquote style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We ask all researchers we use to provide their COIs and proactively make those available to journalists. In line with several other COI policies, we are unable to investigate every COI, though we welcome journalists doing so.</blockquote>Boobis could not be reached for comment, but told the Guardian lnx, “My role in ILSI (and two of its branches) is as a public sector member and chair of their boards of trustees, positions which are not remunerated.”But the conflict “sparked furious condemnation from green MEPs and NGOs,” the Guardian reported, “intensified by the [U.N. panel] report’s release two days before an EU relicensing vote on glyphosate, which will be worth billions of dollars to industry.”And so goes it with the tangled web of influence involving corporations, science experts, media coverage and the high-stakes debate about glyphosate, now playing out on the world stage as Monsanto <a href="https://usrtk.org/pesticides/mdl-monsanto-glyphosate-cancer-case-key-documents-analysis/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">faces lawsuits</a> over the chemical due to cancer claims, and seeks to complete a <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-07-13/does-the-world-s-top-weed-killer-cause-cancer-trump-s-epa-will-decide" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">$66 billion deal with Bayer</a>.Meanwhile, in the U.S., as Bloomberg <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-07-13/does-the-world-s-top-weed-killer-cause-cancer-trump-s-epa-will-decide" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">reported</a> on July 13: “Does the World’s Top Weed Killer Cause Cancer? Trump’s EPA Will Decide.”A version of this story originally ran in <a href="http://fair.org/home/reuters-vs-un-cancer-agency-are-corporate-ties-influencing-science-coverage/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting</a>.<div wibbitz="embed-main-player" style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="bio-new body_environment" style="width: 630px; line-height: 22px; height: auto; border-top: 3px solid rgb(223, 223, 218); clear: both;"><div class="author-bio">Stacy Malkan is co-director of <a href="http://usrtk.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">U.S. Right to Know</a>,</div></div></div></div><div><div>=</div><div>
</div><div>http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/11/18/why-are-public-officials-protecting-the-pesticides-industry-digging-down-into-the-cesspool-of-corruption/</div><div>
</div><div>sci media ctr ~ seralini</div><div>
</div><div>2) Glyphosate, conflicts of interest and PR masquerading as science. By naming names (Alan Boobis, Angelo Moretti, Chris Wolf, Michael Pragnell and others), Mason notes how key positions are held by individuals with proven links to the agrochemicals industry. As a result, crucial decisions and documents are slanted accordingly.</div></div><div></div><div>
</div><div><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network">http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network</a></div><div>
</div><div> LM network or LM group is a superficially loose and informal network of individuals and organisations sharing a libertarian and anti-environmentalist ideology. Its constituent organisations are led and largely composed of people associated with the defunct <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Revolutionary_Communist_Tendency" title="Revolutionary Communist Tendency" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Revolutionary Communist Tendency</a>/<a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Revolutionary_Communist_Party" title="Revolutionary Communist Party" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Revolutionary Communist Party</a> (RCP) and its principal publication <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Living_Marxism" title="Living Marxism" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Living Marxism</a>. The network has no public presence or acknowledged existence. The strongest link is between the largest and longest established entities, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Spiked" title="Spiked" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Spiked</a> and the<a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Institute_of_Ideas" title="Institute of Ideas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Institute of Ideas</a>, both established in 2000 by close associates and for many years operating from the same address, Signet House 49-51 Farringdon Road EC1M 3JB, previously the offices of <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Living_Marxism" title="Living Marxism" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Living Marxism</a> <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#cite_note-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[1]</a>. Thus <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Patrick_Hayes" title="Patrick Hayes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Patrick Hayes</a> affirms in his twitter profile "I work for spiked www.spiked-online.com and the Institute of Ideas www.instituteofideas.com...". <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[2]</a>Associated entities typically have overlapping personnel, similar themes, views and techniques, and promote one another. The network's funds and staff numbers are relatively limited as is its influence. Perhaps of most concern are those LM associates who have obtained influential positions with other organisations and the network’s extensive youth oriented programmes.The rationale for profiling the LM network on Powerbase is not any one of its main characteristics but rather their combination; these being: advocating policies which benefit corporate interests, as set out by the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Institute_of_Ideas" title="Institute of Ideas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Institute of Ideas</a>, corporate funding, a significant focus on influencing youth; the number of organisations it operates; and a lack of transparency about its origins, methods, scope and purpose. This profile is necessarily extensive and detailed because of the network's disparate nature and the lack of formal public links between its entities<table id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; width: auto; display: inline; background: none;">Contents</h2> [<a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#Methods" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Methods</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#Funding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2 Funding</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#Comment_by_George_Monbiot" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3 Comment by George Monbiot</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#Organisations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4 Organisations</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#Precursors" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4.1 Precursors</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#Companies" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4.2 Companies</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#Defunct_associated_entities.28with_years_of_activity.29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4.3 Defunct associated entities (with years of activity)</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#Active_associated_entities.28with_year_of_launch.29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4.4 Active associated entities (with year of launch)</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5 Notes</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div>...</div><div>
</div><div>None of the organisations associated with the LM network provides a breakdown of funders and how much they have provided. We do know, however, that they are funded by corporations that fund think tanks dedicated to promoting their interests in the political and media spheres. For example, the pharmaceutical company <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Pfizer" title="Pfizer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pfizer</a> has funded <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Spiked" title="Spiked" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Spiked</a>, the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Institute_of_Ideas" title="Institute of Ideas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Institute of Ideas</a>' <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Battle_of_Ideas" title="Battle of Ideas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Battle of Ideas</a> in 2005 and 2006, the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Debating_Matters" title="Debating Matters" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Debating Matters</a> programme and two organisations with which the LM network has connections, the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Science_Media_Centre" title="Science Media Centre" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Science Media Centre</a> and <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Sense_About_Science" title="Sense About Science" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sense About Science</a>. Both of the latter are engaged in managing debate about scientific issues.As well as funding the LM network, Pfizer funds free market think tanks such as the US-based <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a> and <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cato Institute</a>, the Netherlands-based<a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Edmund_Burke_Foundation" title="Edmund Burke Foundation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Edmund Burke Foundation</a>, the Brussels based <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Centre_for_the_New_Europe" title="Centre for the New Europe" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Centre for the New Europe</a> (which also does work on climate funded by <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Exxon" title="Exxon" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Exxon</a>), the UK’s <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Social_Market_Foundation" title="Social Market Foundation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Social Market Foundation</a> and the<a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/American_Council_on_Science_and_Health" title="American Council on Science and Health" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">American Council on Science and Health</a>, a deceptive front group. <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[14]</a> Pfizer is a member of one of the most important global corporate lobby groups, the International Chamber of Commerce. <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[15]</a> What’s in it for Pfizer? One clue is in the topics covered by the Debating Matters schools debating competition which include such subjects of interest to the pharmaceutical industry as: the value or otherwise of complementary medicine, NHS rationing of expensive drugs, clinical trials in developing countries, fertility treatments, genetic screening, anti-aging treatments, genetic engineering and animal experimentation.BT is another major sponsor of the LM network. BT sponsored the Battle of Ideas in 2006, 2007 and 2008. In addition, then BT subsidiary O2 sponsored five Spiked Debates during 2005, 2006 and 2007<a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[16]</a> while another was sponsored by Orange. The Mobile Operators Association is also on record as having funded Spiked. In return, BT/ O2 and other operators had the opportunity via Spiked to challenge public concerns about the perceived effects on health, child protection and the environment of mobile phones.Other corporations and corporate lobby groups that have funded the LM network are <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Cadbury_Schweppes" title="Cadbury Schweppes" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cadbury Schweppes</a>, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/IBM" title="IBM" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">IBM</a>, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Novartis" title="Novartis" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Novartis</a>, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Orange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Orange</a>, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/O2" title="O2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">O2</a>, The <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Mobile_Operators_Association" title="Mobile Operators Association" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Mobile Operators Association</a> and the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Society_of_the_Chemical_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society of the Chemical Industry (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Society of the Chemical Industry</a>. <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[17]</a> These sources of funding are typical of lobbying or PR firms. Unsurprisingly, some of the biggest lobby firms also fund the network. <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Hill_and_Knowlton" title="Hill and Knowlton" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Hill and Knowlton</a> is one of the most controversial lobbying and PR firms in the world, having famously been behind the deception on the incubator baby story in Kuwait in 1990/91. It also worked for a long list of controversial corporations, including some from the oil, tobacco, pharma, fast food, and GM industry. It worked too for repressive regimes, including Egypt, Haiti, Indonesia, Morocco, Turkey – and China after the Tiananmen square massacre. Along with PR firm <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Luther_Pendragon" title="Luther Pendragon" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Luther Pendragon</a> (which has worked for the Hinduja brothers, Macdonalds, Pepsi, the GM industry and others), Hill and Knowlton has put up cash for LM network events.The LM network has also worked with other free market think tanks such as the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/International_Policy_Network" title="International Policy Network" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">International Policy Network</a> (which took money from Exxon for climate change ’outreach’) and the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Social_Issues_Research_Centre" title="Social Issues Research Centre" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Social Issues Research Centre</a> (which takes money from the food, alcohol and tech industry and downplays the risks from their products). <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[18]</a>...</div><div>=
<div>CSPI director Michael F. Jacobson said of ACSH, "This organization promotes confusion among consumers about what is safe and what isn't... ACSH is using a slick scientific veneer to obscure and deny truths that virtually everyone else agrees with." The CSPI's article, titled "Twisted Consumerism: The Golden Assurance of the American Council on Science and Health,"14 is a startling expose, in which the ACSH is exposed as NOT being the benign truth-delivering organization it pretends to be.
Science Media Centre—Busted! [SERALINI]
To finish off, I want to briefly mention the Science Media Centre, as I just realized they've been busted... In September 2012, a French GMO feeding study was published in Reed Elsevier's peer-reviewed journal, Food and Chemical Toxicology.15 It was the first-ever lifetime feeding study evaluating the health risks of genetically engineered foods, and results were troubling, to say the least—and a major stumbling block for the chemical biotechnology industry.
The study found that rats fed a type of genetically engineered corn that is prevalent in the US food supply developed massive mammary tumors, kidney and liver damage, and other serious health problems, about halfway through their natural life. The Science Media Centre immediately pounced 16, 17 on the findings, claiming there were "anomalies throughout the paper."
However, we now know that not only had the study undergone the usual peer review process, it was actually reviewed by twice the typical number of referees prior to publication (I would presume probably because of its explosive ramifications). But that's not all. In November 2013, the publisher made the controversial decision to retract the study.
What's noteworthy here is that after publication and the resulting outcry from industry, the publisher completed a year-long investigation and found "no evidence of fraud or intentional misrepresentation of the data." So, if after all that investigative work, NO "anomalies" could be found that would negate the findings, why isn't the media exposing the Science Media Centre's hasty declarations? In hindsight, we see that they were clearly wrong. Where are all these anomalies that no one else was able to find during a year-long exhaustive review (on top of all the pre-publication reviews)? In the end, the ONLY cause the publisher could come up with for retracting the study was that the findings were "inconclusive," which is not even a valid cause for retraction!
The entire affair ended up exploding in Elsevier's proverbial face. The European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility has called the retraction "a travesty of science" that "looks like a bow to industry," and a group of scientists have drafted an open letter 18 requesting Elsevier reverse its retraction of the Séralini paper, and to issue a public apology to the authors. The Science Media Centre certainly achieved its mission to spread distrust and confusion about the results of this important study however. And that is the best these front groups can ever achieve... if you let them.
Chose Your Sources Wisely
<div>http://www.spinwatch.org/index.php/issues/science/item/164-smelling-a-corporate-ratTuesday, 11 December 2012 21:17<h2 class="itemTitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 4px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 35.2000007629395px; color: rgb(80, 72, 67); text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 1px; display: inline-block; border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; font-weight: normal; position: relative; z-index: 2; background: 0px 0px repeat-x rgb(255, 255, 255);">Smelling a corporate rat</h2>By <a rel="author" href="http://www.spinwatch.org/index.php/jonathan-matthews" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(39, 89, 148); transition: color 0.1s ease-in; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-in; background: transparent;">Jonathan Matthews</a><div class="itemIntroText" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 12px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">new study suggesting a Monsanto GM maize and the company's Roundup herbicide may pose serious health risks has been widely attacked, not just by scientists and commentators but also by scientific bodies and regulators. Here, Jonathan Matthews of GMWatch looks at the role of industry-linked scientists and lobbyists in a campaign aimed at getting the paper retracted. You can also<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/116473155/Smelling-a-corporate-rat" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(39, 89, 148); -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-in; transition: color 0.1s ease-in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">download this article as a PDF</a>. 
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">At the end of November Reuters ran the headline <a href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/11/30/us-science-gm-journal-idUKBRE8AT10920121130" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Science Journal Urged to Retract Monsanto GM Study</a> and New Scientist <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2012/11/retraction-gm-crop-cancer-study.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">also reported</a> the growing pressure for retraction. These articles marked the latest stage in a campaign that kicked off the moment the study was published in mid-September, when researchers led by Prof. Gilles-Eric Seralini at the University of Caen in France announced <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">their findings</a> of serious health problems in rats that had been fed a Monsanto maize genetically engineered to be resistant to the company's herbicide Roundup, as well as in rats just fed low doses of the herbicide itself. In both cases the rats fed with the GM maize and/or minute amounts of the herbicide in water were several times more likely to develop lethal tumours and suffer severe liver and kidney damage when compared to the controls.</div><div class="itemFullText" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 22.1000003814697px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Science Media Centre spearheads the attack

Although the publication of the results of the long-term feeding trial in Food and Chemical Toxicology made front page news in France, it got a very different reception in the English-speaking world. This was thanks to the rapid rebuttal efforts of the London-based Science Media Centre (SMC), which almost as soon as the study was published began <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-gm-maize-causing-tumours-in-rats/" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">spoon-feeding journalists with ready-made quotes from scientists</a> savaging the study. 

The SMC's director Fiona Fox was subsequently <a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=421361" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">reported as saying</a> that she took pride in the fact that the SMC's "emphatic thumbs down had largely been acknowledged throughout UK newsrooms: apart from the Mail, only the Daily Telegraph and the Financial Times covered the story in their print editions – and both used quotes supplied by the Science Media Centre.” She added that several television news programmes had also rejected the story after reading the quotes 

The SMC's quotes were pumped out internationally via its clones, like <a href="http://www.smc.org.au/2012/09/rapid-reaction-long-term-toxicity-of-gm-maize-food-and-chemical-toxicology-experts-respond/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the Australian Science Media Centre</a>, with like-minded local experts layered on the top. The quotes were also <a href="http://corporateeurope.org/news/study-monsantos-gm-maize-intensifies-concerns-about-efsas-reliability-monsanto-strikes-back-pr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">circulated to the media by Monsanto and other GM lobby groups</a>. As a result, the quotes ended up in a lot of media coverage worldwide. One even <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/business/energy-environment/disputed-study-links-modified-corn-to-greater-health-risks.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">popped up in the New York Times</a> along with the scathing comments of Bruce M. Chassy, professor emeritus of food science at the University of Illinois. 

<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Retraction campaign kicks in

Another key player in whipping up hostility to the paper was the American business magazine Forbes. In the ten days following the study's release, Forbes published no less than six separate attack pieces targeting not just the research but also the researchers. The first two pieces drew extensively on the quotes from the Science Media Centre and ran with them, but the Forbes piece that grabbed the most attention, particularly on social media, was one that kicked off with a headline that <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/09/25/scientists-smell-a-rat-in-fraudulent-genetic-engineering-study/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">labelled the paper a fraud</a>. The article went on to accuse Prof. Seralini not just of "gross scientific misconduct" but also of having "a long and sordid history" of "activism". The article concluded by bluntly telling the editors of Food and Chemical Toxicology that the only "honorable course of action for the journal would be to retract the paper immediately".

The retraction campaign was by then well under way. An <a href="http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dr-seralini-please-release-data/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">online petition </a>was up and running, demanding in the name of "the scientific community" that Seralini hand over all his raw data. The petition was aggressively promoted via social media, often with <a href="https://twitter.com/mark_lynas/status/250151291022626817" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the implication that the researchers had something to hide</a>. The assertion that the study was "fraudulent" obviously played well into this campaign, which culminated in the Reuters and New Scientist pieces reporting the retraction calls. Both these articles reported on the petition, as well as containing lacerating comments from two UK scientists – <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-efsa-report-conclusion-that-seralini-study-conclusions-were-not-supported-by-data/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">comments once again provided by the Science Media Centre</a>. 

One of the published comments – from Prof. Maurice Moloney – said it was "appalling" that such a study should ever have been published in a respected journal. And a researcher from the UK's John Innes Centre demanded to know whether it was not "time for Food and Chemical Toxicology to retract the manuscript?" The only other scientist quoted claimed the publication of the paper was more than just "a dangerous case of failure of the peer-review system." It represented a threat to not just the credibility of the journal but "the scientific method overall". This apocalyptic claim was backed up by the news that hundreds of outraged scientists had signed the online petition.  

<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Who's behind the retraction petition?

<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/sep/28/study-gm-maize-cancer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Writing in The Guardian </a>at the end of September, John Vidal described the attacks already raining down on Seralini and his team as "a triumph for the scientific and corporate establishment which has used similar tactics to crush other scientists". These included, Vidal said, "Arpad Pusztai of the Rowett Institute in Scotland, who was sacked after his research suggested GM potatoes damaged the stomach lining and immune system of rats, and David Quist and Ignacio Chapela", who studied the flow of genes from illegally planted GM maize to Mexican indigenous maize.

The vociferous attacks on Quist and Chapela resulted in the apparent retraction of their paper by the journal Nature, even though <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">such a move was not supported by the majority of its reviewers </a>and subsequent research <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/02/24/2499950.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">confirmed the paper’s main finding</a>. But, as the French journalist Benjamin Sourice <a href="http://gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14424" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">has pointed out</a>, the simplest way to definitively discredit a study and nullify its impact is to pressurise the journal that published it to retract it from its list of publications. 

In the case of Quist and Chapela, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">an investigation that I undertook with the journalist and author Andy Rowell of Spinwatch</a> revealed how the campaign of retraction had been carefully orchestrated from the start by Monsanto's PR people. It used proxies to whip up feeling against the lead author by branding Dr Chapela an "activist" rather than a scientist and by maintaining his findings were bogus and arrived at through collusion with environmental NGOs. Our research, which was <a href="http://ngin.tripod.com/deceit_index.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">widely reported in both print and broadcast media</a>, suggested that at the heart of that retraction campaign sat Monsanto's former chief internet strategist and director of corporate communications. <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Jay_Byrne" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Jay Byrne</a> had gone on to found his own internet PR company v-Fluence, based like Monsanto in the corporation's home town of St Louis. 

Although Byrne <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">appeared to be the campaign's chief architect,</a> its principal conduit was the lobby group AgBioWorld, overseen by the GM scientist CS Prakash.  The <a href="http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dr-seralini-please-release-data/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">"ipetition" </a>on Seralini contains no information as to who sponsored it, but its first signatory is CS Prakash. Prakash also seems to have set up <a href="http://www.change.org/petitions/global-scientific-community-urge-dr-seralini-to-release-data-from-studies-on-biotech-corn-with-rats" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">an earlier more primitive version of the petition</a>, which clearly identifies him as its sponsor. 

Some time after GMWatch <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14235" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">flagged up </a>the likely role of Prakash and AgBioWorld in the ipetition, the organisation acknowledged its authorship <a href="http://presswire.einnews.com/247pr/309289" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">in a press release </a>which asserted that "the petitioning scientists are calling on the publishing journal editors to retract the Seralini study" if he failed to give in to their demand that he hand over all his data. 

The AgBioWorld press release contained a quote by Bruce Chassy, who was also <a href="http://www.change.org/petitions/global-scientific-community-urge-dr-seralini-to-release-data-from-studies-on-biotech-corn-with-rats" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the first signatory of the earlier Seralini petition</a>. Chassy was also<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/09/25/scientists-smell-a-rat-in-fraudulent-genetic-engineering-study/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> the co-author of the Forbes piece</a>accusing Seralini of fraud. 

The article's other author was Henry Miller, a darling of the rightwing press who operates out of the Hoover Institution, among <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14255" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">other industry backed lobby groups</a>. Miller, like Chassy, has long been associated with Prakash's AgBioWorld. Miller recently co-authored<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/10/22/the-roots-of-the-anti-genetic-engineering-movement-follow-the-money/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">another vitriolic piece on GM for Forbes</a>, denouncing the "fear profiteers" of the anti-GM "protest industry". Miller's co-author on that occasion was none other than former Monsanto PR boss Jay Byrne of v-Fluence. Tellingly, Michael Pollan, the renowned New York Times food writer and professor of journalism at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism, described the piece by Byrne and Miller as <a href="https://twitter.com/michaelpollan/status/260791206412423168" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a breathtaking example of "the Big Lie"</a>.

Byrne hasn't published any media pieces on Seralini. But it is apparent from <a href="https://twitter.com/vJayByrne" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Byrne's Twitter account</a> that he was almost solely preoccupied with discrediting the Seralini study from the day of its publication for about the next month. Byrne describes himself on Twitter as v-Fluence CEO and  as "Contributing author, Let Them Eat Precaution", a book on GM edited by Jon Entine. Entine, as it happens, is the author of probably more articles to date attacking Seralini than any other commentator. 

<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Agribiz apologist

Entine's book emerged out of an <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/American_Enterprise_Institute" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">American Enterprise Institute </a>conference overseen by Entine at which Byrne was an invited speaker. And Byrne's v-Fluence turns up again in company with Entine at another AEI conference he oversaw – this one attacking corporate social responsibility (CSR). <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/44-2005/7898" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">According to Business Ethics</a>: "A second AEI conference featured AEI fellow Jon Entine – a long-time critic of SRI [socially responsible investing] – and Sarah Fuhrmann of v-Fluence Interactive Public Relations. Several v-Fluence employees are ex-public affairs staffers for Monsanto – where they honed skills fighting CSR initiatives that targeted genetically modified foods."

Entine hasn't just worked with Byrne and v-Fluence, but has also done paid work for Byrne's company. In a piece about Entine by the food and farming commentator Tom Philpott, <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2012/02/atrazine-syngengta-tyrone-hayes-jon-entine" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Making of an Agribusiness Apologist</a>, Entine denies being a hired gun for Syngenta in his work defending pesticides and downplays the fact that his company (ESG MediaMetrics) lists Monsanto as a client. This is how he explains it: "Nine years ago, I did a $2000 research project for v-Fluence, a social media company formed by former Monsanto executives. That's the entirety of my Monsanto relationship." Presumably Entine <a href="http://www.esgmediametrics.com/clients.htm" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">lists Monsanto and not Jay Byrne's firm as his company's paymaster </a>because he recognises that what he does for v-Fluence he's really doing for Monsanto. 

Entine's <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/09/20/scientists-savage-study-purportedly-showing-health-dangers-of-monsantos-genetically-modified-corn/" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">first attack</a> on Seralini came out on Forbes within 24 hours of the paper's publication. His <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/09/30/does-the-seralini-corn-study-fiasco-mark-a-turning-point-in-the-debate-over-gm-food/2/" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">second piece </a>a few days later contained further attacks, not just on Seralini, whom he accused of steadfastly refusing to share his raw data, but on almost anyone who attempted to defend the study.  Entine also published <a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2012/11/19/anti-gm-corn-study-reconsidered-seralini-finally-responds-to-torrent-of-criticism/" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a third more recent article</a> which focuses particularly on letters to Food and Chemical Toxicology requesting Seralini's paper be retracted. In this he notes, "More than two dozen scientists from around the world co-signed a stinging rebuke of the Seralini study, concluding: 'We appeal to you to subject the paper to rigorous re-review by appropriate experts and promptly retract it if it fails to meet widely held scientific standards of design and analysis, as we believe it fails to do.'"

<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007922" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The letter </a>Entine is referring to was signed by, among others, CS Prakash, Henry Miller and Bruce Chassy. Several of the other signatories also have connections to AgBioWorld. Entine's <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/44-2005/5314" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">book on GM</a>, incidentally, also has contributions from CS Prakash and his AgBioWorld co-founder, Greg Conko of the Competitive Enterprise Institute. 

<strong style="color: rgb(50, 50, 50); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Cancer-prone rat

Another signatory of this joint letter to Food and Chemical Toxicology is Prof. Anthony Trewavas. Trewavas was also one of the experts quoted by the SMC<a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-gm-maize-causing-tumours-in-rats/" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> in their media release</a> that had such an impact on the reporting of the Seralini study. 

In his SMC comments, which ended up being <a href="http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/clippings/professor-anthony-trewavas-comments-on-controversial-scientific-paper-on-gm-corn%285703ab8a-99b1-4eef-8f2a-e6da273c7fa4%29.html" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">quoted in well over 20 different publications</a>worldwide, Trewavas accuses the researchers of using a cancer-prone rat and claims: "[A] line [of rats] which is very susceptible to tumours can easily bias any result." This line of argument was also developed for the SMC by another expert, Maurice Moloney who says Sprague-Dawley rats frequently develop mammary tumours 

It is this cancer-prone rat claim, which Trewavas and Moloney first set running, that more than any other underpins the Chassy-Miller allegation of fraud. The suggestion is that the study was deliberately designed to generate tumours, i.e. that Seralini and his team intentionally chose the Sprague-Dawley rat for their research in order to produce exactly the result they wanted - cancer!

But although variants on this claim have been widely reported, there are a number of problems with it. Not only is this line of rats the same one that <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691504000547" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Monsanto used for the study</a> that underlies the regulatory approval of this GM maize (NK603), but Sprague-Dawley rats have also been used repeatedly in toxicology and carcinogenesis trials, <a href="http://www.ensser.org/democratising-science-decision-making/ensser-comments-on-seralini-study/" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">including long-term ones</a>. They were even <a href="http://earthopensource.org/files/pdfs/Roundup-and-birth-defects/VOLUME3-1_GLYPHOSAT_04.PDF" style="color: rgb(39, 89, 148); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">used in industry’s own two-year research studies</a> submitted to regulators to support the regulatory approval of glyphosate – the active ingredient in Monsanto's Roundup, one of the two substances that Seralini's team were researching. 

And the fact that this strain of rat has <a href="http://www.ramazzini.it/ricerca/pdfUpload/Cancer%20Medicine%2049-64_2006.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a 30%-plus tendency to “spontaneous” cancers across its lifetime actually means it a good model for humans</a>, who have a similar susceptibility to the disease. What's more, even allowing for the Sprague-Dawley rats having a tendency to spontaneous tumours, Seralini's team found the rats fed on either the GM maize or the herbicide suffered an increase in the number of tumours and they had an earlier onset when compared to those in the control group. The researchers also took account of the spontaneous tumour issue by comparing their results to the rates of similar types of tumour in other published studies using the same strain of rat.

This is not say that the Seralini study does not have its shortcomings. It's true that the study had fewer rats than are recommended for cancer studies, but Seralini did not set out to look for tumours. His study was a chronic toxicity one that unexpectedly found striking evidence of increased tumours in the treated rats. Given this finding, the onus should now be on Monsanto to fund a full-scale carcinogenicity study using larger groups of rats to prove that its products are safe – something it has so far failed to do.

Angelika Hilbeck of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) describes the "wrong rat" argument first put forward by Trewavas and Moloney as "absurd". <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14451" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Hilbeck says</a>, "Seralini chose the same strain of rat as Monsanto. Do we really think that a substance should be tested on an animal that is not sensitive to it? With these defamations they wanted to distract us from the fact that Seralini used the same methodology as Monsanto. Because if you take Seralini seriously as a researcher, you have to take seriously his study and the comparison with Monsanto's study. That would put into question Monsanto's study and hence the approval of GM maize." 

<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Double standards used to condemn studies showing risk

In fact, many of the charges that have been made against the Seralini study could be levelled against the studies that have been used to approve GM crops, which are less detailed than Seralini's and typically shorter-term. This is why <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14288" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a report by the European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility (ENSSER)</a> concluded that a careful comparison of the Seralini rat feeding trial with Monsanto trials shows that if the Seralini experiments are considered insufficient to demonstrate harm, then those carried out by Monsanto cannot prove safety. This is because, whatever its limitations, Seralini's study was conducted to generally higher scientific standards than the studies underlying GM food approvals. 

ENSSER highlights the double standards whereby studies on GM crops like Seralini's that show adverse effects are subjected to obsessive yet often poorly justified criticism of their experimental and statistical methods, while those like Monsanto's that claim safety are taken at face value. In this way risk is assessed in an asymmetrical fashion so that the burden of proof is not on the biotech industry to provide adequate evidence of the safety of its products, but is on public researchers like Seralini to prove harm beyond any doubt. <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14372" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Other experts</a> have echoed the charge of double standards, including around 140 French scientists who, <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14434" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">in a public statement published in Le Monde</a>, declared that it was contrary to scientific ethics to damn an experimental protocol when it gave results that were not wanted, while accepting it when it gave results that were.    

These double standards can also be seen in the ipetition demanding that Seralini hand over all of his raw data to his critics. Those championing the petition have no history of demanding from Monsanto full public disclosure of all the raw data underlying its studies supporting safety (the industry studies on glyphosate, for example, are <a href="http://www.omicsonline.org/2161-0525/2161-0525-S4-006.php?aid=7453" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">kept secret under 'commercial confidentiality' agreements between industry and regulators</a>). This is why Seralini has said he will undertake full disclosure when the same level of disclosure takes place for all the studies underlying GM food approvals, so that like can be compared with like. [?]

<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Public science and private interests

One of the early UK signatories of the ipetition, as well as a co-signatory, like Prof. Trewavas, of the letter to Food and Chemical Toxicology from Prakash, Chassy and Miller, is <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Chris_Leaver" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Prof. Chris Leaver</a>. Leaver, like Trewavas,  is a GM scientist. He is also a former advisor to the Science Media Centre and a former consultant to the GM/agrochemical giant Syngenta. Since 1984 Prof. Leaver has also been<a href="http://www.jic.ac.uk/corporate/about/organisation/gov-council.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> on the Governing Council </a>of the UK's leading public plant biotechinstitute, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/John_Innes_Centre" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the John Innes Centre</a> – something else he has in common with Prof. Trewavas, who was also for several years on the JIC's Governing Council. 

The JIC has been a key player in the criticism of Seralini. This is apparent as soon as you look at the SMC's three media releases on the study. <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-gm-maize-causing-tumours-in-rats/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The first</a> quoted eight experts including a senior scientist at the JIC and a former member of its Governing Council (Trewavas). <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-efsa-initial-review-of-gm-maize/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The second </a>quoted just one expert, Cathie Martin of the JIC. <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-efsa-report-conclusion-that-seralini-study-conclusions-were-not-supported-by-data/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The third </a>quoted five experts, of which three, including Cathie Martin, were from the JIC.

What makes this predominance particularly revealing is that the scientists in question are not experts on toxicology or animal studies. Their expertise is in plant genetics and GM. What's more, the JIC and its Sainsbury Laboratory have had tens of millions of pounds in investment from GM giants like Syngenta. In fact, they are so dependent on the public acceptance of GM that a previous acting director of the JIC<a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/John_Innes_Centre" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> confided to his local paper </a>that any major slowdown or halt in the development of GM crops "would be very, very serious for us". 

These vested interests are personal as well as institutional. Cathie Martin, for instance, says in <a href="http://www.jic.ac.uk/profile/cathie-martin.asp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">her JIC profile</a>, "I am inventor on seven patents and I recently co-founded a spin-out company (Norfolk Plant Sciences) with Professor Jonathan Jones FRS, to bring the benefits of plant biotechnology to Europe and the US." <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Jonathan_Jones" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Jones</a>, who is quoted along with Martin in one of the SMC releases, co-founded another biotech firm, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mendel_Biotechnology" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Mendel Biotechnology</a>, which has Monsanto as its "most important customer and collaborator". 

The failure of Jones, who is also an advisor to Mendel Biotechnology, to be more explicit about his industry links, has <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jul/18/gm-scientist-defends-monsanto-links" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">generated controversy</a>.  Yet journalists are given no indication of these kind of conflicts of interest by the SMC's releases, as <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14267" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the journalist Joanna Blythman has noted</a>: "The SMC introduced these experts to the media solely by listing the universities and public institutions that employ them, failing to give the full flavour of their interests." And the problem goes much wider than the JIC, as <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14267" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Blythman notes with regard to the experts quoted in the SMC's first media release</a>: "seven out of eight are either evangelical advocates of GM food, or have received funding from, or worked with, prominent biotech corporations."

Take, for instance, the very first expert quoted by the SMC, Prof. Maurice Moloney. This year, the SMC has featured Moloney <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/?s=moloney&cat=" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">in no fewer than four different media releases on GM</a>. They typically identify him only as "Institute Director and Chief Executive, Rothamsted Research", which is an independent charitable agricultural research centre. What journalists aren't told is that Moloney is so enamoured of GM that <a href="http://www.spinwatch.org.uk/-articles-by-category-mainmenu-8/46-gm-industry/5505-science-one-whining-greenies-nil" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">he drives around in a Porsche with a GMO number plate</a>, and has a CV to match. He is the inventor on more than 300 patents and his GM research underpins one of Monsanto's main GM crops. He has also founded his own GM company in which the GM giant Dow AgroScience was an investor. The fact that Prof. Moloney's career and business interests have long been centered around GM is not something the SMC seems to think journalists need to know. 

<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Letters to journal fail to disclose conflicts of interest

This pattern of significant but undisclosed conflicts of interest is relevant to not only the majority of the SMC's experts but also to many of Seralini's other critics, including those responsible for the twenty or so letters published by Food and Chemical Toxicology in response to Seralini's paper. Some of the letter writers are, in fact, exactly the same people that the SMC quotes. They are also often to be found amongst<a href="http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dr-seralini-please-release-data/signatures" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> the earliest signatories of the AgBioWorld ipetition</a>. Maurice Moloney, for example, not only turns up twice in the SMC's media rebuttals of Seralini, but comes in at no. 11 on the list of ipetition signatories, and <a href="http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/features/online/6048/gm-corn-and-cancer-s%C3%A9ralini-affair?page=0%2C2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">he wrote a letter to the journal</a>. 

Another <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007910" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">letter writer demanding retraction is Prof. Mark Tester</a>. Like Moloney and the JIC, Tester is a firm favourite with the SMC, <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/?s=mark%20tester&cat=" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">featuring in three of this year's SMC's media releases </a>and in many more over the years. He was already a favoured expert a decade ago when the SMC was<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.medicalscience" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> accused of orchestrating a spin campaign</a> to discredit a BBC drama on GM crops. <a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/mark.tester" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The University of Adelaide staff directory</a> broadens out Prof. Tester's academic profile in a way the SMC never has: "His commercial acumen is clear from his establishment of private companies and successful interactions with multinational companies such as Monsanto, Syngenta, Bayer and Pioneer-DuPont." 

Many other letter writers also have undisclosed industry links. Take, for instance, Martina Newell-McGloughlin. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007922" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">She identifies herself </a>as the director of the International Biotechnology Program at the University of California/Davis, but fails to mention that <a href="http://www.citywatchla.com/4box-left/3879-damning-report-questions-monsanto-genetically-modified-corn-study" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the Program is funded by the likes of Monsanto, Syngenta, DuPont and Bayer</a>. Another letter writer and a colleague at UC Davis, Kent Bradford, <a href="http://www.sacbee.com/static/live/news/projects/biotech/c3_3.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">has consulted for Monsanto</a>. Lucia de Souza<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512008022" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> wrote to the journal </a>with Leila Macedo Oda on behalf of <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/ANBio" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">ANBio – the Brazilian Biosafety Association</a>, without mentioning that ANBio's funders include Monsanto, Bayer, and DuPont. 

Then there are the letter writers who fail to mention their previous employers, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Sense_about_Science#Monsanto_scientist_named_on_early_draft_of_SAS_guide_to_GM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">like Andrew Cockburn</a>, Monsanto's former director of scientific affairs (Europe and Africa); <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/L.Val_Giddings" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">L. Val Giddings</a>, former Vice President of the <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/BIO" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Biotechnology Industry Organisation</a>; and <a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/#!search/profile/person?personId=90497954&targetid=profile" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Sivramiah (Shanthu) Shantharam</a>, former Syngenta man and until recently head of the biotech industry's main lobby group in India.  

Even letter writers who at first glance seem like they must be entirely independent of the biotech industry can turn out to have links. Take, for instance, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Erio_Barale-Thomas" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Erio Barale-Thomas</a>, one of the few toxicologists <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">to criticize the Seralini paper in the journal</a>. Barale-Thomas, who says he writes on behalf of the Administrative Council of the French Society of Toxicological Pathology, takes Seralini to task for his failure to declare a conflict of interest in his paper, namely that Seralini is president of CRIIGEN, an independent research group with concerns about GM, which contributed funding to the research. Yet CRIIGEN's contribution to funding the study was declared in the paper, while Barale-Thomas does not disclose in his letter <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Erio_Barale-Thomas" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">his own biotech interests</a>. He is not only principal scientist at Janssen Biotech, but immediately prior to that he worked for the GM crop and agrochemical giant Bayer CropScience (1998-2003). 

Another French scientist among the letter writers is Prof. Marc Fellous, whose declared connections are academic posts in the sphere of human genetics. What he doesn't mention is that he heads up the <a href="http://gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14362" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">French Association of Plant Biotechnology</a>, which lobbies for GM crops and has been so aggressive in its attacks on Seralini that last year he successfully sued Fellous for defamation. 

<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Science or ideology?

Another letter writer <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007983" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">is the pathologist Sir Colin Berry</a>. Like Trewavas, <a href="http://www.scientific-alliance.org/scientific-advisory-forum" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Berry is an advisor to the Scientific Alliance</a>, an organization which campaigns on environmental issues, particularly climate change, energy policy and agriculture. It is pro-GM, pro-nuclear and sceptical about climate change. Its director, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Martin_Livermore" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Martin Livermore</a>, runs an agri-food PR consultancy, prior to which he did PR for the GM giant DuPont. <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Scientific_Alliance" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Alliance</a> was established by the lobby firm Foresight Communication with money from right-wing business interests. 

Trewavas is one of only a couple of scientists who not only signed onto the Prakash, Chassy, Miller letter but also sent <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007958" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">their own letter of complaint to the journal</a>. Trewavas concludes it like this: "this paper and this journal have dealt the value of evidence-based knowledge a serious blow and it can only be rectified if the paper is withdrawn by the authors with an apology for misleading the public and the scientific community alike… Ideology and politics must be kept out of scientific study or we all suffer."

It is revealing that critics like Berry and Trewavas claim to champion an evidence-based approach while operating out of lobby groups that attack the scientific consensus on issues like climate change. <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Colin_Berry" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Berry</a>, incidentally, is also a shareholder in the company that owns the aggressively libertarian online magazine <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Spiked" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Spiked</a>, which also promotes climate scepticism.<a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Fiona_Fox" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Fiona Fox</a>, the director of the <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Science_Media_Centre" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Science Media Centre</a>, was a long-time affiliate of <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the anti-environmental LM network</a> that are behind Spiked. 

The network around AgBioWorld also contains people with similar attitudes on environmental issues. These include <a href="http://gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14330" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Henry Miller</a>, who co-wrote the article accusing Seralini of fraud, and AgBioWorld's co-founder <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Gregory_Conko" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Greg Conko</a> of the Exxon-funded<a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>, which <a href="http://gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14330" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">specializes in</a> denialist "straight talk on global warming." 

Given this, it is ironic that AgBioWorld's Seralini petition was set up in the name of "the scientific community." Similarly, <a href="http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/features/online/6048/gm-corn-and-cancer-s%C3%A9ralini-affair?page=0%2C2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Maurice Moloney says in his letter </a>to Food and Chemical Toxicology that he thinks he can speak "for the vast majority of the biological sciences community." But as we have seen, Moloney and many of the other letter writers link to a narrow and heavily commercialised sector of the biological sciences, albeit one with powerful backers. And some in this community have links to extremist lobby groups more concerned with ideology than evidence. 

<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Peeling the GM onion

Identifying the real forces behind the front-men and carefully selected experts of "the scientific community" can be like peeling back the layers of an onion. Take Anthony Trewavas, the scientist who first helped get the cancer-prone rat claim into circulation. In 2001 Prof. Trewavas was named in the High Court in London as the source of a letter published in a Scottish newspaper that made libelous claims against GM critics (<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2001/oct/08/research.highereducation" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Greenpeace wins damages over professor's "unfounded" allegations</a>). Trewavas subsequently denied being the author of the libel letter published under his name, though he did admit circulating the material, which he said he had got from AgBioWorld. He said it had been written by a "lady in London" but "she" later turned out to be<a href="http://artsci.wustl.edu/_{anthro/bnc/readings/Monbiot%20The%20fake%20persuaders.htm}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> a front for the same Monsanto PR people</a> who <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">covertly directed the campaign</a> that resulted in Nature's apparent retraction of Chapela's GM maize paper. 

Trewavas, a long-time associate of Prakash and AgBioWorld, also <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14211" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">played a notable role</a> in that campaign. In that case, Trewavas <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14211" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">encouraged people to demand</a> Chapela be fired by the University of California, Berkeley, unless he handed over his maize samples for checking: "We should be asking Berkeley to request Chapela to release his samples so that they at least can be checked... Refusal to do so should then be used to request Berkeley to relinquish Chapella's [sic] position." Such calls to arms against Chapela were mostly posted on the AgBioWorld listserv. This use of the listserv eventually enabled Monsanto's <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">covert orchestration</a> of the campaign to be exposed. 

<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The attack dog in the night-time

Interestingly, as the attacks on Prof. Seralini and his paper spread across both mainstream and social media, AgBioWorld's listserv went missing. In the two months following the publication of Seralini's paper, <a href="http://www.agbioworld.org/newsletter_wm/index.php?caseid=archive" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">not a single bulletin went out on the listserv</a> that <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">played such a pivotal role</a> in achieving retraction of the Mexican maize paper. 

AgBioWorld's sudden silence calls to mind a famous exchange in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes:

Detective: "Is there any other point to which you would wish to draw my attention?"

Holmes: "To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time."

Detective: "The dog did nothing in the night-time."

Holmes: "That was the curious incident." 

With Seralini, it's the curious silence of Monsanto's attack dog that suggests that this time the covert PR war is being conducted by other means.

If the silence of AgBioWorld's listserv is suggestive, so too is the attempt to silence<a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">GMWatch</a>. Within days of the publication of the Seralini paper, our website came under major DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks. The contours of the attacks followed the peaks of the controversy, with the two biggest and most debilitating attacks coinciding with days on which the major rebuttals of Seralini's paper were published. <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The GMWatch website</a> had by then become a clearing house for rapid responses in English to the attacks on Seralini. We have no proof as to who was behind the attacks – that's hard to establish with DDOS. But oddly enough, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2002/may/29/research.highereducation" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">an article in the Guardian</a> about the retraction campaign against Quist and Chapela noted, "Just before the [Mexican maize] paper in Nature was publicly challenged, the server hosting the accounts used by its authors was disabled by a particularly effective attack which crippled their capacity to fight back." 

More than a decade later history seems to be repeating itself in the covert war over GM crops.

<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Jonathan Matthews is the founder and director of <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">GMWatch</a> and has written numerous articles on <a href="http://www.spinwatch.org/-articles-by-category-mainmenu-8/46-gm-industry/157-genetically-modified-language-professor-bullsht-unspun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the politics and spin</a> around GM crops. He's a contributing author to <a href="http://www.spinwatch.org/test/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5161:thinker-faker-spinner-spy&catid=314:books&Itemid=120" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Thinker, Faker, Spinner, Spy: Corporate PR and the Assault on Democracy</a><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">,<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> eds Dinan and Miller (Pluto Press). Additional research: Claire Robinson, co-editor, GMWatch.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">
*<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Spinwatch plans to publish a separate piece looking at some of the study's European critics, including science academies and the European Food Safety Authority.</div>=<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 19.2px;">Professor Anthony Trewavas is often the expert of choice whenever a critical perspective on organic food and farming is required by the UK's media. From the media's perspective Trewavas presents as a prominent scientist who has written extensively on organic farming, including two articles in the prestigious science journal <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Nature" title="Nature" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Nature</a>. However, Trewavas is also a scientist with a history of propagandising on behalf of GM foods and against organic farming and there is ample evidence that in the course of that crusade he has put into circulation many statements which are both extreme and unsupported.<table id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 5px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; width: auto; display: inline; background: none;">Contents</h2> [<a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#Greenpeace_libel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Greenpeace libel</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#Citing_right_wing_propaganda_as_science" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2 Citing right wing propaganda as science</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#GM_Maize_paper" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3 GM Maize paper</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#Roles" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4 Roles</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#Links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5 Links</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6 Notes</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#Notes_2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">7 Notes</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Greenpeace libel</h2>In October 2001 "Professor Trewavas,  Professor of Plant Biochemistry at the University of Edinburgh" was named in the High Court in London as the source of a letter making libellous allegations against Lord Melchett and Greenpeace in relation to organic farming and GM foods.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/research/story/0,9865,565353,00.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Greenpeace wins damages over professor's 'unfounded' allegations</a> - (Education Guardian, Monday October 8, 2001)A published apology in the Scottish newspaper, the Herald, on the 6th October confirmed that, "On 3 November 2000 the Herald published a letter it had received from Anthony Trewavas." The conclusion of the libel case led to critical comment on the fact that Prof Trewavas was not only a leading Fellow of the Royal Society but is even listed in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalsociety.org/news/index.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">the Society's media directory</a> as an expert available to help journalists get their science stories right. (see: The Ecologist vol 31 no. 10 p.11,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i-sis.org/isisnews/i-sisnews11-4.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">" ISIS News, Institute of Science in Society</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.connectotel.com/gmfood/pe021101.txt" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Private Eye 1040, p.4</a>)In response to this adverse publicity, Prof Trewavas, in letters to the Herald and others, has sought to deny responsibility for the libel letter published under his name. However, Trewavas has admitted to encouraging others to circulate the material in question as widely as possible, and to sending the material to, amongst others, a newspaper editor and a PR operative with this intent. More recently it has emerged that the original author of the material that Trewavas circulated was another <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/_{ngin/deceit5.html}" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">PR operative</a> involved in a [deceit3.html Monsanto dirty tricks campaign].<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Citing right wing propaganda as science</h2>The libel case is, in fact, only the latest controversy centering on Prof Trewavas and his views and activities. Take, for instance, the advice he gave to US scientists on a listserv supporting GM foods in April 2000, where he describes critics of genetic engineering as "bloody minded, anarchist and frankly merely destructive." According to Trewavas, opponents of the technology are interested solely "in destroying US agribusiness". In the same message Trewavas describes the international environmental group Greenpeace as "controlled by extremists/nihilists and other subversives... whose only interests [sic] is in destroying business/damaging trade and who have no solution to world population problems except to let people die." He also advises enlisting the help of far right US congressmen like Jesse Helms by alerting them, "that a subversive organisation directed from europe is attempting to destroy US agriculture and US farming."  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agbioworld.org/listarchive/view.php?id=299" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">advice to US scientists</a> from: "Tony Trewavas" <trewavas srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk="srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk" />In the same piece Trewavas advises GM supporters to take every opportunity to contact the media to attack the critics and put forward pro-GM views and Prof Trewavas certainly cannot be faulted for failing to take his own advice! As part of his tireless crusade, Trewavas has even had two articles attacking organic farming published in the journal Nature. However, both are simply opinion pieces involving no original research and the arguments he presents and the sources he draws upon are open to very serious question.The second of the two Nature pieces is taken apart in ORGANICS ENTER THE SCIENCE WARS Angela Ryan.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#endnote_1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">[1]</a>  The inadequacy of Trewavas' scholarship is equally apparent in the first, 'Much Food, Many Problems' [Nature 402, 231 (1999)]. Here, for example, he presents his readers with a litany of alarming claims:<dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"Going organic worldwide, as Greenpeace wants, would destroy even more wilderness, much of it of marginal agricultural quality15."</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"Mycotoxin contamination [of organics] , and infection from the potentially lethal Escherichia coli O157, are additional problems15."</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"average crop yields [for organics] on a variety of soils are about half those of intensive farming15-17"</dd></dl>The reference given by Trewavas for all three points is, "15. Avery, D. in Fearing Food. Risk, Health and Environment (eds Morris, J. & Bate, R.) 3-18 (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1999)". Anyone who actually follows up this reference discovers that it's to a piece by the controversial US journalist and commentator, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Dennis_Avery" title="Dennis Avery" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Dennis Avery</a> - author of the book, 'Saving the planet with pesticides and plastics' - who just happens to (a) work for the biotech-industry-funded <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Hudson Institute</a>and (b) have no credible scientific credentials. What's more, all Avery's highly partisan claims about organic agriculture in Fearing Food: Risk, Health and Environment lack any specific references to supporting evidence! In other words, Trewavas' trail of evidence for this series of damaging claims leads nowhere but to the assertions of a highly dubious commentator.Indeed, the article by Avery to which Trewavas repeatedly refers appears in a book edited by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/_{ngin/rightwing.htm}" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">two notorious pro-industry propagandists</a> connected to a corporate front funded by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/_{ngin/rightwing.htm}" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Big Tobacco</a>! Nor is this Trewavas' only connection to the book's editors, <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Julian_Morris" title="Julian Morris" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Morris</a> and <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Roger_Bate" title="Roger Bate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Bate</a>, and their pro-corporate propaganda. In early 2000 Trewavas appeared as a witness against organic farming in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/_{ngin/counterblast.htm}" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Counterblast</a> TV programme put together and presented by Roger Bate in his role as Director of the tobacco-industry funded <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/European_Science_and_Environment_Forum" title="European Science and Environment Forum" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">European Science and Environment Forum</a>.Needless to say, Prof Trewavas is not entirely disinterested in his simultaneous promotion of GM crops and crusade against organic farming. Trewavas is himself a GM crop researcher. He also serves on the Governing Council of the <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/John_Innes_Centre" title="John Innes Centre" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">John Innes Centre</a>, a plant biotech institute which has itself been mired in controversy over its <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/_{ngin/pants3.htm}" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">pro-GM propagandising</a>.So while Trewavas issues lurid warnings about organic farms acting as "repositories of disease", in reality it is Prof Trewavas himself who is in real need of a health warning!<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">GM Maize paper</h2>He played a leading role in <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Nature" title="Nature" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Nature</a>'s unprecented withdrawal of a published paper on GM maize in November 2001.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Roles</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM////QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAGklEQVR42mJgBAEGokgGBjBGBxBxsBqAAAMACHwALd5r8ygAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Professor of Plant Biochemistry at the University of Edinburgh</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Scientific_Alliance" title="Scientific Alliance" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Scientific Alliance</a> advisory board</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">on Governing Council of <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/John_Innes_Centre" title="John Innes Centre" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John Innes Centre</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Fellow of <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Royal Society</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Fellow of <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Witness on Scottish Parliament Health and Community Care Committee</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Member of UK govt <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php?title=Advisory_Committee_on_Genetic_Modification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advisory Committee on Genetic Modification (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Advisory Committee on Genetic Modification</a></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Links</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM////QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAGklEQVR42mJgBAEGokgGBjBGBxBxsBqAAAMACHwALd5r8ygAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Anna Salleh, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/mexicanmaize/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Mexican Maize Madness</a>", ABC online, July 4, 2001.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gene.ch/gentech/2001/Oct/msg00021.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Trewavas, the Royal Society, the UK Government, and why ANYTHING GOES!</a>, Norfolk Genetic Information Network, accessed Dec 2003</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/corporate/About_JIC/gov_council_bio.htm#trewavas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">John Innes Governing Council Members</a>, JIC Website, accessed Dec 2003</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hse.gov.uk/aboutus/hsc/iacs/acgm/members.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Register of ACGM member's interests</a>, UK Govt Health and Safety Executive website, Dec 2003</li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Notes</h2><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><cite id="endnote_1" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Anthony_Trewavas#ref_1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">^{</a></cite>&nbsp};ORGANICS ENTER THE SCIENCE WARS (original URL) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.i-sis.org/isisnews/i-sisnews11-18.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">http://www.i-sis.org/isisnews/i-sisnews11-18.shtml</a> ISIS News No 11/12 October 2001, Institute of Science in Society, www.i-sis.org Available:<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://members.tripod.com/_{ngin/trewavas.htm#ORGANICS%20ENTER%20THE%20SCIENCE%20WARS}" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">http://members.tripod.com/_{ngin/trewavas.htm#ORGANICS%20ENTER%20THE%20SCIENCE%20WARS</a></li></ol>}<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Notes</h2></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:Foodspin" title="Category:Foodspin" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Foodspin</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:Biotechnology" title="Category:Biotechnology" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Biotechnology</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:Food_lobbyists_and_PR_consultants" title="Category:Food lobbyists and PR consultants" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Food lobbyists and PR consultants</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:Pro-GM_Lobbyists" title="Category:Pro-GM Lobbyists" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pro-GM Lobbyists</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; 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color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Corporate Science (GM)</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Category:Think_Tanker" title="Category:Think Tanker" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Think Tanker</a></li></ul></div></div>wikiPUNK?<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 22.4px;">Anthony J. Trewavas is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor" title="Professor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Professor</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">University of Edinburgh</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a> , best known for his research in the fields of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">plant physiology</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">molecular biology</a>. His lifetime research has concerned what is now recognized as plant behavior.He was born in 1939 and his secondary school education was John Roans Grammar School, Blackheath, London which he left in 1958 with five A levels. He obtained both his degree and Ph.D in Biochemistry at University College London before performing post doctoral work at the newly-constituted University of East Anglia. He moved to the University of Edinburgh in 1970. In 1972 he was invited to be first Visiting Professor at the prestigious Plant Research laboratory in Michigan State University. At the time this was laboratory was regarded as the foremost laboratory dealing with plant research. He also after invitation spent periods of time as Visiting Professor at other Universities in the Americas and Europe usually providing up to 20 lectures. He is the author of some 250 scientific papers and three books both as editor and author. He was made Professor Emeritus in the University of Edinburgh in 2004. Plant behavior is simply the response to signals.He main research contribution as the leader of the Edinburgh Molecular Signalling Group, has been in the role of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">calcium</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction" title="Signal transduction" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">signal transduction</a> during plant development.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> He is an elected Fellow of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> (1993), the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Arts" title="Royal Society of Arts" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Royal Society of Arts</a> (1995), the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society_of_London" title="Royal Society of London" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Royal Society of London</a> (1999), the Centre for Future Studies (2001) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a> Academia Europea in 2002 and received the "corresponding membership" award from the American Society of Plant Biologists in 1999,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a> a prize given to one non-US biologist per year.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a> He is named by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Scientific_Information" title="Institute for Scientific Information" style="background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Institute for Scientific Information</a> as in the most highly cited author group in the field of animal and plant Sciences.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a> He is a past or present member of the editorial boards of the publications, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trends(journals)" title="Trends (journals)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Trends in Plant Science</a>, Botanica Acta, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_Physiology(journal)" title="Plant Physiology (journal)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Plant Physiology</a>, What's New in Plant Physiology, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_Journal" title="Biochemical Journal" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Biochemical Journal</a> "Molecular Plant", "Plant Signaling and Behaviour", Plant, Cell and Environment.His most recent research concentrated on imaging cytosolic calcium distributions inside cells subjected to signaling. For this a flexible <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal" title="Confocal" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">confocal</a> fluorescence ratio was constructed in 1988-1990 to image calcium redistribution during contact sensing, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoma" title="Stoma" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">stomatal</a> aperture control, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen_tube" title="Pollen tube" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">pollen tube</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizoid" title="Rhizoid" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">rhizoid</a> growth, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss" title="Moss" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">moss</a> development and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomorphogenesis" title="Photomorphogenesis" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">photomorphogenesis</a>. Plants were also transformed with the gene for the calcium sensitive luminescent protein <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aequorin" title="Aequorin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">aequorin</a>, allowing measurements of cytosolic calcium in whole plants and bacteria. It was this research that led to his election to the Royal Society of London. Plants have also been transformed with genes for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmodulin" title="Calmodulin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">calmodulin</a> to better assess the role of calcium in development. The group also cloned plant calcium channels and MARCKS, an actin/calmodulin binding protein.He is author of three books the most recent published in 2014 by Oxford University Press is entitled Plant Behaviour and Intelligence. This book covers the fundamental principles of plant behavior and how it is clearly intelligent in characteristics. It has been described by the leading science journal "Science" as Botanical Brilliance,Professor Trewavas is one of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United Kingdom</a>'s strongest supporters of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">genetically modified food</a> crops believing that agriculture must be based on evidence not superstition that often characterizes opposition to it. His strong support and knowledge has led him into helping with some legal actions over GM crops perhaps the most noticeable concerned a libel action that Greenpeace took against The Herald newspaper published in Glasgow in 2000 and is described below.In 2000 Greenpeace took out a libel action against the Herald newspaper in Glasgow on two claims made in the newspaper. These were that the farm of the Head of Greenpeace, Lord Melchett, was not organic despite the Greenpeace policy being for organic farming. Secondly the claim that Greenpeace received money from industry. The Herald’s solicitor contacted Professor Trewavas to see if he could help fight the action and he provided the following material. Firstly, excerpts from Farming News published in July 1999 in which David Richardson, Founder of LEAF stated that he knew Melchett’s farm was not organic and a week later a letter from Melchett in Farming News accepting that it was not and blaming the health of his manager for the failure to transfer to organic farming. Secondly, a document which had been sent to Professor Trewavas from Greenpeace. This 6 page document published monthly cost £100/copy and detailed environmental news as it related to industry. As Head of Greenpeace, Lord Melchett rightly wished to embed environmental concerns into industry and was responsible for its initiation and publication. However the front page of this document listed the large number of industries which took copies starting with Shell BP. When the case came to the High Court in October, The Herald's lawyer presented this information which Greenpeace legal representation refused to accept and indicated taking the issue to jury trial. The Herald’s legal representative decided that this would result in further very high costs and agreed to pay a nominal, small, sum in damages. Greenpeace insisted the amount because of its smallness should remain undisclosed, since disclosure might imply the allegations were essentially correct. Within a few weeks of the decision Lord Melchett was ejected from Greenpeace altogether, along with his policy of trying to green industry and he ended up in The Soil Association. The publication ceased forthwith. Two weeks later an account of the issue was published in The Herald by Professor Trewavas. Because of his close involvement in providing evidence to The Herald, several anti-GMO organisations tried by careful selection of material to erroneously imply he was the source of the initial material. In fact the claims the Herald published, originated in the USA. NOTE NO CITES<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Publications[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Trewavas&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Publications" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Trewavas, A. (2002). "Malthus foiled again and again". Nature 418 (6898): 668–670. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature01013" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1038/nature01013</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12167872" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">12167872</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthony+Trewavas&rft.atitle=Malthus+foiled+again+and+again&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.aulast=Trewavas&rft.au=Trewavas%2C+A.&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature01013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12167872&rft.issue=6898&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=668-670&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=418" class="Z3988"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_doi/10.1038.2Fnature01013&action=edit&editintro=Template:Cite_doi/editintro2" style="text-decoration: none; padding: 0px !important; background: none !important;">edit</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Trewavas, A. J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1539356" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"The Population/Biodiversity Paradox. Agricultural Efficiency to Save Wilderness"</a>. Plant Physiology 125 (1): 174–179. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1104%2Fpp.125.1.174" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1104/pp.125.1.174</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1539356" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">1539356</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11154326" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">11154326</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthony+Trewavas&rft.atitle=The+Population%2FBiodiversity+Paradox.+Agricultural+Efficiency+to+Save+Wilderness&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.aulast=Trewavas&rft.au=Trewavas%2C+A.+J.&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1539356&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1104%2Fpp.125.1.174&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F1539356&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11154326&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.pages=174-179&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=125" class="Z3988"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_doi/10.1104.2Fpp.125.1.174&action=edit&editintro=Template:Cite_doi/editintro2" style="text-decoration: none; padding: 0px !important; background: none !important;">edit</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Trewavas, A. (2001). "Urban myths of organic farming". Nature 410 (6827): 409–410. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F35068639" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1038/35068639</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11260685" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">11260685</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthony+Trewavas&rft.atitle=Urban+myths+of+organic+farming&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.aulast=Trewavas&rft.au=Trewavas%2C+A.&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35068639&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11260685&rft.issue=6827&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=409-410&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=410" class="Z3988"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_doi/10.1038.2F35068639&action=edit&editintro=Template:Cite_doi/editintro2" style="text-decoration: none; padding: 0px !important; background: none !important;">edit</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Knight, M. R.; Campbell, A. K.; Smith, S. M.; Trewavas, A. J. (1991). "Transgenic plant aequorin reports the effects of touch and cold-shock and elicitors on cytoplasmic calcium". Nature 352 (6335): 524–526.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F352524a0" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1038/352524a0</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1865907" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">1865907</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthony+Trewavas&rft.atitle=Transgenic+plant+aequorin+reports+the+effects+of+touch+and+cold-shock+and+elicitors+on+cytoplasmic+calcium&rft.au=Campbell%2C+A.+K.&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rft.au=Knight%2C+M.+R.&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.au=Smith%2C+S.+M.&rft.au=Trewavas%2C+A.+J.&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F352524a0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1865907&rft.issue=6335&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=524-526&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=352" class="Z3988" /></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Knight, H.; Trewavas, A.; Knight, M. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC161115" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Cold Calcium Signaling in Arabidopsis Involves Two Cellular Pools and a Change in Calcium Signature after Acclimation"</a>. The Plant Cell Online 8 (3): 489–503.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1105%2Ftpc.8.3.489" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1105/tpc.8.3.489</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC161115" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">161115</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8721751" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">8721751</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthony+Trewavas&rft.atitle=Cold+Calcium+Signaling+in+Arabidopsis+Involves+Two+Cellular+Pools+and+a+Change+in+Calcium+Signature+after+Acclimation&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Knight%2C+H.&rft.au=Knight%2C+M.&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.au=Trewavas%2C+A.&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC161115&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1105%2Ftpc.8.3.489&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F161115&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8721751&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+Cell+Online&rft.pages=489-503&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=8" class="Z3988" /></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">References[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Trewavas&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.biology.ed.ac.uk/research/institutes/plant/pages/staff_pages/T_Trewavas_staffpage.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; word-wrap: break-word; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">http://www.biology.ed.ac.uk/research/institutes/plant/pages/staff_pages/T_Trewavas_staffpage.htm</a> Staff Page: Tony Trewavas</li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://homepages.ed.ac.uk/ebot40/main.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; word-wrap: break-word; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">http://homepages.ed.ac.uk/ebot40/main.html</a></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.futurestudies.co.uk/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; word-wrap: break-word; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">http://www.futurestudies.co.uk/</a></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.aspb.org/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; word-wrap: break-word; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">http://www.aspb.org/</a></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aspb.org/committees/awards.cfm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"American Society of Plant Biologists Awards Winners"</a>. American Society of Plant Biologists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070702013258/http://www.aspb.org/committees/awards.cfm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-01.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthony+Trewavas&rft.btitle=American+Society+of+Plant+Biologists+Awards+Winners&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspb.org%2Fcommittees%2Fawards.cfm&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Plant+Biologists&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }ISI author number A0597-2002-C</li></ol></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Living people</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Category:Academics of the University of Edinburgh" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Academics of the University of Edinburgh</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Fellows of the Royal Society</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_the_John_Roan_School" title="Category:People educated at the John Roan School" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">People educated at the John Roan School</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div>==</div></div></div>