Oath Keepers

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">220 primary on cop<b> infiltration /active duty</b>
</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1/16 see militias</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2nd on berkelely trump tax 4/17</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bak 121 html <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;">undercut</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2021/10/this-southern-california-sheriff-was-a-dues-paying-member-of-the-militant-insurrectionist-oath-keepers-report/">https://www.alternet.org/2021/10/this-southern-california-sheriff-was-a-dues-paying-member-of-the-militant-insurrectionist-oath-keepers-report/</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2021/09/members-of-the-oath-keepers-showed-preparation-and-structure-before-jan-6-insurrection-report/">https://www.alternet.org/2021/09/members-of-the-oath-keepers-showed-preparation-and-structure-before-jan-6-insurrection-report/</a></font></div><div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2021/06/trump-insurrection/">https://www.alternet.org/2021/06/trump-insurrection/</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ah</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font><div class="body js-expandable clearfix js-listicle-body css-listicle-body-2653266910"><div class="body-description"><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In

the 2020 presidential election, then-President Donald Trump ran on a

fear-mongering "law and order" platform — insisting that the United

States would be overwhelmed by violent crime, looting, chaos and anarchy

if now-President Joe Biden were elected and warning that any

"insurrectionists" would be dealt with harshly. But Never Trump

conservative Amanda Carpenter, in an <a href="https://thebulwark.com/what-were-they-thinking-about-insurrection/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">article published by The Bulwark</a>

on June 7, finds it ironic that the same Trump who ranted against

insurrection encouraged the insurrectionist Oath Keepers — one of the

far-right groups that attacked the U.S. Capitol Building on January 6. </font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"On

January 6, 2021, members of the Oath Keepers, high on conspiracies and

disinformation, went to Washington, D.C. to support then-President

Donald Trump,"</b> explains Carpenter, who is often featured as a

conservative pundit on CNN. "They anticipated that they would be

providing 'security' for 'patriots' attending his Stop the Steal rally —

and should the need present itself, that they would put down an

insurrection. In reality, their group, which explicitly recruits former

military service members and law enforcement officers, helped spur an

insurrection of its own. And today, some of the Oath Keepers are

defendants at the center of the largest criminal investigation in U.S.

history."</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carpenter recalls Trump's emphasis on "law and order"

following the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis on May 25, 2020. On

June 1, 2020, she notes, Trump "delivered a terse Rose Garden speech

threatening to deploy the U.S. military to any city or state that

'refuses to take the actions that are necessary to defend the life and

property of their residents.'"</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Carpenter notes, "Trump's staff

argued that the threatened military deployment would have been permitted

under the Insurrection Act of 1807, which empowers the president to

deploy federal troops for domestic law enforcement under certain

circumstances…. As summer changed into fall, talk on the right of an

'insurrection' that might be met with a military response shifted from

the George Floyd protests and civil unrest to the 2020 election — the

same terms and the same proposed action, just a new target."</span></font></p>

<div style="margin:1em 0"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">You might be surprised how much June 1, 2020

had to do with January 6, 2021. Come with me as I seek to understand w…

https://t.co/N9nWy3NgYv</font></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> — Amanda Carpenter (@Amanda Carpenter)

                        <a href="https://twitter.com/amandacarpenter/statuses/1401882843719012365">1623069890.0</a></font>

</blockquote>

</div>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When Trump appeared on Fox News in September 2020, Carpenter recalls,

host Jeanine Pirro asked him how he would respond if he won the

election and Democrats rioted. And the then-president responded, "We'll

put them down very quickly if they do that. We have the right to do

that. We have the power to do that if we want. Look, it's called

'insurrection.' We just send in, and we do it, very easy. I mean, it's

very easy."
</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Carpenter goes on to say, however, that Oath

Keepers founder and Trump supporter Stewart Rhodes "has been talking

about insurrection for years." In an August 2020 Facebook post, Rhodes

wrote, "Civil war is here, right now." And after Trump lost the

election, Rhodes and <a href="https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000178-6431-d985-abf9-edfdc63b0000" target="_blank">Kelly Megg</a>s

(who heads the Oath Keepers' Florida chapter) declared that they would

do whatever it took to keep him in the White House in 2021. In a

December 19, 2020 Facebook post, <b>Meggs wrote that he had formed an

"alliance between Oath Keepers, Florida 3%ers (Three Percenters), and

Proud Boys.</b></span><b>"</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"We have decided to work together and shut this shit

down," Meggs posted — and what he wanted to "shut down" was the

certification of Biden's Electoral College victory over Trump in a joint

session of Congress on January 6. </font></p><p><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Trump, Carpenter stresses,

railed against insurrection but had no problem with it when his "own

supporters" were the insurrectionists.</font></b></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The fight that the

self-appointed militia of Proud Boys and Oath Keepers apparently

expected to have with Antifa on January 6 never materialized," Carpenter

writes. "Ironically, their actions as part of the mob attack on the

Capitol offered a defensible reason for invoking the Insurrection Act —

but Donald Trump didn't invoke it against his own supporters…. Sixteen

Oath Keepers have been <a href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/four-arrested-sixteen-defendant-oath-keeper-conspiracy-case-activities-leading-us-capitol" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">charged with federal conspiracy</a>,

among other offenses, for their actions that day. Prosecutors have

started discussing plea deals with some Oath Keeper members, which will

presumably lead to more information about who else was involved in their

activities."</font></p><div class="around-the-web"><div class="from-your-site__headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">From Your Site Articles</font></div>

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    </div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">qanon said infiltrate inaug w/ nat g uniforms; FBI has to do bkgd checks to stop insider attack, 2 guys booted</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2021/01/capitol-riot-2650025524">https://www.alternet.org/2021/01/capitol-riot-2650025524</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>U.S. authorities have arrested the leader of an extremist group on a conspiracy charge for storming the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6 in an effort to interfere with the certification of the electoral college vote.</b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>According to The Washington Post, alleged "Oath Keeper"&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/conspiracy-oath-keeper-arrest-capitol-riot/2021/01/19/fb84877a-5a4f-11eb-8bcf-3877871c819d_story.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Thomas Edward Caldwell of Clarke County, Va., was arrested on Tuesday, Jan. 19,</a>&nbsp;and is now facing four federal charges including "conspiracy to commit an offense against the United States in the attack on the Capitol. The conspiracy charge is reserved for offenses interfering with or obstructing the lawful operation of government."</b><br /></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Law enforcement officials' affidavit notes that Caldwell was reportedly responsible for organizing a group of 8 to 10 individuals, including some who have been identified as "styled Ohio militia members" who "<b>wore helmets and military-style gear and were seen moving purposefully toward the top of the Capitol steps and leading the move against police lines.</b>" The Ohio members of the group were reportedly arrested on Sunday, Jan. 17. [DUNNO IF GRAB BUDDY COLLAR MEANS ANYTHING]</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The affidavit also references a message Caldwell shared on Facebook on Jan. 1, just days before the pro-Trump mob stormed the U.S. Capitol. In that message, Caldwell noted that he had looked into travel accommodations for a group of individuals. One hotel location, in particular, was located&nbsp;<b>in Ballston, Va., just 8 miles away from the U.S. Capitol. Caldwell reportedly highlighted that location because it "would allow us to go hunting at night if we wanted to."<br /></b></font></p><p><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">That message was sent to a woman named&nbsp;<b>Jessica Watkins. The 38-year-old U.S. Army veteran&nbsp;</b>was among the Ohio residents arrested on Sunday, Jan.17 for storming the Capitol along with other members of the "Ohio State Regular Militia," an extremist group she allegedly founded back in 2019.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The FBI also highlighted another message Caldwell sent suggesting they would be mobilizing since Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes had not made his "call to arms."</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"I don't know if Stewie has even gotten out his call to arms, but it's a little friggin late," Caldwell wrote on Jan. 1, adding, "This is one we are doing on our own. We will link up with the North Carolina [sic]&nbsp;<b>crew."</b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The affidavit also reveals that Caldwell also sent a video message from inside the Capitol on Jan. 6. Accompanying the disturbing clip, he wrote, "us storming the castle. Please share. Sharon was right with me! I am such an instigator! She was ready for it man! Didn't even mind the tear gas."</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"Proud boys scuffled with cops and drove them inside to hide. Breached the doors. One guy made it all the way to the house floor, another to Pelosi's office. A good time," Caldwell said. Shortly after making that remark, Caldwell added, "We need to do this at the local level. Lets [sic] storm the capitol in Ohio. Tell me when!"</b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As of Tuesday, Jan. 19, more than 100 people have been arrested in connection with the riot that took place on Capitol Hill.</font></p><div class="around-the-web" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="from-your-site__headline" style="font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FROM YOUR SITE ARTICLES</font></div><ul class="around-the-web__list" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; width: 589.446px; list-style: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li class="from-your-site__item"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2021/01/brietbart-trump/" class="from-your-site__link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><div class="layout-constrain--narrow" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 47.2222em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; line-height: 1.5;"><div class="at-above-post addthis_tool" data-url="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-repeats-demand-that-trump-declare-martial-law-to-avoid-militia-led-civil-war/" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; line-height: 1.5;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Stewart Rhodes, pro-Trump leader of the anti-government extremist group Oath Keepers, posted an open letter to President Donald Trump Monday <b>urging Trump to invoke the Insurrection Act</b> against “domestic traitors,” order “trusted military units” to “seize all databases of the CIA, FBI, NSA, DNI, etc and the records held by all state electoral systems and administrators,” and declassify evidence of treason by “corrupt and compromised elites”&nbsp;who&nbsp;he claimed&nbsp;had worked with the Chinese government to subvert the election.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The letter echoes comments Rhodes made at a Dec. 12&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/ecumenical-pro-trump-cult-of-personality-brings-extremism-to-national-mall/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">“prayer rally”</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;on the National Mall, where </span><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">he warned Trump that if he doesn’t take action, right-wing militias will have to do so in a </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-calls-for-bloody-war-if-trump-doesnt-invoke-insurrection-act/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">much more bloody war</a>.</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">”</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">This language is nothing new for Rhodes. During last year’s impeachment investigation, Rhodes&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/how-the-plot-to-kidnap-whitmer-fits-into-right-wing-extremists-violent-rhetoric-around-the-2020-election/" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">warned</a>, “We ARE on the verge of a HOT civil war. Like in 1859.”&nbsp;In&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-if-hillary-had-won-wed-be-in-a-civil-war/" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">a 2017 Fourth of July message</a>&nbsp;he said that if Hillary Clinton had defeated Trump with the help of “election fraud” and “illegal alien votes,” the country would have been involved in civil war “combat.” As Right Wing Watch’s Kristen Doerer noted in October, the Oath Keepers’ violent language is part of a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/how-the-plot-to-kidnap-whitmer-fits-into-right-wing-extremists-violent-rhetoric-around-the-2020-election/" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">broader use of rhetoric about civil war</a>&nbsp;from across the right-wing movement.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In his new open letter, Rhodes writes:</font></p><blockquote style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; hyphens: none; padding: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0.75em 2em;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">It’s time to honor that oath by defending the Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">This is your moment of destiny.&nbsp;&nbsp; Will you take your place in history as the savior of our Republic, right up there with President Washington and Lincoln?&nbsp;&nbsp; Or will you fail to act, while you still can, and leave office on January 20, 2021, <b>leaving We the People to fight a desperate revolution/civil war against an illegitimate usurper and his Chicom puppet regime?</b></font></p></blockquote><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Rhodes claims that the Supreme Court’s refusal to hear the recent case brought by the attorney general of Texas “shows that the cancer of cowardice, compromised officials, and treason has spread even to the Supreme Court.” He urges Trump not to concede the election:</font></p><blockquote style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; hyphens: none; padding: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0.75em 2em;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span style="background-color: rgb(239, 243, 243);">Through well-orchestrated mass vote fraud, the Communist Chinese and their domestic enemy allies are about to install their illegitimate puppet, Joe Biden, and his equally </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><b style="">illegitimate puppet running mate, Kamala Harris</b>, into the White House, with their treasonous fingers on the nuclear launch codes.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(239, 243, 243); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><b>You must act NOW as a wartime President, pursuant to your oath to defend the Constitution, which is very similar to the oath all of us veterans swore.&nbsp;</b> We are already in a fight.&nbsp; It’s better to wage it with you as Commander-in-Chief than to have you comply with a fraudulent election, leave office, and leave the White House in the hands of illegitimate usurpers and Chinese puppets.&nbsp; Please don’t do it.&nbsp; Do NOT concede, and do NOT wait until January 20, 2021.&nbsp; Strike now.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(239, 243, 243); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">If you fail to act while you are still in office, we the people will have to fight a bloody civil war and revolution against these two illegitimate Communist China puppets, and their illegitimate regime, with all of the powers of the <b>deep state behind them, with nominal command of all the might of our armed forces</b> (though we fully expect many units or entire branches to refuse their orders and to fight against them) and <b>with their foreign allies also joining in to assist in the suppression of American patriots.</b></font></p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Rhodes urges Trump to federalize all National Guard units, call up military veterans under the age of 65, and order “all able-bodied Americans between the ages of 17-45 who are still loyal to the Constitution to likewise report for duty, bearing their own arms” to keep the peace and “suppress the <b>expected riots, terrorism, and armed insurrection by the radical left in&nbsp;the&nbsp;United&nbsp;States (who have been armed and equipped for months now by our foreign and domestic enemies).</b></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>”</b></span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Rhodes concludes the letter to Trump with a repeat of the demand and threat he posed at Saturday’s rally:</font></p><blockquote style="background: rgb(239, 243, 243); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; hyphens: none; padding: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0.75em 2em;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><b>WE ARE IN FOR A FIGHT, NO MATTER WHAT.&nbsp; LET’S GET IT DONE</b> WITH YOU AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">There is no way out but through.&nbsp; And we will NOT submit to a Chicom puppet regime.&nbsp; You must stand tall and use your constitutional powers to fight this war against enemies foreign and domestic while you are still President and Commander-in-Chief.&nbsp; If you fail to do so, we the people will have to fight a bloody revolution/civil war to throw off an <b>illegitimate deep state/Chinese puppet regime.</b></font></p></blockquote><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oath Keepers, launched by Rhodes in 2009 after the election of President Barack Obama, claims to be a nonpartisan group of current and former law enforcement and military&nbsp;service members&nbsp;committed to protecting Americans’ constitutional rights by refusing to abide by unconstitutional orders. In reality, Oath Keepers under Rhodes is a hard-right anti-government group. Rhodes has repeatedly&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/09/11/long-dangerous-history-far-rights-calls-violence-civil-war/" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">called for violence</a>&nbsp;and declared that the U.S. is at the point of civil war.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In an article in the November 2020 issue of The Atlantic, Mike Giglio&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/11/right-wing-militias-civil-war/616473/" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">reported</a>&nbsp;that Oath Keepers “has recruited thousands of police, soldiers, and veterans.” His reporting drew in part on a<b> database of 25,000 Oath Keepers&nbsp;members and supporters obtained by the Southern Poverty Law Center</b>. Rhodes told Giglio that it would be better to wage civil war than to “slide into a nightmare” of a dictatorship.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Giglio reported that at a recruiting meeting outside Nashville, Tennessee,&nbsp;in July, </span><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Rhodes called&nbsp;anti-fascist&nbsp;activists and protesters “insurrectionists” and declared, “Us old vets and younger ones are going to end up having to kill these young kids,” adding, “And they’re going to die believing they were fighting Nazis.”</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> </span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">At an event in Virginia, a former marine declared, “We should have been shooting a long time ago instead of standing off to the side.”</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Politico’s Ciara O’Rourke reported earlier this month that “<a href="https://news.yahoo.com/oath-keepers-quietly-infiltrating-local-093034934.html" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Oath Keepers are quietly infiltrating local government</a>.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2016, Trump&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/trump-invites-anti-government-extremist-sheriff-to-speak-at-gop-convention/" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">gave a speaking slot</a>&nbsp;at the Republican National Convention to<b> Sheriff David Clarke, </b>who had&nbsp;previously received&nbsp;an award from the Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association, a group that shares some of Oath Keepers’ ideology. Clarke had also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/fox-news-favorite-sheriff-will-speak-to-radical-anti-government-oath-keepers/" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">spoken at a fundraising event</a>&nbsp;for Oath Keepers’ New York chapter.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Rhodes letter was co-signed by Kellye SoRelle, identified as a “Texas attorney and former prosecutor.” SoRelle, identified in news reports as a member of Lawyers for Trump, ran unsuccessfully for the Texas legislature this year,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kellye_SoRelle" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">drawing single digits</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;in the March 3 Republican primary. After the November election, she was “</span><a href="https://www.star-telegram.com/article247010392.html" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">at the center of a debunked election conspiracy</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">” when she reportedly made a </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">video of a man rolling a wagon carrying a box into the Detroit convention center where ballots were being counted. The video was&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-video-journalist-detroit-ba-idUSKBN27L2UN" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">given&nbsp;life&nbsp;online&nbsp;</a>by right-wing websites, including Gateway Pundit, and&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-donald-trump-media-social-media-8ef9bec6f2b8d07410d24c1242b72636" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">boosted on social media</a>&nbsp;by Eric Trump and others, even though&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wxyz.com/news/video-claiming-to-show-possible-voter-fraud-in-detroit-is-actually-a-wxyz-photographer-loading-camera-gear?fbclid=IwAR1dP2TWPgUvklQjG0Y1JlXkvaql1ZJA3cyH7ni93-js3HG6aSyk-NEkqC0" data-auth="NotApplicable" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">a television station affirmed</a>&nbsp;that the man was a photographer bringing camera equipment to cover the counting.</span></font></p><div class="at-below-post addthis_tool" data-url="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-repeats-demand-that-trump-declare-martial-law-to-avoid-militia-led-civil-war/" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; line-height: 1.5;"><div class="layout-constrain--narrow" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 47.2222em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; border-top: 5px solid rgb(239, 243, 243); margin-bottom: 2em; padding-top: 1em;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; font-weight: 700;">Tags:</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/stewart-rhodes/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Stewart Rhodes</a><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/topics/civil-war/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Civil War</a><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/topics/disinformation/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Disinformation</a><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/topics/election-2020/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Election 2020</a><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/topics/stop-the-steal/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Stop the Steal</a><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/topics/violent-rhetoric/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">violent rhetoric</a><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/organizations/oath-keepers/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Oath Keepers</a></font></p></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/12/the-far-right-oath-keepers-have-been-making-disturbing-inroads-in-this-texas-county-report/">https://www.alternet.org/2020/12/the-far-right-oath-keepers-have-been-making-disturbing-inroads-in-this-texas-county-report/</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">alexh</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">fa<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">r-right militia groups have felt emboldened by Donald Trump's presidency. And in</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/12/09/oath-keepers-far-right-group-infiltrate-local-government-texas-443773" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Hood County, Texas</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, according to Politico's Ciara O'Rourke, members of the Oath Keepers are infiltrating the local government.</span></font></div><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hood County is a Republican-leaning county near Fort Worth. Although Dallas leans Democratic — not unlike Houston, Austin and El Paso — Hood County is more Republican and predominantly White. And O'Rourke, in a Politico article published on December 9, describes some of the inroads that the Oath Keepers have been making there.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>O'Rourke notes that John D. Shirley, the Hood County constable, is a "sworn member of the Oath Keepers" — which, she reports, has "in recent months…. been warning of a civil war."</b></font></p><p style=""><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">On August 31, Shirley called for the execution of Democratic Portland, Oregon Mayor Ted Wheeler, who he blamed for the shooting death of a member of the far-right militia group Patriot Prayer by an Antifa activist. Shirley, on&nbsp;<a href="https://archive.is/EKP92" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Facebook</a>, posted, "Ted Wheeler needs to be tried, convicted and executed posthaste. He has blood on his hands, and it's time for justice."</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">O'Rourke explains, "By the time he was posting about Wheeler, Shirley had been an Oath Keeper for more than a decade, serving on the organization's&nbsp;<a href="https://archive.is/KuNbT" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">board of directors</a>&nbsp;as its national peace officer liaison and as the Texas chapter president. But he isn't the only elected official in Hood County affiliated with the group. One member, a newly elected justice of the peace, said in February that Oath Keepers was having a 'surgence' there. Shirley has described an incoming county commissioner as an Oath Keeper."</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to O'Rourke, "What's happening in Hood County may represent a shift for a group that was once seen as a governmental antagonist but is now establishing itself inside the halls of the elected officialdom. And it is setting up potentially dangerous conflicts between officials with different ideas of what constitutes legitimate government authority."[twt]</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">o'Rourke points out that the Oath Keepers, founded in 2009, have been joining President Donald Trump in claiming, without evidence, that the election was stolen from him because of widespread voter fraud. The Oath Keepers posted in an e-mail blast, "Our POTUS will not go down without a fight. He WILL NOT concede. This election was stolen from We The People. We will prevail but we need your help!"</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On&nbsp;<a href="https://archive.is/U4mRQ#selection-735.0-758.0" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">November 7</a>, Shirley — typing in all caps — posted on Facebook, "NO WHINING, NO CRYING, NO PEARL CLUTCHING! DONALD TRUMP WON THE ELECTION. YOU CAN FEEL IT IN YOUR BONES. THIS WAS TAKEN FROM US ILLEGALLY.<b> THE ONLY WAY WE LOSE IS IF WE DON'T FIGHT. LEAVE IT ALL ON THE FIELD. ITS TIME TO SEPARATE THE WINTER SOLDIERS FROM THE SUNSHINE PATRIOTS."</b></font></p><div class="around-the-web" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="from-your-site__headline" style="text-transform: uppercase;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FROM YOUR SITE ARTICLES</font></div><ul class="around-the-web__list" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; width: 589.446px; list-style: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li class="from-your-site__item"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/02/radical-right-wing-paramilitary-group-recruits-texas-cops-for-bloody-civil-war-report/" class="from-your-site__link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; line-height: normal; display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px;">Radical right-wing paramilitary group recruits Texas cops for 'bloody ... ›</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li class="from-your-site__item"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/07/historian-outlines-a-terrifying-scenario-that-could-happen-if-trump-loses/" class="from-your-site__link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; line-height: normal; display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px;">Historian outlines a terrifying scenario that could happen if Trump ... ›</a></li><li class="from-your-site__item"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2015/01/inside-strange-paranoid-world-right-wing-oath-keepers/" class="from-your-site__link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; line-height: normal; display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px;">Inside the Strange, Paranoid World of the Right-Wing Oath Keepers ... ›</a></li></ul><div class="around-the-web__headline" style="text-transform: uppercase; margin-top: 10px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">RELATED ARTICLES AROUND THE WEB</font></div><ul class="around-the-web__list" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; width: 589.446px; list-style: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li class="around-the-web__item"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/7/13489640/oath-keepers-donald-trump-voter-fraud-intimidation-rigged" class="around-the-web__link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; line-height: normal; display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px;">The Oath Keepers, the far-right group answering Trump's call to ... ›</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li class="around-the-web__item"><a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/159174/oath-keepers-militias-trump-fascism" class="around-the-web__link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; line-height: normal; display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px;">The “Oath Keepers” Are Today's Blackshirts | The New Republic ›</a></li><li class="around-the-web__item"><a href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/02/oath-keepers/" class="around-the-web__link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; line-height: normal; display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px;">Oath Keepers and the Age of Treason – Mother Jones ›</a></li></ul></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...<a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-post-election-proud-boys-meltdown-is-here-and-its-ugly" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">At heart is a fight between two figureheads</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, Kyle Chapman and Enrique Tarrio, over whether the Proud Boys should stick by&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.salon.com/2018/10/17/gavin-mcinnes-and-the-proud-boys-alt-right-without-the-racism/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">their dubious claim that there is nothing racist</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;about the ideology of "Western chauvinism," or should openly embrace white nationalism and anti-Semitism.</span><b style="">&nbsp;Chapman is representing the blatant-racism side, declaring himself the new president of the splinter group calling themselves, no kidding, the "Proud Goys</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">." Tarrio is insisting that Chapman is a flunkey, failing to understand that the same can be said of anyone associated with the Proud Boys.</span></font></div><p style=""><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other right wing militia and white nationalist groups,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/11/right-wing-militias-civil-war/616473/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">such as the Three Percenters and the </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Oath Keepers</span></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> spent the weeks before the election firing themselves up for what they believed was an upcoming civil war. Now that Trump's presidency is deflating like a day-after birthday balloon, they're not quite ready to give up the fantasy.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/infowars/militia-leader-stewart-rhodes-says-he-has-men-stationed-outside-dc-ready-engage-violence" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.mediamatters.org/infowars/militia-leader-stewart-rhodes-says-he-has-men-stationed-outside-dc-ready-engage-violence</a></b></font></p><p><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">On Wednesday, Stewart Rhodes, the leader of the Oath Keepers, appeared on Infowars with Alex Jones and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/infowars/militia-leader-stewart-rhodes-says-he-has-men-stationed-outside-dc-ready-engage-violence" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">promised the faithful that the violence against hated liberals is still coming</a>.</font></p><p><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">"We have men already stationed outside D.C. as a nuclear option in case they attempt to remove the president illegally, we will step in and stop it," Rhodes declared, swearing that his forces are armed and "prepared to go in, if the president calls us up."</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As with most of the threats made by far-right figures, this is both a fantasy and a dangerous one. It's just plain silly to imagine that a handful of middle-aged and badly organized conspiracy theorists, no matter how many guns they have, could manage the task of seizing the federal government in a paramilitary coup.</font></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ref no guns allowed in DC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/infowars/militia-leader-stewart-rhodes-says-he-has-men-stationed-outside-dc-ready-engage-violence">https://www.mediamatters.org/infowars/militia-leader-stewart-rhodes-says-he-has-men-stationed-outside-dc-ready-engage-violence</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no vid</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--stories-text paragraph--view-mode--editorial" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="fancy-elems-wrapper field field--name-field-stories-text-formatted field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oath Keepers militia leader Stewart Rhodes said that he has armed men on standby outside of Washington, D.C., to supposedly prevent the 2020 presidential election from being stolen from President Donald Trump. Echoing elements of the QAnon conspiracy theory during an appearance on far-right conspiracy theorist Alex Jones’ program, Rhodes said the only way to prevent his men from engaging in a “bloody fight” would be Trump declassifying information to supposedly expose pedophiles in the “deep state” and allow the president to stay in power.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Rhodes also indicated his militia will be involved in a rally to support Trump&nbsp;planned for this weekend in the nation's capital.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes’ Oath Keepers militia, which comprises “former law enforcement officials and military veterans,” is&nbsp;<a href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/oath-keepers" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: box-shadow 0.15s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.5) 0px -1px 0px inset;">described</a>&nbsp;by the Southern Poverty Law Center as “one of the largest radical antigovernment groups in the U.S. today.” But, as Rhodes&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/infowars/militia-leader-stewart-rhodes-says-his-group-will-be-polling-locations-and-ready-kill" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: box-shadow 0.15s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.5) 0px -1px 0px inset;">recent public comments</a>&nbsp;have made clear, <b>the organization’s purpose has shifted from opposing the government to instead act as a pro-Trump vigilante group that is willing to violently support Trump’s unjust attempts to stay in power after losing the 2020 election</b>.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Rhodes joined Jones and Infowars host Owen Shroyer&nbsp;during the November 10 broadcast of&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Alex Jones Show</em>.</b> Rhodes claimed that, in order to stop the election from being stolen from him, Trump needs to declassify information exposing members of the “deep state” so that Americans will “all know exactly who the pedophiles are.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">” According to Rhodes, judges -- including Supreme Court Justice John Roberts -- politicians, and members of the legal community, academia, and media are all part of the “deep state.” These comments echoed&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-qanon.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: box-shadow 0.15s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.5) 0px -1px 0px inset;">a central tenet</a>&nbsp;of the QAnon conspiracy theory, which claims that Trump is engaged in a battle with a cabal of pedophile elites.</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[vid&nbsp;CitationFrom the November 10, 2020, edition of Infowars' The Alex Jones Show]</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>rhodes said Trump should task special forces leaders in the military to gather and process the information because “he cannot trust the normal military intelligence service</b>s.”<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Noting that he has previously been opposed to U.S. military intervention in domestic matters, Rhodes said that in this case Trump should invoke&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/roger-stone/roger-stone-calls-trump-seize-total-power-if-he-loses-election" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: box-shadow 0.15s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.5) 0px -1px 0px inset;">The Insurrection Act</a>&nbsp;to accomplish this goal.</span>&nbsp;</font></p></div></div><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--stories-text paragraph--view-mode--editorial" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="fancy-elems-wrapper field field--name-field-stories-text-formatted field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes then said that, in support of Trump, “we have men already stationed outside D.C. as a nuclear option in case they attempt to remove the president illegally, we will step in and stop it” and emphasized that these men are “armed” and “prepared to go in, if the president calls us up.” In addition to activity outside of the capital, Rhodes said he will have Oath Keepers inside the city this coming weekend to support a caravan of Infowars supporters being led by Shroyer who say they will hold an event on November 14. The Infowars contingent is one of several far-right groups&nbsp;<a href="https://dcist.com/story/20/11/11/maga-rally-trump-dc-election-counterprotest/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: box-shadow 0.15s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.5) 0px -1px 0px inset;">that say</a>&nbsp;that they will rally in the city to support Trump<b>. Stewart added that his group has been doing “recon” for the past week in the Washington, D.C., area.&nbsp;</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Rhodes called on supporters of Trump to converge on the capital in the same manner as far-right militia members gathered at a Nevada ranch in 2014 to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-nevada-bundy-20170726-story.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: box-shadow 0.15s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.5) 0px -1px 0px inset;">threaten</a>&nbsp;federal law enforcement officers who were attempting to enforce a court order against rancher Cliven Bundy.</b> He also made it clear during his appearance that the <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">only alternative to Trump staying in power would be violence, saying, “It’s either President Trump is encouraged, and bolstered, [and] strengthened to do what he must do or we wind up in a bloody fight. We all know that. The fight’s coming.</span>”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/infowars/militia-leader-stewart-rhodes-says-his-group-will-be-polling-locations-and-ready-kill" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: box-shadow 0.15s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.5) 0px -1px 0px inset;">previously claimed</a>&nbsp;during an appearance on Jones' show&nbsp;to have Oath Keepers stationed outside of Washington, D.C., for Election Day, to prevent an unhinged scenario he predicted in which opponents of Trump, aided by foreign terrorists, would storm the White House, and the Secret Service would run out of bullets, necessitating backup from members of his militia. While making those comments, Rhodes hyped the prospect of his Oath Keepers members engaging in widespread violence against the left in a civil war scenario.</font></p></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bannon ecourage violence we need new horatios? see stop the steal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">anti-gubment primarily, so core ID / funct not racial; stance is defend from tyrant, so not actively aggressive (set up buffer at malheur bundy]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">new book</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://kpfa.org/episode/rising-up-with-sonali-october-26-2020/">https://kpfa.org/episode/rising-up-with-sonali-october-26-2020/</a></font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">mma1120</font></div><div><p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 31px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Oath Keepers militia, which is comprised of “former law enforcement officials and military veterans,” is described by the Southern Poverty Law Center as “one of the largest radical anti-government groups in the U.S. today.” </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">This week, Oath Keepers militia leader&nbsp;<b style="">Steward Rhodes</b>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://click.e.mediamatters.org/?qs=ac73e30f06d51cd8ccd00aa71f086c2a2d1d5a14d52abc587fd9fad8deb9accb2a593486b65e5cd49224d893667d367e3ba193ccdfe8a09f" title="said" style="">told</a>&nbsp;conspiracy theorist&nbsp;<b style="">Alex Jones</b>&nbsp;that members of his militia will be at polling locations on Election Day to “protect” Trump voters.</span></font></span></span></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes went on to make many other unhinged statements on the program, including that the militia would follow directives from President&nbsp;<b style="">Donald Trump</b>&nbsp;to take members of the “deep state” into custody and “do what we have to do,” and that Oath Keepers will “be in range” of Washington D.C., to stop a “Benghazi-style” attack on the White House on election night, among other statements. Rhodes also hyped the possibility of a second civil war where his “battle-hardened” supporters kill the “street soldiers” and “command and control” of “the radical left.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Media Matters’&nbsp;</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Timothy Johnson</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://click.e.mediamatters.org/?qs=ac73e30f06d51cd846467f0842a0a0a5db59f7242640e284f25c7f799bd4c2e6ffb6a07d827f678b2d430c50856c2399db1a9fa5fc4861d8" title="explained" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">explained</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;the danger Rhodes and other militia members could pose: “Ahead of Election Day, there is mounting concern that firearms will be brought to voting locations and used to intimidate voters.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> On October 27, a Republican-appointed Michigan judge struck down a directive that prohibited firearms from being openly carried at polling sites in that state after several pro-gun groups filed a lawsuit. Just six states and Washington, D.C., have total bans of firearms at voting locations.”</span></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i style=""><b style="">Also:</b></i>&nbsp;Media Matters president&nbsp;<b style="">Angelo Carusone</b>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://click.e.mediamatters.org/?qs=ac73e30f06d51cd8f2116b63b265d9e7d9cf74edbd050347111e2794c0cd29f6860bd2e0e0cfa736be360ae3ab83d62246d5ec359010256c" title="spoke to Politico" style="">spoke to Politico&nbsp;</a>about how militias are organizing around right-wing predictions of left-wing violence: "There is a high possibility, researchers have noted, that militia posturing around the election will not result in actual demonstrations or violence. But as long as conservative rhetoric focuses on playing up left-wing violence, warned Media Matters’ Carusone, it will help perpetuate militia culture. 'Hyping warnings about potential left-wing violence is significant because that's what we're seeing militia groups planning around,' he said. 'We are seeing a similar theme in militia/extremist activity — that they're hyper focused on potential for left-wing groups to become violent on or after the election.'"</font></p></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/how-the-plot-to-kidnap-whitmer-fits-into-right-wing-extremists-violent-rhetoric-around-the-2020-election/">https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/how-the-plot-to-kidnap-whitmer-fits-into-right-wing-extremists-violent-rhetoric-around-the-2020-election/</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">analysis</font></span></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Adam Fox was worried about a rat. In the</span><a href="https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/10/10/whitmer-kidnap-scheme-planned-vacuum-shop-grand-rapids/5939827002/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">dark and cluttered basement</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">, Fox gathered the men’s phones in a bin and took them upstairs to the main floor of the nondescript vacuum store in Grand Rapids, Michigan—a measure meant to avoid surveillance. After he returned through the trap door normally hidden by a rug, the group of men began discussing how they would storm the state capitol in Lansing, Michigan, counter law enforcement who arrived on the scene, and throw&nbsp;<b>Molotov cocktails</b>&nbsp;at their vehicles. It was June 20.&nbsp;<b>Six days earlier, Fox had explained in a call that they’d need “200 men” to storm the capitol and take hostages, including the governor. They would try her for “treason,” he said—and they would carry out their plan before the November presidential election.&nbsp;</b></span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">The FBI arrested six men on Oct. 8—including Fox—for conspiring to kidnap Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer and overtake the state government. Through FBI informants and FBI agents, we know how those meetings went, spelled out in detail in an</span><a href="https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/10/08/fbi-affidavit-conspirators-kidnap-gov-remote-wisconsin-location/5923989002/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">FBI affidavit</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">. The men, in their 20s, 30s, and 40s, belonged to Wolverine Watchmen, an anti-government, anti-law enforcement militia group. Prior to the arrests, the group had surveilled Whitmer’s summer home, discussed bombing a bridge to block law enforcement response, and at another point, considered simply shooting Whitmer. On Tuesday, the FBI revealed the group had also considered kidnapping Gov. Ralph Northam of Virginia.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Whitmer has been the</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/trump-sides-with-armed-protesters-in-michigan-a-very-fine-people-sequel/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">target of extremists</span></a></b><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><b>&nbsp;since she implemented a series of public health measures, including a stay-at-home order, in March, acting swiftly to slow the spread of the coronavirus in Michigan.</b>&nbsp;In May, protesters and anti-government groups, some heavily armed, protested the restrictions at the state capitol, where they demanded to be let in and compared Whitmer to Hitler. Among the protesters were members of the Wolverine Watchmen.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">In addressing the conspiracy to kidnap her, Whitmer was quick to</span><a href="https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2020/10/08/michigan-governor-gretchen-whitmer-press-conference-alleged-kidnapping-plot-response-sot-vpx.cnn/video/playlists/this-week-in-politics/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">point out</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;President Donald Trump’s recent rhetoric at the first presidential debate: how he tried to skirt condemning white supremacists and then told the Proud Boys hate group to “stand back and stand by.”</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Hate groups heard the president’s words not as a rebuke but as a rallying cry, as a call to action. When our leaders speak, their words matter. They carry weight,” Whitmer said.</font></span></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Right Wing Watch has seen an increase of violent rhetoric across different right-wing subgroups—from conspiracy theorists and religious-right activists to white nationalists and anti-government groups. In some instances, extremists call for civil war, the use of force against Black Lives Matter protesters, and for government leaders to be tried for treason and executed.</font></span></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Trump has no doubt ushered in more radical proclamations from extremists—this is the man, after all, who</span><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54274115" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">won’t commit</span></a></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;to a peaceful transfer of power should he lose the election. But the right-wing media ecosystem is a two-way street, where fringe figures influence the president, and the president influences the boldness of fringe figures and their prominence in the conservative mainstream</span>.</span></font></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; font-weight: 400; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.1; position: relative; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; font-weight: 700;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Conspiracy Theorists and Radical Right-Wing Commentators: Fear-Mongering, Violent Language, and Anti-Government Sentiment</font></span></h3><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><figure id="attachment_513607" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-513607" class="wp-caption alignnone" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-weight="font-weight" max-width="max-width" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" width="width" px="px" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">[pix&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">Radical right-wing conspiracy theorist Rick Wiles blamed Gov. Gretchen Whitmer for the plot to kidnap and potentially murder her.]</span></font></figure><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">On the day the arrests of the Wolverine Watchmen members were announced, Rick Wiles, a conspiracy theorist whose TruNews conspiracy outlet claims to offer news and analysis from a conservative, Christian worldview,</span><a href="https://twitter.com/RightWingWatch/status/1314566282340163586" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">took to his program</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;to put the blame on Whitmer for the plot to kidnap and potentially murder her.&nbsp;</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Did you at all stop and think, what are you doing that drives middle class, law-abiding, tax-paying citizens to think about kidnapping you?” Wiles said. “What are you doing? Are your policies so extreme, so radical that you’re pushing people over the line to say&nbsp;<b>we have to get that woman out of the governor’s office?”</b></font></span></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">While the claim is shocking, especially for an outlet that has been granted White House press credentials as recently as</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/virulent-anti-semite-rick-wiles-has-once-again-received-white-house-press-credentials/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">January</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">, it’s in keeping with Wiles</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-liberals-intend-to-put-conservatives-in-concentration-camps/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">fear-mongering</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;about government overreach—much of it anti-Semitic—which includes claiming that liberals</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-christians-in-america-will-soon-be-arrested-or-possibly-killed/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">intend</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;to</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-government-will-unleash-ebola-to-round-up-patriots/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">use the power</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;of government to</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-military-is-preparing-a-round-up-of-patriotic-men/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">round up</span></a><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-democrats-intend-to-hunt-down-and-shoot-conservatives/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">conservative Christians</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">, place them in</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-hillary-clinton-intended-to-put-conservatives-in-concentration-camps/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">concentration camps,</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;and</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-warns-that-if-democrats-gain-power-they-will-slaughter-christians-by-the-thousands/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">kill them</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And it’s not surprising for the ranks of conspiracy theorists and radical right-wing commentators who distrust news reports and the government—save for Trump—and imagine a “deep state” or globalist “New World Order” that wants to take away constitutional rights, get Trump out of office, and impose their will on the people.&nbsp;</font></span></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Wiles’ penchant for violent rhetoric is well documented by Right Wing Watch: In the past year alone, Wiles has</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-rejoices-in-trumps-staged-bible-photo-op/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">rejoiced</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;in Trump’s use of the military to forcefully clear protesters from a church to take a photo op with a Bible, vocalized his hope that Trump will round up liberal activists and</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-hopes-trump-will-round-up-liberal-activists-and-torture-them/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">torture them</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">, and gleefully claimed that special op forces were going to</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-wiles-thanks-god-that-special-forces-will-hunt-down-and-kill-right-wing-watch-commies/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">hunt down and shoot commies</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">—which&nbsp;</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">to Wiles&nbsp;</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">apparently includes Black Lives Matter, antifa, and Right Wing Watch. During the impeachment of Trump in December 2019, he claimed to have been stockpiling ammunition to prepare for a “violent civil war” between the “pagan left” and “religious right.”</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>While the enemies in the minds of right-wing conspiracy theorists are many, the hate directed at government officials who oppose Trump, particularly those who are women or people of color, in right-wing networks is particularly noteworthy.</b></font></span></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><b>Josh Bernstein,</b>&nbsp;a radical right-wing commentator with a penchant for calling for people to be executed, took to his YouTube channel earlier this month to call for Rep. Ilhan Omar to be charged with treason and executed. Omar has faced racist, xenophobic attacks from right-wing activists and the president himself as recently as</span><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/23/politics/ilhan-omar-trump-attacks-pennsylvania-rally/index.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">September</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">. Bernstein, who has</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/josh-bernstein-ilhan-omar-and-rashida-tlaib-have-earned-every-death-threat-theyve-received/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">said</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;that Omar has earned every death threat she’s received, followed up on Trump’s attacks just days later.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">“I believe that the FBI and the Department of Justice should charge Ilhan [Omar] with sedition, treason, marriage fraud, voter fraud, illegal campaign contributions, immigration fraud, and aiding and abetting our enemies,” Bernstein said,</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/josh-bernstein-on-rep-ilhan-omar-this-btch-should-be-executed/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">adding</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">, “this bitch should be executed.”</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Last year, Bernstein</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/josh-bernstein-urges-trump-to-become-a-dictator-for-patriotism/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">urged</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;Trump to become a “dictator for patriotism” and</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/right-wing-bonus-tracks-trump-the-lionheart/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">claimed</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;that members of the Trump administration watch his broadcasts.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">He’s not the only one talking about killing opponents to his extreme right-wing world view or calling for civil war. Claiming his warnings about a globalist “New World Order” takeover were coming true,<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;radical conspiracy theorist&nbsp;<b><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/alex-jones/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Alex Jones</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/alex-jones-tells-his-listeners-to-get-ready-to-die-in-fight-against-new-world-order/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">told</a>&nbsp;his listeners of his “Infowars” conspiracy show in August to wage war against academics and “the establishment perverts and pedophiles that run it,”</b>&nbsp;</span>adding that “t<b>he best thing to do in a defensive way is kill as many of them as quickly as possible.</b>”&nbsp;In February, radical right-wing conspiracy theorist Chris McDonald</span><a href="https://twitter.com/RightWingWatch/status/1227276455219953664" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">declared</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;that government officials who testified in the impeachment hearing against President Donald Trump are traitors and are “lucky they’re not hanging from nooses,” and in June during the protests against racism, McDonald and<b>&nbsp;fellow QAnon conspiracy theorist Mark Taylor</b></span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/chris-mcdonald-and-mark-taylor-say-coverage-of-ahmaud-arberys-killing-is-a-farce-and-false-flag-designed-to-harm-trump/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;"><b>&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">claimed</span></b></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><b>&nbsp;Black men were hanging themselves to start a civil war. “</b>They’re trying to start a civil war in this country, a race war,” Taylor said.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Among those fear-mongering and calling for violence against Black Lives Matter and antifa—shorthand for anti-fascist activists—is John Guandolo, a</span><a href="http://talkingpointsmemo.com/muckraker/the-strange-case-of-the-philandering-muslim-threat-hyping-fbi-agent" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">disgraced</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;former FBI agent turned right-wing</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/john-guandolo-cia-nominee-john-brennan-converted-to-islam/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">conspiracy theorist.</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;In June<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, Guandolo, who has made a new career out of</span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://www.texasobserver.org/jihadi-circuses-the-anti-muslim-police-training-in-san-angelo-was-worse-than-we-thought/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">peddling</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;anti-Muslim law enforcement trainings,</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/john-guandolo-wants-black-lives-matter-and-antifa-leaders-rounded-up-and-executed/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">said</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">, “we should round up the leaders and execute them for trying to revolt and overthrow the government. And if this doesn’t happen soon, we will lose this.”</span></span></font></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; font-weight: 400; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.1; position: relative; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; font-weight: 700;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Religious Right Calls for Civil War&nbsp;</font></span></h3><figure id="attachment_513810" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-513810" class="wp-caption alignnone" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-weight="font-weight" max-width="max-width" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" width="width" px="px" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font><figcaption id="caption-attachment-513810" class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; line-height: 1.2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">[ pix Robert Jeffress speaking at Values Voters Summit in 2017. In 2019, he claimed on Fox News that “removing the president” would “cause a Civil War-like fracture in this nation from which this country will never heal.”]</font></figcaption></figure><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Like right-wing conspiracy theorists, some religious-right activists and pastors</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/some-religious-right-figures-see-apocalyptic-dreams-of-violence-and-civil-war-as-warning-about-2020-election/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">see the 2020 election as a civil war</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;coming to America and warn that Christians need to wake up. They paint the current political climate as a spiritual battle, and Trump’s opponents are frequently depicted as “demonic.” Such messages have been promoted through “The Jim Bakker Show,” influential pro-Trump Pentecostal-oriented media outfit Charisma, and</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/evangelicals-for-trump-host-says-god-raised-up-trump-as-part-of-plan-for-end-times-second-coming/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">networks</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;of prominent</span><a href="https://www.texasobserver.org/dominion-theology/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">dominionist</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;“apostles” and “prophets.”</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><b>Rick Joyner</b>&nbsp;has been</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-joyner-martial-law-must-be-declared-if-trump-is-forced-from-office/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">warning</span></a><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-joyner-speculates-the-scalia-was-murdered-and-warns-that-america-is-heading-for-civil-war/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">for years</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;that civil war is coming to the</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/joyner-gun-control-is-pushing-nation-toward-a-second-american-revolution/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">United States</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;and that the country is headed toward</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-joyner-jade-helm-15-could-lead-to-martial-law-which-might-be-a-good-thing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">martial law</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">. In September, the right-wing pastor spoke to televangelist Jim Bakker on “The Jim Bakker Show,” where he</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/rick-joyner-says-god-seeded-our-country-with-military-veterans-to-head-up-christians-militias-in-looming-civil-war/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">told</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;viewers that God had seeded the country with military veterans experienced in urban warfare, citing a “prophetic” dream.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We’re in time for war. We need to recognize that. We need to mobilize. We need to get ready. I’m talking to law enforcement, talking to people. One of the things I saw in a dream I had related to our civil war was that militias would pop up like mushrooms. And it was God. These were good militias.” Joyner, who heads up Morningstar Ministries, said. “If God’s people don’t become a part of the militia movements, the good militias, the bad people will take them over.”</font></span></p><figure id="attachment_478775" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-478775" class="wp-caption alignright" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-weight="font-weight" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" width="width" px="px" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px -150px 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; float: right;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></figure><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Who are “the bad people”? In September, Joyner pointed to Black Lives Matter,</span><a href="https://twitter.com/RightWingWatch/status/1304470429109833730" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">declaring</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;that Christians must take a stand against the organization because it’s “the KKK of this time.” And during the impeachment inquiry, Bakker and Joyner</span><a href="https://twitter.com/RightWingWatch/status/1187797929421148160" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">agreed</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;that efforts to impeach Trump were satanic and treasonous.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><b>Bakker,</b>&nbsp;himself,</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/jim-bakker-warns-that-were-gonna-have-a-revolution-if-trump-is-not-reelected/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">warned</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;in August that if Trump is not reelected, “we’re gonna have a revolution” with right-wing Christians taking to the streets.&nbsp;</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">At the 2019 American Priority Festival and Conference, an annual pro-Trump conference held at Trump National Doral Miami resort held in October,</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/at-american-priority-conference-speakers-sowed-distrust-peddled-conspiracy-theories-and-called-for-civil-war/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">calls for civil war</span></a></b><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><b>&nbsp;were loud and clear.</b>&nbsp;“I need you to know that 2020 is a civil war that will change the face of America forever,”<b>&nbsp;Joshua Feuerstein,</b>&nbsp;a former pastor turned evangelical internet personality, said on the same stage Don Trump Jr. would later speak&nbsp;</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">on</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">. “And it’s God, ladies and gentlemen, it’s God that calls the qualified, that qualifies those that are called, that are willing to step up in the moment that matters, that&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">has greatness thrust upon them. And tonight, together here in this place to say that we are willing to fight, we may think ourselves insignificant, but that we will stand together in 2020, and we will win the war that will change the face of America.”</span></span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Earlier in the evening at the conference (known colloquially as AMPfest), televangelist</span><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-inc-podcast-listen-to-conference-goers-at-trump-resort-chant-for-war" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Mark Burns called for war</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">. “We’ve come to declare war!” he yelled, with attendees in the back of the ballroom echoing his call, shouting “War! War!” in response.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">This summer,</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/frank-pavone/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">F<b>rank Pavone</b></span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><b>, a Catholic priest&nbsp;</b>who runs an advocacy group committed to abolishing access to abortion in the U.S.,</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/2020-%E2%80%8Belection-no-less-than-a-civil-war-claims-%E2%80%8Bpro-%E2%80%8Btrump-anti-abortion-%E2%80%8Bextremist-frank-pavone/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">declared</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;that the 2020 election “is a spiritual battle and no less than a civil war.” Pavone held advisory positions in Trump’s&nbsp;</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">2020</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;reelection campaign, only resigning in July&nbsp;</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">at the</span><a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/priests-for-life-fr-frank-pavone-resigns-from-trump-campaign-roles-35946" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">direction of Roman Catholic Church authorities</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">.</span></font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" light="light" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">These messages from Trump’s religious-right boosters have reached the president. Days after Congress launched its formal impeachment inquiry last September, megachurch pastor and ardent Trump supporter Robert Jeffress claimed on Fox News that “</span><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/robert-jeffress/fox-news-contributor-robert-jeffress-if-trump-successfully-impeached-it-will-cause" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">removing the president</a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">” would “cause a Civil War-like fracture in this nation from which this country will never heal.” Apparently viewing the segment was Trump, who</span><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donald-trump-civil-war-impeachment-violence-removed-from-office_n_5d916a88e4b0019647aaa42d" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">tweeted</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;Jeffress’ quote.&nbsp;</span></font></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.1; position: relative; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Far-Right Militant Groups: ‘Awaiting the Green Light’</font></span></h3></div><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[pix]</font></span></div><div><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" transition-duration="transition-duration" s="s" transition-property="transition-property" border-color="border-color" box-shadow="box-shadow" color="color" opacity="opacity" text-shadow="text-shadow" transform="transform" transition-timing-function="transition-timing-function" linear="linear"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" transition-duration="transition-duration" s="s" transition-property="transition-property" background-color="background-color" border-color="border-color" box-shadow="box-shadow" color="color" opacity="opacity" text-shadow="text-shadow" transform="transform" transition-timing-function="transition-timing-function" linear="linear" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">when the militant group the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">&nbsp;<b style="">Oath Keepers</b>&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">saw Trump’s tweet of Jeffress’ comments on Fox, they responded in turn. “This is the truth,” read a</span></span><a href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/10/civil-war-oath-keepers-trump/" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" transition-duration="transition-duration" s="s" transition-property="transition-property" background-color="background-color" border-color="border-color" box-shadow="box-shadow" color="color" opacity="opacity" text-shadow="text-shadow" transform="transform" transition-timing-function="transition-timing-function" linear="linear" outline-offset="outline-offset" em="em" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">post from the group’s Twitter account</span></a><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" transition-duration="transition-duration" s="s" transition-property="transition-property" background-color="background-color" border-color="border-color" box-shadow="box-shadow" color="color" opacity="opacity" text-shadow="text-shadow" transform="transform" transition-timing-function="transition-timing-function" linear="linear" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">. “We ARE on the verge of a HOT civil war. Like in 1859.”</span></font></div><div><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" transition-duration="transition-duration" s="s" transition-property="transition-property" border-color="border-color" box-shadow="box-shadow" color="color" opacity="opacity" text-shadow="text-shadow" transform="transform" transition-timing-function="transition-timing-function" linear="linear"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></span></div><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div class="mce-content-body" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; 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transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 47.2222em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Oath Keepers, conceived as a group of “patriots,” law enforcement officers, and former military </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">members who would defy orders they didn’t like in opposition to a deep state members saw as conspiring to declare martial law, have now sided with Trump and see their role as ensuring law and order</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">.&nbsp;</span></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Other militia groups have done the same.&nbsp;</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Trump’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this sentiment; by forgoing a federal response, Trump has continued to receive the support of anti-government groups, while state and local governments have been left to issue piecemeal restrictions and face the ire of such groups.</span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">It’s amid this violent rhetoric, fear-mongering about government overreach, and calls for civil war that militia groups and white supremacist organizations are feeling emboldened—and Trump’s language has given these groups tacit, if not explicit, approval.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">In April, Trump sent off a series of tweets calling for&nbsp;</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">states led by three Democratic governors, including Whitmer and Northam, to be liberated from supposedly draconian public health measures. “LIBERATE MINNESOTA!” he</span><a href="https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/04/17/trump-tweets-liberate-michigan-other-states-democratic-governors/5152037002/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">tweeted</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">, followed by “LIBERATE MICHIGAN!” and “<b>LIBERATE VIRGINIA, and save your great 2nd Amendment. It is under siege!</b>”</span></span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Michael German, a former FBI agent who infiltrated neo-Nazis in the 1990s, is not surprised the Michigan governor was targeted by these groups following Trump’s message.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“These are groups that are used to listening for dog whistle affirmation among the powerful, and so when they get that affirmation spoken out loud, indirectly, it takes on a completely different meaning,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">” said German, a fellow with the Brennan Center for Justice’s Liberty & National Security Program. “You know, something like</span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;‘</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">liberate Virginia</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">‘</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">‘</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">liberate Michigan</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">‘</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;would be taken as ‘OK, this is a green light from the highest levels of our government. We should start planning.’”</span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">In August, German published a</span><a href="https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/hidden-plain-sight-racism-white-supremacy-and-far-right-militancy-law" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">report</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;with the Brennan Center detailing the militia groups that have law enforcement and former military members, though “only a tiny percentage of law enforcement officials are likely to be active members of white supremacist groups.” An investigation in</span><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/11/right-wing-militias-civil-war/616473/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">The Atlantic</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;details these connections in the Oath Keepers, which recruited thousands of police, soldiers, and veterans.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As protests erupted in the days following George Floyd’s death at the hands of police, members of extreme r</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ight-wing movements followed Trump’s lead in identifying common enemies among police and far-right militants, demonizing Black Lives Matter, anarchists, and antifa.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">“We’ve been through a lot of these protests, and [police] seem to have a less antagonistic and violent response when it’s far-right militants who are engaging in protest violence,” German said. “And I think that’s because the messaging that they’re receiving about who is the enemy of state, as the president is identifying these groups as the enemy of state and suggesting that there are friendlies among the far-right, white supremacist groups. That sends a pretty clear message both to the groups and to the police about who should be the target of their violence.”</span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">“So when these groups feel like they have the authority granted by the state to engage in this kind of behavior, they’re more likely to do it,” German said. “These groups operate on margin where their violence is reinforcing state action and state violence often, right—that the groups that the far-right militant and white supremacist groups target are the same groups that law enforcement targets disproportionately.”</span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">In August, 17-year-old Kyle Rittenhouse, who considers himself a militia member, fatally shot two demonstrators and injured a third at a protest against the police shooting of Jacob Blake in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Much has been said about how, minutes prior to the shooting,</span><a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/08/29/fact-check-video-police-thanked-kyle-rittenhouse-gave-him-water/5661804002/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">police thanked the group</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;for their presence and offered Rittenhouse water.</span></p><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 400; box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.1; position: relative; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; font-weight: 700;">Creating the Justification for Right-Wing Violence</span></h3><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">After Trump’s Proud Boy comments at the presidential debate, the hate group took to the social media platform Telegram where they took the president’s words</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-proud-boys-the-hate-group-trump-told-to-stand-back-and-stand-by/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">as a command</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">. “Standing by sir,” Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio wrote.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Two days later, Tarrio</span><a href="https://twitter.com/RightWingWatch/status/1311724895441768448" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">told</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;conspiracy theorist and failed congressional candidate DeAnna Lorraine—who in June had urged conservatives to form militias</span><a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/deanna-lorraine-urges-conservatives-to-form-militias-while-awaiting-the-green-light-to-take-back-the-streets/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">while awaiting the “green light”</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">&nbsp;to take back the streets—that his group had gained 2,000 to 3,000 new followers.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Violent rhetoric and civil war chatter among extremists is nothing new. But as we’ve approached the 2020 elections, the confluence of violent rhetoric among the extremists Right Wing Watch covers seems to have taken a frenzied pace, with different subgroups of the right-wing acting as an echo chamber, radicalizing each other and the president and vice versa. Trump, himself, has cultivated that echo chamber, creating a megaphone for his messaging.&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear;">Trump has refused to say whether he will step down peacefully should he lose the election. And since 2016, Trump and his team has pushed the narrative that Democrats and the deep state worked tirelessly to prevent him from becoming president in 2016 and, when they failed, conspired against him to prevent his reelection. By fear-mongering about voter fraud through mail-in voting and engaging with far-right conspiracy theories, Trump has insisted that any election he loses will have been fraudulent—creating justification for right-wing violence should he lose.</span></p><div class="at-below-post addthis_tool" data-url="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/how-the-plot-to-kidnap-whitmer-fits-into-right-wing-extremists-violent-rhetoric-around-the-2020-election/" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; line-height: 1.5;"><div class="layout-constrain--narrow" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 47.2222em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em;"><div class="tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; border-top: 5px solid rgb(239, 243, 243); margin-bottom: 2em; padding-top: 1em;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; font-weight: 700;">Tags:</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/chris-mcdonald/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Chris McDonald</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/donald-trump/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Donald Trump</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/frank-pavone/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Frank Pavone</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/jim-bakker/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Jim Bakker</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/john-guandolo/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">John Guandolo</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/josh-bernstein/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Josh Bernstein</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/joshua-feuerstein/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Joshua Feuerstein</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/mark-burns/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Mark Burns</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/mark-taylor/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Mark Taylor</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/rick-joyner/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Rick Joyner</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/rick-wiles/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Rick Wiles</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/people/robert-jeffress/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Robert Jeffress</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/topics/antifa/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Antifa</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/topics/civil-war/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Civil War</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/topics/conspiracy-theories/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">conspiracy theories</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/organizations/oath-keepers/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Oath Keepers</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/organizations/trunews/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Trunews</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rightwingwatch.org/organizations/wolverine-watchmen/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow, color, opacity, text-shadow, transform; transition-timing-function: linear; background-color: transparent; outline-offset: 0.111111em; text-decoration-line: none;">Wolverine Watchmen</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="font-weight: 700;"><font face="Times New Roman">====</font></div></span></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/10/here-are-5-far-right-extremist-groups-or-movements-that-pose-a-national-security-threat-in-the-us/">https://www.alternet.org/2020/10/here-are-5-far-right-extremist-groups-or-movements-that-pose-a-national-security-threat-in-the-us/</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">alex h</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">T<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">hroughout the anti-racism protests that have rocked the United States since the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis on May 25, President Donald Trump and his obedient sycophants at Fox News have engaged in nonstop fear-mongering over the Antifa movement. But it isn't Antifa that is imperiling the United States from a national security standpoint in 2020 — it is far-right white nationalist and white supremacist groups and extremist militias. And on Thursday, October 8, the danger that white nationalists and militia groups pose was evident when the<b>&nbsp;FBI announced that six men had been arrested in connection with an</b></span><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/08/us/gretchen-whitmer-michigan-militia.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">alleged terrorist plot</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">to kidnap and possibly murder</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54470427" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Six men are facing federal charges, while seven of their allies are facing weapons charges at the state level in Michigan.</span></b></font></div><p><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">The men arrested include members of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/10/08/whitmer-wolverine-watchmen-militia-michigan/5924617002/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Wolverine Watchmen</a>, an anti-government militia group, as well as allies of the Boogaloo movement. As these groups see it, Democrats like Whitmer do not hold power legitimately: the alleged would-be kidnappers, according to the FBI, planned to take Whitmer to Wisconsin after kidnapping her<b>, put her on "trial" and execute her for treason if found guilty.&nbsp;</b>And there is no reason to believe that far-right white extremists will not engage in violence in the weeks ahead if they do not like the way the presidential election is going.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Here are five extremist groups or movements to be worried about in the months to come.</b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1. The Boogaloo Bois</font></strong></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to NBC News, some of the Wolverine Watchmen arrested in connection with the alleged terrorist plot against Whitmer are also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/whitmer-conspiracy-allegations-tied-boogaloo-movement-n1242670" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">supporters of the Boogaloo movement</a>&nbsp;— which has been calling for a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/what-boogaloo-how-online-calls-violent-uprising-are-getting-organized-n1138461" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">civil war</a>&nbsp;as well as a race war and seeks the violent overthrow of the U.S. government. Boogaloo members also openly advocate killing police officers. In Northern California,&nbsp;<a href="https://abc7news.com/steven-carrillo-santa-cruz-boogaloo-pat-underwood-oakland-federal-officer/6317728/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Boogaloo supporter Steven Carrillo</a>&nbsp;was arrested in connection with an armed attack on a federal courthouse in Oakland on May 29. That attack left a security officer from the Federal Protective Service dead.</font></p><p><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Trump's claim that&nbsp;<a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/06/here-are-5-key-facts-about-antifa-that-trump-and-right-wing-media-are-painfully-unaware-of/" target="_self" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Antifa</a>&nbsp;is a terrorist movement is laughable. For all their militant rhetoric, Antifa do not engage in terrorist activities like the alleged plot against Whitmer or the drive-by attack in Oakland. But far-right white nationalist groups do.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2. QAnon</font></strong></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.npr.org/2020/10/02/919123199/house-votes-to-condemn-qanon-conspiracy-movement" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">QAnon movement</a>&nbsp;has been identified by the FBI as a possible source of domestic terrorism, and its sympathizers are making their way to the U.S. House of Representatives. In Georgia, QAnon supporter&nbsp;<a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/08/how-a-qanon-conspiracy-theorist-won-a-georgia-gop-congressional-primary-battle-with-the-help-of-mark-meadows-and-jim-jordan/" target="_self" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Marjorie Taylor Greene</a>&nbsp;won a&nbsp;<a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/511396-qanon-backer-marjorie-taylor-greene-wins-georgia-gop-runoff" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">congressional primary</a>&nbsp;on August 11, and given how deeply Republican her district is, it is entirely possible that she will win the general election in November and be sworn into the U.S. House of Representatives in January 2021 — which is incredibly disturbing when one considers what QAnon believes.&nbsp;<b>According to the QAnon conspiracy theory, the U.S. government has been infiltrated by an international ring of pedophiles and Satanists, and Trump was put in power to combat the ring.</b>&nbsp;According to QAnon, an anonymous figure named Q is giving them updates on Trump's battle.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As ludicrous as QAnon's beliefs are, supporters take them quite seriously. And if Trump loses to former Vice President Joe Biden in November and QAnon members feel a sense of desperation, that could make them even more dangerous and unhinged.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3. The Proud Boys</font></strong></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">During Trump's debate with Biden on September 29, moderator Chris Wallace (one of the more reasonable conservatives at Fox News) gave Trump every chance to condemn white nationalism and white supremacy. Instead, Trump expressed his solidarity with the far-right Proud Boys — a group of self-described "western chauvinists" who openly advocate violence and have been carrying out violent attacks against members of Black Lives Matter at anti-racism demonstrations. After Trump's endorsement,&nbsp;<b>members of the Proud Boys expressed their&nbsp;<a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/09/the-proud-boys-are-celebrating-trumps-frightening-expression-of-solidarity-with-the-violent-far-right-group-report/" target="_self" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">feelings of empowerment</a>&nbsp;and declared that they were ready to carry out acts of violence on the president's behalf.</b></font></p><p><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Proud Boys organizer Joe Biggs, following that debate, posted, "Trump basically said to go fuck them up! This makes me so happy." By "them," Biggs was referring to Antifa. And Biggs also posted, "President Trump told the proud boys to stand by because someone needs to deal with ANTIFA...well sir! we're ready!!"</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4. The Three Percenters movement</font></strong></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">The Three Percenters aren't one specific group, but rather, a movement of far-right militias. Three Percenters are well-armed and engage in military-like training, and they have made it clear that they are fully prepared for armed struggle.&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, "Percenterism is one of three core components within the anti-government militia movement, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">along with the Oath Keepers and traditional militia groups</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. The reference to '3 Percent' stems from the dubious historical claim that only 3% of American colonists fought against the British during the War of Independence.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5. The Wolverine Watchmen</font></strong></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/what-we-know-about-wolverine-watchmen-accused-of-terror-kidnap-plot-against-michigan-gov-gretchen-whitmer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Wolverine Watchmen</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;are among the many militia groups that believe that liberals and progressives and anti-Trump conservatives do not hold power legitimately and that it is their duty to wage armed struggle against their enemies. According to the FBI, the Wolverine Watchmen believed that Whitmer had violated the U.S. Constitution by promoting social distancing restrictions in Michigan in response to the coronavirus pandemic — and after kidnapping her and putting her on "trial" for treason, they would execute her if found guilty.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;But the group's activities, the FBI said, went way beyond their alleged plot to kidnap Whitmer: they also hoped to kidnap other officials in Michigan, overthrow the state government and ignite a civil war.</span></font></p><div class="rebellt-item col1" data-basename="tacit-endorsement-the-proud-boys-are-celebrating-trump-telling-them-to-stand-by" data-href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/10/here-are-5-far-right-extremist-groups-or-movements-that-pose-a-national-security-threat-in-the-us/tacit-endorsement-the-proud-boys-are-celebrating-trump-telling-them-to-stand-by" data-id="1" data-is-image="True" data-post-id="2648151028" data-published-at="1602250891" data-reload-ads="false" data-use-pagination="False" id="rebelltitem1" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h3 data-role="headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'Tacit endorsement': The Proud Boys are celebrating Trump telling them to 'stand by'</font></h3></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">====</font></div><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.politicalresearch.org/2020/06/19/mapping-paramilitary-and-far-right-threats-racial-justice" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://www.politicalresearch.org/2020/06/19/mapping-paramilitary-and-far-right-threats-racial-justice</font></a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style=""><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>By Political Research Associates</b>&nbsp;and the Institute for Research and Education on Human Rights (IREHR)</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Additional research support provided by Alexander Reid Ross</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We have been tracking reports of paramilitary and other far-right actors who are showing up at or adjacent to protests demanding an end to racist policing and a transformation of our carceral state. This map seeks to right-size the threat of paramilitaries to our social justice movements, neither exaggerating nor minimizing. We have confirmed 136 reported incidents since the killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police on May 25, 2020, and with new reports daily there are dozens more as of yet unconfirmed incidents to review. Given the variety of groups and factions involved and types of incidents, we have divided the data into a few broad categories of actors/ideologies on the one hand and actions and tactics on the other. In most cases, the underlying data preserves more nuance and can be used to make finer distinctions.&nbsp;</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Background</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Although most people may not remember, if they ever knew, far-right paramilitaries did turn up at previous rounds of protests over police violence.</b>&nbsp;For example, during the second wave of Ferguson protests, after a grand jury declined to indict the officer who killed Michael Brown, members of the paramilitary group the Oathkeepers patrolled rooftops claiming to be there to protect people and property. The heavily armed militia—which reports drawing its membership primarily from military veterans, police officers, and other first responders—was greeted with mixed reactions by protesters. Mostly they were a distraction from demands for justice and police accountability.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Now in 2020, far-right paramilitaries are once again making the scene at racial justice protests.&nbsp;</b>Particularly in the last days of May, rumors circulated that large numbers of armed militia members and/or outright White Nationalists were infiltrating, disrupting protests and threatening activists. Some of the armed militias were claiming to be there to support the protestors—or at least to speak against police violence and overreach.&nbsp;</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">President Trump continues to try to divert attention to an invented threat from “antifa,” tweeting that he will have them declared a terrorist group and the Attorney General of the United States has threatened to point the FBI’s Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) at “Antifa and similar groups.” Meanwhile, the Trump campaign has run over 2,000 advertisements on social media since June 2, warning about “Dangerous MOBS of far-left groups,” some versions of which featured a point-down red triangle, an image used to identify political enemies in Nazi concentration camps. Even as police deployed tear gas and rubber bullets against protestors, activists and organizers were left wondering how seriously to take the threat of violence from right-wing paramilitaries.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Key Findings</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The absolute number of far-right and paramilitary actors at racial justice and police accountability protests has been relatively small, typically no more than a dozen people, and often only one or two men in Hawaiian shirts and tactical gear in a sea of racial justice protestors. The exceptions have been where less organized groups of people with guns have turned up to confront an imaginary “antifa” menace, usually in smaller towns in the West.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In spite of the low numbers involved, there are reasons to be concerned. Some of the paramilitary actors are proving to be willing not just to talk about using violence to stir up chaos and provoke confrontation between protestors and the state, but to take violent action.&nbsp;</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven Carillo, an active-duty staff sergeant in the Air Force, has been arrested and charged with killing a guard at the federal courthouse in Oakland. In a Facebook post before the attack, Carillo allegedly wrote: “Use their anger to fuel our fire. Think outside the box. We have mobs of angry people to use to our advantage.” Wounded in a firefight with Santa Cruz deputy sheriffs, Carillo apparently highjacked a car and scrawled “Boog” on the hood in his own blood.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Three men also connected to the Boogaloo movement were arrested in Nevada on charges of possessing explosives and conspiring to incite violence.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other rightwing violence has been less intentionally directed toward fomenting chaos and confrontation with the state. For example in Albuquerque, New Mexico, a one-time city council candidate shot and critically wounded a racial justice protestor and assaulted several others in an attempt to defend a conquistador monument. He was subsequently defended from the crowd by members of the New Mexico Civil Guard, a militia group, though they subsequently disavowed any connection to the shooter.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Map Details</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Incidents are grouped into four categories:</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><br /></b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Harassment/counterprotest is the largest category, with 106 instances,</b>&nbsp;and includes a variety of activities including verbal harassment, intimidation, those claiming to be there to protect property, prevent looting, or defend the First Amendment or engaged in the doxxing of protestors.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Violence/threat, which includes only actual or attempted violence in or around the protest space or direct menacing, such as pointing a gun or other weapon at someone.</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><br /></b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Attended protest claiming support, includes mostly members of the Boogaloo faction,</b>&nbsp;and only when they have shown through words, spoken or written, or through their actions, that they intend their presence to be in support of racial justice and police accountability, for example by carrying signs that say Black Lives Matter or Justice for George Floyd.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Law enforcement complicity is a small category</b>&nbsp;in the data with large implications and refers to law enforcement officials who indicate alignment with paramilitary or far-right groups, for example by wearing a III% insignia.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The main actors that show up in our data include:</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><br /></b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Boogaloo, or Boogaloo Bois</b>, is a very loose network of actors that originated online, but who have begun to show up at in-person protest actions in recent months. They are often recognizable by wearing tactical military-style gear and Hawaiian shirts. The “Boogaloo” is a code word for a new civil war, which they tend to see as inevitable, if not desirable. They have shown up in a variety of ways, including claiming support for police accountability and violence/threat.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style=""><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">The Oathkeepers</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and the III% (Three Percenters)</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;are closely allied paramilitary or militia factions that typically claim a constitutionalist orientation—that is, that they exist to defend the Constitution from threats.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> Many are or claim to be military veterans or first responders of one sort or another.</span></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Proud Boys, who define themselves as “Western chauvinists”</b>&nbsp;defending U.S. institutions from leftists and outside influences. In practice, they are best known for their street brawls with anti-fascists, anarchists, anti-racists, and others. They have shown up mostly in the counterprotest/harassment category.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other categories include armed mobs of mostly white men who have appeared after online calls to defend their communities from mostly imaginary threats of left-wing looters being bused into town. They are, as far as we can tell, not part of any organized or recognizable group. There are also a small number of explicit White nationalists, including some neonazis, who have shown up in the counterprotest/harassment lane.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The map presented here is our joint attempt to create a resource for organizers and activists, journalists and researchers, to place the threat of the far-right showing up at racial justice protests in context, more-or-less at a glance.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div></div><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/02/radical-right-wing-paramilitary-group-recruits-texas-cops-for-bloody-civil-war-report" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.alternet.org/2020/02/radical-right-wing-paramilitary-group-recruits-texas-cops-for-bloody-civil-war-report</font></a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>radical right-wing paramilitary group recruits Texas cops for ‘bloody civil war’: report</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><br /></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Charlottesville "Unite the Right" Rally. Far-right Oath Keepers patrol Emancipation Park. Credit: Anthony Crider https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Written by Tom Boggioni / Raw Story February 29, 2020</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>According to a report from the Star-Telegram, a senior member of the rightwing paramilitary group Oath Keepers who moved to Texas in 2015 is actively recruiting local law enforcement employees while telling them a “bloody civil war” against the U.S. government is on the horizon.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">The report states that John D. Shirley, the national director of the Las Vegas-based Oath Keepers finagled himself a job as a county constable in Hood County which provided him with access to other police officers and now he is using his position to recruit.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Oath Keepers organization is “one of the largest radical antigovernment groups in the U.S. today” with, reportedly, thousands of members made up of former law enforcement officials and military veterans.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Star-Telegram reports that Shirley’s “Oath Keepers of Hood County” drive was scheduled at a local golf course earlier in the week before being canceled by the management because they felt the group had misrepresented itself when they booked the meeting place.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The report notes that Shirley has attempted to allay fears about the group’s intentions despite claims on their own website about a coming “New World order” and antisemitic rhetoric, that goes hand-in-hand with their unyielding defense of gun ownership.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to Shirley, in column for the online publication Hood County Today, the Oath Keepers are not “anti-government” because, as he wrote, “I am a public servant OF the government,” before adding, “The U.S. Constitution, the document this organization holds as sacrosanct, is the foundational document of our GOVERNMENT.”</font></div><div><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">The report notes that local law officials say there is no policy that bans police from joining the group which has one local running for sheriff extremely concerned.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><br /></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>According to Vance Keyes of Fort Worth, “I am absolutely concerned about militia groups infiltrating law enforcement. Their presence in policing undermines our obligation and ability to provide impartial justice … free from the thinly veiled, and often outright, racial bias that exist in such organizations.”</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He added, “They destroy sincere efforts to strengthen police/community relations in minority communities. Their anti-government rhetoric is also an affront to police professionals that take seriously their obligation to public service and the rule of law.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">You can read more here.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.star-telegram.com/news/politics-government/article240714426.html"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.star-telegram.com/news/politics-government/article240714426.html</font></a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ref no lnx</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx many</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><br /></div><div>Fort Worth Star Telegram</div><div><br /></div><div><b>A paranoid militia infiltrating Texas police is bent on rebellion, ‘ready to rise up’</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>BY BUD KENNEDY</div><div>FEBRUARY 28, 2020 09:26 AM&nbsp;</div><div>BY</div><div>FORT WORTH</div><div>A revolution-minded, conspiracy-bent militia group named the Oath Keepers is recruiting law officers in Hood County to take up arms in what the founder predicts will be&nbsp;<b>a “bloody civil war” against the U.S. government.</b></div><div><br /></div><div>A national director of the Las Vegas-based Oath Keepers, John D. Shirley, moved to rural Hood County in 2015 and has been appointed by county commissioners as a constable, giving him both access to confidential information and a political platform to recruit more militia members.</div><div><br /></div><div>A regional recruitment rally announced for Monday was canceled by Harbor Lakes Golf Club, citing misrepresentation. It was supposed to launch Shirley’s “Oath Keepers of Hood County” chapter.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>The Oath Keepers’ current recruiting pitch focuses on gun rights and the Second Amendment. But unlike other gun libertarians, the Oath Keepers promote paranoid fears of a “New World Order” conspiracy and spread veiled anti-Semitism in distrusting “elites,” similar to discredited Austin showbiz personality Alex Jones.</b></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Mainly, the group asks for money. Its website begs law officers and veterans to militarize and also pay $1,200 for a “lifetime membership” or $50-$120 for annual memberships.</b></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“They view themselves as ready to rise up” to oppose the government, said Mark Pitcavage of the Anti-Defamation League, which watches militia hobbyists and so-called patriot-movement groups along with monitoring neo-Nazis and race or religious hate groups.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Officially, the Oath Keepers are nonpartisan and nondiscriminatory. The ADL labels the group as “anti-government extremist.”</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But the group rose in 2009 along with the Tea Party months after the election of President Barack Obama.</span></div><div><br /></div><div>Founder Stewart Rhodes had worked and campaigned for U.S. Rep. Ron Paul, a gun-libertarian Republican.</div><div><br /></div><div>IMG_3398.jpg</div><div>Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes at a 2013 rally in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho. Tyler Tjomsland AP/THE SPOKESMAN-REVIEW]</div><div><br /></div><div><b>In a Jan. 22 speech posted on the Oath Keepers’ Facebook page, Rhodes claimed Americans have a legal right to the same weapons as the U.S. military.</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>“A weapon of war is what you want in your hands,” he said.</b></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Accusing “pencil-neck lawyers” in government of conspiring against gun owners, Rhodes said “they know we will resist. And that’s precisely why they want your semiautomatic rifles. ... They are useful in resisting tyranny.”</span></div><div><br /></div><div><b>The Oath Keepers’ mantra is a list of 10 “Orders We Will Not Obey” — say, turning cities into concentration camps, or forcing Americans into detention camps.</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Neither seems likely in Hood County.</div><div><br /></div><div>At the height of the recent debate over new stricter Virginia gun laws, Rhodes said in a speech: “We are being pushed towards a revolutionary war.”</div><div><br /></div><div>He blamed presidential candidate Mike Bloomberg and Democratic campaign donor George Soros, both of Jewish descent, using the term “elites.”</div><div><br /></div><div>“Texans beware — they’re coming for us,” he said.</div><div><br /></div><div>[IMG-3405.JPG</div><div>Constable John D. Shirley of rural Hood County is on the national board of Las Vegas-based Oath Keepers. WWW.CO.HOOD.TX.US]</div><div><br /></div><div>Shirley, a retired Houston police officer, has said he was one of Rhodes’ first allies in 2009 and spoke at a<b>&nbsp;2009 Tea Party rally,</b>&nbsp;calling for law officers and veterans to organize. He has been described as the group’s law enforcement recruiter.</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">He operates a false Twitter account, “@HoodCoTxConst2,” that is labeled the public office’s official Twitter feed but actually contains personal political content.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>It uses the official badge as artwork. Commenters or those sending direct messages may falsely believe they are sending information to a law enforcement agency and not to a political account.</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>[IMG-3406.JPG</div><div>A false Twitter account uses a county badge but promotes Constable John D. Shirley’s political views. TWITTER.COM/HOODCOTXCONST2]</div><div><br /></div><div>The badge appears to be used illegally for a private political account.</div><div><br /></div><div>In a guest column in the online publication Hood County Today, Shirley wrote that the Oath Keepers shouldn’t be called anti-government, because “I am a public servant OF the government.”</div><div><br /></div><div>He went on: “The U.S. Constitution, the document this organization holds as sacrosanct, is the foundational document of our GOVERNMENT.”</div><div><br /></div><div>His Oath Keepers plans were first reported in the Hood County News..</div><div><br /></div><div>Hood County Judge Ron Massengill did not return a message asking about Oath Keeper infiltration of law enforcement.</div><div><br /></div><div>Sheriff Roger Deeds left a message saying he is not a member of the Oath Keepers but “I have heard of it.”</div><div><br /></div><div>One of Shirley’s two opponents Tuesday in the Republican Party primary, Keith Martin, responded to a message and said he is not a member but “I am aware of the organization.”</div><div><br /></div><div>Shirley’s other opponent, James D. Edwards, did not return messages left on both his personal and campaign Facebook pages.</div><div><br /></div><div>I asked a Tarrant County Sheriff’s Office spokesman whether our county has a policy against outside memberships in militias like the Oath Keepers.</div><div><br /></div><div>Tarrant County has no policy. Sheriff Bill Waybourn of Dalworthington Gardens had no comment.</div><div><br /></div><div>His Democratic opponent, Vance Keyes of Fort Worth, had plenty of comment.</div><div><br /></div><div>Keyes wrote by email that the Oath Keepers have no place in law enforcement.</div><div><br /></div><div>“I am absolutely concerned about militia groups infiltrating law enforcement,” Keyes wrote.</div><div><br /></div><div>“Their presence in policing undermines our obligation and ability to provide impartial justice ... free from the thinly veiled, and often outright, racial bias that exist in such organizations.</div><div><br /></div><div>“ They destroy sincere efforts to strengthen police/community relations in minority communities. Their anti-government rhetoric is also an affront to police professionals that take seriously their obligation to public service and the rule of law.”</div><div><br /></div><div>The Oath Keepers are selling poison. And charging $1,200.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>BUD KENNEDY</div><div>Columnist Bud Kennedy is a Fort Worth guy who covered high school football at 16 and has moved on to two Super Bowls, seven political conventions and 16 Texas Legislature sessions. First on the scene of a 1988 DFW Airport crash, he interviewed passengers running from the burning plane. He made his first appearance in the paper before he was born: He was sold for $600 in the adoption classifieds.</div><div>&nbsp;</div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">819</font></div><div><p class="p1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The leader of a large right-wing militia group told followers to skip a planned rally in Portland, Oregon, on Saturday, saying that organizers hadn’t properly kept white nationalists away from the event and that attendees could face legal consequences.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="more-1243200" style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><div class="code-block code-block-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; clear: both;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: -38px;"><p class="p1" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a&nbsp;<a href="https://oathkeepers.org/2019/08/oath-keepers-will-not-be-participating-in-the-august-17-rally-in-portland-or/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">statement</a>&nbsp;on his group’s website, Oath Keepers founder&nbsp;<a href="https://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/we-build-the-wall-oath-keepers-three-percenters-guardian-patriots" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Stewart Rhodes</a>&nbsp;said he owed it to his membership to disavow the so-called “End Domestic Terrorism” rally, where attendees will demand that anti-fascists, or “antifa,” be labeled a terrorist group.</font></p><p class="p1" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We do not believe the organizers are taking the steps necessary to ensure that white nationalist and suspected white nationalist groups and individuals will be excluded,” he wrote.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes expressed concern that threats of violence from the right could put attendees at legal risk.</font></p><p class="p1" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Citing the work of anarchist news website It’s Going Down, Rhodes pointed to the&nbsp;<a href="https://itsgoingdown.org/proud-boy-leaders-tone-down-after-fbi/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">archived</a>&nbsp;posts the site has collected that show prominent far-right figures,&nbsp;including the event’s organizers, seemingly threatening violence.</font></p><p class="p1" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes said that statements that can be “construed as expressing an intent to come to Portland to seek out Antifa and engage them in street fights” or “worse” could “potentially expose all attendees to possible prosecution using both an Oregon state ‘rioting’ statute and a federal rioting statute.”</font></p><div class="code-block code-block-7" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; clear: both;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: -38px;"><p class="p1" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joe Biggs, an event organizer and former InfoWars host who&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/Johnnthelefty/status/1157872808707235841?fbclid=IwAR0BJVpV6X1txh1Uh0WBC8l80d3bjuJ0xE8j3hxb3R4LEOOEZ_LKCo-6PSQk" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">frequently</a>&nbsp;posts threatening messages and memes online, claimed in a recent Facebook post&nbsp;<a href="https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2019/08/chief-says-portland-is-becoming-a-magnet-for-brawling-political-protests-while-out-of-state-proud-boys-send-message-to-mayor-city-commissioners.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">flagged by The Oregonian</a>&nbsp;that the FBI had asked him to “tone down” the rhetoric about the event.</font></p><p class="p1" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Everyone in law enforcement is on edge after these last two shootings,” he wrote, presumably referring to the shooting massacres in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, recently.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Portland Police Bureau said in a&nbsp;statement&nbsp;<a href="https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2019/08/02/26905848/portland-police-brace-for-august-17-proud-boys-rally" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">earlier this month</a>,&nbsp;“Based on publicly-available information, the Bureau is concerned events on August 17 may involve persons interested in participating in criminal activity.”</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Messaging for Saturday’s rally has focused on the assault of right-wing commentator Andy Ngo in Portland in late June. Video from the last time the right-wing “Proud Boys” gang rallied in Portland appeared to show counterprotesters — clad in black with their faces covered, a uniform of some — attacking Ngo and pouring milkshakes on him. The footage spread like wildfire on the right and was touted by conservatives as supposed evidence of the left’s terrorism problem, and used as fodder for Sens. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Bill Cassidy’s (R-LA)&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cassidy.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/cassidy-cruz-antifa-is-a-domestic-terrorist-organization" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">resolution</a>&nbsp;calling antifascists a domestic terrorist organization.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But Portland has seen multiple violent confrontations in recent years between extreme right-wing groups, including outright hate groups, and anti-fascists.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Rhodes’ note to Oath Keepers membership came on the same day the leader of the ultranationalist group </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Patriot Prayer, Joey Gibson,</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> was&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2019/08/15/patriot-prayer-leader-joey-gibson-will-face-criminal-charges-in-may-day-riot-his-lawyer-says/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">reportedly</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;charged with felony rioting over a brawl at a </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Portland cidery </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">on May Day. (Gibson’s attorney&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.opb.org/news/article/joey-gibson-criminal-charges-cider-riot/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">denied wrongdoing</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.) The group’s leader is one of several people&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2019/08/fourth-suspect-arrested-in-connection-with-may-day-clash-following-three-others-within-a-week.html" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">charged recently</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;in relation to the incident.</span></font></p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div><p style="text-align: left; margin: 1em 0px;" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Trump had a rally in El Paso, Texas, on February 11, and there was a curious figure in the front row:&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://click.e.mediamatters.org/?qs=1d01b59d9ef0a9f303c8da6619bc31272849d4820422538aa8dc514e908538ba38b59c5f1e0b05f1ed3740845a5812d725b79030eb6d2a0e" title="The founder of this extremist armed militia had a front-row seat to Trump’s rally" style="">Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes</a>. Rhodes founded Oath Keepers, a far right militia, in reaction to the election of Barack Obama&nbsp;&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://click.e.mediamatters.org/?qs=1d01b59d9ef0a9f3a7e44cd9907772a7eeed6a1cb1f7ced5270b0f207a3882069c83c8c154571f855bb925e9dce25055993a01c6d69eeeb6" title="baseless claim" style="">claiming</a>&nbsp;that the federal government was working to destroy liberties protected by the Constitution.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 1em 0px;" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Here are some of the conspiracy theories that Rhodes and the Oath Keepers have pushed in recent years:</font></p><ul style="" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claiming Rep. Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) is using identity politics focused on “anyone not white” to “weaponize them against their own nation.”</font></li><li style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claiming during the Obama administration that the federal government was running "mass, forced internment into concentration camps."</font></li><li style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The group was also on the forefront of pushing the Jade Helm conspiracy theory that a military drill in Texas in 2014 was allegedly part of a nefarious government plot."</font></li><li style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Calling transgender rights “nuts.”</font></li><li style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claiming that there is massive voter fraud by undocumented immigrants; Rhodes has also tasked the Oath Keepers to take action to combat it.</font></li><li style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claiming that the Obama administration was using Ferguson riots and the Ebola virus to "spark a race war."</font></li></ul><p style="text-align: left; margin: 1em 0px;" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2015, Rhodes reportedly said that Sen. John McCain "should be hung by the neck until dead."</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 1em 0px;" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes has also been a frequent guest on Alex Jones' Infowars show in recent months. In one appearance, Rhodes&nbsp;announced a he was launching a new training program for what he hoped eventually be an armed militia to do Trump's bidding. In another appearance, Rhodes echoed the white nationalist supremacist talking point that the migrant caravan was part of a nefarious "globalist" plot. Following Rhodes' appearance, the Oath Keepers issued a call for members to go to the southern border themselves.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 1em 0px;" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It is still unknown how Rhodes ended up in the front row next to Trump. But in the days since, he has written for Infowars about how Trump's national emergency declaration should be even more hardline.</font></p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/jan/20/wsu-college-republicans-leader-says-he-was-attacke/">http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/jan/20/wsu-college-republicans-leader-says-he-was-attacke/</a></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">allsup</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/07/20/oath-keepers-didnt-show-their-own-protest-maxine-waters">https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">2018/07/</span>20/oath-keepers-didnt-show-their-own-protest-maxine-waters</a></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><div class="field field-name-field-long-text field-type-text-long field-label-hidden" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.2; float: left; margin-right: 24.6094px; width: 865.891px; margin-left: 89.0469px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-item even " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Oath Keepers had planned to protest the California office&nbsp;of Rep. Maxine Waters. But then they had second thoughts when counter-protesters showed up.&nbsp;</b></font></p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="box-sizing: inherit; float: left; margin-right: 0px; width: 865.891px; margin-left: 89.0469px;"><div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-item even " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Plans for the Oath Keepers to stage an “indefinite” protest at California Rep. Maxine Waters’ congressional office&nbsp;in Los Angeles were scrapped at the last minute on Thursday to avoid confrontation with counter-protesters who had gathered by the dozens.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The protest,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/07/17/oath-keepers-are-planning-ongoing-protest-maxine-waters-congressional-offices" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">announced earlier this week</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, was</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> both “against<b> Maxine Waters’ incitement of terrorism, </b>and a stand&nbsp;<u style="box-sizing: inherit;">FOR</u>&nbsp;ICE [Immigration and Customs Enforcement] and the Border Patrol, as they enforce the perfectly constitutional immigration and naturalization laws of this nation,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">” a call-to-action posted on the group’s website read.&nbsp;</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But as the time for the protest arrived, there wasn’t an Oath Keeper in sight.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“[A]uthorities had been in contact with the group, and it had decided not to come in order to ensure peace,” the&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Los Angeles Times&nbsp;</em><a href="http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-maxine-waters-protest-20180719-story.html" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; background: transparent;">reported</a>.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Instead, counter-protesters had gathered by the dozens and remained long after the Oath Keepers&nbsp;bailed on their promise to appear. At one point, they doused a small flag they had taken off a pickup and set it on fire, chanting, “America was never great,” the newspaper reported.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">While the Oath Keepers have proven capable of mustering large numbers of supporters, this isn’t the first time national and state leaders have issued a call-to-action only to find an unenthusiastic response from members, many of whom are former military and police personnel obsessed with far-right conspiracy theories.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Last February,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> after Nikolas Cruz killed 17 students and injured more than a dozen more at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, the Oath Keepers called for members to stand armed guard at schools across the nation. According to news media accounts, at least&nbsp;one Oath Keeper stood guard, outside a school in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wane.com/news/local-news/oath-keeper-stands-guard-outside-north-side-high-school/1035662641" target="_blank" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Indiana</a>.</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> January 2017, the group called for Oath Keepers to provide security at President Trump’s inauguration. But only a dozen or so people came. Those that showed up&nbsp;had&nbsp;plans to comb the crowd, looking for suspicious behavior from political opponents on the left, and anyone who appeared to be a member of ISIS.&nbsp;</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Such a lackluster public presence isn’t always the case, though.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oath Keepers came out in force last summer to provide security for&nbsp;<a href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/act-america" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">ACT for America</a>, an anti-Muslim hate group that claims to have more than 500,000 members, when the group&nbsp;hosted&nbsp;<a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/06/10/live-blog-act-americas-march-against-sharia-rallies" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">rallies protesting Islamic law</a>&nbsp;in more than 20 cities, including New York, Dallas and Atlanta. The Oath Keepers were also critically involved in public lands disputes across the West, beginning in 2014 when militia members came by the hundreds to support Nevada cattle rancher in what escalated into an&nbsp;<a href="https://www.splcenter.org/20140709/war-west-bundy-ranch-standoff-and-american-radical-right" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">armed standoff</a>&nbsp;in April 2014.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Before the protest was scheduled to begin</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, Waters, who has come under intense political attack for encouraging her supporters to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/25/politics/maxine-waters-trump-officials/index.html" target="_blank" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">confront members of the Trump administration in public</a>, urged people to stay away to avoid being “baited into confronting the Oath Keepers.”&nbsp;</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The Oath Keepers have a history of engaging in violent and provocative behavior,” Waters said in&nbsp;<a href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DibU3GaXkAA-j9k.jpg" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; background: transparent;">a statement</a>. “They Oath Keepers would like nothing more than to inflame racial tensions and create an explosive conflict in our community.”&nbsp;</font></p></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br 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Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: " knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><div class="views-field views-field-title" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2012/11/14/radical-right-joins-secession-frenzy" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Radical Right Joins in Secession Frenzy</font></a></span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="views-field views-field-field-story-type" knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" letter-spacing="letter-spacing" em="em" line-height="line-height" padding="padding" text-transform="text-transform" uppercase="uppercase" margin-right="margin-right" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; background: rgb(240, 178, 28);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">HATEWATCH</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div>&nbsp;<div class="views-field views-field-created" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">November 14, 2012</span></div></div></div><div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: " knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><div class="views-field views-field-title" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2014/08/05/nevada-rancher-says-confrontation-feds-spiritual-experience" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nevada Rancher Says Confrontation With Feds Is 'Spiritual Experience'</font></a></span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="views-field views-field-field-story-type" knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" 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Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">HATEWATCH</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div>&nbsp;<div class="views-field views-field-created" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">August 05, 2014</span></div></div></div><div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: " knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><div class="views-field views-field-title" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/03/07/bringing-out-big-guns-phoenix-march-4-trump" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bringing Out The Big Guns at the Phoenix March 4 Trump</font></a></span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="views-field views-field-field-story-type" knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" letter-spacing="letter-spacing" em="em" line-height="line-height" padding="padding" text-transform="text-transform" uppercase="uppercase" margin-right="margin-right" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; background: rgb(240, 178, 28);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">HATEWATCH</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div>&nbsp;<div class="views-field views-field-created" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">March 07, 2017</span></div></div></div><div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: " knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><div class="views-field views-field-title" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/05/16/leader-josephine-county-oath-keepers-breaks-stewart-rhodes-over-leadership-style" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leader of Josephine County Oath Keepers Breaks with Stewart Rhodes Over Leadership Style</font></a></span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="views-field views-field-field-story-type" knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" letter-spacing="letter-spacing" em="em" line-height="line-height" padding="padding" text-transform="text-transform" uppercase="uppercase" margin-right="margin-right" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; background: rgb(240, 178, 28);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">HATEWATCH</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div>&nbsp;<div class="views-field views-field-created" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">May 16, 2017</span></div></div></div><div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: " knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><div class="views-field views-field-title" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2014/05/07/indiana-sheriff-antigovernment-views-creates-stir-traveling-bundy-ranch" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Indiana Sheriff with Antigovernment Views Creates Stir by Traveling to Bundy Ranch</font></a></span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="views-field views-field-field-story-type" knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" letter-spacing="letter-spacing" em="em" line-height="line-height" padding="padding" text-transform="text-transform" uppercase="uppercase" margin-right="margin-right" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; background: rgb(240, 178, 28);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">HATEWATCH</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div>&nbsp;<div class="views-field views-field-created" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">May 07, 2014</span></div></div></div><div class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: " knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><div class="views-field views-field-title" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/06/15/alt-right-declares-flame-war-oath-keepers" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Alt-Right" Declares Flame War On Oath Keepers</font></a></span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="views-field views-field-field-story-type" knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" letter-spacing="letter-spacing" em="em" line-height="line-height" padding="padding" text-transform="text-transform" uppercase="uppercase" margin-right="margin-right" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; background: rgb(240, 178, 28);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">HATEWATCH</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div>&nbsp;<div class="views-field views-field-created" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">June 15, 2017</span></div></div></div><div class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd views-row-last" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: " knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><div class="views-field views-field-title" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/01/04/bundy-sons-lead-antigovernment-extremists-militia-takeover-federal-wildlife-headquarters" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bundy Sons Lead Antigovernment Extremists, Militia in Takeover of Federal Wildlife Headquarters in Oregon</font></a></span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="views-field views-field-field-story-type" knockout="Knockout" a="A" b="B" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" letter-spacing="letter-spacing" em="em" line-height="line-height" padding="padding" text-transform="text-transform" uppercase="uppercase" margin-right="margin-right" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; background: rgb(240, 178, 28);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">HATEWATCH</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div>&nbsp;<div class="views-field views-field-created" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: inherit;">January 04, 2016</span></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/activism/dc-police-and-federal-prosecutors-partner-hard-right-convict-trump-protesters">https://www.alternet.org/activism/dc-police-and-federal-prosecutors-partner-hard-right-convict-trump-protesters</a></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; line-height: 32px !important;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">, D.C., police and federal prosecutors have been collaborating with notorious right-wing groups known for fascist statements and using doctored videos to ambush their targets in an attempt to convict and jail protesters from President Trump’s inauguration.</b></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><div style="text-align: left;">The question is not whether the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD) and the U.S. Attorney's office in Washington, D.C., are working with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/oath-keepers" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Oath Keepers</a>, a group of cops and veterans with rabid anti-government views, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/30/james-okeefe-accidentally-stings-himself" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Project Veritas</a>, a far-right group known for&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/a-woman-approached-the-post-with-dramatic--and-false--tale-about-roy-moore-sje-appears-to-be-part-of-undercover-sting-operation/2017/11/27/0c2e335a-cfb6-11e7-9d3a-bcbe2af58c3a_story.html?utm_term=.e167f802febb" style="text-decoration-line: none;">fabricating accounts</a>&nbsp;to ambush the media and the political left.</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;">The question is, how deep is the relationship between the police, federal prosecutors and these extremists? And in MPD’s case, are Washington police breaking the law, as its city council has passed laws barring them from spying on protesters or protest groups?</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;">“It’s extraordinarily dangerous for prosecutors and police to be accepting information and evidence from politically motivated organizations that are intending to work against their political opponents,” said Mara Verheyden-Hilliard, executive director and constitutional rights attorney with the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.justiceonline.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Partnership for Civil Justice Fund</a>. “That’s not how they’re supposed to operate.”</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;">“So when the U.S. Attorney’s Office takes video from the widely discredited Project Veritas, in fact, edited video, and submits it into evidence in an effort to prosecute protesters and put them away for decades in prison, it is critically important that the public has an opportunity to see what’s going on behind those scenes, and to know what the relationships are that the Metropolitan Police Department, the D.C. police department, or any police department, has with right-wing organizations,” she said. “They simply can’t be working in collaboration.”</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;">The capital’s cops and right-wingers are apparently working together, according to a&nbsp;<a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4378212/PCJFvDCFOIAComplaintMPDWatermarked021318.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">lawsuit</a>&nbsp;filed Tuesday by PCJF against D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser and&nbsp;<b>Karl A. Racine in the U.S. Attorney’s office.&nbsp;</b>They want to force the police and prosecutors to turn over all documentation of the relationship between their agencies and right-wing groups that was “used to prosecute persons whose political views are in apparent opposition to the political goals of the providing entities,” as the&nbsp;<a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4378212/PCJFvDCFOIAComplaintMPDWatermarked021318.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">lawsuit</a>&nbsp;said.</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;">“What we are trying to get at is the nature and extent of the relationship, of the D.C. police department working with Project Veritas, Oath Keepers and other entities,” Verheyden-Hilliard said. “We know for a fact that the police department worked with Project Veritas, obtaining edited video that group created when it infiltrated organizations that were planning protests for [President] Trump’s inauguration. And in fact, the U.S. Attorney’s office in Washington, D.C., introduced that video in their failed prosecution of six people caught in that dragnet arrest on January 20. There are still dozens of cases pending. But in the initial round, they tried to prosecute six people for having been in proximity to a demonstration, where other people are alleged to have engaged in acts of property damage at other locations and times separate from the location and time of the arrest.”</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><div style="text-align: left;">Astoundingly, federal prosecutors introduced the doctored video evidence made by Project Veritas the same week the Washington Post&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/a-woman-approached-the-post-with-dramatic--and-false--tale-about-roy-moore-sje-appears-to-be-part-of-undercover-sting-operation/2017/11/27/0c2e335a-cfb6-11e7-9d3a-bcbe2af58c3a_story.html?utm_term=.31b20cc193fe" style="text-decoration-line: none;">reported</a>&nbsp;that the group had tried to bait the paper with a fabricated account by a fellow right-winger who accused Alabama Republican Roy Moore—then a U.S. Senate candidate—of sexual harassment. (Moore has been accused by a series of women, first reported by the Post.)&nbsp;</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;">“So they did introduce this video into evidence” to try to convict six protesters from Trump’s inauguration, Verheyden-Hilliard said. “It was created by Project Veritas. The police also were given video that they used, and the U.S. Attorney’s office used, from the right-wing militia Oath Keepers. When they introduced that video in court, it was the exact same week that Project Veritas was exposed for trying to plant a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/a-woman-approached-the-post-with-dramatic--and-false--tale-about-roy-moore-sje-appears-to-be-part-of-undercover-sting-operation/2017/11/27/0c2e335a-cfb6-11e7-9d3a-bcbe2af58c3a_story.html?utm_term=.e167f802febb" style="text-decoration-line: none;">fake story</a>&nbsp;in the Washington Post. So we immediately filed a FOIA [Freedom of Information Act] demand, seeking records showing the nature of the police department and its officers and Project Veritas, Oath Keepers and any other private entity that is providing intelligence information to the MPD. And they refused to respond to that request. We have even had followup inquiry and they are absolutely silent. They will not respond, so we sued them for the documents.”</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><div style="text-align: left;">There is a long history of police working with right-wing groups to subvert the organizing and speech rights of social justice groups. On Friday,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/09/california-police-white-supremacists-counter-protest" style="text-decoration-line: none;">the Guardian reported</a>&nbsp;police in California were working with white supremacists before June 2016 anti-fascist protests in Sacramento, the state capital, to target protesters for arrest. That wasn't the only example cited, either. “At an Oregon ‘alt-right’ event, police allowed a member of a right-wing militia-style group to help officers arrest an anti-fascist activist,” it&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/09/california-police-white-supremacists-counter-protest" style="text-decoration-line: none;">reported</a>. “Police in Charlottesville were widely accused of standing by as Nazis attacked protesters, and a black man who was badly beaten by white supremacists was later charged with a felony."</div></span><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A generation ago, the San Francisco Police Department was caught working with the Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith, a Jewish civil rights group, to “spy, harass and intimidate” pro-Palestine activists, as the New York Times&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/24/us/anti-defamation-league-accused-of-spying.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">reported</a>&nbsp;in 1993.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;But one big difference between the California state police and the Metropolitan Police Department in Washington is that the District of Columbia’s city council has explicitly passed laws barring the city’s police from spying on and framing protesters.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">That law came after the Partnership for Civil Justice Fund sued the city after anti-globalization protests more than a dozen years ago.</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="text-align: left;">“We have information showing during the anti-globalization movement that police agencies in both Washington, D.C.,&nbsp;and Philadelphia were readily obtaining and using politically created false information by right-wing organizations. It’s very dangerous,” Verheyden-Hilliard said. “But in Washington, D.C., we put these restrictions in place under the law. So there’s a key component here, which is, the police are actually barred by law—there are restrictions on their surveillance of political protest groups. And we are very concerned that they are actually trying to outsource that by working with these right-wing organizations to do what the police are barred by law from doing. But, in our view, that would still be illegal. We don’t think that they can actually work as a proxy.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">It’s chilling to recall what the capital’s police did a dozen years ago, and to ponder who they’re partnering with today to apparently evade restrictions on that behavior.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">“We found that the D.C. police were sending agent provocateurs into peaceful organizing meetings, encouraging people to undertake acts of violence, which were rejected,” Verheyden-Hilliard said. “We found that they were sending cops on long-term assignment pretending to be social justice activists. They were going into people’s homes. They were participating in their meetings in an active capacity. And when we were finally able to bring this to light, after some years of litigation, there were laws put into place to make it clear that the police could not conduct themselves in those ways.”&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">But some police departments are conducting themselves in that manner—and not just in Washington.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">“It is shocking and really angering to see the level of collusion and the amount to which the police covered up for the [neo-]Nazis,” Yvette Felarca, “a Berkeley teacher and anti-fascist organizer charged with assault and rioting after participating in the June 2016 Sacramento rally, where she said she was stabbed and bludgeoned in the head,”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/09/california-police-white-supremacists-counter-protest" style="text-decoration-line: none;">told the Guardian</a>. “The people who were victimized by the [neo-]Nazis were then victimized by the police and the district attorneys.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">While this police tactic is not new, Verheyden-Hilliard said Trump has given extremists in police ranks his blessing to go after the political left.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">“With Trump taking over the presidency, and his comments before and after, he made it clear that he’s giving a green light to the police to act against social justice demonstrators,” she said. “He has heralded police brutality as an acceptable form of policing. And I think he has certainly sent a message to police forces and to anyone inside those police forces who has an affinity for any of these right-wing organizations that it's completely acceptable to act on their views in the context of policing. We can see with Charlottesville real questionable police conduct; their failure to act against white supremacists and neo-Nazi demonstrators, while simultaneously acting against social justice demonstrators</div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a data-link="" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/20/inauguration-protesters-police-washington-dc" name="in body link" id="in body link" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Hundreds were arrested</a>&nbsp;during inauguration day demonstrations – including&nbsp;<a data-link="" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jan/24/journalists-charged-felonies-trump-inauguration-unrest" name="in body link" id="in body link" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">journalists</a>, legal observers and medics – drawing criticisms that law enforcement was issuing overly broad charges against people caught up in the chaos, without specific evidence tying them to alleged crimes<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. Though some&nbsp;<a data-link="" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/27/journalist-inauguration-arrest-charges-dropped-evan-engel" name="in body link" id="in body link" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">charges were later dropped</a>, many are still on trial for conspiracy, rioting and property destruction allegations, and some could face 60-year prison sentences.</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The video comes from&nbsp;<a data-link="" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/meetings-of-activists-planning-to-disrupt-inauguration-were-infiltrated-by-conservative-media-group/2017/01/24/b22128fe-e19a-11e6-ba11-63c4b4fb5a63_story.html?utm_term=.eda1408e1c4d" name="in body link" id="in body link" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Project Veritas’ infiltration</a>&nbsp;of a meeting where activists discussed plans to disrupt inauguration activities.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">The use of Project Veritas footage is the latest example of prosecutors relying on evidence linked to controversial far-right sources. The US attorney’s office has also&nbsp;<a data-link="" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/feds-use-right-wing-militias-video-to-prosecute-trump-protesters" name="in body link" id="in body link" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">submitted video</a>&nbsp;from the <b>Oath Keepers,</b> a&nbsp;<a data-link="" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/03/oath-keepers-militia-portland-free-speech-rally" name="in body link" id="in body link" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">rightwing militia group</a>&nbsp;that has been present at “alt-right” rallies.</font></p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-berkeley-trump-rally-20170415-story.html</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Stewart Rhodes, founder of the citizen militia group known as the Oath Keepers,</b> said he came from Montana with about 50 others to protect Trump supporters. They were joined by bikers and others who vowed to fight members of an anti-fascist group if they crossed police barricades.</font></div><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I don’t mind hitting” the counter-demonstrators, Rhodes said. “In fact, I would kind of enjoy it.”</font></p><aside class="trb_ar_sponsoredmod" data-adloader-networktype="yieldmo" data-v-ymid="ym_1606464552242100545" data-role="delayload_item" data-withinviewport-options="bottomOffset=100" data-load-method="trb.vendor.yieldmo.init" data-load-type="method" style="margin: 5px 0px 25px; clear: both; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="ym_1606464552242100545" data-id="ym_1" class="ym ym_scroll" /></aside><p style="text-align: left; clear: both; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But Rhodes credited Berkeley police for new tactics that mostly kept the two sides apart and “our side chilled and relaxed,” though sporadic fights broke out among both groups throughout the morning and afternoon.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It’s getting sporty,” said Oath Keeper John Karriman, 59, who is from Missouri and was among the group’s security leaders.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AJ Alegria, 31, of Sacramento said he also came to Berkeley to help defend Trump supporters. He said he pursued a counter-demonstrator down a side street and found himself surrounded by a dozen protesters in black masks who he said attacked him with sticks and<b> pepper spray.</b></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“These people create violence all the time... somebody has to stand up to them,” said Alegria, who was injured in the fight. He was treated by Trump supporters who bandaged his head, washed off the pepper spray and gave him encouragement, saying, “You’ve earned your stripes, bro.”</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alegria wasn’t the only one injured.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Stand up, America! Stand up!” shouted a Trump supporter in the middle of Center Street with a bandage on his head and streaks of blood on a sign that read “Stop Liberal Intolerance.”</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brenna Lundy, 28, said she drove from San Francisco to attend what she thought was an organizing event against the alt-right. As the violence unfolded, she stayed and attempted to talk to some of the people shouting insults at her.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“So I genuinely wanted to talk. I am trying to talk to you,” Lundy said to a woman screaming at her that “Obama hates blacks.”</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another woman from the pro-Trump side came up to Lundy and, putting a hand to her ear, said, “Ask her why she hates white people.”</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lundy looked confused. She gave up and turned away.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“This is more of a riot,” she said....</font></p><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://oathkeepers.org/2017/01/navyjack-oath-keepers-inauguration/">https://oathkeepers.org/2017/01/navyjack-oath-keepers-inauguration/</a></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">many pix lnx</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New 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style="text-align: left;">GROUPS</div><div style="text-align: left;">SETTINGS</div><div style="text-align: left;">LOG OUT</div><div style="text-align: left;">SUBSCRIBE FOR UPDATES</div><div style="text-align: left;">EMAIL ADDRESS&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">FIRST NAME&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">LAST NAME&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">News</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack – Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;January 21, 2017Navy Jack All, Current Events, Featured, Oath Keepers</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>First, I want to thank all of the Oath Keepers and Patriots that responded to our Call to Action and came to Washington DC to participate in Operation DefendJ20.</b> We were not there to impede peaceful protesters. We were there to assist and protect innocent citizens trying to attend the inauguration events from dangerous anarchists, ANTIFA and black-bloc rioters. I am sorry that I did not get to meet everyone. This was the best SHTF orientation training program you could ever hope for, because S did HTF yesterday afternoon.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">I know there has been some criticism of the operation from members who do not see a role for Oath Keepers during events like this. To the naysayers, had we not been there, many more innocent citizens would have been harassed or injured.</span> You see, there were hundreds of thousands of people in town to participate in various inauguration activities. To make it easy, the city posted signs last Wednesday all over the city to help those from out-of-town navigate to these events. The problem with this is that before the sun came up, the protesters were already in motion.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">If you believe in the mission of Oath Keepers, to defend the Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic, please consider making a donation to support our work.&nbsp; &nbsp;You can Donate HERE.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The protesters successfully blocked 10 of the 12 security zone entry points before 9AM. They were able to hold 6 of these on the North side of the Washington Mall all day. For a visitor trying to follow the signs to an event, this became a nightmare. They could not proceed as directed and the DC Police were stretched far beyond their ability to even consider providing these people any assistance. This became one of our first objectives of the day. We did a full recon of the situation, found which security portals were likely permanently blocked and then communicated with the officers on the ground what they should tell visitors regarding getting to their assigned area for each blocked portal. Not a big deal, but it needed to be done.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“For the record,<b> Oath Keepers from Operation HYPO attended and videotaped the meetings of the organizations responsible for disrupting the inauguration events and instigating this violence.&nbsp; We provided that information and the raw video to the DC Metropolitan Police on January 11th, 2017. Project Veritas and Oath Keepers cooperated on these activities.</b>” – NavyJack</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Oath Keepers informed the organizers of the Inauguration DeploraBall and the DC Metropolitan Police of the planned DisruptJ20/ANTIFA chemical gas/smoke bomb attack INSIDE of the National Press Club ballroom on January 9th. We also provided photographs of the individuals most likely to carry out the attack so that they could be stopped from entering by the <b>National Press Club security team.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Injuries inflicted on Jame Allsup by unprovoked ANTIFA attack at the corner of 14th and F Street.</div><div style="text-align: left;">https://twitter.com/KGBVeteran/status/822317913428197376?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">During the entire day, agitators from the ANTIFA and Black-bloc harassed visitors to the city. Usually a simple “knock-it-off”, or “that’s going too far” statement in a stern voice from an Oath Keeper would suffice in curbing their actions. In a few instances, the agitators briefly challenged the request and then moved on.&nbsp; I know of only one instance where an Oath Keeper was forced to defend himself. It was brief and nobody was injured.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">This is an example of their tactics:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">https://twitter.com/NellaLou/status/822590490000453633</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I was present when this attack occurred. I had just taken this picture when the attack started:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Richard Spencer of the National Policy Institute (NPI) conducting a televised interview.</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">It happened so fast, there really was no opportunity to intervene. The ANTIFA attackers ran away without further incident. For the record, I am a vocal critic of Mr. Spencer and NPI.&nbsp; His provocative actions were certain to generate this attack. He intentionally put himself in this dangerous situation right in the middle of the ANTIFA stronghold.&nbsp; While I may completely disagree with the positions of Mr. Spencer and the NPI, I would have intervened to protect him from the assault had I been in a position to do so. I did not leave until I was confident that he was not seriously injured.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> If asked, I would also suggest that in the future, Mr. Spencer bring security personnel with him if he is going to discuss the advantages of White Nationalism and racial segregation in the middle of a riot at the camp of the Anti-Fascist Coalition.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">ANTIFA and Black-Bloc Anarchists Assemble at Logan Circle</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">At about 11AM, a large group of ANTIFA and Black-bloc anarchists assembled at Logan Circle. I felt that something bad was about to happen and alerted police. Based on their actions and discussions, I believed that they intended to occupy Freedom Plaza, directly on the parade route. I stayed with this group until the group reached 12th and L Street.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;">Newspaper vending stations removed and later thrown thru windows on I Street.</div><div style="text-align: left;">https://twitter.com/rxvodc/status/822519357347659777</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Protesters attempt to escape mass police roundup</b> at 12th Street and L Street</div><div style="text-align: left;">.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Police were ready and had quickly established a line of riot control police. The advance of this group to the parade route was halted. I unfortunately was not able to escape fast enough and got caught up in the melee. My primary cell phone got dislodged from its’ case and the SIM card failed. I had a backup phone and sent a message out on our Signal channel detailing the activity, but that phone ended up being lost when I was struggling to escape.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Over 100 protesters were arrested.&nbsp; I am sure that my inability to let everyone know I was alright caused some concern. I quickly got underground and jumped on a Green Line Metro train heading east to get out of the area. That was a mistake. The train was stopped by protesters that had gotten onto the tracks. Police immediately responded, but I was stuck without communications underground for over an hour. I missed the swearing in ceremony and speech. I resurfaced at Gallery Place near the US Navy Memorial, was able to repair the SIM card in my primary phone and get a message out on Signal.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;">DisruptJ20 permitted parade at I Street and 13th Street</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The DisruptJ20 organization held a very large permitted parade that started at Union Station and ended at McPherson Square Park starting about Noon. The parade provided cover for ANTIFA and Black bloc to take and hold numerous key intersections along I Street and K Street from 10th Street to 14th Street. I believe their intent was to stop visitors from reaching the parade viewing area. The police attempted numerous times to push thru and clear their blockades.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Without any verbal warning that I could hear, the police launched a full-on assault using smoke grenades, flash-bangs and concussion grenades. Again, I found myself in the middle of a very bad situation.&nbsp; A concussion grenade exploded near me and I was thrown to the ground. It was at this point that I summoned the Calvary. Stewart Rhodes and his Washington Mall security detail came to the sound of gunfire (it wasn’t really gunfire, it was just concussion grenades, but they are are REALLY loud and there were at least a 40 used).</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;">Black-bloc protesters destroy limo parked on K Street near 13th Street</div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Bricks thrown by protesters rest at the feet of police officers during Inauguration.</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;">Over the next hour, the blockades turned into a full-fledged riot. I am sure whatever you heard on the news did not even scratch the surface on how much damage was done. It was violent. All of the newspaper and vending machines along I Street and K Street were broken free and thrown thru windows. Protesters took bricks from walls and the street planters and started throwing them at police<b>. Six officers were injurred seriously enough to be taken from the scene</b>. There were dozens of scrapes, bruises and cuts on all sides, including people caught in the middle. Thousands of innocent citizens were in the area and had to be directed or escorted to safety. Oath Keepers rose to this challenge. We escorted and directed dozens if not hundreds of people away from the conflict area. The police absolutely appreciated our assistance as did the National Guard. We did the right thing by going.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I am sure that every one of our Oath Keepers has a story of their own to tell and I encourage them to tell their story in the comments section below. For security purposes, do not include the names of any individuals assigned to a covert operations team. Also, refrain from providing details regarding the number of personnel assigned to your groups area.&nbsp; We may have to do this again someday and we do not want to tip our hat on our deployment strategies.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">We will provide an after-action-report via Web-Conference in the coming days and post the details on the Members-Only forum. We have some great pictures and personal stories to share with you.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">In conclusion, I would like to say a special thanks to Stewart Rhodes. He dropped everything to head out here early to assist me with the escort of citizens attending the Inauguration DeploraBall. His dedication enabled me to ensure the safety of those I was responsible for protecting. Thank you.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Update 01/21/2017</div><div style="text-align: left;">Disruptj20 leader charged with conspiracy to commit assault in failed DeploraBall attack.</div><div style="text-align: left;">CBS News compiled a photo album of some of the events here</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Infowars provides an accurate summary of the violence against Trump supporters yesterday here</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;">CBS News&nbsp; – Most protesters arrested on Inauguration Day will face felony rioting charges here</div><div style="text-align: left;">I have added an update section to my previous article titled “The Presidential Inauguration (or not) of Donald J. Trump” to provide a comparison of forecast activities to the actual events.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">STATEMENT BY STEWART RHODES, FOUNDER OF OATH KEEPERS:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Hat’s off to the Oath Keepers members who stepped up in DC.&nbsp; I met some awesome patriots, both military and police veterans, and it made me proud and thankful to know we have such men in this organization.&nbsp; &nbsp;And a special hat’s off to Navy Jack and his team of “infiltrators” who did an amazing job infiltrating the various leftist organizations plotting illegal activity on the 18th, 19th, and 20th in DC (and elsewhere in the nation too).&nbsp; &nbsp;As always, our intent was to do what we felt was our duty under our oaths to keep people as safe as we could in the face of clear official failure to prevent a dangerous situation.&nbsp; &nbsp;Yes, it was a short notice call to action, but so was our first Ferguson, Missouri operation (we had men on the rooftops in two days), and for the same reason – it became clear, just days in advance, that the official “authorities” were not going to take the needed steps to keep bad things from happening to good people.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In Ferguson, it had become clear that the Governor was not going to use the National Guard in an effective manner to actually protect the local residents and shop-owners, with the National Guard instead deployed to protect only government buildings and/or the wealthier residential areas, leaving all others to fend for themselves.&nbsp;</span> We had advocated for the use of the National Guard in a dispersed fashion, posted on the rooftops and inside the shops, where they could actually defend the buildings against the deadly threat of arson.&nbsp; <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;And we also recommended that the cops use dispersed teams of undercover officers to go out in the crowds of protesters and hunt for the relatively few bad guys committing illegal acts.&nbsp; &nbsp;But that was not done.&nbsp; So, we did it ourselves, <b>posting volunteer military and police veterans on the rooftops and inside the shops</b> (protecting apartments too) on an entire city block, to show by example the right way to g</span><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">o.&nbsp; </span>And some of the local took our advice and also posted themselves outside shops, with rifles and shotguns in hand.&nbsp; &nbsp;Way to go!</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">In DC, as Navy Jack said, we had infiltrated DisruptJ20, the Anti-Fascist Coalition (aka Anti-Fa), and Refuse Fascism, and beginning on November 9, we had provided the DC Metro Police with steady flow of ample evidence of conspiracy to commit numerous illegal acts.&nbsp; &nbsp;All that happened on January 20, with the blockades of access points, violating the free speech and assembly rights of thousands of Americans, the property damage, and some assaults, could have been prevented or severely curtailed by arresting the leadership we had already caught on tape and video plotting illegal acts.&nbsp; &nbsp;As the Inauguration events got closer, and even after the weapons caches were discovered near the American University, and even after the public was made aware by the excellent work of <b>Project Veritas</b>, there was still no move by the DC Police leadership to put a stop to the now abundantly documented and clear plans of DisruptJ20, Anti-Fa, and their allies, to commit illegal acts that would endanger the public.&nbsp; &nbsp;And that is when we felt compelled to act.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">And our chosen strategy was much the same as what we had recommended in Ferguson – dispersed teams.&nbsp; &nbsp;When the bad guys are using small, dispersed teams who blend in with a larger crowd as cover, to jump out and sucker punch people and then blend back in with the crowd, the proper response is for the good guys to also use small, dispersed and low-profile teams to blend in with the crowd and hunt for the bad guys.&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;I’m not much of a fan of the whole “sheepdog” meme, because American was never meant to be a nation of sheep, but in this case, it fits.&nbsp; The “sheepdogs” need to blend in with the sheep, and they need to be dispersed in the “herd” so they can catch the wolf.&nbsp; &nbsp;Having all your “sheepdogs” standing up in one big, overt group is a nice show of force, and it has its time and place (such as a great mass of bikers roaring into town, as Bikers for Trump is famous for doing – to great effect), but it really doesn’t get the job done of making the little roving packs of “wolves” worry about where the Sheepdogs are, since they know where they are&nbsp; – they’re all over there in one big group.&nbsp; &nbsp;It is sometimes better to be dispersed (frankly, a blend of the two methods is best, if you can do it).</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Yes, it is more dangerous for your dispersed teams, but it is also more dangerous for the bad guys, and more effective at protecting people in the great mass coming and going.&nbsp; &nbsp;And having those dispersed, concealed teams out there, and publicly announcing that they are out there, will make the bad guys worry and watch over their shoulder.&nbsp; They don’t know where you are, or how many of you there are.&nbsp; &nbsp;That is the same strategy we used with our <b>Operation Sabot, where we put incognito dispersed teams out to watch for election fraud on election day.</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The team I was with made the tactical decision to “de-cloak” by putting on our Oath Keepers hats when we got close to McPherson Square park, when we were moving toward the ongoing riot by the Black Block and Anti-Fa elements after the swearing in ceremony.&nbsp; We wanted them to know we were there, and were watching.&nbsp; &nbsp;And we left our hats on as we moved toward the Washington Post office entrance on K street, where they were already standing on, and smashing the windows of a limo and lighting fires in the middle of the street.&nbsp; We did not step in to stop property crime, because that was not why we were there.&nbsp; &nbsp;We were there to protect people.</div><div style="text-align: left;">At that point, given the increasing antics of the window breaking and rock throwing punks, we decided a visual presence was warranted to help prevent assaults on the many innocent and oblivious Trump supporters, sight-seers, and tourists, including school kids on their school trip to D.C., who were just beebopping through the middle of a riot with black block clowns just a few feet away burning stuff and throwing chunks of brick at cops and through windows.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">And no doubt our presence there helped to keep the commie clowns confined to just property crimes.&nbsp; While there were some assaults and fights elsewhere, there were none in our presence.&nbsp; &nbsp;I call that a win.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Nor did the Black Block or Anti-Fa try to attack us, even after we put our OK hats on and effectively announced our presence.&nbsp; They clearly knew we were there, as the black clothed, masked wearing Black Block kids walked or ran right past us on multiple occasions, and two who were posted near the National Guard lines were visibly shocked as we walked past the National Guard and right into “their” territory and posted ourselves on the sidewalk in the middle of the block, with our back to the Washington Post building.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>I want to give a special shout out to the stand-up, hardcore biker MC members from Indiana</b> who were also there, on that same block, just a few feet from us, also keeping a sharp eye on things (members of Bikers for Trump too, I believe).&nbsp; &nbsp;You know who you are.&nbsp; &nbsp;Next time, beers are on me brothers.&nbsp; They clearly had the same idea, and did the right thing by being there, right in the middle of the Anti-Fa “stronghold.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">We will be doing a “hotwash” review of our mission among Oath Keepers leadership, and then we will hold a public webinar on lessons learned and how to do such operations in your own town or city.&nbsp; We know that the bad guys intend to keep doing this kind of thing, so we want to see patriots across the nation have effective answers to take care of business when they do.&nbsp; &nbsp;We will post up the access info for that webinar as soon as we schedule it.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Stewart Rhodes</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">PS – Here is what our lead Florida POC, a U.S. Army Ranger veteran, had to say:</div><div style="text-align: left;">To All Involved in Operation Hypo -Especially Navy Jack,</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">News like this gives us even more reason to have faith in our Oath Keepers organization.&nbsp; You’ve brought great credit to not only humanity itself, but to America AND to Oath Keepers by voluntarily holding yourself to such high standards, uncompromising levels of professionalism and dedication to duty -again, all of your own volition.&nbsp; It’s reassuring to all Oath Keepers, especially in our efforts to adopt and hold ourselves to high standards; in so continually improving the credibility of Oath Keepers and ourselves&nbsp; -whom help represent “the good People of these (former) Colonies”.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">You’ve solidly set the standard for others to follow.&nbsp; Thank you for your continued sacrifices and contributions in the defense of Liberty, as your actions have exemplified the Oath Keepers motto, “Not on our watch!”&nbsp; You certainly are a credit to not just Oath Keepers, but to the spirit of the American fighting man himself.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">From all of us in Oath Keepers, thank you for inspiring us to fight on.&nbsp; Well done.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">FtR,</div><div style="text-align: left;">Ivan Chiplinsky</div><div style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack - Oath Keepers at the Inauguration</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">0</div><div style="text-align: left;">SHARES</div><div style="text-align: left;">Share</div><div style="text-align: left;">Tweet</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">DID YOU ENJOY THIS POST?</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;0</div><div style="text-align: left;">Navy Jack</div><div style="text-align: left;">During my service I deployed on various platforms, including submarines, amphibious assault units and special boats. I participated in expeditionary and humanitarian missions to the North Atlantic, Iran, Beirut, Libya, and the Caribbean. I am a Patron Life Member of the NRA. I am an Oath Keeper Life Member.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;47 comments</div><div style="text-align: left;">KEITH says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 21, 2017 at 11:49 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Times are a changing. American need to understand the issues of the politics of division. Those who divide us like the news media in particular are there to keep us from confronting those who would like to weaken us an harm us. United we stand or divided we hang separately.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Don Wright says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 10:06 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">I was there with friends, I am a Pa Oath Keeper, and attended the Inauguration with my wife and friends. The one incident I was involved in concerned a group of women (there a day ahead of their Saturday march) stopping and harassing people at one of the major intersections. I did confront them, verbally, explained what being a veteran means and informed them in not so polite terms (no profanity) that their views, their position etc. was more akin to Nazi Germany than expressions that should be aired in a free society. I guess my demeanor, all in camouflage and wearing tactical pants, was a little disconcerting to them as they all packed up their banners etc. and moved to the other side of the street. I was prepared to assist anyone I saw in trouble or in need of help but we did not encounter anything else that was threatening.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">GREEN GIANT says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 11:02 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">For certain. If they cannot attack you from behind and they are aware that you are trained, they will back down. Cowards only attack from ambush or attack the weak and old.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Chip says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 21, 2017 at 12:25 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Yesterday was one of the most amazing days of my life. I spent it with a group of men, young and old (myself in the latter), who define what it means to be a man. We [Information removed by NavyJack for OpSec] NY and NJ Oath Keepers were part of a nationwide team of Oath Keepers mobilized by OK Founder Stewart Rhodes earlier in the week, after threats to disrupt the Inauguration and overthrow Trump grew to the level of “Serious”.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Our mission was to back up and support local military and police efforts in providing event security and civilian protection. Our “Intel” team had done a superb job infiltrating the four protest groups (ANTIFA being the most violent) so we knew exactly who we were dealing with, their tactics…hell, everything but their names and addresses before the event. And then, helped us to track them on the day of the event. We got down there late Thursday evening, hooked up with Stewart early Friday morning and were on the Mall by around 8:15 that morning. The first thing Stewart did was divide [Information removed by NavyJack for OpSec] into “buddy teams”. I am honored to report that Stewart chose me…which is the first and only time I ever recall questioning (to myself) our Leader’s judgment!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">During the course of the day, we connected [Information removed by NavyJack for OpSec] Oath Keepers from Georgia and Pennsylvania. The [Information removed by NavyJack for OpSec] from PA made us an [Information removed by NavyJack for OpSec] team for the remainder of the day. Our #1 objective was to keep people safe. Unfortunately, we weren’t there when a Trump supporter wearing his red Trump hat at the Deplora-Ball the night before was attacked and beaten with a flag pole and hospitalized after leaving the event early…by himself. The only injury I’m aware of sustained on Friday (while we were there), was when the head of our “Intel” team (I’ll refer to here as NJ) got knocked to the ground by a stun grenade and lost his “favorite” OK hat. Unfortunately, as many of you have read, the rioting took a nasty turn early evening yesterday, resulting in police and civilian injuries as well as significant property damage. The only consolation I can offer is, that effective noon yesterday, we all have a new Sheriff in town!&nbsp; ??</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">We wrapped up close to 5pm and were treated to “Shelly Reubens” and cold beer by NJ before leaving DC. I want to personally thank NY Communications Officer Pete Norris for keeping us all “connected” on the ground, Matt McDonnell, Co-Leader of our Chapter (and driver), Bret Hamilton, Jason Wendell all from the Orange County Chapter, and Jim Breheny from the North Jersey Chapter for stepping up to “answer the call.” It was an incredible honor and privilege to spend such a historical day with you all. Thanks to NJ, and especially thanks to our founder and leader Stewart for bringing us all together. God Bless! I actually believe America WILL be great again! I, like you, heard our President officially acknowledge and invite God back to His official role in our most cherished relationship with Him. J</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Note- Pictured in attached photo from left to right; Matt McDonnell, Bret Hamilton, Chip Murray, Georgia OK, Jason Wendell, Jim Breheny, Stewart Rhodes, PA OK, PA OK (If anyone made note of the GA & PA names, please provide)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Respectfully and gratefully submitted,</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Chip</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Attachments area</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">STEWART RHODES says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 4:28 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Chip, hats off to you, Matt, and all of your crew from NY and NJ. Standup patriots all. And it was great to have you as my buddy for the day.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Stewart</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">WGP says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 21, 2017 at 1:47 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Nice job patriots!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Maybe some changes in law enforcement nationwide will take place that are more in line with Giuliani. Protest peacefully – that means no property damage, blocking the public from their right to travel or assault on police and other; otherwise plan on going to jail, plan on a court hearing, plan on fines and convictions.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">If these super liberal left Mayors continue to allow their cities to be burned and pillaged, the business community will move out. No more revenue, no more commerce, no more taxes. Welcome to our downtown, we have nothing to offer but chaos and anarchy.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NORTON II says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 21, 2017 at 2:26 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">It took real guts to infiltrate and document these meetings, great work guys ! It’s especially exciting to see the working relationship between OK and Project Veritas. These creeps will be looking over their shoulder now. We saw the collectivist “Democracy” in action in DC, and I can’t help but compare these thugs with our peaceful and diciplined actions at Bundy Ranch, Sugar Pine and Mlahure. Yet, that one man who can make a difference, and other Americans of True Sight, rot in jail.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">hoss says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 21, 2017 at 3:26 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Just what did these idiots accomplish? They caused a ruckus, and didn’t accomplish a single thing , unless of course you believe that making noise by beating on a can yelling, and some dumb female standing with her hand raised flipping the bird.</div><div style="text-align: left;">I wonder what these idiots are afraid of? Maybe they’re afraid they’ll have to get a job, and go to work instead of the gov. taking care of them their whole live.</div><div style="text-align: left;">These are not men, and women, they’re spoiled little brats that didn’t get their way, so now they’re throwing a tantrum!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">DB OF IDAHO says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 11:41 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Whether they ‘accomplished’ anything ‘positive’ or not, they still pose a serious threat, if anything by their numbers. In Nam we had human wave attacks that were designed to literally push a human wave over our positions…..</div><div style="text-align: left;">As I’m sure most of U.S. know by now, this is all part and parcel of the desperate actions of the NWO to retain their momentum.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Carry on warriors of America ! Good job ! God Bless this nation, it’s leadership from the very top to the deepest trenches, and all those warriors in between .</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">STEWART RHODES says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 4:25 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Amen DB. Well said. This is, indeed, a sign of the desperate actions of the NWO/globalists to retain their momentum in the face of an awakening in the West, and a resistance among all people who love liberty.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Your recollections of human wave attacks in Nam reminds me of a quote from Chesty Puller at the “frozen Chosen”:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">“Don’t forget that you’re First Marines! Not all the Communists in hell can overrun you!”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Ken2 says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 21, 2017 at 5:10 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">This day, I could not be prouder to be associated with this fine organization. I live in a rural area halfway between LA and SF, otherwise would have been in DC with you patriots. Your efforts have obviously made the visit safer for some who attended.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">My hope as time goes on, these organizations lose funding or are disbanded by good intelligence. It’s obvious their only mission is to bring anarchy to our streets.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Thank you and God bless to all of you who were able to represent Oath Keepers this week. I believe this will also help demonstrate to those in the law enforcement community who we are and that we represent that which is good and service to the community.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">God save the Republic!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Charles says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 10:37 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">For all our liberal socialist friends in the US of A , you live in a Constitutional Republic with laws ! You do not live in a democracy with mob rule . The Founding Fathers created a Constitutional Republic with laws 1778 when the wrote the US Constitution . For the last 100 years liberal/socialist/democrats have been spewing the lie that we live in a democracy . And of course they believe if you tell a lie often enough it becomes truth . Again , Thanks to the Oath Keeper for their efforts in keeping US Citizens safe .</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Milt says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 22, 2017 at 5:58 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">SALUTE! Well done.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NAVY JACK says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 22, 2017 at 2:59 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">I have received a few emails on the Richard Spencer assault that I documented above. To be clear, my oath to the US Constitution does not provide me with the latitude to decide which free speech I will protect and defend. I am obligated to defend all free speech, even if it turns my stomach. While I may completely disagree with the positions of Mr. Spencer and the NPI, I would have intervened to protect him from the assault had I been in a position to do so. It happened too fast and I was too far away. I did not leave until I was confident that he was not seriously injured. If asked, I would also suggest that in the future, Mr. Spencer bring security personnel with him if he is going to discuss the advantages of White Nationalism and racial segregation in the middle of a riot at the camp of the Anti-Fascist Coalition.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Chip says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 22, 2017 at 5:02 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">” if he is going to discuss the advantages of White Nationalism and racial segregation in the middle of a riot at the camp of the Anti-Fascist Coalition.” The only better definition of stupidity than these words, are these words without “security personnel”. The cascading failure of scams, false prophets and a history of lies is crashing before our eyes. Schumer told us his name means “protector”. His name means “Shit”. Oath Keepers are protectors. Watch and learn Chuck…I’ll choose NJ over Schumer in that ultimate fox hole when it matters most!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Retired Navy Spook says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 22, 2017 at 9:08 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">I would have loved to have been there, but you that were did a phenomenal job. Well done!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">sealaw says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 23, 2017 at 7:29 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">I cannot adequately express the degree of pride I have in being part of this organization! Thank you all for your courage and resolve in putting yourselves in harm’s way to defend the principles we all believe in. Carry on brothers – God Bless all of you and God Bless our great nation!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Lee Johnson says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 23, 2017 at 8:41 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">screw these punk liberals…enough of their whiny crap.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">angela D. says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 23, 2017 at 10:16 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Chip: If Schumer says his name means “protector” in German, then he’s a damn liar. There’s no such word as “Schumer” in German. The only word that exists that’s even close is “Schummeln” which means ” to chisel or cheat”. Obviously, that shoe fits and Mr. Shumer should wear it.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Chip says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 23, 2017 at 12:03 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">@ Angela…</div><div style="text-align: left;">Schumer means protector in “Hebrew” according to his Regional Director…who got busted for drug possession a year later. ??</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Jeep guy says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 23, 2017 at 7:13 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Great job guys and gals.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">“All great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.”</div><div style="text-align: left;">? William Bradford</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">LJ says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 10:27 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Why weren’t all the Bikers for Trump called? Only a few were in the mix helping out, while the rest of them waited at a park 10 minutes away and were never deployed. I am ashamed that American’s can’t seem to get their act together long enough to stop violent thugs commies on our streets. The problem is, we all knew this was going to be violent, yet they wee allowed in, in the first place. I am disgusted. Citizens were assaulted with urine and feces whilst entering and exiting the Deploraball. Seriously disgusting. What I see is no real training in PREVENTION, just a bunch of blockheads dressed in military gear, posing as mechanical robots..</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">GREEN GIANT says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 11:15 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">In truth, had the conservatives and Constitution supporters wanted to actually do what it takes to stop this from happening again, they would have gone, in mass, into these thugs with such force that the thugs activities for the day would have been over. (In the hospital) You see, as far as they are concerned, they did have a “win” of sorts. So next time, step it up. To make sure they are going to “hide” and “run” much quicker, make sure that they KNOW they have been defeated.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Sorry. This is a time that FREEDOM OF SPEECH has been abused. There is NO freedom of speech that is designed to harm others.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Gail says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 10:50 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Thanks Oath Keepers; for having the you know what, (that word that rhymes with falls), for all you’re peace making efforts on President Trump’s inauguration day….May you be twice blessed for “all” you do in the name of liberty for justice and righteousness.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">STEWART RHODES says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 11:32 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Thank you. We do what we can, and hopefully it can be used as a model/example for what any group of patriots can do in any town or city. That was actually the most important thing to do – show how it can be done. Lead by example.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">GREEN GIANT says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 10:57 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">This could have been greatly reduced if the LEOs had used greater force against these people. Face it.</div><div style="text-align: left;">These “non-violent” protests where the perfect place for the very violence that DID occur. And the answer is at the FIRST sign of violence, go after them with batons, and any other non deadly force necessary to disperse them.</div><div style="text-align: left;">No longer can we pretend that these people will be NON VIOLENT.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">STEWART RHODES says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 11:30 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">What the police should have done is send out teams of undercover officers, blending with the crowd, to identify the worst offenders, and then have snatch teams of a dozen or so cops who can grab them and arrest them. Or even better yet, arrest the leadership of LEFTY-FA (what I call them) and DisruptJ20 before the inauguration, using the reams of evidence we gave to DC Metro, and also cancel the permits that gave them a park to use as a base. When an organization is systematically planning on carrying out illegal acts, such as blocking other people from being able to exercise their own right to free speech and assembly, they cross the line far beyond free speech and their permit should have been pulled.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">pnoldguy says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 1:01 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Absolutely correct, Stewart. Maybe the new administration will revert back to the rule of law and ALL Americans can feel safe that no “special interest” group can ignore the law at will. Our new President needs to flush the current progressives out of law enforcement and install constitutionalists in their place. Good job all. We shall have LEO’s back!!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Nancy-California Patriot says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 7:11 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">I am so proud to be an Associate Member of this awesome group of real men and real women! I’m passing this follow-up article along to all of my Patriot friends and encouraging them again to join us! Thank you to all who represented REAL America in D.C. during this time of testing and bless God for keeping you safe!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">This kind of crap by the “mob” needs to be nipped in the bud at the outset and not let to fester and grow as fungus does. These punks are spoiled brats who had too many “time-outs” and not enough sore keesters. They’ll push that line as far as they are ALLOWED to get away with! They are extremely lucky they weren’t at Kent State on May 4, 1970. One thrown brick and that would’ve been it!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">And in California, the LEO’s don’t want to mess with the paperwork of hauling them in as Gov. Jerry Brown just lets them go due to prison “realignment” and “rehabilitation” efforts – while at the same time signing more unconstitutional anti-gun laws that make it more difficult to defend ourselves (legally) against the rubbish and criminal illegal aliens. I thought “sanctuary” meant for law-abiding, innocent people?!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Thank you again to all OK’s and Patriots! May God sanctify all of our endeavors to re-establish justice and righteousness in this nation!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Firehawk says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 24, 2017 at 7:59 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Maybe next time the authorities will get some gonads and use water on the rioters. That would have stopped them dead in their tracks.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">ROBERT says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 6:30 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">I’d also like to thank to the Oath Keepers and Patriots. These riots are absolutely terrible. I hope that despite all the difficullties we will find a peaceful solution to all of our country’s problems.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">UNKNOWN RANGER says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 7:15 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">I feel , that the DC police , failed to do their job’s professionally and allowed the riot’s too spend out, of-control ; Bad policing , on their part !!!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">STEWART RHODES says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 4:18 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">The rank and file we interacted with were, to a man, solid, professional, and dedicated. The brass is to blame, as usual.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">BBK says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 10:54 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Are Oath Keepers a group to promote keeping our oaths to the Constitution or a national wannabe</div><div style="text-align: left;">security team?</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">STEWART RHODES says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 1:39 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">So, when we protect people’s rights to peaceably assemble and their right to free speech, against thugs, that is not also keeping our oaths to defend the Constitution? The point, which you seem to miss, is that we the people are supposed to be the militia of the several states. That means you, me, and all our neighbors, who then provide the security of a free state, and that would certainly mean protecting peaceable people who are simply trying to assemble from the attack of thugs who want to stop them from assembling.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">We don’t defend the Constitution just by handing out pocket constitutions, brochures, or merely asking current serving cops and military to refuse orders. We also have to work our way back to restoring the militia of the several states, made up of the people themselves.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">To do that, we need to lead by example, and then encourage people to do the same thing in their own local community. So, in the end, the answer is no, we are not a national security team, but we feel the need to step up and show how to do it, so people can replicate our example in their local community, by coming together with their neighbors and organizing community security and defense, through neighborhood watches, volunteer town watches, auxiliary and reserves to local police, and as a posse for a good sheriff, along with joining their local volunteer fire department, volunteer EMT team, Search and Rescue, etc (all part of our CPT program).</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">All of those are necessary stop-gaps and stepping stones toward that ultimate goal of a truly revitalized militia of the people in the local community, which would in turn be part of a state militia system. We are a long way from that goal, but these are steps in the right direction.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Otherwise, the American people will be left with the false choice of chaos in the streets, with no resilient local security and no real capacity for local disaster relief (remember Katrina?), or an increasingly militarized and expanded professional police presence in their communities, which will lead to a police state in the truest sense of that term.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">What is your alternative? To sit on the couch and gripe and snipe at us, and maybe call on the police and military to do all the heavy lifting of defending the Constitution, but to otherwise “let the authorities handle it”?</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">That was not the Founders’ plan, and that was not what they wrote into our Constitution.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">“A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">If you are not taking active steps toward a revitalization and restoration of what the Founders regarded as necessary to the security of a free state, you aren’t defending squat.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Stewart</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NAVY JACK says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 3:22 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">BBK – If you are a good citizen, you must render assistance to anyone being assaulted in your presence. If you are an Oath Keeper, you must be a good citizen.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">We all have different abilities and the assistance we are able to render will vary. We should all strive, to the best of our ability, to protect and care for each other; regardless of our political views. I refuse to sit on the couch and watch women, children, the elderly and the outnumbered being harassed, beaten and worse for nothing more than wanting to attend a public event like the Inauguration of the President of the United States. I feel the same way about those who peacefully protest. They deserve the same respect and the same protection because they too are citizens exercising their rights.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Too many times the police have been ordered to stand-down and not intervene to avoid becoming the target of the protesters. Too many times the police have been unprepared or so vastly outnumbered as to make their presence useless.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Do what you want. Complain if you must, but I would hope you would at least respect the views of those of us that have watched too many of these events turn violent against those least able to protect themselves.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">NavyJack</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">STEWART RHODES says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 4:17 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Well said. To each his own. But the idea that this org should be “RTI” (Reach, Teach, Inspire) only, in some stinted way that confines us to just education, was NEVER my intent as the founder of this org and is entirely incompatible with keeping the oath. You DO NOT keep your oath to defend the Constitution just by urging others to keep theirs. Hate to break it to you, but you don’t get a pass on your duty to take action when required.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">And in my speech on Lexington Green, on April 19, 2009, which was our official founding date, I spoke at length about the duty of us veterans, and I used the example of Samuel Whittemore, a combat veteran of the French and Indian War, who was 80 years old on April 19, 1775, when he decided that his duty required him to step up, one more time, in defense of his community and country. He was not “current serving” (which was the militia of the time) because he was too old, but he answered the call nonetheless, because he still felt honor bound to do so.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Whittemore</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">We veterans do not get to just sit this one out and urge the current serving to do the right thing.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">First of all, in the Founders Republic, there is no separation between the people and the law enforcement function, because all were supposed to answer the “hue and the cry” and turn out to bring the criminal to justice (such as in the posse of a good sheriff), and there was no separation between the people and the military function, because all were the militia, as I said above.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">And second of all, even us older veterans are still under the same duty that grabbed hold of the old veteran, Samuel Whittemore, and drew him toward the fight. As with him, our oath does not expire until we do, no matter our age. You are still on the hook, all you “dangerous old men.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Remember your purpose, and reflect on the reality that you were born an American, and at this time in our history, for a reason. And it was not to sit on the couch. Liberty is not a spectator sport.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Embrace your place in history, fear not, and answer the call.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Stewart</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Rokdog says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">February 2, 2017 at 7:47 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Do the research on the OK’s and you will have the answer. We support the constitution and will defend it when needed. The simple fact that we are mostly vets and retired/active law enforcement, and committed to honoring the oaths that we took, should give you some idea. And yes, we do train to act a a “security team” on occasion, when it’s needed and being requested by our fellow citizens/neighbors/law enforcement to provide emergency services. . Here in Az, we have a working relationship with our sheriff’s dept. and the sheriff himself, is a solid patriot/sheriff and loves our organization. He has already advised us that in the event of a major situation, that we would be called on in that emergency.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Aeron says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 25, 2017 at 7:07 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">We, I believe, are one of the best trained and armed citizenry on the planet. This is due to having one of the best military’s to date. The mission is to disarm America, I think, so as to weaken the internal fabric in order to assist in whatever world agenda there is that is intent on disenfranchising the Unites States of America. This is/has been advanced through decreasing the need for a draft, decreasing the size and scope of the National armed forces, incorporating and utilizing a paid mercenary/contracted force and then de-legitimizing law enforcement while giving more power to the judicial system and government. Checks are in place while Balances are being weighted to one side of the pendulum, the Executive–Government and away from the People–States.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The only distraction adversarial party’s and nations have to advance their agenda on us/our citizenry currently, as in the past, is the strength of our trained and armed citizens that might raise a question of certainty toward success of their plan without complicated resistance.</div><div style="text-align: left;">We are a bipolar nation today due to the forced two-party war of politics that only makes concrete the certainty of discontent and riff. The “us vs. them” delineation-factor makes it easier for the orchestrated management, by the suspect forces (unknown for certain, but, Global Control Agenda Cartel, sounds like an appropriate clandestine title, maybe?) against us, to gain control and bring to submission the United States of America because most of the work will have been done by the fracturing of our belief in ourselves and our nation as well as our ability to resolve our differences while ensuring our individual privilege and safety without having to submit to violence toward one another.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Thank You Oath-Keepers for staying grounded in your Oath; to stand firm in defense of our Constitution and free of expressed preferential bias against or for the diversity within our citizenry.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">AIRVET says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 26, 2017 at 11:16 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Well Done Oath Keepers, wish I could have been close enough to help.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Deadman says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">January 28, 2017 at 10:11 pm</div><div style="text-align: left;">Hat off to my Brothers! To. BBK just about any member that wanted to be a contractor or operator in the private sector could be and some have I’m sure for me I was security back during the Bush era. I wore. A lapel. Pin and should patch under my suit coat make you go hmmm!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">CHIEF says:</div><div style="text-align: left;">February 5, 2017 at 6:08 am</div><div style="text-align: left;">Glad to see the Oathkeepers were there and made a difference with no casualties. At least I did not hear or read of any Oathkeepers casualties. Way to go Oathkeepers. Lack of funds kept me from being there.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Comments are closed.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">HONOR YOUR OATH, JOIN US!</div><div style="text-align: left;">BYLAWS</div><div style="text-align: left;">COMMUNITY RULES</div><div style="text-align: left;">CODE OF CONDUCT</div><div style="text-align: left;">TERMS OF SERVICE</div><div style="text-align: left;">PRIVACY POLICY</div><div style="text-align: left;">COOKIE POLICY</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2017/04/15/18798357.php</font></div><div><h2 style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oathkeepers, ‘2 Million Bikers,’ Identity Evropa and Beyond</font></h2><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The far-Right militia the Oath Keepers have stated that they will do security at the event.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.oathkeepers.org/oath-keepers-call-action-stand-defend-free-speech-berkeley-patriots-rally-april-15-2017/" style="border: none; word-wrap: break-word;">In their statement they write</a>:</font></p><blockquote style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-left: 10px solid rgb(212, 220, 232); margin: 1.6em 43.5625px 1.6em 26.1406px; padding: 0.75em 17.4219px 1em; quotes: " color="color" rgb="rgb" font-family="font-family" verdana="verdana" arial="arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" line-height="line-height" display="display" inline="inline" margin-top="margin-top" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Calling on all Oath Keepers (and all three percenters, military veterans, patriot police officers, bikers, and all other brave American patriots):</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><p style="line-height: 1.6; display: inline; margin-top: 12px;">Seeking capable volunteers for an overt Oath Keepers security detail to protect people during the “Patriots Day Free Speech Rally” to be held on April 15, 2017, at 12PM PDT, in the Martin Luther King Jr. Park, 2151 M.L.K. Jr Way, Berkeley, CA 94704</p><p style="line-height: 1.6; display: inline; margin-top: 12px;" /><div style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p style="line-height: 1.6; display: inline; margin-top: 12px;" /><div style="text-align: left;">Team Leader for the Oath Keepers on the ground April 15 will be John Karriman (Missouri police academy defensive tactics instructor and team leader on both of our Ferguson operations in 2014-2015).</div></blockquote><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Facebook page for ‘2 Million Bikers’ currently has over 50 going, and the group plans to ride from Sacramento to Berkeley.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Identity Evropa, a neo-Nazi organization has stated that their leader, Nathan Damigo will be in attendance.&nbsp;<a href="https://altright.com/2017/03/28/is-based-stick-man-not-so-based/" style="border: none; word-wrap: break-word;">He wrote about the event on AltRight.com</a>, the same website that Pettibone writes for and is run by Richard Spencer. Damigo rarely rolls alone, and we expect him to bring around 10 or more members of IE with him, along with a collection of Alt-Right trolls.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The leader of the Asatru Folk Assembly, a white nationalist pagan group in Northern California has also endorsed the action and is attending, as are members of the Soldiers of Odin and&nbsp;<a href="https://itsgoingdown.org/sacramento-nazi-crew-responsible-stabbings-co-organize-trump-march/" style="border: none; word-wrap: break-word;">potentially members of the Golden State Skinheads</a>(GSS). One member, Jason Kale Cas, is on the “going” list of the Facebook event, along with other neo-Nazi skinheads.</font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Conclusions</font></h2><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Different sections of the Alt-Right, the militia movement, Trump supporting ‘Deploraballs,’ and neo-Nazis are all coming together in Berkeley on the 15th. This is happening to a degree which hasn’t been seen anywhere else in the country on this large a scale. Regardless of whatever the organizers like Chapman, Black, and Quillian, (whose own politics are racist, Alt-Right, and fascist themselves) say – the Alt-Right and neo-Nazis are coming.</font></p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin-top: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin-top: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/frightening-implications-acquittals-oregon-standoff">http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/frightening-implications-acquittals-oregon-standoff</a></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On Thursday, seven anti-government protesters who took over a federally owned wildlife sanctuary in Oregon last winter were acquitted of all charges. Led by Ammon and Ryan Bundy, sons of rancher Cliven Bundy, who is being tried for another illegal standoff with the federal government, the group's lawyers were somehow able to persuade a jury in federal court that this was a case of government over-reach, not domestic terrorism. The acquittals on all federal conspiracy and weapons charges shocked many.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I had been telling my client you can count on being convicted,” Matthew Schindler, a lawyer for one of the men on trial for the armed takeover of Oregon’s Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, told the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/10/28/off-the-charts-unbelievable-will-acquittal-of-oregon-refuge-occupiers-embolden-extremists-militias/" style="text-decoration: none;">Wasington Post</a>. “You don’t walk into a federal court and win a case like this. It just doesn’t happen.”</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Wild West-like armed occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Preserve in southeastern Oregon started as a protest against the arrests of two men who illegally started fires at the preserve, and was rooted in the rabid anti-government belief that the federal government has no right to control the lands that fall under its jurisdiction. Eleven people had already pleaded guilty in the standoff. One, who said he'd rather die than be arrested, got his wish:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/28/us/lavoy-finicum-protester-killed-in-oregon.html" style="text-decoration: none;">LaVoy Finicum</a>&nbsp;was killed by authorities at the end of the standoff.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Although the takeover was clearly planned, ringleader Ammon Bundy argued it was a spontaneous action rooted in his religious beliefs. These beliefs apparently inspired him to put out the call to like-minded people nationwide to join his band of outlaws with their guns. One wonders if his beliefs and followers had been Muslim how that argument would have gone over.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The verdict is seen to have potentially frightening implications.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/verdict-near-in-malheur-wildlife-refuge-standoff-trial/" style="text-decoration: none;">John Horning</a>, executive director of WildEarth Guardians, worried it would embolden others and endanger employees of public land-management agencies. “It is entirely possible there will be threats or intimidations from militants that believe such actions are justified by this verdict.”&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>It could also embolden other far-right groups calling themselves "patriots," such as the Oath Keepers,</b> who see far-ranging conspiracies like election rigging and a plot to deprive them of their Second Amendment rights. The group, which is made up of&nbsp;former military and law enforcement officers, and others like it, are calling for members to "take action on election day." Oath Keepers "has urged its members to 'blend in' with voters and do 'incognito intelligence gathering and crime spotting' at polling places across the country on Nov. 8," the Post&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/10/27/militia-group-calls-on-members-to-patrol-polls-on-election-day/?utm_term=.d5ded587b660" style="text-decoration: none;">reported</a>&nbsp;this week.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Bundy brothers remain in custody, still facing charges along with their father for the standoff at Bundy ranch.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin-top: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.politicalresearch.org/2015/04/23/profile-on-the-right-oathkeepers/#sthash.YngHGt0V.dpbs</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oa<span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">th Keepers is one of the largest anti-government “patriot” groups in the nation. &nbsp;The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) includes the organization in its list of Hate and Extremist Groups and its Patriot Movement Timeline.1 Oath Keepers differs from the 1990s wave of patriot movements in that “full members” of the organization are former and current military and police.</span></font></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oath Keepers was registered as a nonprofit in Nevada in 2009.2 &nbsp;<b>Stewart Rhodes, founder and president of the organization, is a Yale graduate and former Congressional staffer for Ron Paul. Founding directors included Richard Mack,</b> who continues as a director and the organization’s most prominent</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">spokesperson.3 4</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The stated purpose of the Oath Keepers is to organize and train current and former military, police, and first responders to refuse to “obey unconstitutional orders.” 5 &nbsp;New members make an oath affirming “ten orders we will not obey” and liken their mission to resisting the tyranny of Nazi Germany. In 2014, the organization claimed 40,000 members in chapters in all fifty states,6 up from 30,000 reported in a 2011 interview with Rhodes in the libertarian Reason Magazine. 7 8 &nbsp;Full membership is available for current and former members of the military, National Guard, Reserves, police, firefighters, and first responders. &nbsp;Other are eligible for associate membership.</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The “Friends of Oath Keepers,” listed on the organization’s website, include the <b>Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association (CSPOA), Gun Owners of America (GOA), the Tenth Amendment Center, and S.W.A.T. Magazine.</b></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSPOA9, an organization for “oathkeeper sheriffs,” was founded in 2011 by Richard Mack, a former Arizona sheriff who is known for challenging the Brady Bill in Mack and Printz v. United States. Mack has also been a lobbyist for GOA and co-authored a book with Randy Weaver about Ruby Ridge, the 1992 incident which has served as a rallying cry for Patriot and militia groups. &nbsp;CSPOA is specifically for sheriffs who would “be willing to interpose on behalf of the people to protect their freedom.”10 &nbsp; The mission is to “train and vet them all [county sheriffs], state by state, to understand and enforce the constitutionally protected Rights of the people they serve, with an emphasis on State Sovereignty and local autonomy.”11 &nbsp;The mission statement continues, “In short, the CSPOA will be the army that sets our country free.”</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For both the Oath Keepers and the CSPOA, the enemy keeping the country from being free is the federal government. Both groups promote and train for resistance to “unconstitutional” actions of federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Environmental Protection Agency, and Food and Drug Administration. &nbsp;They prioritize fighting any type of gun control.</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes has written that he got the idea for organizing Oath Keepers while volunteering for Ron Paul’s 2008 presidential campaign, and first started a blog in which he warned about threats to gun rights in a new administration. &nbsp;He reposted an article he had written for S.W.A.T. Magazine warning that after being sworn in as president, <b>Hillary Clinton (“Herr Hitlery”) would sign a “total ban on private possession of firearms.”12 &nbsp;Rhodes continued, claiming that the “dominatrix-in-chief” would declare “the entire militia movement” to be enemy combatants, and order resisters of gun confiscation to be shot. The article was accompanied by photographs of Nazi atrocities.</b>13 &nbsp;Oath Keeper media products feature former Congressman Paul, GOA’s Larry Pratt, and “New World Order” or one-world government conspiracists including G. Edward Griffin and Alex Jones.</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><br /></b></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Oath Keepers capitalized on the emerging Tea Party movement and the “Ron Paul Revolution”</b> to build its membership.14 &nbsp;As noted in a Mother Jones article on the Oath Keepers, Rhodes sent speakers to administer the organization’s oath at 30 Tea Party rallies in the early days of the movement.15 &nbsp;Association with the Tea Party, and the willingness of local authorities to participate, has enabled Oath Keepers and CSPOA to gain more access to the mainstream than many in the patriot movement of the 1990s.</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Photo: Stewart Rhodes, Sheriff Brad Rogers<a href="" /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Stewart Rhodes, &nbsp;Sheriff Brad Rogers18 (CSPOA member) and Nevada Assemblywoman Michele Fiore speak at the Bundy ranch in April 2014.19</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On April 10, 2014, Oath Keepers posted an announcement about their participation with CSPOA in the Cliven Bundy standoff with the federal Bureau of Land Management. “[We must] stand vigil at the <b>Bundy ranch </b>to prevent the Federal Government provocation of violence resulting in another Ruby Ridge or Waco type incident.” 16 &nbsp;Oath Keepers paid for the Elkhart Indiana sheriff to make the trip to participate</span>.17</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Related Patriot Movement Profiles:</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Three Percenters</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association (CSPOA)</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Next Profile arrow</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">END NOTES</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">1 http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2010/summer/meet-the-patriots/the-patriot-movemen</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">2 http://nvsos.gov/sosentitysearch/CorpDetails.aspx?lx8nvq=s8EtUq7rLzqNBvRDF%252b%252fglQ%253d%253d&nt7=0</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">3 Other directors listed on the Nevada registration are Jeff Ford, James Hanna, Michele Imburgia, Sharon M. Manery, John Shirley, L. Franklin Shook III, and Jay Stang. &nbsp;Jay Stang is head of Texas Oath Keepers and the son of the late Alan Stang.</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">4 Stewart Rhodes continues as president and Richard Mack is on the current board of directors. &nbsp;Other current directors are Michele Imburgia, L. Franklin Shook III, John D. Shirley, Jay Stang, David Helms, Jeff W. Ford, and Jim Ayala. &nbsp;http://oathkeepers.org/oktester/board-of-directors/</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">5 http://oathkeepers.org/oktester/about/</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">6 https://web.archive.org/web/20140414202439/http://oathkeepers.org/oath/2014/04/10/coalition-of-western-state-legislators-sheriffs-and-veterans-stand-vigil-in-support-of-embattled-nevada-rancher-cliven-bundy-%E2%80%98to-prevent-another-ruby-ridge-or-waco%E2%80%9D/</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">7 http://reason.com/archives/2011/02/07/an-interview-with-stewart-rhod</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">8 http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/03/oath-keepers</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">9 http://www.politicalresearch.org/2013/11/22/profiles-on-the-right-constitutional-sheriffs-and-peace-officers-association/</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">10 http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2012/winter/resurrection</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">11 http://cspoa.org/about/message-from-mack/</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">12 http://oath-keepers.blogspot.com/2009/05/keeping-your-oath-not-just-following.html</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">13 http://oath-keepers.blogspot.com/2009/05/keeping-your-oath-not-just-following.html</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">14 For more on the ideology of the Ron Paul Revolution and the promotion of nullification of federal law, see “Nullification, Neo-Confederates, and the Revenge of the Old Right” beginning on page 2 of the Fall 2014 Public Eye. http://www.politicalresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/12/PEfall2013_finalpdf_onserver.pdf</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">15 http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/03/oath-keepers?page=2</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">16 Archive of http://oathkeepers.org/oath/2014/04/10/coalition-of-western-state-legislators-sheriffs-and-veterans-stand-vigil-in-support-of-embattled-nevada-rancher-cliven-bundy-%E2%80%98to-prevent-another-ruby-ridge-or-waco%E2%80%9D/</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">17 http://www.elkharttruth.com/news/politics/Indiana-Buzz/2014/04/29/Elkhart-County-Sheriff-Brad-Rogers-defends-trip-to-Cliven-Bundy-ranch.html</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">18 http://www.elkhartcountysheriff.com/sheriff.html</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">19 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVLJnqwIezs</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">- See more at: http://www.politicalresearch.org/2015/04/23/profile-on-the-right-oathkeepers/#sthash.YngHGt0V.hSbLaXA0.dpuf</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">==</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">july '13</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">splc</font></a></div><div><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font color="#000000"><a href=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Oath Keepers founder&nbsp;</b></font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.splcenter.org/get%20informed/intelligence%20files/profiles/Elmer%20Stewart%20Rhodes" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s; background: transparent;"><b>Stewart Rhodes</b></a>&nbsp;has always trusted his intellectual pedigree to keep him above the fray.</font></font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Boasting a Yale Law School degree and a smooth-talking manner, Rhodes from the start described the group he formed in 2009 — made up largely of law enforcement officials and past and present members of the military — as merely standing up for the Constitution and American liberties. When he urged his members to resist orders to impose martial law or create detention camps, he said, his were merely theoretical worries. After all, he said, Hessian mercenaries once&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: inherit;">did</em>&nbsp;help the British during the American Revolution and Japanese Americans&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: inherit;">were</em>&nbsp;rounded up and detained in internment camps during World War II.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He was no conspiracy theorist.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But nearly four years later, if there were any questions still remaining about what the Oath Keepers really are, an event the group has planned for this weekend should lay them all to rest. Starting on Friday at the Farragut State Park outside Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, the Oath Keepers are hosting the Northwest Patriots and Self Reliance Rally. The lineup of participating allies is revealing.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">There will be a workshop on colloidal silver — a substance that many on the radical right believe is a cure for all kinds of ailments that the government has kept secret from the people. In fact, the substance has no known medical use and, if used with the frequency that some radicals do, turns human skin blue.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There will be seminars on</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2012/spring/behind-the-green-mask" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Agenda 21</a>, </span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>a United Nations sustainability plan</b> that has no legal enforcement mechanisms or requirements, but that the radical right is convinced is a secret plot to impose socialism on the United States.</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">There will be representatives from the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.splcenter.org/home/2012/spring/bringing-back-birch" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">John Birch Society</a>&nbsp;— a primary proponent of the Agenda 21 conspiracy theory, the idea that fluoridation of water is a Communist plot, and the charge that President Dwight D. Eisenhower was a Communist agent. Also scheduled to attend are&nbsp;<a href="http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2012/winter/resurrection" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Sheriff Richard Mack</a>, a long-time darling of the antigovernment “Patriot” movement who has been encouraging&nbsp;<a href="http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2013/summer/battle-lines" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">county sheriffs to resist federal gun laws</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/profiles/chuck-baldwin" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Chuck Baldwin</a>, a far-right pastor and “constitutionalist” who moved to Montana several years ago to battle the incursions of the federal government.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Also featured will be training sessions on hand-to hand combat, nighttime military patrols, survival firearms, and preparation of “bug-out bags” — all of these an obvious reflection of the radical right’s obsessive fear that the government is about to move against the American people, seizing their guns and ending liberty.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“If you’re concerned about the future of America, if you’ve awakened to the peril facing our American heritage, our Judeo Christian way of life and the very existence of our future as a nation, if you realize the importance of preparing for an uncertain future and striving for a self-sufficient lifestyle, then there will only be one place to be,” a promotional radio advertisement about the rally says.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>These kind of end-of-freedom fears are not new. So-called “preparedness expos” were common during the first wave of the antigovernment “Patriot” movement during the 1990s.</b> Toward the end of that decade, with many on the far right predicting a “Y2K” crash at the millennial date change, tens of thousands of those on the right rushed to the expos to prepare for imminent hard times.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All this seems to obviously fly in the face of Rhodes’ assertion that he is no conspiracy theorist of wild-eyed radical. But, in fact, almost since the beginning, the Oath Keepers struggled to explain away the extremism in their ranks.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Last year, Rhodes and others raced to distance themselves from&nbsp;<a href="http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2011/08/25/ex-marine-and-fugitive-tied-to-oath-keepers-arrested/" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Charles Dyer</a>, a former Marine and self-described Oath Keeper who led police on a cross-country chase amid allegations he raped his 7-year-old daughter. Although many Oath Keepers claimed Dyer was the victim of a government conspiracy to silence Patriots, he was later convicted.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2011, hundreds of armed&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2011/08/29/oath-keepers-group-takes-on-pivot-point-arizona-town/" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s initial initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Oath Keepers descended on the tiny town of</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2011/08/29/oath-keepers-group-takes-on-pivot-point-arizona-town/" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> Quartzsite, Ariz.</a>, to weigh in on a fight between the town’s elected officials, arguing, in effect, that the tiny, desert outpost was the first battle in the fight against the much-feared, socialistic “New World Order.”</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Most recently,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2013/summer/battle-lines/pennsylvania-police-chie" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Mark Kessler</a>, a self-described Oath Keeper</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and police chief in tiny Gilberton, Penn., formed a paramilitary militia group called the Constitutional Security Force to fight against proposed gun control legislation. Few knew of it until this week, when Kessler posted a profanity-laced video online that got wide attention. “Fuck all you lib-tards out there,” a heavily armed Kessler says in the video. “As a matter of fact, read my shirt,” he says, turning around to show the camera a T-shirt printed with the words, “Liberals take it in the ass.”</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Rhodes has shown his paranoia about a coming dictatorship, or loss of freedom, before. Two years ago, he&nbsp;<a href="http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2011/winter/extremists-are-coming-together-in-mon" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">moved to <b>Montana</b> to be part of an “American Redoubt”</a>&nbsp;to make a kind of last-ditch defense of the Constitution</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Now, with his latest set of friends in Idaho, he seems to have gone even further to the extreme right.</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></p><div class="field-label" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h2 style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 0.83em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elmer Stewart Rhodes</font></h2></div><div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-item even " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yale Law School graduate Stewart Rhodes in 2009 founded the far-right Oath Keepers, a fiercely antigovernment, militaristic group that improbably claims more than 30,000 law enforcement officers, soldiers and military veterans as members. The core idea of the group is that its members vow to forever support the oaths they took on joining law enforcement or the military to defend the Constitution. But just as central is the group’s list of 10 “Orders We Will Not Obey,” a compendium of much-feared but entirely imaginary threats from the government — orders, for instance, to force Americans into concentration camps, confiscate their guns, or cooperate with foreign troops in the United States.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> These supposed threats are, in fact, part of the central conspiracy theory advocated by the antigovernment “Patriot” movement of which the Oath Keepers is a part — the baseless claim that the federal government plans to impose martial law, seize Americans’ weapons, force those who resist into concentration camps, and, ultimately, push the country into a one-world socialistic government known as the “New World Order.” In 2013, the group took on a more aggressive stance, announcing the planned formation of “Citizen Preservation” militias meant to defend Americans against the New World Order.</span></font></p><p style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" box-sizing="box-sizing" inherit="inherit">In His Own Words</b></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Imagine that Herr Hitlery [Hillary Clinton] is sworn in as president in 2009. After a conveniently timed ‘domestic terrorism’ incident (just a coincidence, of course) … she promptly crams a United Nations mandated total ban on the private possession of firearms. … But Hitlery goes further, proclaiming a national emergency and declaring the entire militia movement (and anyone else Morris Dees labels ‘extremists’) to be ‘enemy combatants.’ … Hitlery declares that such citizens are subject to secret military detention without jury trial, ‘enhanced’ interrogation techniques, and trial before a military tribunal hand-picked by the dominatrix-in-chief herself. Hitlery then orders police, National Guard troops and active military to go house-to-house to disarm the American people and ‘black-bag’ those on a list of ‘known terrorists,’ with orders to shoot all resisters.”</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;">—“<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Enemy at the Gates” column in&nbsp;<i style="box-sizing: inherit;">S.W.A.T Magazine</i></span>, April 2008</div></span><p style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">“We need to accept the reality that an economic collapse is coming. … When the Federal Reserve created fiat money system collapses, when the ship sinks, they will then ‘rescue us’ by sweeping us all onboard the</span><b style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"> U.N.N. Global Leviathan </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">— their ‘final solution’ of a world-wide version of the ‘Fed’ along with ‘world governance.’ That has been their plan all along.”</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">—Post on the Oath Keepers’ Operation Sleeping Giant website, April 17, 2011</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><p style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">“The Republic is on the verge of destruction precisely because Republicans have chosen the lesser of two evils (the lesser of two oath breakers) in each election. … When you take a slightly reduced dose of poison, say 80% poison instead of 100%, you are still poisoning yourself, and you will still die. This Republic has been subjected to a reduced dose of poison over and over, for decades, and is now about to die.”</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">—Post on Rhodes’ blog, Nov. 6, 2012</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><p style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">“It is the height of Orwellian perversion of language and logic to say that disarming you of the most effective arms for combat that you still have is somehow not really disarming you, because you still have hunting rifles and shotguns. And you can bet that if you let them take away your military semi-autos, next on their list will be bolt action rifles, which they will call ‘sniper rifles’ (and By God, that is certainly what they are good for!).”</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">—“My Personal Pledge of Resistance Against Any Attempt to Disarm Us by Means of an ‘Assault Weapons Ban,’” on the Oath Keepers website, Dec. 19, 2012</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><p style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" box-sizing="box-sizing" inherit="inherit">Background</b></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stewart Rhodes grew up in the Southwest and joined the Army after finishing high school. He became a paratrooper, receiving an honorable discharge due to an injury in a night parachuting accident. Then Rhodes attended college at University of Nevada, Las Vegas, graduating in 1998. Rhodes has said that he taught street crime survival and rape prevention at the college women’s center and also worked as a certified Nevada concealed-carry firearms instructor.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">After college, his first politically oriented job was supervising interns in Washington, D.C., for libertarian Ron Paul, then a Republican congressman from Texas. Rhodes subsequently attended Yale Law School, graduating in 2004, and</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> clerked for Arizona Supreme Court Justice Michael D. Ryan</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. A trial lawyer and libertarian, he later volunteered on Paul’s 2008 presidential campaign.</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes’ experience with the Paul campaign prompted one of his first documented diatribes in the political arena. Appearing on his blog in January 2008, the post blasts political opponents’<b> charges that Paul was linked to hate groups and racists</b>. (The congressman’s&nbsp;<i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Ron Paul Report</i>, in fact, did contain many racist statements over the years, but Paul has claimed that he did not write or read them).&nbsp; Using the fevered language that would become his trademark, Rhodes railed against the “full-blown smear campaign.” Calling it a “lame attempt at guilt by association” and “stupid,” he added, “This only tells me that Ron Paul is a real threat to the political establishment, and they are pulling out all the stops in an attempt to stop the Ron Paul Revolution.” Then Rhodes pulled out his own ethnic card, disclosing that ancestors on his mother’s side were Hispanic and “American-Indian.” Being of minority ancestry himself and working with Paul, Rhodes said he saw no indication of racism—and that alone proved the racism claims were phony.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Also in 2008, Rhodes had what he described as a pivotal epiphany, described in a long profile published by&nbsp;<i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Mother Jones</i>&nbsp;magazine in March/April 2010. Rhodes had been writing a weapons-oriented column called “Enemy at the Gates” for&nbsp;<i style="box-sizing: inherit;">S.W.A.T. Magazine</i>, a monthly firearms publication that focuses on police SWAT teams. Rhodes said he received a wake-up call response to one of his columns from a retired colonel arguing that the Bill of Rights and Constitution were in peril and that soldiers, veterans and police “is where they will be saved, if they are saved at all!” (Rhodes has described himself as intrigued at the thought that if German soldiers and police officers had defied the government, Hitler’s regime would have collapsed.) After hearing from the retired colonel, Rhodes posted a now-notorious article on his blog, referring to Presidential candidate Hilary Clinton as “Hitlery” and spelling out how he thought she might impose a dictatorship.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes then took a hard-right turn away from electoral politics, putting up the Oath Keepers blog and beginning grassroots organizing among military officers, veterans and police officers. Soon, he had assistance from Tea Party and Ron Paul strategists. At a rally in Lexington, Mass., organized by a pro-militia group on April 19, 2009, Rhodes officially set forth the 10 “orders” Oath Keepers must not obey and officially launched the group before an audience of several hundred. It didn’t stay just an idea for long.&nbsp; On July 4, 2009, Rhodes dispatched speakers to more than 30 Tea Party rallies around the U.S., administering the new group’s “oath.” He also began to organize rallies of his own and aggressively recruit new members at the Oath Keepers web site.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Within a year, the group had drawn members from every state, Rhodes said, and by 2014 the Oath Keepers was claiming to have more than 30,000 people on its membership rolls, although that is an unverifiable and highly unlikely number.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2010, Rhodes left his Nevada legal practice and moved to Montana, joining a growing Patriot movement presence in the Big Sky state, where antigovernment extremists envision a coming “last stand” confrontation against globalist tyrants expected to steamroll across the U.S., crushing our freedoms.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Rhodes’ fervent call to resistance has been amplified with frequent media appearances on platforms offered by megaphone-wielding demagogues such as radio conspiracy-monger </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Alex Jones, and through alliances with other right-wing groups, including extreme Tea Party factions and the John Birch Society.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> He’s known to be a facile talker who tries to sound eminently reasonable.</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes and his followers have launched some laughable “operations” in the last few years, but other actions they’ve taken vividly reveal the danger of their conspiracy-inflamed convictions.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On the comic opera side, Oath Keepers stormed into Quartzsite, a small Arizona town, to defend local residents who were ejected after refusing to leave a 2010 Town Council meeting on </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">alleged government corruption. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Led by Rhodes, the Oath Keepers marched into town and the group’s website called Quartzsite a pivot point for Americans to finally see the looming danger of the “New World Order.” &nbsp;The upshot: The Oath Keepers left town rapidly, and the State Bar of Arizona later censured Rhodes for practicing law without a state license because he wrote letters threatening a lawsuit on behalf of the ejected residents. He was fined $600.</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a far more serious episode, Daniel Knight Hayden, an Oklahoma man self-identified as an Oath Keeper, was indicted by a federal grand jury after posting Twitter messages threatening to unleash a violent attack on Oklahoma state government officials on April 15, tax day. Hayden was sentenced to eight months in prison in 2010. Another troubling example: Matthew Fairfield, a suburban Cleveland man described by prosecutors as the president of a local Oath Keepers chapter, was sentenced to 20 years in prison for storing<b> bombs</b> at his and a friend’s home and for obstructing justice. After Fairfield’s 2011 sentencing, a county prosecutor said it would be fair to call the Oath Keepers officer a potential terrorist.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And, in a widely publicized case, another Oath Keeper was sentenced to 30 years in prison for raping his own 7-year-old daughter. After failing to appear for trial in 2010, Charles Dyer, an ex-Marine, led police on a multi-state chase and began issuing threats against law enforcement, warning that they’d better not catch up to him. Although Dyer had spoken on behalf of the Oath Keepers and online videos identified him as the group’s liaison to the Marines, Rhodes claimed he really wasn’t part of the group.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes has continued to appear at Patriot-themed organizing rallies, joining forces with antigovernment extremist groups such as the Tenth Amendment Center and the Northwest Patriots. He’s contended that states have the right to disregard federal laws —&nbsp;a falsehood, as a trained lawyer should know — and that any form of gun control is a noxious attack on freedom that should trigger resistance. When gun control efforts ratcheted up in early 2013, shortly after the Newtown, Conn., school massacre, Rhodes announced Oath Keeper rallies at statehouses across the nation to send lawmakers the message that “they will be held accountable if they choose to dishonor” their Constitutional oaths. He’s appeared on shows like “Coast to Coast AM,” the most listened to overnight radio program in North America, and the radio show of Alex Jones, an über-conspiracy theorist, that is livestreamed online five days a week and carried by more than 60 radio stations.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 2; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">An announcement made by Rhodes in the fall of 2013 is seen by some analysts as particularly frightening. In it, Rhodes said he planned to <b>create local militia units, organized along the lines of U.S. Special Forces teams and filled with Oath Keepers, to provide security “during crisis” and also help train local militias</b>.&nbsp; </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“They can fight, of course,” said the E-mail announcement in October. “But they are most dangerous as a force-multiplier by helping an entire community to fight.” It was the first time Rhodes had ventured beyond words into practical preparations for dealing with the government-created apocalypse he fears so deeply.</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 25.6px;"><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/elmer-stewart-rhodes-0">https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/elmer-stewart-rhodes-0</a></span></font></p></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 17.92px;" lang="en"><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Oath Keepers</b>&nbsp;is an American organization associated with the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">patriot movement</a>. It encourages members—some of whom are current and former U.S. military and law enforcement officers,—not to obey orders which they believe would violate the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United States Constitution</a>. The group is best known for its controversial presence in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ferguson, Missouri</a>&nbsp;during<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">protests and unrest</a>&nbsp;in the city, and during which its members were armed with semi-automatic rifles<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup>&nbsp;and were described as a far-right&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia_Movement" title="Militia Movement" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">militia group</a>&nbsp;by the media.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_4-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-auto1-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Salon_5-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-Salon-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tribune_6-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-Tribune-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a></sup>&nbsp;Oath Keepers are now involved in Malheur National Refuge in support of the protesters.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The organization describes itself as a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpartisanism" title="Nonpartisanism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">non-partisan</a>&nbsp;association of current and formerly serving military, police, and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_responder" title="First responder" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">first responders</a>, who pledge to fulfill the oath all military and police take to “defend the Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic.”<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_7-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-auto2-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font 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face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h2>&nbsp;<span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none;">&nbsp;[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Organizational_history" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Organizational history</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Membership" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Membership</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Racism_accusations" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Racism accusations</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Activities" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Activities</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Ferguson_protests" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">3.1</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Ferguson protests</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Pacific_Northwest_mine_disputes" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">3.2</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Pacific Northwest mine disputes</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Bundy_Ranch_standoff" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">3.3</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Bundy Ranch standoff</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Oregon_mine_owner" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">3.4</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Oregon mine owner</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Kim_Davis" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">3.5</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Kim Davis</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Reception" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Reception</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Midnight_Ride" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;"><i>Midnight Ride</i></span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Organizational_history">Organizational history</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organizational history" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Oath Keepers was founded in March 2009 by Stewart Rhodes.</span><sup id="cite_ref-cnn1_8-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-cnn1-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sos1_9-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-sos1-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Rhodes is a&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Yale Law School</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;graduate, a former&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">US Army</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratrooper" title="Paratrooper" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">paratrooper</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and a former staffer of</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Republican</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Congressman</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Ron Paul</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-LVRJ_10-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-LVRJ-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;Rhodes was disbarred by the Montana Supreme Court for conduct violating the Montana Rules of Professional Conduct on December 8th, 2015 after refusing to respond to disciplinary action regarding grievances filed against him in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Arizona" title="United States District Court for the District of Arizona" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Federal District of Arizona</a>&nbsp;and ordered to pay the costs of the disbarment proceedings.</span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes is reported to have taken inspiration from the idea that&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler" title="Hitler" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Hitler</a>&nbsp;could have been stopped if German soldiers and police had refused to follow orders.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-33867245_12-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-BBC-33867245-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup>&nbsp;In this same context, Stewart has compared&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton" title="Hillary Rodham Clinton" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Hillary Clinton</a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Hitler</a>, writing in&nbsp;<i>S.W.A.T. Magazine</i>&nbsp;in 2008, '“It” (a full-blown totalitarian police state) cannot happen here if the majority of police and soldiers obey their oaths to defend the Constitution and refuse to enforce the unconstitutional edicts of the "Leader." Imagine that Herr<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup>&nbsp;Hitlery is sworn in as president in 2009. After a conveniently timed “domestic terrorism” incident (just a coincidence, of course) or yet another Prozac induced mass shooting, she promptly crams a United Nations mandated, Great Britain style, total ban on the private possession of firearms through a compliant, Democratically controlled Congress.'<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Membership">Membership</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Membership" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The organization claims on its website that full membership is open to "currently serving military, reserves, National Guard, police, fire-fighters, other first responders (i.e. State Guard, Sheriff Posse/Auxiliary, Search & Rescue, EMT, other medical 1st responders, etc.) AND veterans/former members of those services," and that others who support the organization's mission can become associate members.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_7-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-auto2-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></sup>&nbsp;The organization claims to have up to 30,000 firefighters as members, though this figure has been questioned by some critics.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Racism_accusations">Racism accusations</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Racism accusations" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Protesters have accused the group of racism, especially after groups of all-white members armed with rifles congregated in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ferguson</a>&nbsp;during demonstrations related to police brutality and racial inequality.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian13815_16-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-Guardian13815-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a></sup>&nbsp;The group says its bylaws prevent potential members from joining if they have a history of bigotry or have been associated with any discriminatory organization.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[17]</a></sup>&nbsp;Mark Potok, a senior fellow at the Southern Poverty Law Center, said in an interview that the group has no history of political violence, but that, "The core ideas of these groups relate to the fear that elites in this country and around the world are slowly and steadily and nefariously moving us towards a one-world government, the so-called New World Order."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[18]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In August 2015, John Karriman, a teacher at&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Southern_State_University" title="Missouri Southern State University" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Missouri Southern State University</a>'s Police Academy and head of the Missouri chapter of the Oath Keepers used the term “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">mulatto</a>” to describe U.S. President Obama on CBC Radio’s&nbsp;<i>As It Happens</i>&nbsp;program.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[19]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">St. Louis County police officer Dan Page was relieved of duty in 2014 after pushing CNN journalist&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Lemon" title="Don Lemon" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Don Lemon</a>&nbsp;on live television in Ferguson. Subsequently a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">YouTube</a>videotaped speech was found in which he had criticized President Barack Obama, Muslims, and denounced hate crime laws while addressing an Oath Keepers meeting. The YouTube video had a disclaimer stating that Mr. Page's opinions did not reflect those of the local chapter nor of the national organization.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[20]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Activities">Activities</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Activities" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Ferguson_protests">Ferguson protests</span></font></h3><div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle" style="text-align: left; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Main article:&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ferguson unrest</a></font></div><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In late November 2014 during the unrest in&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Ferguson</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, the Oath Keepers put out a national request to its members to help in the city after the grand jury decision was released in the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown" title="Shooting of Michael Brown" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Shooting of Michael Brown</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;case. In reference to the perceived failure of the government's response to the unrest, the organization's founder, Stewart Rhodes, told the&nbsp;</span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, “We thought they were going to do it right this time, but when Monday rolled around and they didn’t park the National Guard at these businesses, that’s when we said we have got to do something."</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> On December 2, 2014, volunteer security guards associated with the Oath Keepers kept armed watch on Ferguson rooftops, ignoring a police order to stop.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[21]</a></sup></span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In August 2015, four members of the group appeared again on the streets of Ferguson, following peaceful street demonstrations on the anniversary of Brown's shooting.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian13815_16-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-Guardian13815-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC-33867245_12-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-BBC-33867245-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[24]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;According to an article in the&nbsp;</span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post" title="Washington Post" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Washington Post</a></i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"The men — all of them white and heavily armed — said they were in the area to protect someone who worked for the Web site Infowars.com, which is affiliated with talk-radio conspiracy theorist and self-described 'thought criminal against Big Brother'&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Jones_(radio_host)" title="Alex Jones (radio host)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Alex Jones</a>." The Oath Keepers claimed to be on the side of the protestors.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_25-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-auto3-25" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[25]</a></sup>&nbsp;St. Louis County Police Chief Jon Belmar told the newspaper that the Oath Keepers' "...presence was both unnecessary and inflammatory.”<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_25-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-auto3-25" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[25]</a></sup></span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The group's activities in Ferguson led to them being labeled "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigilantes" title="Vigilantes" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">vigilantes</a>" by some journalists</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[27]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Pacific_Northwest_mine_disputes">Pacific Northwest mine disputes</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pacific Northwest mine disputes" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2015 armed Oath Keepers in the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Pacific Northwest</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;attended two disputes between gold miners and federal authorities. In April they gathered in&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Oregon" title="Medford, Oregon" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Medford, Oregon</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">after the owners of the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Sugar Pine Mine</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> near&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galice,_Oregon" title="Galice, Oregon" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Galice</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;were ordered by the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Bureau of Land Management</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;(BLM) to stop working it.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_2015-04-33_28-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-Reuters_2015-04-33-28" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MailTribune_2015-04-23_29-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-MailTribune_2015-04-23-29" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[29]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;In August they patrolled the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> White Hope Mine in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_National_Forest" title="Helena National Forest" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Helena National Forest</a>, about 20 miles from&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Montana" title="Lincoln, Montana" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Lincoln, Montana</a>; the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Forest_Service" title="US Forest Service" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">US Forest Service</a>&nbsp;said the mine had engaged in illegal construction and tree-felling.</span><sup id="cite_ref-GFT_2015-08-06_30-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-GFT_2015-08-06-30" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">[</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-GFT_2015-08-06-30" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">30]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HCN_2015-08-12_31-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-HCN_2015-08-12-31" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[31]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Bundy_Ranch_standoff">Bundy Ranch standoff</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bundy Ranch standoff" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle" style="text-align: left; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Main article:&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundy_Ranch_standoff" title="Bundy Ranch standoff" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bundy Ranch standoff</a></font></div><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2014 Oath Keepers were present at the Bundy Ranch standoff, when agents of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bureau of Land Management</a>&nbsp;(BLM) seized cattle that a rancher was judged to be illegally grazing on federal land in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Clark County, Nevada" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Clark County, Nevada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_2014-04-13_32-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-Guardian_2014-04-13-32" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LVRJ_2014-04-13_33-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-LVRJ_2014-04-13-33" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[33]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Oregon_mine_owner">Oregon mine owner</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Oregon mine owner" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oath Keepers have attended protests, their members armed with&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearms" title="Firearms" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">firearms</a>&nbsp;to provide security at the request of an Oregon mine owner.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_2015-04-33_28-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-Reuters_2015-04-33-28" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[28]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Kim_Davis">Kim Davis</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kim Davis" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">On September 10, 2015, the Oath Keepers announced that they would travel to&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowan_County,_Kentucky" title="Rowan County, Kentucky" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Rowan County, Kentucky</a>&nbsp;to "protect"&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Davis_(county_clerk)" title="Kim Davis (county clerk)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Kim Davis</a>&nbsp;from federal marshals should she be held in contempt for a second time for violating a court order prohibiting her from interfering with marriage licensing in her office.<sup id="cite_ref-Rawstory_2015-09-10_34-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-Rawstory_2015-09-10-34" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[34]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Members were advised the following day that Kim Davis' legal team, acting on her behalf, had declined their offer</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. While members were still welcome to visit Rowan County, it would be in an unofficial capacity only with Kim Davis' right to the "...time honored, respectable, and honorable American tradition" of civil disobedience being acknowledged.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Rhodes20150911_35-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-Rhodes20150911-35" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>'s (SPLC) 2009 report&nbsp;<i>The Second Wave: Return of the Militias</i>, Larry Keller wrote that the Oath Keepers "may be a particularly worrisome example of the Patriot revival."<sup id="cite_ref-splc_36-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-splc-36" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[36]</a></sup>&nbsp;Keller described&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack" title="Richard Mack" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Richard Mack</a>, an Oath Keeper, as a "longtime militia hero"<sup id="cite_ref-splc_36-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-splc-36" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lat_37-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-lat-37" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[37]</a></sup>&nbsp;and quoted him as having said, "The greatest threat we face today is not&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">terrorists</a>; it is our federal government. ... One of the best and easiest solutions is to depend on local officials, especially the sheriff, to stand against federal intervention and federal criminality."<sup id="cite_ref-splc_36-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-splc-36" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[36]</a></sup>&nbsp;Mack, a former&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriff in the United States" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">sheriff</a>, responded by denying the claims, saying, "I have had no contact with any militia group and have never been a member of any militia."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-38" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-39" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[39]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2009 the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Anti-Defamation League</a>&nbsp;(ADL) wrote in a report that, "The 'orders' the Oath Keepers refuse [to obey] reveal their extreme conspiratorial mindset, because the 'orders' are not instructions ever likely to be actually handed down by Obama or his officials; instead, they are reflective of the anti-government conspiracy theories embraced by the extreme right."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-40" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[40]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Quoting the&nbsp;<i>Las Vegas Review-Journal</i>, MSNBC political commentator and former presidential candidate&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_J._Buchanan" title="Patrick J. Buchanan" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pat Buchanan</a>&nbsp;said, "Oath Keepers, depending on where one stands, are either strident defenders of liberty or dangerous peddlers of paranoia." Buchanan himself concluded that "America was once their country. They sense they are losing it."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[41]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LVRJ2009_42-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-LVRJ2009-42" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[42]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News_Radio" title="Fox News Radio" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Fox News Radio</a>&nbsp;host&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Dobbs" title="Lou Dobbs" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Lou Dobbs</a>&nbsp;spoke with founder Stewart Rhodes on his radio show in 2009 and criticized the Southern Poverty Law Center for "perpetuating the same kind of intolerance it claims to condemn."<sup id="cite_ref-LVRJ2_43-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-LVRJ2-43" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[43]</a></sup>&nbsp;On&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardball_with_Chris_Matthews" title="Hardball with Chris Matthews" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Hardball with Chris Matthews</a></i>, Matthews questioned Rhodes about his "vigilante group" and on his "strange view of the world."<sup id="cite_ref-LVRJ2_43-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-LVRJ2-43" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[43]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Midnight_Ride"><i>Midnight Ride</i></span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Midnight Ride" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Oath Keepers have sponsored a film,&nbsp;<i>Midnight Ride</i>, by filmmaker James Jaeger. The film purports to show how the "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia" title="Militia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">militia</a>&nbsp;system" could maintain "constitutional order" if the United States were hypothetically under martial law. According to Jaeger, the film is inspired by lawyer and Oath Keepers member Edwin Vieira's book,&nbsp;<i>By Tyranny Out of Necessity: The Bastardy of Martial Law</i>, and will feature interviews with politician&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ron Paul</a>, writer and conspiracy theorist&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Edward_Griffin" title="G. Edward Griffin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">G. Edward Griffin</a>, Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes, former sheriff of Graham County, Arizona,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack" title="Richard Mack" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Richard Mack</a>, and Oath Keepers national Chaplain&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Chuck Baldwin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-44" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[44]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jaeger has been criticised as&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">anti-Semitic</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;by the editor of&nbsp;</span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_Interest" title="The American Interest" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The American Interest</a></i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;magazine,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Garfinkle" title="Adam Garfinkle" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Adam Garfinkle</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-45" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[45]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Jaeger's websites feature a number of antisemitic articles, including, "Who rules America"</span><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-46" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[46]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and, "Stunning Jewish Success Dominates American Media".</span><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-47" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[47]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Jaeger has accused&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Mossad</a>&nbsp;and Israel of being behind 9/11</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_note-48" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[48]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><table class="infobox vcard" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-spacing: 3px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.2em; clear: right; line-height: 1.5em; width: 22em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.6em;"><div style="padding: 0.1em 0px; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Board&nbsp;of directors</font></a></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stewart Rhodes, Michele Imburgia, Rex H. McTyeire,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack" title="Richard Mack" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Richard Mack</a>, John D. Shirley, Steven C. Homan, Jim Ayala, Jay Stang</font></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 33em; list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Sakuma, Amanda; Rayford, Bradley J (11 August 2015).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/oath-keepers-armed-guns-roam-streets-ferguson" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"‘Oath Keepers’ armed with guns roam streets of Ferguson"</a>. MSNBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">7 September</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.&nbsp;<q apos="apos">With their hands resting casually on the assault rifles strapped across their chests, the men formed a diamond around their subjects, surveying the area in search of a threat.</q></cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Duara, Nigel.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-oath-keepers-20150811-story.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"<span style="padding-left: 0.2em;">'</span>Oath Keepers' with rifles roam among Ferguson protesters, raising concerns"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 11 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">31 August</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.&nbsp;<q apos="apos">As protests in Ferguson continued on a sweat-soaked Missouri night, at least three men openly carrying assault rifles approached the south end of West Florissant Avenue -- and began to attract a crowd themselves.</q></cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">McCoy, Terrence. "The Oath Keepers: The Little-known Militia Now Roaming the Streets of Ferguson." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 1 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/12/01/the-oath-keepers-the-militant-militia-now-roaming-the-streets-of-ferguson/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">The Washington Post</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-auto1-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-auto1_4-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-auto1_4-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Dearden, Lizzie. "Oath Keepers: Who Are White Militia at Ferguson Protests and Why Are They Allowed to Carry Guns?." The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 11 Aug. 2015. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/oath-keepers-at-ferguson-protests-who-are-they-and-why-are-they-allowed-to-carry-guns-10449395.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">The Independent</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Salon-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Salon_5-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Salon_5-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Tesfaye, Sophia (22 August 2015).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2015/08/11/far_right_extremists_patrol_ferguson_oath_keepers_militiamen_descend_on_city/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Far-right extremists patrol Ferguson: Oath Keepers militiamen descend on city"</a>. Salon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">14 August</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Tribune-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Tribune_6-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Tribune_6-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-ferguson-oath-keepers-armed-militia-20150811-story.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Return of armed militia group Oath Keepers to Ferguson raises concern"</a>. Chicago Tribune. August 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">August 14,</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-auto2-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">^&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-auto2_7-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up to:</a></span><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large; user-select: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-auto2_7-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-auto2_7-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text" style="font-size: large;">Oath Keepers Official Website&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oathkeepers.org/oktester/about/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"About Oath Keepers"</a>, Retrieved on 13 August 2015.</span></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-cnn1-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-cnn1_8-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-cnn1_8-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Acosta, Jim (November 18, 2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/us/2009/11/18/am.acosta.militia.oathkeepers.cnn" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Who are the Oathkeepers"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN" title="CNN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 18,</span>&nbsp;2009</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-sos1-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-sos1_9-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-sos1_9-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sos.state.nv.us/sosentitysearch/CorpDetails.aspx?lx8nvq=s8EtUq7rLzqNBvRDF%252b%252fglQ%253d%253d&nt7=0" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Incorporation Information for the Oath Keepers, Inc."</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Secretary_of_State" title="Nevada Secretary of State" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nevada Secretary of State</a></i>. E0559982009-3 (State of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nevada</a>). October 22, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 18,</span>&nbsp;2009</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-LVRJ-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-LVRJ_10-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-LVRJ_10-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Maimon, Alan (October 18, 2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lvrj.com/news/oath-keepers-pledges-to-prevent-dictatorship-in-united-states-64690232.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Ready To Revolt: Oath Keepers pledges to prevent dictatorship in United States"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal" title="Las Vegas Review-Journal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Las Vegas Review-Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 24,</span>&nbsp;2009</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/294380213?access_key=key-p3YkSJOqWCiyQwkQ3BYX&allow_share=true&escape=false&view_mode=scroll" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Scribd.com</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-BBC-33867245-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">^&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-BBC-33867245_12-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up to:</a></span><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large; user-select: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-BBC-33867245_12-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-BBC-33867245_12-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text" style="font-size: large;"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Fowler, Sarah (12 August 2015).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33867245" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Ferguson unrest: Who are the mysterious 'Oath Keepers'?"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">13 August</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">"Herr" is German for "Mr.", indicating a male person. The proper German word for "Mrs." (Clinton) is "Frau".</span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-14" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Rhodes, Stewart. "Just Following Orders." S.W.A.T. Magazine Apr. 2008. Web. 20 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oath-keepers.blogspot.com/2009/05/keeping-your-oath-not-just-following.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Oath-keepers.blogspot.com</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-15" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Fowler, Sarah. "Ferguson Unrest: Who Are the Mysterious 'Oath Keepers'? - BBC News." BBC News. BBC, 12 Aug. 2015. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33867245" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">BBC</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Guardian13815-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">^&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Guardian13815_16-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up to:</a></span><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large; user-select: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Guardian13815_16-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Guardian13815_16-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text" style="font-size: large;">Laughland, Oliver, Jon Swaine, and Joanna Walters. "White Militiamen Roam Ferguson with Rifles While Black Men Wrongly Arrested." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited, 12 Aug. 2015. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/aug/11/oath-keepers-ferguson-automatic-rifles" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">The Guardian</a></span></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-17" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Oath Keepers Official Website - Bylaws&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oathkeepers.org/oktester/bylaws/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"BYLAWS OF OATH KEEPERS, Article VIII 8.02b"</a>, Retrieved on 13 August 2015.</span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-18" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Wang, Hansi Lo. "Oath Keepers Say They're Defending Ferguson; Others Say They're Not Helping." NPR. NPR, 12 Aug. 2015. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/08/12/431978076/oath-keepers-say-theyre-defending-ferguson-others-say-theyre-not-helping" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">NPR</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-19" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Bambury, Brent.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/episode-246-oath-keepers-in-ferguson-exonorating-ethel-rosenberg-digitally-faking-death-and-more-1.3189944/an-oath-keeper-on-guns-race-and-ferguson-1.3189972" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"An Oath Keeper on guns, race and Ferguson"</a>.&nbsp;<i>CBC Radio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">11 September</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-20" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">McLaughlin, Michael. "St. Louis County Police Officer Dan Page Suspended Following Inflammatory Video." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 22 Aug. 2014. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/22/dan-page-st-louis-police-officer_n_5702000.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">The Huffington Post</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-21" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Bogan, Jesse (December 2, 2014). "'Oath Keepers' are back on the rooftops in Ferguson despite St. Louis County ordinance". St Louis Today. Retrieved 13 August 2015</span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-22" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rt.com/usa/312178-ferguson-oath-keepers-patrols/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Heavily-armed white men patrol Ferguson, 'ready to confront authorities to defend US Constitution<span style="padding-right: 0.2em;">'</span>"</a>.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">RT (TV network)</a>. 2015-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-23" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/us/heavily-armed-oath-keepers-inject-new-unease-in-ferguson-1.2313480" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Heavily armed 'Oath Keepers' inject new unease in Ferguson"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Times" title="Irish Times" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Irish Times</a></i>. 2015-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-24" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/08/11/oath-keepers-arrival-at-ferguson-protest-inflammatory-top-cop-says/?intcmp=hpbt2" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Oath Keepers arrival at Ferguson protest 'inflammatory,' top cop says"</a>. Fox News. August 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">August 11,</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-auto3-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">^&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-auto3_25-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up to:</a></span><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large; user-select: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-auto3_25-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-auto3_25-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text" style="font-size: large;"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Larimer, Sarah; Phillip, Abby (11 August 2015).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/08/11/who-are-the-oath-keepers-and-why-has-the-armed-group-returned-to-ferguson/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Who are the Oath Keepers, and why has the armed group returned to Ferguson?"</a>.&nbsp;<i>The Washington Post</i>. Washington Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">13 August</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-26" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Annabel Grossman (December 1, 2014).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2855736/Ferguson-police-shut-armed-Oath-Keeper-vigilantes-guarding-rooftops.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Ferguson police shut down armed 'Oath Keeper' vigilantes guarding rooftops of besieged town"</a>.&nbsp;<i>The Daily Mail</i>&nbsp;(London).</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-27" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Paul Vale (December 1, 2014).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/12/01/vigilante-oath-keepers-offering-security-told-to-stand-down-by-ferguson-police_n_6248708.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Vigilante 'Oath Keepers' Offering Free Security In Ferguson Told To Stand Down By St. Louis Police"</a>.&nbsp;<i>Huffington Post</i>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Reuters_2015-04-33-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">^&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Reuters_2015-04-33_28-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up to:</a></span><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large; user-select: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Reuters_2015-04-33_28-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Reuters_2015-04-33_28-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text" style="font-size: large;"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Urquhart, By Jim (23 April 2015).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/24/us-usa-miners-oregon-idUSKBN0NE16020150424" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Oregon mine that summoned armed guards in land dispute files appeal"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2015-08-13</span></span>.</cite></span></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-MailTribune_2015-04-23-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-MailTribune_2015-04-23_29-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-MailTribune_2015-04-23_29-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Moriarty, Thomas (23 April 2015).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mailtribune.com/article/20150423/NEWS/150429776" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Armed protesters gather at Medford BLM office over Sugar Pine Mine dispute"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_Tribune" title="Mail Tribune" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mail Tribune</a></i>.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Media_Group" title="Local Media Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Local Media Group</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2015-08-13</span></span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-GFT_2015-08-06-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-GFT_2015-08-06_30-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-GFT_2015-08-06_30-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Puckett, Karl (6 August 2015).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatfallstribune.com/story/news/2015/08/07/armed-constitutional-advocates-descend-lincoln-mine/31213175/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Constitution advocates issue cease, desist order at mine"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Falls_Tribune" title="Great Falls Tribune" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Great Falls Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2015-08-13</span></span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-HCN_2015-08-12-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-HCN_2015-08-12_31-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-HCN_2015-08-12_31-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Swearingen, Marshall (12 August 2015).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hcn.org/articles/dispatch-from-oath-keepers-security-op-in-montana" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Dispatch from White Hope Mine dispute in Montana"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Country_News" title="High Country News" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">High Country News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2015-08-13</span></span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Guardian_2014-04-13-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Guardian_2014-04-13_32-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Guardian_2014-04-13_32-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Henandez, Daniel (April 3, 2014).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/13/nevada-bundy-cattle-ranch-armed-protesters" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Federal rangers face off against armed protesters in Nevada 'range war<span style="padding-right: 0.2em;">'</span>"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">Aug 13,</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-LVRJ_2014-04-13-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-LVRJ_2014-04-13_33-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-LVRJ_2014-04-13_33-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Botkin, Ben (13 April 2014).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reviewjournal.com/news/nevada/bundy-ranch-dispute-federal-land-agency-draws-variety-foot-soldiers" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Bundy ranch dispute with federal land agency draws variety of foot soldiers"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal" title="Las Vegas Review-Journal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Las Vegas Review-Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2015-08-13</span></span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Rawstory_2015-09-10-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Rawstory_2015-09-10_34-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Rawstory_2015-09-10_34-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Badash, David (September 10, 2015).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/davidbadash/kim_davis_won_t_be_arrested_again_promises_patriot_militia_group_that_waged_cliven_bundy_standoff" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Kim Davis wont be arrested again promise patriot militia group"</a>. thenewcivilrightsmovement.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 13,</span>2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Rhodes20150911-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Rhodes20150911_35-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-Rhodes20150911_35-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oathkeepers.org/oktester/kim-davis-legal-team-declines-oath-keepers-offer-to-protect-her-against-unlawul-arrrest/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Kim Davis’ Legal Team Declines Oath Keepers’ Offer to Protect Her Against Unlawul Arrrest (sic)"</a>. 9 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">12 September</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-splc-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">^&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-splc_36-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up to:</a></span><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large; user-select: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-splc_36-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-splc_36-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-splc_36-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text" style="font-size: large;"><cite class="citation journal" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Keller, Larry (August 2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/publications/splc-report-return-of-the-militias" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"The Second Wave: Return of the Militias"</a>.&nbsp;<i>A Special Report from the Southern Poverty Law Center</i>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montgomery, Alabama</a>): 5–10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 12,</span>&nbsp;2013</span>.</cite></span></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-lat-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-lat_37-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-lat_37-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Fausset, Richard (September 18, 2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-oath-keepers18-2009sep18,0,6253659,full.story" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Oath Keepers organizer sees need to sound an alarm"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 2,</span>&nbsp;2009</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-38" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oathkeepers.org/oath/2009/08/14/sheriff-richard-mack-ret-responds-to-southern-poverty-law-center-smear-attack-on-oath-keepers-and-on-sheriff-mack/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Sheriff Richard Mack (RET) Responds to Southern Poverty Law Center Smear Attack on Oath Keepers and on Sheriff Mack"</a>&nbsp;(Press release). Oath Keepers. August 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 3,</span>&nbsp;2009</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-39" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Johnson, Jon (September 2, 2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eacourier.com/articles/2009/09/03/news/doc4a9dc7f4de6b2834182643.txt" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Local man appears on Internet news show"</a>.&nbsp;<i>Eastern Arizona Courier</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 3,</span>&nbsp;2009</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-40" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">"Rage Grows in America: Anti‑Government Conspiracies." ADL Special Reports: Rage Grows in America: Anti-Government Conspiracies. N.p., 16 Nov. 2009. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.adl.org/special_reports/rage-grows-in-america/oath-keepers.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Adl.org</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-41" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-41" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Patrick J. Buchanan (October 20, 2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buchanan.org/blog/alienated-radicalized-2641" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Alienated and Radicalized"</a>.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">MSNBC</a>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-LVRJ2009-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-LVRJ2009_42-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-LVRJ2009_42-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Maimon, Alan (18 October 2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reviewjournal.com/news/oath-keepers-pledges-prevent-dictatorship-united-states" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Oath Keepers pledges to prevent dictatorship in United States"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal" title="Las Vegas Review-Journal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Las Vegas Review-Journal</a></i>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="Las Vegas, Nevada" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Las Vegas, Nevada</a>:&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Media_(newspapers)" title="Stephens Media (newspapers)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Stephens Media LLC</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">4 July</span>&nbsp;2014</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-LVRJ2-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">^&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-LVRJ2_43-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up to:</a></span><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large; user-select: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-LVRJ2_43-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-LVRJ2_43-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text" style="font-size: large;"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Maimon, Alan (October 25, 2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lvrj.com/news/oath-keepers-speak-out-at-inaugural-conference-65931467.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Ready To Defend: Oath Keepers speak out at inaugural conference"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal" title="Las Vegas Review-Journal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Las Vegas Review-Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 25,</span>&nbsp;2009</span>.</cite></span></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-44" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-44" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Alias, Elias.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oathkeepers.org/oktester/midnight-ride-the-movie-update-from-james-jaeger/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"MIDNIGHT RIDE, The Movie: Update From James Jaeger"</a>.<i>Oathkeepers.org</i>. Oathkeepers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">13 August</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-45" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Garfinkle, Adam (2009).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MyEJJjQyvTkC&pg=PA137&dq=%22James+Jaeger%22+jews&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAGoVChMIgpusjc6lxwIVQzoaCh1dwQJc#v=onepage&q=%22James%20Jaeger%22%20jews&f=false" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><i>Jewcentricity: Why the Jews are Praised, Blamed, and Used to Explain Just About Everything</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p.&nbsp;137.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0470198568" title="Special:BookSources/978-0470198568" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">978-0470198568</a>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-46" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-46" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-46" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Havibakhshi, S.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaegerresearchinstitute.org/articles/rules.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Who Rules America?"</a>.&nbsp;<i>Jaeger Research Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">13 August</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-47" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-47" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Blankfort, Jeffrey.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaegerresearchinstitute.org/articles/stunning.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Stunning Jewish Success Dominates American Media"</a>.<i>Jaeger Research Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">13 August</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-48" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-48" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#cite_ref-48" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Jaeger, James.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaegerresearchinstitute.org/articles/9-11project.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"THE TERRORIST ATTACKS Was 9/11 a False Flag Operation?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">13 August</span>&nbsp;2015</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li></ol></div><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath_Keepers&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radley_Balko" title="Radley Balko" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Balko, Radley</a>&nbsp;(May 2011).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/archives/2011/04/11/constitutional-refuseniks" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Constitutional Refuseniks"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Reason</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOath+Keepers&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Refuseniks&rft.aufirst=Radley&rft.aulast=Balko&rft.date=2011-05&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2Farchives%2F2011%2F04%2F11%2Fconstitutional-refuseniks&rft.jtitle=Reason&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></font></li><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/news/investigations/no-sheriff-town-some-lawmen-refuse-enforce-federal-gun-laws-n185426" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">'No' Sheriff in Town: Some Lawmen Refuse to Enforce Federal Gun Laws</font></a></li></ul><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oathkeepers.org/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Official website</font></a></span></span></li><li style="text-align: left; 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padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 17.92px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks" style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Categories</a>:&nbsp;</font><ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Conservatism in the United States</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Islamophobia in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Islamophobia in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Far-right_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Far-right politics in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Far-right politics in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Non-profit_organizations_based_in_Nevada" title="Category:Non-profit organizations based in Nevada" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Non-profit organizations based in Nevada</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_established_in_2009" title="Category:Organizations established in 2009" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Organizations established in 2009</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Political_organizations_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Political organizations in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Political organizations in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Militia_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Militia in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Militia in the United States</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">wiki</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 17.92px;" lang="en"><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Richard Ivan Mack</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;is the former sheriff of&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_County,_Arizona" title="Graham County, Arizona" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Graham County, Arizona</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and is best known for his role in a lawsuit brought against the federal government of the United States which alleged that portions of the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_Handgun_Violence_Prevention_Act" title="Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;violated the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States Constitution</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. He is a former lobbyist for&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Gun Owners of America</a>&nbsp;(GOA) and a two-time candidate for&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States Congress</a>. Mack is also the founder of Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association (CSPOA), and established the "County Sheriff Project" movement, both of whom claim the power to refuse to enforce federal laws.</span><sup id="cite_ref-NEWS21_1-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-NEWS21-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New 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size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h2>&nbsp;<span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none;">&nbsp;[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#Mack_v._United_States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;"><i>Mack v. United States</i></span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#Political_views" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Political views</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#Oath_Keepers_and_Constitutional_Sheriffs_and_Peace_Officers_Association" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Oath Keepers and Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#Campaigns_for_Congress" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.2</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Campaigns for Congress</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#Campaign_for_Navajo_County_.28Arizona.29_Sheriff_2016" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.3</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Campaign for Navajo County (Arizona) Sheriff 2016</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#Law_enforcement_career" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Law enforcement career</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#Personal_life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Personal life</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#Bibliography" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Bibliography</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mack_v._United_States"><i>Mack v. United States</i></span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mack&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Mack v. United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mack served as Graham County Sheriff from 1988 to 1996. In 1994 he was recruited by the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">National Rifle Association</a>&nbsp;as a plaintiff in one of nine lawsuits against the Clinton administration over the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_Handgun_Violence_Prevention_Act" title="Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act</a>.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>Mack v. United States</i>&nbsp;(later restyled to&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printz_v._United_States" title="Printz v. United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Printz v. United States</a></i>), a lawsuit against the federal government which alleged that portions of the Act violated the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United States Constitution</a>, because they comprised a congressional action that compelled state officers to execute Federal law.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup>&nbsp;These portions were interim provisions until a national instant background check system for gun purchasers could be implemented. In a 5–4 decision, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Supreme Court</a>&nbsp;ruled that the provisions of the Brady Act in question were, in fact, unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_views">Political views</span></font></h2><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mack is involved in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">patriot movement</a>&nbsp;through his role in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Oath Keepers</a>&nbsp;organization and as founder of the Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association (CSPOA).<sup id="cite_ref-NEWS21_1-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-NEWS21-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup>&nbsp;In 2009, Mack appeared in interviews on a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-access_television" title="Public-access television" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">cable public access</a>&nbsp;show<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a></sup>&nbsp;and a one-person website,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a></sup>&nbsp;in which he discussed his membership in<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Oath Keepers</a>, and the importance of police officers and members of the military upholding their oaths to the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">U.S. Constitution</a>.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mack opposes all gun control laws, telling the program&nbsp;</span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">News21</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, "I studied what the Founding Fathers meant about the Second Amendment, the right to keep and bear arms, and the conclusion is inescapable. There's no way around it.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Gun control in America is against the law</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">."</span><sup id="cite_ref-NEWS21_1-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-NEWS21-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mack is also an opponent of the Affordable Care Act (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Obamacare</a>), writing on his website, “The States do not have to take or support or pay for Obamacare or anything else from Washington DC. The States are not subject to federal direction.”</font></p><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Oath_Keepers_and_Constitutional_Sheriffs_and_Peace_Officers_Association">Oath Keepers and Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mack&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Oath Keepers and Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2011 Mack founded the Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association (CSPOA). The organization has a mission similar to Oath Keepers, encouraging members to refuse to enforce laws that they believe are unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-NEWS21_1-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-NEWS21-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Mack is also on the board of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Oath Keepers</a>,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> a far-right&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">patriot organisation</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;known for its controversial presence during the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Ferguson unrest</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and for supporting&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundy_standoff" title="Bundy standoff" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Cliven Bundy</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;in his standoff against the federal government. In April, 2014, Mack asserted that as part of the citizen response to the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundy_standoff" title="Bundy standoff" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Bundy standoff</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;that the Oath Keepers were "...actually strategizing to put all the women up at the front. If they're gonna start shooting, it's going to be women that are gonna be televised all across the world getting shot by these rogue federal officers."&nbsp;</span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>&nbsp;included both CSPOA and Oath Keepers on its list of 1,096 anti-government "patriot" groups active in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-NEWS21_1-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-NEWS21-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup>&nbsp;Mack announced in 2011 that he was initiating a lawsuit against the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>&nbsp;for libel, slander, and defamation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Campaigns_for_Congress">Campaigns for Congress</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mack&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Campaigns for Congress" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mack ran as a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Libertarian</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona,_2006" title="United States Senate election in Arizona, 2006" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">candidate for United States Senate in Arizona in 2006</a>&nbsp;against incumbent&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Kyl" title="Jon Kyl" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jon Kyl</a>, a Republican, but finished in the general election with 3% of the votes.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2012, Mack opposed 13-term Representative&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_S._Smith" title="Lamar S. Smith" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Lamar Smith</a>, who introduced and sponsored the controversial&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act" title="Stop Online Piracy Act" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Stop Online Piracy Act</a>&nbsp;legislation, in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2012" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2012" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">House election</a>Republican primary for Texas's 21st Congressional district. The primary was held on May 29. Mack lost, receiving 14.78% (10,111) of the votes.</font></p><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Campaign_for_Navajo_County_.28Arizona.29_Sheriff_2016">Campaign for Navajo County (Arizona) Sheriff 2016</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mack&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Campaign for Navajo County (Arizona) Sheriff 2016" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On December 13, 2014, Mack announced his candidacy for Navajo County Sheriff. In his announcement, he said, “We’re gonna make it a constitutional county and show everybody the blueprint for freedom. And there’s a lot more people running for other offices than me. I just said I’d run for sheriff. We’re going to give this one more try. The election is in 2016. I’m going to be moving there in spring of 2015 so I can start getting ready for this. You have about a year and a half to decide. And I’m dead serious about this. If I can move there, so can you.”<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Law_enforcement_career">Law enforcement career</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mack&action=edit&section=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Law enforcement career" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mack spent eleven years with the police department of&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provo,_Utah" title="Provo, Utah" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Provo, Utah</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and then moved back to Arizona to run for Graham County Sheriff in 1988. While serving as sheriff, he attended the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_National_Academy" title="FBI National Academy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">FBI National Academy</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and graduated in 1992. In 1994, he was named Elected Official of the Year by the Arizona-New Mexico Coalition of Counties. He was also </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">named the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">National Rifle Association</a>&nbsp;Law Enforcement Officer of the Year for 1994, and was inducted into the NRA Hall of Fame</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_14-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-autogenerated1-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mack&action=edit&section=7&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Personal life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mack was born in 1952<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a></sup>&nbsp;in Arizona.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_14-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-autogenerated1-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a></sup>&nbsp;He is a member of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>&nbsp;and attended&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Brigham Young University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a></sup></font></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In January 2015 he suffered a heart attack and his wife became ill in late 2014. Mack claims that because he and his wife are self-employed they do not have insurance to pay for their medical bills. As a result, friends of the Macks have started a&nbsp;<b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_Fund_Me" title="Go Fund Me" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Go Fund Me</a>&nbsp;</b>site on their behalf, asking others to donate money to pay for their medical expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[17]</a></sup>&nbsp;The CSPOA is helping to fund raise for the Macks’ medical expenses.</font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mack&action=edit&section=8&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Bibliography" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mack has authored several books relating to gun laws, ownership and the role that law enforcement should play in America.</font></p><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The County Sheriff America's Last Hope</font></i></li><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Proper Role of Law Enforcement</font></i></li><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>From My Cold Dead Fingers: Why America Needs Guns</i>&nbsp;with Timothy Robert Walters (1994)</font></li><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>THE NAKED SPY: His Mission Began the Day He Died</i>&nbsp;(2005)</font></li><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>The MAGIC of Gun Control</i>&nbsp;(2011)</font></li></ul><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mack&action=edit&section=9&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-NEWS21-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">^&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-NEWS21_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up to:</a></span><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large; user-select: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-NEWS21_1-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-NEWS21_1-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-NEWS21_1-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-NEWS21_1-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-NEWS21_1-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text" style="font-size: large;">Chertock, Marlena, Emilie Eaton, Jacy Marmaduke, and Sydney Stavinoha. "'No' Sheriff in Town: Some Lawmen Refuse to Enforce Federal Gun Laws." NEWS21. NBC News, 21 Aug. 2014. Web. 14 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/news/investigations/no-sheriff-town-some-lawmen-refuse-enforce-federal-gun-laws-n185426" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">NBC News</a></span></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">"Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997)." Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997). N.p., 27 June 1997. Web. 14 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/95-1478.ZO.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Law.cornell.edu</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/521/898/case.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"<i>Printz v. United States</i>"</a>.&nbsp;<i>Justia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">August 31,</span>&nbsp;2012</span>.</cite></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tU8M7MHMwgQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><span class="plainlinks">TV interview with Richard Mack</span></a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">YouTube</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.big3news.net/about-us/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">About Us</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDncD24hN9M" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><span class="plainlinks">Big3 News Part 1 with Richard Mack</span></a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">YouTube</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kv0npfTxo10" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><span class="plainlinks">Big3 News Part 2 with Richard Mack</span></a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">YouTube</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=io3tdeIduHo" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><span class="plainlinks">Big3 News Part 3 with Richard Mack</span></a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">YouTube</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfQ2pmkOxT4" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><span class="plainlinks">Big3 News Part 4 with Richard Mack</span></a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">YouTube</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWCkvft5lsQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><span class="plainlinks">Big3 News Part 5 with Richard Mack</span></a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">YouTube</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZd61_9hofE" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Fox News, April 14, 2014</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/9948-sheriff-mack-announces-lawsuit-against-splc-run-for-congress" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Sheriff Mack Announces Lawsuit Against SPLC, Run for Congress</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">"Richard Mack Announces Plan for 'Constitutional' Takeover of Arizona's Navajo County." YouTube. YouTube, 16 Dec. 2014. Web. 14 Aug. 2015.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSxrJxQhLbs" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">YouTube</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">^&nbsp;</span></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-autogenerated1_14-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up to:</a></span><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><sup style="text-decoration: none; background: none; line-height: 1;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large; user-select: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-autogenerated1_14-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-autogenerated1_14-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text" style="font-size: large;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sheriffmackforcongress.com/biography/" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Sheriffmackforcongress.com</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span title="&nbsp;since August 2012">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></sup></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-15" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Date information sourced from Library of Congress Authorities data, via corresponding&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">WorldCat</a>&nbsp;Identities&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://errol.oclc.org/laf/n+95010913.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">linked authority file (LAF)</a>&nbsp;.</span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-16" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2012/winter/resurrection" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Splcenter.org</a></span></b></div></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="text-decoration: none; background: none; text-align: left; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-17" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jump up</a></span></b><div style="text-align: left; text-decoration: none; background: none;"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mack#cite_ref-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^</a></b></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/sheriff-mack-gofundme-medical-bills" style="text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Talkingpointsmemo.com</a></span></b></div></span></font></li></ol></div><h2 style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mack&action=edit&section=10&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="noprint portal tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><table style="line-height: 13.09px; max-width: 175px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align: middle;"><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_vip.svg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><img alt="Portal icon" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="28" height="28" /></font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Biography portal</font></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheriffmack.com/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Richard Mack's official website</font></a></li><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardmack" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Appearances</a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">C-SPAN</a></font></li><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Sheriff-Mack-For-Congress/278788152175385" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Sheriff Mack For Congress</a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Facebook</a></font></li><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/sheriffmack2012" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Sheriff Mack</a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Twitter</a></font></li><li style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://egbertowillies.com/2015/02/28/anti-obamacare-ex-sheriff-richard-mack-begging/#.VPLr4CFKGM4.facebook" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Sherrif Mack health issues</font></a></li></ul></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 17.92px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks" style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Categories</a>:&nbsp;</font><ul style="list-style: 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sheriffs</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Living people</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1952_births" title="Category:1952 births" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1952 births</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Arizona_Libertarians" title="Category:Arizona Libertarians" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Arizona Libertarians</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_from_Graham_County,_Arizona" title="Category:People from Graham County, Arizona" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">People from Graham County, Arizona</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_Latter_Day_Saints" title="Category:American Latter Day Saints" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">American Latter Day Saints</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Texas_Republicans" title="Category:Texas Republicans" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Texas Republicans</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font 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New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www<b>.rawstory.</b>com/<b>2015</b>/02/inside-the-bizarre-paranoid-world-of-the-right-wing-oath-keepers/</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">... official Oath Keepers membership card is in my outstretched hand. With great power comes great responsibility: my duty is to uphold the Constitution of the United States of America. No compromise. I’m now a member of a controversial conservative group whose members make Ted Nugent look like a bleeding-heart Rachel Maddow. Our mission is to keep the government accountable. Just remember: Not on my watch.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Let’s rewind: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The scene was<b> Ferguson, Missouri.</b> When riots broke out over the August shooting death of Michael Brown, armed members of the Oath Keepers took to the city’s rooftops, appearing out of the smoke and shattered glass of ransacked buildings. Their supposed duty was to secure the local businesses from looting. In the first days of the protests, demonstrators had broken out windows of storefronts, set arson fires, and torched a beauty supply store. <b>ABC News reported that a number of business owners embraced the Oath Keepers’ armed presence. Group members boarded up storefronts and kept buckets of water and fire extinguishers handy in case nearby arson attacks escalated. This was the vigilante group’s moment in the media sun.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Still, rumors flew. Some protestors thought the armed men in camouflaged fatigues were members of the Ku Klux Klan. The St. Louis County police ordered the Oath Keepers to leave the rooftops of Ferguson, threatening them with arrest for acting as a security force without a license. This only added fuel to the right-wing group’s conspiracy that the government is not protecting its people.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> The volunteer security force packed up and left Ferguson</span>, leaving people wondering exactly who these heavily armed mystery men were.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">2014 Was Quite a Year for the Oath Keepers</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The Oath Keepers made one of their first appearances in the national news last April, when more than 100 members headed to the Nevada desert to support rancher Cliven Bundy. Their mission was to assist with an armed standoff against agents from the federal Bureau of Land Management, who were attempting to seize cattle Bundy had been illegally grazing on federal land. No shots were fired during the standoff, though it is virtually unparalleled in modern history to have armed American citizens using the threat of gunfire to force federal officers to back down. Controversy redux: Critics were concerned that the government’s decision to withdraw in the face of armed resistance emboldens militia groups and sets a dangerous precedent. It didn’t help matters that Bundy went on a racist rant about African Americans during a New York Times interview, tarnishing his image. It seems that the anti-government movement always attracts a few bad eggs.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;Who the Hell Are These Guys?</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The Oath Keepers were founded in 2009 by Stewart Rhodes, a Yale-educated attorney, ex-army paratrooper and<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> former staffer of Congressman Ron Paul</span>. The “non-partisan,” yet libertarian-leaning organization<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> claims to have active chapters in all 50 states, as well as an estimated 40,000 members—which, if true, would make the group one of the fastest growing far-right organizations in the world.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">What separates the Oath Keepers from, say, the radical Michigan Militia and their well-armed members? <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The Oath Keepers’ core membership is comprised of active duty and retired police officers, firefighters, EMTs, and military personnel</span>. On paper, this sounds like a no-nonsense bunch.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">“It’s ridiculous to disarm the people and tell them they have to rely on the police when the police cannot possibly protect you in some of these circumstances,” Rhodes has stated. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“The United States is on the fast track to economic ruin and Americans need to learn to protect themselves because the government soon won’t be able to</span>.” The Oath Keepers founder cites the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina as a warning. He fears a future where martial law will be instigated during future disasters and every <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">American will be placed in a 24/7 government-run <b>FEMA camp</b>.</span> But not on their watch! The Oath Keepers adhere to a strict originalist interpretation of the Constitution and swear to fight back against overly militarized police and unconstitutional acts by the government. (Cue Nazi government comparison.)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">“The whole point of the Oath Keepers is to stop a dictatorship from ever happening here,” Rhodes said. “My focus is on the guys with the guns, because they can’t do it without them. We say if the American people decide it’s time for a revolution, we’ll fight with you.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Oren Segal, director of the Anti-Defamation League Center on Extremism, sees the Oath Keepers as a radical anti-government group. In his words: “When you believe that you have to arm yourself in order to protect the people from the government, and you’re such a loosely organized group that anybody can join you, that’s a combination that can potentially create violent incidents in the future.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Example of guilt by association: In 2013, Oath Keeper and former Giberton, PA police chief Mark Kessler formed a paramilitary militia group called the Constitutional Security Force to fight against proposed gun control legislation. Kessler posted a profanity-laced video that went viral: “Fuck all you libtards out there,” a heavily armed Kessler screams. In another video, Kessler calls Secretary of State Kerry a piece of shit: “Come and take it, motherfuckers!” he cries before blasting off an assault rifle. (Police Chief Kessler was soon fired.)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">What a PR nightmare. This was clearly not what the Yale-educated Rhodes envisioned for his group. The Oath Keepers quickly tried to distance themselves from America’s scariest police chief, insisting that one bad assault-weapon-toting lunatic did not reflect their entire group.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Thanks to incidents like this, surely the Oath Keepers must now have some sort of screening process to keep out the racists, radicals, Mark Kesslers and lone wolves—those who might give respectable members a bad name. It was time for me to become a member of the Oath Keepers and find out.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Time to Join</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The Oath Keeper raison d’etre can be found on their website, under “Orders We Will NOT Obey”:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">We will NOT obey any order to disarm the American people.</div><div style="text-align: left;">We will NOT obey orders to invade and subjugate any state that asserts its sovereignty and declares the national government to be in violation of the compact by which that state entered the Union.</div><div style="text-align: left;">We will NOT obey any order to blockade American cities, thus turning them into giant concentration camps.</div><div style="text-align: left;">We will NOT obey any order to force American citizens into any form of detention camps under any pretext.</div><div style="text-align: left;">We will NOT obey orders to assist or support the use of any <b>foreign troops</b> on U.S. soil against the American people to “keep the peace” or to “maintain control” during any emergency, or under any other pretext. We will consider such use of foreign troops against our people to be an invasion and an act of war.</div><div style="text-align: left;">While this sounds like fodder for conspiracy theorists, the Oath Keepers see themselves as freedom’s last defenders, standing up for the Constitution and American liberties.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I follow the banner link that reads, “Join the Fight to Defend the Constitution,” which takes me to the Oath Keeper membership page. It features images of soldiers from the Revolutionary War along with the mission statement: “Guardians of the Republic. Honor your oath. Join us.” And their catchphrase: “Not on our watch.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">My Oath Keeper-joining parade is rained upon: “Full membership is open to currently serving military, reserves, National Guard, police, fire-fighters, other first responders (i.e. State Guard, Sheriff Posse/Auxilliary, Search & Rescue, EMT, other medical 1st responders, etc.) AND veterans/former members of those services. Those who are not current or prior service can join as an Associate Member—as a citizen who supports our mission.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">So that’s how they filter out the crazed extremists; the Oath Keepers have a stringent process for full membership that keeps out imposters. But I want to dig deeper, not just be a “citizen member.” Why be a tourist when you can be a local? What if I lie on my membership application, create a pseudonym, and simply fabricate a background in law enforcement to become a full member? But since full members of the Oath Keepers are comprised of current and former law enforcement and military, surely they must conduct some sort of background check to sift out imposters (like myself, extremists and racists)?</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Along with my fake name and background, I add to my application vague rhetoric they might enjoy hearing: “The greatest threat we face today is not terrorists; it is our federal government.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Can you be prosecuted for lying on an Oath Keeper membership application? Let’s hope not.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I PayPal the Oath Keepers $40 of my cold hard American cash for a one-year full membership. Other price plans include $1,000 for a lifetime membership (payable in $50 monthly increments).</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">A woman named Cindy emails me more information about my Oath Keeper membership package: “We ask that you give us 4-6 weeks, but we try to get them out in 3…however much depends on the volume at the time and it’s very high currently.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I fall asleep each night with dreams of full Oath Keeper membership and Constitutional defense. Where the hell is my goddamn Oath Keepers membership packet? So much time goes by I even forget that I’m soon to be an official full member of the Oath Keepers. Maybe the background check found too many red flags? For the safety of future armed showdowns, that’s probably a good thing.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Then the clouds part and the skies open up. Late in January, I open my mailbox to find a nondescript manila envelope mailed from a PO box in Georgia. A computer label reads: “Membership Fulfillment.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I rip open the envelope. Within seconds, my jaw drops with complete disappointment. Am I missing something here? Here’s what I got for my $40 full Oath Keepers membership:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">-A bunch of bumper stickers that say: “Guardians of the Republic” and “Not on our watch.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">-A paper copy of the Constitution.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">-10 Oath Keeper business cards, with the Oath Keepers oath on the back and the words “Not on our Watch!” I assume these are to hand out to 10 people who also want to defend the Constitution, but might not know how to go about it.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">-10 Oath Keeper brochures. I’m told in the introduction letter to pass these on at local gun shows and Tea Party rallies, 9-12 rallies, etc. to at least 10 people I come across.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">-A laminated Oath Keeper membership card with my fake name, stating I’ve been an official Oath Keeper since the year 2015.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">-A membership certificate with my fake name and declaration that “As an Oath Keeper, the member has pledged NOT to obey the ten specific unlawful orders listed in our “Declaration of Orders We Will NOT Obey.” I have no idea what that means (too many double-negatives).</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">-A homemade Oath Keeper DVD on a generic disc with an Oath Keeper sticker on it, featuring speeches with pull-quotes such as “They hate people who speak the truth.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">My estimated cost of the entire Oath Keeper membership pack (including shipping): $2. The Home Depot folder for my official membership Certificate leads me to believe that a very old person put all this together. I’d almost describe the entire Oath Keeper membership package as “cute.” But if I were living in a cabin in the woods—which I declared as my own sovereign nation—I would feel pretty fucking ripped off.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Regardless, now I’m an official member of the Oath Keepers. It’s time to take to the roof of my building armed with a rifle to make sure no one is violating the Constitution while screaming, “Fuck all you libtards out there!” And if there should be some ill-fated confrontation, the first thing police officers will find in my wallet is my Oath Keepers membership card. The misguided media will attribute my lone wolf actions to my affiliation with the Oath Keepers. Perhaps they shouldn’t let just anyone join their group after all.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">===</div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.hcn.org/articles/oath-keepers-show-up-for-another-public-lands-squabble-this-time-for-gold-miners-in-oregon"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><br /></font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.hcn.org/articles/oath-keepers-show-up-for-another-public-lands-squabble-this-time-for-gold-miners-in-oregon"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://www.<b>hcn</b>.org/articles/oath-keepers-show-up-for-another-public-lands-squabble-this-time-for-gold-miners-in-oregon</font></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><div><p class="Body" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.875rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Barclay reportedly put on the brakes a couple of days later. "We're not under attack, this is not the&nbsp;<a class="external-link" href="http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/in-nevada-delicate-20-year-standoff-with-blm-ends-in-a-tense-roundup" target="_blank" title="" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit;">Bundy Ranch</a>," he told the local&nbsp;<i style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;"><a href="http://www.mailtribune.com/article/20150415/NEWS/150419667/101064/NEWS" title="" target="_blank" class="external-link" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit;">Mail Tribune</a></i>&nbsp;last week. (Barclay was referring to the April 2014 gathering of 300-plus armed militia and other protestors that helped a Nevada rancher fend off the BLM’s attempt to impound his cattle, which&nbsp;<a class="external-link" href="http://www.hcn.org/issues/46.8/the-blm-vs-cliven-bundy-timeline" target="_blank" title="" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit;">had been grazing illegally</a>&nbsp;on federal land.) "Please stop calling the BLM and threatening their personnel," Barclay said. Yet, as of Wednesday, Oath Keepers were still asking for more “boots on the ground,” and Barclay was supporting the escalating presence.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rou1NYmHNrI" title="" target="_blank" class="external-link" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit;">Idaho three-percenters</a>&nbsp;(a group that holds anti-federal government views and is named for the three percent of the colonial population that fought in the American Revolution) have also rallied to Medford to support the miners.</font></p><p class="Body" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.875rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The root of the dispute, said BLM spokesperson Jim Whittington, is that surface rights were transferred from a private owner to the agency in 1961. Whittington said that finding miners on unpermitted lands isn’t all that uncommon in his area. But they rarely haul in a militia-type group to back them up when the BLM calls them out on it.</span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.701961);"> Local BLM staff have received threatening phone calls since the miners’ situation went public a few weeks ago, but Whittington couldn’t give details because the threats are under investigation.</span></font></p><p class="Body" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.875rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BLM personnel have been asked to avoid the mine<b style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">&nbsp;</b>area for now. The miners can appeal the BLM’s letter of non-compliance, stop operations, or file paperwork to renegotiate their level of mining activity and come into compliance. Whittington said the miners are focusing only on that second option—stop operations—when there are in fact other avenues they can take. Whittington said the miners have until&nbsp;<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/23/us-usa-miners-oregon-idUSKBN0NE16020150423" title="" target="_blank" class="external-link" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit;">Friday</a>&nbsp;to file an appeal with the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.doi.gov//oha/ibla/index.cfm" title="" target="_blank" class="external-link" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit;">Interior Board Land of Appeals</a>, and are likely to do that at Thursday's protest. ...</font></p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2015/11/17/breakaway-oath-keeper-attempts-arm-protesters-ferguson</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">splc</font></div><div><div class="field field-name-field-long-text field-type-text-long field-label-hidden" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.2; float: left; margin-right: 24.6094px; width: 865.891px; margin-left: 89.0469px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-item even " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A protest that for months was billed in right-wing media as an “epic rights flexing march” –– an Oath Keeper arming black residents with AR-15s and marching them through the streets of Ferguson –– &nbsp;turned out to be little more in the end than an exercise in futility.</font></p><div class="grammarly-disable-indicator" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="box-sizing: inherit; float: left; margin-right: 0px; width: 865.891px; margin-left: 89.0469px; line-height: 24px;"><div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-item even " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sam Andrews, the former leader of the Oath Keepers in St. Louis, led the march on Tuesday from a public transit pavilion to the Ferguson Police Department and back. But there were no armed black protestors from Ferguson at his side, as he had promised. Instead, the two dozen or so who came were gun rights enthusiasts, Obama birthers and Andrews’s family and friends.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A protest that attracted so much attention, and ultimately led to Andrews leaving the <b>Oath Keepers over an argument with founder&nbsp;<a href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/elmer-stewart-rhodes" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s; background: transparent;">Stewart Rhodes</a>, </b>proved in the end to be a glimpse at the complicated internal politics of an organization that has worked hard to put itself at the center of the most contentious issues on the American cultural landscape, from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2015/09/10/oath-keepers-head-kentucky-repeat-bundy-ranch-tactics-kim-davis-dispute" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s; background: transparent;">LGBT rights</a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2014/war-west" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s; background: transparent;">land rights</a>.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And as the protest was about to begin, Andrews was eager to explain why.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The [Oath Keepers] leadership didn’t want black people to be armed in a protest,” Andrews told Hatewatch on Tuesday. “They didn’t want to see black people opposing the police. They were perfectly OK seeing white people and people of different colors pointing their rifles at federal agents at the Bundy Ranch. But you can’t have black people marching for their rights with their rifles pointed at the ground.”&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Comprised of law enforcement and former military personnel who fear the Constitution is being undercut by a tyrannical government, the Oath Keepers understood that arming protestors against the police who make up potential Oath Keeper recruits&nbsp;was almost self-sacrificial, Andrews said. But if the 2nd Amendment was absolute, as Andrews and the Oath Keepers believe, there was no reason not to arrange the protest.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Unless the question was of whether to arm black people.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In August, Andrews told&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="http://www.newsweek.com/oath-keepers-ferguson-blacklivesmatter-michael-brown-black-lives-matter-second-363994" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s; background: transparent;">Newsweek</a>&nbsp;</em>that “fear had contributed to destructive protests” and his intentions were to bring the same message to the inner city as they brought to Nevada in April 2014, when hundreds of armed Oath Keepers defended cattle rancher Cliven Bundy in his fight with the federal government.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">They don’t know how to react to the abuse, so they throw rocks and bottles and do other silly stuff, but we are flying black Oath Keepers from around the country to educate the black leaders and the people of Ferguson that not only can you open carry, you should open carry,”</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Andrews told the magazine. “The peaceful protestors, the lawful people which make up the vast majority of protesters, should be quietly standing there with rifles, saying, ‘We’re not going to take this abuse anymore.’”</span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhodes, however, told&nbsp;<a href="https://reason.com/blog/2015/08/17/oath-keepers-announce-plans-for-blackope" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Reason</em></a>&nbsp;magazine that he questioned Andrews intentions and cautioned him from making it seem they were training Ferguson residents to “confront the cops.”&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"He could not take constructive criticism," Rhodes told&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Reason</em>. "All we were doing is saying, 'Look, Sam, don't make it sound like we're gonna arm violent people who were rioters. We're gonna arm the good people of Ferguson, to stand up for their rights against the police and to control the hoods.'"&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The hoods? It is that cultural disconnect that has landed the Oath Keepers in such hot water in Ferguson, at almost every step along the way.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="line-height: 2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Oath Keepers first made national headlines in Ferguson a year ago when pictures surfaced of armed members standing atop white-owned businesses in Ferguson, as civil unrest raged on the street beneath in the weeks after the death of Micael Brown on Aug. 9, 2014. It was simply another moment in a five-year history of Oath Keepers popping up — invited and uninvited — around some of the more contentious backdrops involving questions of law and order.&nbsp;</font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Oath Keepers, in fact, have eagerly sought out opportunities to present themselves as the keepers of law and order — from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2011/are-oath-keepers-fighting-%E2%80%98martial-law%E2%80%99" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.3s; background: transparent;">Quartzsite, Ariz.</a>, where Rhodes’ Oath Keepers took a stand against what they saw as a corrupt city council, to the latest efforts offering personal protection to Rowan County, Ky., clerk Kim Davis, who defied the Supreme Court’s ruling on same-sex marriage.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Perhaps it is no wonder that the turnout on Tuesday was so slim. The weather may have been a contributing factor, but long before the protest began, there were rumblings of distrust.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>On one Facebook group, the Huey P. Newton Gun Club,</b> discussion ran the gamut, with some concerned that the very ideology of the Oath Keepers would undermine the mission.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Don’t touch the Oath Keepers,” a user identified as Joe Kelly wrote. “They’re vigilantes whose concept of open carry is about white aggression and the defense of white power and privilege. They need 50 blacks on their parade to serve as a foil for an agenda that is purely white supremacist.”</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But no one came to provide the foil, and the Oath Keepers have never openly espoused a white supremacist ideology. Rhodes’ concern over arming black protesters against police was either the unfortunate reality of finding his group at the nexus of race and the 2nd Amendment, or simply&nbsp;a political worry that even Andrews understood.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“There are two things we could accomplish," Andrews told Hatewatch. "One is black people and white people are going to stand together and exercise their rights, to show minorities all around the country that you have the right to defend yourself and open carry.” Andrews continued, “The second thing is nobody shows up, and it proves my point: that people are completely afraid of these serial rights abusers called the St. Louis County Police and the St. Louis City Police.”&nbsp;</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When the time came to march, Andrews’s second prediction came true. There were more cameras than guns, and more news reporters than protesters, none of whom were from Ferguson, and only few armed with rifles.</font></p><p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">T<b>he lone armed black protestor was Paul Berry III, from Bridgeton, Mo., who is exploring a congressional run in Missouri’s 1st Congressional District.</b> An avowed constitutionalist, Berry carried an assault rifle slung over his shoulder for the short march because, he said, Americans' rights are being systemically undercut.&nbsp;</font></p></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>