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</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Fox News pays contributor Kevin Jackson to push blatant lies and conspiracy theories</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In addition to speculating about an FBI plot to kill the president, Jackson has falsely claimed that Colin Kaepernick supports terrorism and Trump released his tax returns</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Blog ››› December 19, 2017 5:01 PM EST ››› BOBBY LEWIS</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Fox News contributor and radio talk show host Kevin Jackson has pushed several outright lies and conspiracy theories in just a few weeks:</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>
</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>December 19: Cited “social media” to float the possibility that the FBI plotted to assassinate President Donald Trump. </b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FACT: There is absolutely nothing to confirm that the FBI -- or any domestic law enforcement agency -- plotted to assassinate the president of the United States, other than Infowars. </div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>December 5: Falsely claimed Trump released his tax returns.</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FACT: He has not. </div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>December 1: Falsely accused former NFL quarterback Colin Kaepernick of material support for terrorism, claiming he “gives money to terrorists.”</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FACT: Claiming Colin Kaepernick “gives money to terrorists” is a lie, unless you have a particularly suspicious view of his donations to groups like "Meals on Wheels; DREAM, a Harlem charter school; the Coalition for the Homeless, an organization offering assistance to homeless people in New York City; and Justice League NYC, an organization opposing child incarceration." </div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">November 4: Parroted Trump’s false claim that the Bowe Bergdahl prisoner swap resulted in the five released detainees becoming “re-engaged” in terrorism.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FACT: PolitiFact wrote in 2015 that the five Taliban prisoners exchanged for Bergdahl by then-President Barack Obama “are known to be in Qatar, where they have been since their release over a year ago. Qatar is considered neutral ground -- not a battlefield -- and they are not allowed to leave the country.” A 2016 follow-up piece reported that the five men were still in Qatar and a 2017 report pointed out that exaggerated and incorrect claims about released Guantanamo prisoners "became a Republican talking point." </div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>November 3: Falsely claimed Obama funded the Steele dossier.</b></div><div style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">FACT: Organizing for Action, a non-profit that is not Barack Obama but supports his policies, made payments to a law firm which also paid Fusion GPS for the dossier that former British intelligence officer Christopher Steele compiled on Trump’s potential ties to Russia. </span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">----</div></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">66</font></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ul class="search-index" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2018/05/23/wake-mass-shootings-schools-conservatives-blame-everything-guns/220291" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">In the wake of mass shootings at schools, conservatives blame everything but guns</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Wednesday, May 23, 2018 - 10:46</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Blog ››› Dina Radtke, Sanam Malik & Natalie Martinez</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2018/05/21/Scott-Pruitts-EPA-has-cozy-relationship-with-Daily-Caller-and-Washington-Free-Beacon/220264" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Scott Pruitt's EPA has cozy relationship with Daily Caller and Washington Free Beacon</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Monday, May 21, 2018 - 12:43</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Blog ››› Kevin Kalhoefer</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/video/2018/05/15/fox-news-guest-defends-three-fifths-compromise-giving-humanhood-black-people/220217" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Fox News guest defends the Three-Fifths Compromise as giving "humanhood to black people"</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tuesday, May 15, 2018 - 23:19</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Video ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/video/2018/05/01/fox-news-guest-defends-kanye-west-saying-slavery-was-choice-weve-got-get-out-mentality-everything/220087" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Fox News guest defends Kanye West saying slavery was a choice: "We've got to get out of this mentality that everything in America is anti-black"</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tuesday, May 1, 2018 - 23:22</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Video ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2018/04/19/right-wing-media-lash-out-social-justice-warriors-after-backlash-over-racist-incident-philadelphia/220002" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Right-wing media lash out at "social justice warriors" after backlash over racist incident in a Philadelphia Starbucks</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Thursday, April 19, 2018 - 17:44</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Research ››› Bobby Lewis</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2018/04/17/republican-figures-and-clickbait-websites-have-been-promoting-anti-islam-fake-news-company-facebook/219960" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Republican figures and clickbait websites have been promoting an anti-Islam fake news company on Facebook</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tuesday, April 17, 2018 - 10:53</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Blog ››› Natalie Martinez</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/video/2018/04/01/foxs-kevin-jackson-universal-basic-income-why-dont-they-just-give-out-lottery-tickets-cigarettes-and/219806" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Fox's Kevin Jackson on universal basic income: "Why don't they just give out lottery tickets, cigarettes and liquor while they're at it"?</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sunday, April 1, 2018 - 14:09</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Video ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2018/03/14/A-timeline-of-scandals-and-ethical-shortfalls-at-Scott-Pruitts-EPA/219623" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">A timeline of scandals and ethical shortfalls at Scott Pruitt's EPA</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Wednesday, March 14, 2018 - 09:46</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Blog ››› Kevin Kalhoefer & Evlondo Cooper</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-9 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2018/02/20/bigotry-conspiracy-theories-and-smears-fox-nation/219428" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">The bigotry, conspiracy theories, and smears of Fox Nation</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tuesday, February 20, 2018 - 13:48</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Research ››› Bobby Lewis & Zachary Pleat</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-10 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2018/02/15/right-wing-media-figures-are-blaming-everything-guns-parkland-shooting/219390" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Right-wing media figures are blaming everything but guns for the Parkland shooting</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Thursday, February 15, 2018 - 13:49</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Research ››› Sanam Malik & Natalie Martinez</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-11 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/video/2017/12/21/cnns-stelter-fox-contributors-conspiracy-theory-about-fbi-plot-assassinate-trump-new-low-anti/218926" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">CNN's Stelter: Fox contributor's conspiracy theory about FBI plot to assassinate Trump is "the new low of the anti-Mueller, anti-FBI attacks"</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Thursday, December 21, 2017 - 08:21</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Video ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-12 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2017/12/20/following-foxs-lead-gop-congressman-suggests-fbi-hatched-scheme-deprive-donald-trump-presidency/218915" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Following Fox's lead, GOP congressman suggests the FBI "hatched a scheme to deprive Donald Trump the presidency"</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Wednesday, December 20, 2017 - 14:09</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Blog ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-13 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2017/12/19/fox-news-pays-contributor-kevin-jackson-push-blatant-lies-and-conspiracy-theories/218909" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Fox News pays contributor Kevin Jackson to push blatant lies and conspiracy theories</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tuesday, December 19, 2017 - 17:01</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Blog ››› Bobby Lewis</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-14 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/video/2017/12/19/fox-contributor-floats-conspiracy-theory-fbi-might-have-planned-assassinate-donald-trump/218905" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Fox contributor floats conspiracy theory that the FBI might have planned to assassinate Donald Trump</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tuesday, December 19, 2017 - 13:10</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Video ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-15 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/video/2017/12/05/fox-contributor-claims-trump-released-his-tax-returns-he-hasnt/218743" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Fox contributor claims Trump released his tax returns. He hasn't.</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tuesday, December 5, 2017 - 07:30</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Video ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-16 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/video/2017/12/01/fox-contributor-accuses-colin-kaepernick-material-support-terrorism/218700" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Fox contributor accuses Colin Kaepernick of material support of terrorism</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Friday, December 1, 2017 - 09:08</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Video ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-17 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/video/2017/11/03/fox-contributor-blames-diversity-nyc-terror-attack-deaths/218445" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Fox contributor blames "diversity" for NYC terror attack deaths</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Friday, November 3, 2017 - 09:35</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Video ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-18 views-row-even" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/video/2017/08/02/conservative-radio-host-kevin-jackson-immigrants-come-us-knowing-they-only-want-be-drain-system/217500" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Conservative radio host Kevin Jackson: Immigrants come to US "knowing they only want to be a drain on the system"</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Wednesday, August 2, 2017 - 18:54</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Video ››› Media Matters Staff</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-19 views-row-odd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2017/06/21/fox-news-completely-ignored-release-police-footage-showing-philando-castiles-fatal-shooting/216986" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Fox News completely ignored the release of police footage showing Philando Castile's fatal shooting</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Wednesday, June 21, 2017 - 17:26</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Blog ››› Nina Mast & Bobby Lewis</small></div></li><li class="views-row views-row-20 views-row-even views-row-last" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 7px; line-height: 1.1; padding: 0px; border: none;"><a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2017/06/08/conservative-media-deflect-james-comeys-testimony-attacking-his-sexuality-and-gender/216846" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Conservative media deflect from James Comey's testimony by attacking his sexuality and gender</a></h1><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;"><span class="grey-four" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="field-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Thursday, June 8, 2017 - 19:09</span></span></small><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><small style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: capitalize; font-weight: 700;">Research ››› Bobby Lewis</small></div></li></ul></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States</a></font></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">B</span><b style="">lack conservatism in the United States</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">is a political and social movement rooted in</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">communities of African descent</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">that aligns largely with the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">American conservative</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">movement. Since the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Civil Rights Movement</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, the black community has generally fallen on the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">left</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">of the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">right-wing</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">conservative movement, and has predominantly favored itself on the side of</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">liberalism</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">civil rights progressives</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Black conservatism emphasizes</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">traditionalism</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">patriotism</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">capitalism</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">free markets</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and sometimes</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">social conservatism</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></div><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Overview" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Overview</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Beliefs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Beliefs</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Historical_basis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Historical basis</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Religion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Religion</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Timeline_of_events" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Timeline of events</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Politicians" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Politicians</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Alabama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Alabama</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Alaska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Alaska</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Arizona" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Arizona</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">California</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Colorado" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Colorado</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Connecticut" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Connecticut</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Delaware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Delaware</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Florida" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Florida</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Georgia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.9</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Georgia</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Illinois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.10</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Illinois</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Indiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.11</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Indiana</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Kansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.12</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Kansas</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Kentucky" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.13</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Kentucky</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Louisiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.14</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Louisiana</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Maryland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.15</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Maryland</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Massachusetts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.16</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Massachusetts</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Michigan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.17</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Michigan</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Mississippi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.18</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Mississippi</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Missouri" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.19</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Missouri</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.20</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Nebraska</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Nevada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.21</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Nevada</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#New_Hampshire" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.22</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">New Hampshire</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#New_Jersey" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.23</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">New Jersey</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#New_Mexico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.24</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">New Mexico</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#New_York" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.25</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">New York</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#North_Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.26</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">North Carolina</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Ohio" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.27</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Ohio</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Oklahoma" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.28</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Oklahoma</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Oregon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.29</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Oregon</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.30</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Pennsylvania</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#South_Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.31</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">South Carolina</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Tennessee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.32</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Tennessee</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.33</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Texas</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.34</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Utah</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.35</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Virginia</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Virgin_Islands" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.36</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Virgin Islands</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Washington" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.37</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Washington</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#West_Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.38</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">West Virginia</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Wyoming" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.39</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Wyoming</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Other_people" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Other people</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#United_States_judges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">United States judges</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Ambassadors" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Ambassadors</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#TV_personalities,authors_and_journalists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">TV personalities, authors and journalists</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Military" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Military</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Columnists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Columnists</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Athletes_and_entertainers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Athletes and entertainers</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Education_and_business" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Education and business</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Civil_rights,abolitionists_and_activists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Civil rights, abolitionists and activists</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Organizations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Organizations</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Blogs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Blogs</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-59" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#Further_reading" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">9</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Further reading</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-60" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: Overview" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 142px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Booker_T_Washington_retouched_flattened-crop.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data" /></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Booker_T_Washington_retouched_flattened-crop.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Booker T. Washington</font></a></div></div></div><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Booker_T_Washington_retouched_flattened-crop.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Beliefs">Beliefs</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=2" title="Edit section: Beliefs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">One of the main characteristics of black conservatism is its emphasis on personal choice and responsibilities above <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic_status" title="Socioeconomic status" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">socioeconomic status</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">institutional racism</a>. In the tradition of African American politics and intellectual life, black conservatives tend to side with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booker_T.Washington" title="Booker T. Washington" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Booker T. Washington</a> as contrasted with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.E.B.Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">W. E. B. Du Bois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup> For many black conservatives, the key mission is to bring repair and success to the Black community by applying the following fundamental principles:</font></p><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The pursuit of educational and professional excellence as a means of advancement within the society;</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Policies that promote safety and security in the community beyond the typical casting of a criminal as a "victim" of societal racism;</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Not always playing the race and victim card every time someone disagrees with them.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Local economic development through free enterprise rather than looking to the federal government for assistance;</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Empowerment of the individual via self-improvement (virtue), conscience, and supernatural grace.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></font></li></ul><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Black conservatives may find common ground with black nationalists through their common belief in black empowerment and the theory that black people have been duped by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">welfare state</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">On the other hand, some of the policies advocated by Black conservatives are in conflict with some of the key points in the common social, economic, and political positions that a high percentage of African-Americans favor. For example, black conservatives typically oppose affirmative action, which is supported by the vast majority of African American communities. They tend to argue that efforts to obtain <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery_debate_in_the_United_States" title="Reparations for slavery debate in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">reparations for slavery</a> are either misguided or counter-productive. Black conservatives tend to be self-critical of aspects of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">African-American culture</a> which has created poverty and dependency.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup> Moreover, black conservatives – especially black Republicans – are often accused of being <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tom" title="Uncle Tom" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Uncle Toms</a>. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebony(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ebony</a></i> in their May 2001 "100+ Most Influential Black Americans" issue, did not include a number of influential African Americans such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thomas Sowell</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelby_Steele" title="Shelby Steele" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Shelby Steele</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong_Williams" title="Armstrong Williams" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Armstrong Williams</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_E.Williams" title="Walter E. Williams" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Walter Williams</a> and, most notably, Supreme Court Justice <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Clarence Thomas</a>. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Economist</a></i> described the exclusion of Justice Thomas from the list as spiteful.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup> Black conservatives favor integration of African Americans into mainstream America and, consequently, disagree with black nationalism and separatism. Black conservatives are more inclined to support economic policies promoting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">globalization</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">free trade</a> and tax cuts.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">According to a 2004 study, 13.7% of blacks identified as "Conservative" or "Extremely Conservative"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup> with another 14.4% identifying as slightly conservative. However, the same study indicated less than ten percent identified as Republican or Republican leaning in any fashion. Likewise, a 2007 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Pew Research Center</a> survey showed that 19% of blacks identify as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Religious Right</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup> In 2004, the Pew Research Center indicated only 7% of blacks identify as Republican.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The National Election Pool poll showed that support for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_8(2008)" title="California Proposition 8 (2008)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Proposition 8</a> was strong amongst <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">African American</a> voters, interviewed in the exit poll with 70% in favor, more than any other racial group.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup> Their support was considered crucial to the proposition's passing, since African Americans made up an unusually larger percentage of voters that year, due to the presence of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Barack Obama</a> on the ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup> Polls by both the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Associated Press</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN" title="CNN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CNN</a> mirrored this data, reporting support among black voters to be at 70%<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup> and 75%,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup> respectively.</font></p><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_basis">Historical basis</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=3" title="Edit section: Historical basis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Reconstruction</a> up until the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New Deal</a>, the black population tended to vote Republican as the Republican Party, particularly in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Southern United States</a>, was seen as more racially liberal than the Democratic Party, primarily because of the role of the southern wing of the Democratic Party as the party of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">racial segregation</a> and the Republican Party's roots in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">abolitionist</a> movement (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dixiecrats</a>). Blacks started to shift in significant numbers to the Democrats with the election of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D.Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a></sup> whose <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New Deal</a> particularly benefited economically disadvantaged minority communities and helped forge the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New Deal coalition</a> which dominated American politics for the next 30 years, and continued with the election of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John F. Kennedy</a>. This shift was also influenced by Herbert Hoover's practice of firing loyal African-Americans from positions within the Republican Party, in order to increase his appeal to Southern white voters.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup> This can be considered an early example of a set of Republican Party methods that were later termed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Strategy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Southern Strategy</a>.</font></p><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another case study of differences between Black conservatives and Black Republicans is an emphasis on personal empowerment versus theological perspectives. Black Republicans like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Colin Powell</a> hold to the social ideas articulated by the early Radical Republicans like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Frederick Douglass</a> while at the same time supporting the self-empowerment message of Booker T. Washington. Many social conservatives who are black and Republican hold to a biblically based empowerment although they also appreciate Booker's emphasis on personal accomplishment. Conservatives like the Texas minister <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.D._Jakes" title="T. D. Jakes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">T. D. Jakes</a> are evangelical African Americans who support policies more in common but not totally in line with many white Evangelicals.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The African-American church has traditionally been an important element of social and political movements in the Black community. These generally have been identified with persons of the Left or liberalism, like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jesse Jackson</a>, but this is not always true. On issues concerning <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">homosexuality</a>, Black Protestants are more socially conservative than other groups, excepting White <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Evangelicals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup> Their view on the issue of homosexual teachers changed less than any other segment based on religion or race.</font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Timeline_of_events"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timeline of events</font></span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></span></div><div><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px;"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font><div data-hveid="CAgQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQFSgAMAx6BAgIEAA"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><font style="" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://kevinjackson.us/all-things-kevin/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://kevinjackson.us/all-things-kevin/&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQFjAMegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">All Things Kevin - Kevin Jackson | The Black Sphere</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">https://kevinjackson.us/all-things-kevin/</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=kevin+jackson+black+sphere&oq=kevin+jackson+black+sphere&aqs=chrome..69i57.6872j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b12" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQ7B0wDHoECAgQAg" style="border-radius: 0px; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Kevin Jackson</span> | The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Black Sphere</span> ... Syndicated Radio Host, Fox News Contributor and all around Master of the Universe <span style="font-weight: bold;">Kevin Jackson</span> ... All Things Kevin.</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px;"><div data-hveid="CAYQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQFSgAMA16BAgGEAA" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://kevinjackson.us/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://kevinjackson.us/&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQFjANegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Kevin Jackson | The Black Sphere - Author, Syndicated Radio Host ...</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">https://kevinjackson.us/</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:zQ5MQCNpW0gJ:https://kevinjackson.us/+&cd=14&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:zQ5MQCNpW0gJ:https://kevinjackson.us/%2B%26cd%3D14%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQIDANegQIBhAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;">Author, Syndicated Radio Host, Fox News Contributor and all around Master of the Universe <span style="font-weight: bold;">Kevin Jackson</span>.</span></a><div class="osl" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:zQ5MQCNpW0gJ:https://kevinjackson.us/+&cd=14&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:zQ5MQCNpW0gJ:https://kevinjackson.us/%2B%26cd%3D14%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQIDANegQIBhAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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cursor: pointer;">Donate</a></div></div><div jsl="$t t--ddbPTeIsNI;$x 0;" class="r-iYKvNpxgfl74" data-ved="2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQ2Z0BMA16BAgGEAo"><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px;"><div data-hveid="CAQQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQFSgAMA56BAgEEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://kevinjackson.us/radioshow/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://kevinjackson.us/radioshow/&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQFjAOegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Radio Show - Kevin Jackson | The Black Sphere</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">https://kevinjackson.us/radioshow/</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:FCnyybnosfEJ:https://kevinjackson.us/radioshow/+&cd=15&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:FCnyybnosfEJ:https://kevinjackson.us/radioshow/%2B%26cd%3D15%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQIDAOegQIBBAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Kevin Jackson</span> is a FOX News Contributor, bestselling author, syndicated radio show host, nationally known speaker, former management consultant, and a ...</span></a></div><div jsl="$t t--ddbPTeIsNI;$x 0;" class="r-iDPHjPmvyh70" data-ved="2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQ2Z0BMA56BAgEEAU"><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px;"><div data-hveid="CAMQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQFSgAMA96BAgDEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://theblacksphere.net/about/about-the-black-sphere/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://theblacksphere.net/about/about-the-black-sphere/&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQFjAPegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">About The Black Sphere | The Black Sphere with Kevin Jackson ...</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">theblacksphere.net/about/about-the-black-sphere/</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; 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background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:qmj-7WGtdosJ:theblacksphere.net/about/about-the-black-sphere/+&cd=16&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:qmj-7WGtdosJ:theblacksphere.net/about/about-the-black-sphere/%2B%26cd%3D16%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQIDAPegQIAxAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:qmj-7WGtdosJ:theblacksphere.net/about/about-the-black-sphere/+&cd=16&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:qmj-7WGtdosJ:theblacksphere.net/about/about-the-black-sphere/%2B%26cd%3D16%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQIDAPegQIAxAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;">Melissa runs operations, and is known as “Hamma Time” at The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Black Sphere</span>. Though she is a beauty, don't let the smooth taste fool you. She has killed flies ...</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:qmj-7WGtdosJ:theblacksphere.net/about/about-the-black-sphere/+&cd=16&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:qmj-7WGtdosJ:theblacksphere.net/about/about-the-black-sphere/%2B%26cd%3D16%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwif_IWY6u3cAhVJ4qwKHWzFD6gQIDAPegQIAxAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</span></a></div></div></div></div></span></div>