Josephine Stanton hon

=<div>gun case 2nd amend rupp v becerra</div><div>
</div><div>https://www.artemishq.com/rupp-v-becerra-2/</div><div>=
<div>
</div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton</a></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output" style="">Josephine Laura Staton (born 1961) is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States District Judge</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Central District of California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States District Court for the Central District of California</a>.<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table;"><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Early_life_and_education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Early life and education</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Professional_career" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2Professional career</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Federal_judicial_service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3Federal judicial service</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Notable_cases" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4Notable cases</a><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Friedrichs_v.California_Teachers_Association" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.1Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Afghan_Family_Travel_Ban_Case" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.2Afghan Family Travel Ban Case</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Constitutionality_of_CFPB" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.3Constitutionality of CFPB</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Kids'Climate_Change_Case" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.4Kids' Climate Change Case</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Coronavirus_Quarantine_Case" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.5Coronavirus Quarantine Case</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#Personal_life" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5Personal life</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">6References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Early life and education[</h2>Born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.Louis,Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, Staton graduated from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindbergh_High_School(St.Louis,Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindbergh High School (St. Louis, Missouri)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Lindbergh High School</a>, earned a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree in 1983 from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jewell_College" title="William Jewell College" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">William Jewell College</a> and obtained a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Juris Doctor</a> in 1986 from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Harvard Law School</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-whgov_20100204-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-OVGuide-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a> From 1986 until 1987, Staton was a law clerk for Judge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R.Gibson" title="John R. Gibson" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">John R. Gibson</a> on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-whgov_20100204-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-ocregister_20100621-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-fjc.gov-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Professional career[</h2>From 1987 until 2002, Staton was an attorney with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">San Francisco</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Newport Beach" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Newport Beach</a> offices of the law firm <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrison%26_Foerster" title="Morrison & Foerster" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Morrison & Foerster</a>, first as an associate (1987–1994) and then as a partner (1995–2002).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-whgov_20100204-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a> In 2002, Staton became a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior Court" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Superior Court</a> judge in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,California" title="Orange County, California" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Orange County</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,California" title="Orange County, California" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">, California</a>, based in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Ana,California" title="Santa Ana, California" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Santa Ana</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-whgov_20100204-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a> She was appointed to the position by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Governor</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Davis" title="Gray Davis" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Gray Davis</a> to fill the vacancy created when Judge Richard D. Fybel was elevated to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Courts_of_Appeal" title="California Courts of Appeal" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">California Court of Appeal</a> in Orange County.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-met_20021021-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-fjc.gov-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Federal judicial service[</h2>On February 4, 2010, President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Obama</a> nominated Staton to fill the vacancy in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Central District of California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Central District</a> created by Judge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicemarie_Stotler" class="mw-redirect" title="Alicemarie Stotler" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alicemarie Stotler</a> taking <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">senior status</a> in January 2009.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a> On March 18, 2010, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary</a> reported Staton's nomination to the full Senate, which unanimously confirmed Staton on June 21, 2010, in a voice vote.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a> She received her commission on June 22, 2010. Staton was appointed to the bench under the name of Josephine Staton Tucker and served under that name until September 20, 2013.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-fjc.gov-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Notable cases[</h2><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;">Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association[</h3>Judge Staton presided over a challenge brought by several Orange County public school teachers to the California Teachers Union's exclusive bargaining system on constitutional grounds. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Circuit Court of Appeals" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">9th Circuit Court of Appeals</a> affirmed her ruling in favor of the teachers union,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a> and this ruling was upheld by an evenly divided <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">U.S. Supreme Court</a> in a 4-4 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">per curiam</a> decision in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrichs_v.California_Teachers_Ass%27n" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrichs v. California Teachers Ass'n" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Friedrichs v. California Teachers Ass'n</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_Scalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice Scalia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Justice Scalia</a> had been the expected 5th vote to overturn the controlling 1977 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abood" class="mw-redirect" title="Abood" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Abood</a> decision, but his 2016 death shortly after the case was argued meant there was a deadlocked decision.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a> Subsequently, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abood" class="mw-redirect" title="Abood" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Abood</a> was overturned in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_v.AFSCME" title="Janus v. AFSCME" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Janus v. AFSCME</a> in 2018, which effectively overturned Judge Staton's ruling in Friedrichs.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;">Afghan Family Travel Ban Case[</h3>In the wake of President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Donald Trump</a>'s controversial <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Executive Order 13769</a> restricting immigration from seven Muslim-majority countries, certain individuals with valid U.S. visas continued to be detained at borders and airports despite a nationwide temporary restraining order having been issued by U.S. District Judge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Robart" title="James Robart" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">James Robart</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_v.Trump" title="Washington v. Trump" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Washington v. Trump</a>. In a case that drew international attention, Judge Staton issued an emergency <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporary_restraining_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary restraining order" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">temporary restraining order</a> on March 4, 2017, to prevent an Afghan family from being separated—and the wife and three small children sent to a detention facility in Texas—after all five had arrived at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Los Angeles International Airport</a> with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Immigrant_Visa" title="Special Immigrant Visa" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Special Immigrant Visas</a> and were detained for almost two days without access to counsel.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a> Judge Staton held a hearing on March 6, 2017, after which the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Department of Homeland Security</a> released the family for provisional resettlement in Washington state <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-auto-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a> and ultimately granted them permanent residency status.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a> Special immigrant visas were created for citizens from Iraq and Afghanistan whose lives were at risk because they had worked for the U.S. military or government, and the visa requires intense State Department vetting and interviews before being approved. At the hearing it was revealed that the visas had been issued because the father had worked for the U.S. military in Afghanistan for more than 10 years and had received death threats from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Taliban</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-auto-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;">Constitutionality of CFPB[</h3>In a case involving a long-running investigation by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a> (CFPB) into the fraudulent consumer debt relief practices of Morgan Drexen and its proxy law firm, Judge Staton ruled that the CFPB was a constitutionally formed federal bureau.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a> The defendant had argued that the CFPB violated constitutional separation of powers because it was headed by a single Director who exercises substantial executive power but can only be removed by the President for cause. Judge Staton cited the Supreme Court decision in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrison_v.Olson" title="Morrison v. Olson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Morrison v. Olson</a> to hold that the for-cause removal restriction protecting the CFPB’s Director does not "impede the President’s ability to perform his constitutional duty" to ensure that the laws are faithfully executed. Prior to the ruling, a three judge panel of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="DC Circuit Court of Appeals" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">DC Circuit Court of Appeals</a> had found the CFPB's structure unconstitutional in a ruling written by then-Judge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Brett Kavanaugh</a>, but an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">en banc</a> decision by the DC Circuit reversed that decision and found the CFPB to be constitutional.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a> Judge Staton's ruling was unanimously affirmed by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Circuit Court of Appeals" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">9th Circuit Court of Appeals</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a> The case, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seila_Law_v.Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Seila Law v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Seila Law v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a>, was argued before the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U. S. Supreme Court" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">U. S. Supreme Court</a> on March 3, 2020.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a> On June 29, 2020, the Supreme Court in a 5-4 decision ruled that the CFPB structure, with a sole director that could only be terminated for cause, was unconstitutional as it violated the separation of powers, vacating the lower court judgement and remanding the case for review. The Court found that the statute concerning the director of the CFPB was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severability" title="Severability" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">severable</a> from the rest of the statute establishing the agency, and thus "The agency may therefore continue to operate, but its Director, in light of our decision, must be removable by the President at will."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-cnbc_decision-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;">Kids' Climate Change Case[</h3>On January 17, 2020, on a 2-1 vote, a Ninth Circuit panel reversed an Oregon District Court ruling in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States" title="Juliana v. United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Juliana, et al. v. United States of America</a>, et al, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">climate justice</a>-based <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">lawsuit</a> filed in 2015 by 21 youth plaintiffs including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiuhtezcatl_Martinez" title="Xiuhtezcatl Martinez" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Xiuhtezcatl Martinez</a> against the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States</a> and several of its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States#Executive_branch" title="Federal government of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">executive branch</a> positions and officers, formerly including President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Barack Obama</a> and currently, President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Donald Trump</a>. The plaintiffs, on behalf of themselves and future generations, sought relief under the U.S. Constitution for longstanding U.S. governmental policy contributing to global climate disruption and caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. The majority agreed that the government had not rebutted the plaintiffs' science-based allegations of a looming climate catastrophe, but found a lack of standing on the part of the plaintiffs, with Judge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_D.Hurwitz" title="Andrew D. Hurwitz" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Andrew D. Hurwitz</a> holding that "it is beyond the power of an Article III court to order, design, supervise, or implement the plaintiffs' requested remedial plan. As the opinions of their experts make plain, any effective plan would necessarily require a host of complex policy decisions entrusted, for better or worse, to the wisdom and discretion of the executive and legislative branches."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a>In dissent, Judge Staton, sitting on the 9th Circuit panel by designation, characterized the majority as shirking its judicial responsibility to rectify a grave constitutional wrong in the manner the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">U.S. Supreme Court</a> laudably did in its landmark <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v.Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Brown v. Board of Education</a> decision, stating, "My colleagues throw up their hands, concluding that this case presents nothing fit for the Judiciary." <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a> She further argued, "No case can singlehandedly prevent the catastrophic effects of climate change predicted by the government and scientists. But a federal court need not manage all of the delicate foreign relations and regulatory minutiae implicated by climate change to offer real relief, and the mere fact that this suit cannot alone halt climate change does not mean that it presents no claim suitable for judicial resolution."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a> In an analogy from her impassioned dissent that became widely cited in the news media,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a> Judge Staton stated that "[i]n these proceedings, the government accepts as fact that the United States has reached a tipping point crying out for a concerted response -- yet presses ahead toward calamity. It is as if an asteroid were barreling toward Earth and the government decided to shut down our only defenses. Seeking to quash this suit, the government bluntly insists that it has the absolute and unreviewable power to destroy the Nation."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a> The plaintiffs in Juliana subsequently requested a full <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">en banc</a> review by the 9th Circuit of the panel's decision, which petition is currently pending before the 9th Circuit.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;">Coronavirus Quarantine Case[</h3>In a case that drew national media attention, Judge Staton issued a temporary restraining order at the request of the City of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Mesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa Mesa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Costa Mesa</a> on February 21, 2020, in response to a hasty plan by the State of California and the U.S. federal government to ship dozens of patients testing positive for coronavirus, then quarantined at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_Air_Force_Base" title="Travis Air Force Base" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Travis Air Force Base</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solano_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Solano County" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Solano County</a>, to a former assisted living center in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,California" title="Orange County, California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Orange County, California</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a> Judge Staton scheduled an expedited hearing for the following Monday, after which she continued the TRO in place pending a showing by the State of California as to its plan to house the patients in a densely populated part of the county. Prior to the hearing, the federal government had planned to ship the non-California resident former passengers of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Princess(ship)" title="Diamond Princess (ship)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Diamond Princess</a> cruise ship from Travis to a former army base in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anniston,Alabama" title="Anniston, Alabama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Anniston, Alabama</a>, but Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Ivey" title="Kay Ivey" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kay Ivey</a> of Alabama lobbied <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="President Trump" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">President Trump</a> to include them in the group to be sent to Orange County, California, instead.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a> At the hearing it became apparent that neither the State of California nor the Federal Government had developed a rationale for the plan,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[31]</a> so the TRO was continued for another week to allow the authorities to do so. Prior to the next scheduled hearing, as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">COVID-19 pandemic</a> evolved, the state and federal governments withdrew their plan to house the Travis patients at the Fairview Developmental Center location.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Personal life[</h2>Judge Staton is married to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Owen_Prell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Prell (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Owen Prell</a>, a lawyer and writer.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_note-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">References[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josephine_Staton&action=edit&section=11&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns" style="column-width: 30em;"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-parent 0 list-item 0; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-whgov_20100204-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-whgov_20100204_1-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-whgov_20100204_1-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-whgov_20100204_1-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">c</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-whgov_20100204_1-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-nominates-four-serve-united-states-district-court-bench" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">President Obama Nominates Four to Serve on the United States District Court Bench</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100515083909/http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-nominates-four-serve-united-states-district-court-bench" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> 2010-05-15 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">whitehouse.gov</a> (February 4, 2010).</li><li id="cite_note-OVGuide-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-OVGuide_2-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ovguide.com/josephine-l-staton-9202a8c04000641f800000001584624b" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Josephine L. Staton"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OVGuide" title="OVGuide" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">OVGuide</a>. Retrieved March 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Josephine+L.+Staton&rft.pub=OVGuide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ovguide.com%2Fjosephine-l-staton-9202a8c04000641f800000001584624b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martindale.com/Josephine-Laura-Staton/109585-lawyer.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Josephine Laura Staton Judge Profile on Martindale.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Josephine+Laura+Staton+Judge+Profile+on+Martindale.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.martindale.com%2FJosephine-Laura-Staton%2F109585-lawyer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-ocregister_20100621-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-ocregister_20100621_4-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Dena Bunis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocregister.com/news/tucker-254425-judge-law.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Senate sends O.C. judge to federal bench</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Orange_County_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="The Orange County Register" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Orange County Register</a> (June 21, 2010).</li><li id="cite_note-fjc.gov-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">c</a> <cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/staton-josephine-l." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Staton, Josephine L. – Federal Judicial Center"</a>. www.fjc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fjc.gov&rft.atitle=Staton%2C+Josephine+L.+%E2%80%93+Federal+Judicial+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fhistory%2Fjudges%2Fstaton-josephine-l.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-met_20021021-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-met_20021021_6-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Allison Lomas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metnews.com/articles/appt102102.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Davis Appoints Attorneys With Diverse Careers to Southern California Courts</a>, Metropolitan News-Enterprise (October 21, 2002).</li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-7" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/presidential-nomination-sent-senate-2-4-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate 2/4/10</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100210003423/https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/presidential-nomination-sent-senate-2-4-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> 2010-02-10 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">whitehouse.gov</a> (February 4, 2010).</li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-8" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.richmond.edu/news/article/-/2113/breaking-the-logjam-of-nominations-to-the-federal-trial-courts.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Breaking the Logjam of Nominations to the Federal Trial Courts Breaking the Logjam of Nominations to the Federal Trial Courts – University of Richmond"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breaking+the+Logjam+of+Nominations+to+the+Federal+Trial+Courts+Breaking+the+Logjam+of+Nominations+to+the+Federal+Trial+Courts+++%E2%80%93+University+of+Richmond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.richmond.edu%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F-%2F2113%2Fbreaking-the-logjam-of-nominations-to-the-federal-trial-courts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-9" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/1292811/teacher-friedrichs-plaintiffs-appeals-brief0814.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word">https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/1292811/teacher-friedrichs-plaintiffs-appeals-brief0814.pdf</a></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/2015/14-915" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association"</a>. oyez.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friedrichs+v.+California+Teachers+Association&rft.pub=oyez.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oyez.org%2Fcases%2F2015%2F14-915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-11" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFLiptak2016" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Liptak, Adam (29 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/us/politics/friedrichs-v-california-teachers-association-union-fees-supreme-court-ruling.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Victory for Unions as Supreme Court, Scalia Gone, Ties 4–4"</a> – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victory+for+Unions+as+Supreme+Court%2C+Scalia+Gone%2C+Ties+4%E2%80%934&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F30%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffriedrichs-v-california-teachers-association-union-fees-supreme-court-ruling.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-12" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFLiptak2018" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Liptak, Adam (27 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/27/us/politics/supreme-court-unions-organized-labor.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Supreme Court Ruling Delivers a Sharp Blow to Labor Unions"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+Ruling+Delivers+a+Sharp+Blow+to+Labor+Unions&rft.date=2018-06-27&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F06%2F27%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fsupreme-court-unions-organized-labor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-13" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFKulish2017" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Kulish, Nicholas (4 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/04/us/afghan-family-detained-los-angeles-visas.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"An Afghan Family, With Visas in Hand, Is Detained in Los Angeles"</a> – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Afghan+Family%2C+With+Visas+in+Hand%2C+Is+Detained+in+Los+Angeles&rft.date=2017-03-04&rft.aulast=Kulish&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F03%2F04%2Fus%2Fafghan-family-detained-los-angeles-visas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-auto-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-auto_14-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-auto_14-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFCarcamo2017" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Carcamo, Cindy (6 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-ln-afghan-family-detained-20170306-story.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Afghan family detained in L.A. despite having special visas will be freed"</a> – via LATimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghan+family+detained+in+L.A.+despite+having+special+visas+will+be+freed&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft.aulast=Carcamo&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fcalifornia%2Fla-me-ln-afghan-family-detained-20170306-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-15" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFEtehad2017" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Etehad, Melissa (18 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-afghan-family-granted-residency-20170418-story.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Afghan family detained at LAX is granted permanent residency"</a> – via LATimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghan+family+detained+at+LAX+is+granted+permanent+residency&rft.date=2017-04-18&rft.aulast=Etehad&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Flanow%2Fla-me-ln-afghan-family-granted-residency-20170418-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-16" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenderlawwatch.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2019/05/Seila-District-Court-opinion.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Seila District Court opinion"</a> (PDF). 25 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seila+District+Court+opinion&rft.date=2017-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lenderlawwatch.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F9%2F2019%2F05%2FSeila-District-Court-opinion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-17" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFWeiss2018" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Weiss, Debra (31 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/full_dc_circuit_upholds_structure_of_consumer_financial_protection_bureau" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Full DC Circuit upholds structure of Consumer Financial Protection Bureau"</a> – via abajournal.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+DC+Circuit+upholds+structure+of+Consumer+Financial+Protection+Bureau&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abajournal.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Ffull_dc_circuit_upholds_structure_of_consumer_financial_protection_bureau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-18" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2019/05/06/17-56324.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"CFPB v. Seila Law LLC"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CFPB+v.+Seila+Law+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.ca9.uscourts.gov%2Fdatastore%2Fopinions%2F2019%2F05%2F06%2F17-56324.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-19" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/seila-law-llc-v-consumer-financial-protection-bureau/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCOTUSblog" title="SCOTUSblog" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">SCOTUSblog</a>. Retrieved 9 December2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SCOTUSblog&rft.atitle=Seila+Law+LLC+v.+Consumer+Financial+Protection+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotusblog.com%2Fcase-files%2Fcases%2Fseila-law-llc-v-consumer-financial-protection-bureau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-cnbc_decision-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-cnbc_decision_20-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFManganHiggens2020" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Mangan, Dan; Higgens, Tucker (June 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/29/supreme-court-leaves-consumer-regulator-standing-but-backs-presidents-ability-to-fire-director.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Supreme Court leaves consumer regulator standing but backs president's ability to fire director"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CNBC</a>. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+leaves+consumer+regulator+standing+but+backs+president%27s+ability+to+fire+director&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Higgens%2C+Tucker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F06%2F29%2Fsupreme-court-leaves-consumer-regulator-standing-but-backs-presidents-ability-to-fire-director.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-21" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFIvanova2020" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Ivanova, Irana (January 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kids-climate-change-lawsuit-tossed-out-by-federal-appeals-court/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Kids' climate change lawsuit tossed out by federal appeals court"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CBS News</a>. Retrieved January 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Kids%27+climate+change+lawsuit+tossed+out+by+federal+appeals+court&rft.date=2020-01-17&rft.aulast=Ivanova&rft.aufirst=Irana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fkids-climate-change-lawsuit-tossed-out-by-federal-appeals-court%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-22" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2020/01/17/18-36082.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Juliana 9th Circuit opinion"</a> (PDF). 27 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Juliana+9th+Circuit+opinion&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.ca9.uscourts.gov%2Fdatastore%2Fopinions%2F2020%2F01%2F17%2F18-36082.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-23" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.registerguard.com/news/20200117/us-court-dismisses-suit-by-youths-over-climate-change" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">U.S. court dismisses suit by youths over climate change</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register-Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Register-Guard" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Register-Guard</a>, Gillian Flaccus (AP), January 18, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2020.</li><li id="cite_note-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-24" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFMeyer2020" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Meyer, Robinson (January 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/01/read-fiery-dissent-childrens-climate-case/605296/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"A Climate-Lawsuit Dissent That Changed My Mind"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Atlantic</a>. Retrieved January 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=A+Climate-Lawsuit+Dissent+That+Changed+My+Mind&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Robinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fscience%2Farchive%2F2020%2F01%2Fread-fiery-dissent-childrens-climate-case%2F605296%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-25" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2020" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Schwartz, John (January 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/17/climate/juliana-climate-case.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Court Quashes Youth Climate Change Case Against Government"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York Times</a>. Retrieved January 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Court+Quashes+Youth+Climate+Change+Case+Against+Government&rft.date=2020-01-17&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F01%2F17%2Fclimate%2Fjuliana-climate-case.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-26" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFCarlisle2020" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Carlisle, Madeleine (January 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5767438/climate-lawsuit-kids/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"A Federal Court Threw Out A High Profile Climate Lawsuit. Here's What It Might Mean For The Future of Climate Litigation"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Time Magazine</a>. Retrieved January 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Federal+Court+Threw+Out+A+High+Profile+Climate+Lawsuit.+Here%27s+What+It+Might+Mean+For+The+Future+of+Climate+Litigation&rft.date=2020-01-18&rft.aulast=Carlisle&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5767438%2Fclimate-lawsuit-kids%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-27" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/17/politics/climate-childrens-lawsuit/index.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Appeals court throws out lawsuit by children seeking to force action on climate crisis</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN" title="CNN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CNN</a>, Dan Berman, January 17, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2020.</li><li id="cite_note-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-28" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climatecasechart.com/case/juliana-v-united-states/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Climate Case Status chart</a> Retrieved June 29, 2020.</li><li id="cite_note-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-29" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFVictoria_Lozano2020" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Victoria Lozano, Alicia (February 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/federal-judge-blocks-effort-transfer-coronavirus-patients-california-city-n1140786/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Federal judge blocks effort to transfer coronavirus patients to California city"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">NBC News</a>. Retrieved March 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Federal+judge+blocks+effort+to+transfer+coronavirus+patients+to+California+city&rft.date=2020-02-22&rft.aulast=Victoria+Lozano&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fhealth%2Fhealth-news%2Ffederal-judge-blocks-effort-transfer-coronavirus-patients-california-city-n1140786%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-30" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFStockman2020" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Stockman, Farah (February 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/23/us/coronavirus-quarantine-california-alabama.html/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Don't Send Them Here: Local Officials Resist Plans to House Coronavirus Patients"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York Times</a>. Retrieved March 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Don%E2%80%99t+Send+Them+Here%3A+Local+Officials+Resist+Plans+to+House+Coronavirus+Patients&rft.date=2020-02-23&rft.aulast=Stockman&rft.aufirst=Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F23%2Fus%2Fcoronavirus-quarantine-california-alabama.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-31" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFRobinson2020" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Robinson, Alica (February 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ocregister.com/2020/02/24/hed-goes-here-on-outcome-of-court-hearing//" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Injunction stays in place on using Fairview Developmental Center in Costa Mesa to house coronavirus patients"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County_Register" title="Orange County Register" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Orange County Register</a>. Retrieved March 25,2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orange+County+Register&rft.atitle=Injunction+stays+in+place+on+using+Fairview+Developmental+Center+in+Costa+Mesa+to+house+coronavirus+patients&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Alica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocregister.com%2F2020%2F02%2F24%2Fhed-goes-here-on-outcome-of-court-hearing%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-32" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ocregister.com/2020/03/01/hearing-canceled-on-feds-scrapped-plan-to-house-coronavirus-patients-in-o-c/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Hearing canceled on Feds' scrapped plan to house Coronavirus patients in O.C."</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County_Register" title="Orange County Register" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Orange County Register</a>. March 1, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orange+County+Register&rft.atitle=Hearing+canceled+on+Feds%E2%80%99+scrapped+plan+to+house+Coronavirus+patients+in+O.C.&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocregister.com%2F2020%2F03%2F01%2Fhearing-canceled-on-feds-scrapped-plan-to-house-coronavirus-patients-in-o-c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-33" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.docketbird.com/court-documents/Imagenetix-Inc-v-Robinson-Pharma-Inc-et-al/ORDER-by-Judge-James-V-Selna-DENYING-APPROVAL-OF-SUBSTITUTION-OF-COUNSEL-re-163-164-165-166-167/cacd-8:2015-cv-00599-00171" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Order Denying Substitution of Counsel"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Order+Denying+Substitution+of+Counsel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.docketbird.com%2Fcourt-documents%2FImagenetix-Inc-v-Robinson-Pharma-Inc-et-al%2FORDER-by-Judge-James-V-Selna-DENYING-APPROVAL-OF-SUBSTITUTION-OF-COUNSEL-re-163-164-165-166-167%2Fcacd-8%3A2015-cv-00599-00171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton#cite_ref-34" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.femalefirst.co.uk/books/owen-prell-chance-to-break-1146277.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"10 Things I'd Like My Readers to Know About Me"</a>. Female First. 5 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+Things+I%27d+Like+My+Readers+to+Know+About+Me&rft.pub=Female+First&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.femalefirst.co.uk%2Fbooks%2Fowen-prell-chance-to-break-1146277.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosephine+Staton" class="Z3988" /></li></ol></div></div><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">External links[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josephine_Staton&action=edit&section=12&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1393266" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Josephine Staton</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">public domain</a> publication of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Josephine_S.Tucker" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Josephine Staton</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ballotpedia</a></li></ul><table class="wikitable succession-box" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); margin: 0.5em auto; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-collapse: collapse; clear: both;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="border-width: 5px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(221, 206, 242) rgb(162, 169, 177) rgb(162, 169, 177); border-image: initial; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;">Legal offices</th></tr><tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 74.975px;">Preceded by
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicemarie_Huber_Stotler" title="Alicemarie Huber Stotler" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alicemarie Huber Stotler</a></td><td rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 482.175px;">Judge of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Central District of California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States District Court for the Central District of California</a>
2010–present</td><td rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 67.775px;">Incumbent</td></tr></tbody></table><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Active_district_judges_of_the_Ninth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); width: 625.4px; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 3px; margin: 1em auto 0px;"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner mw-made-collapsible" style="width: 616.8px; border-spacing: 0px; background: transparent;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);"><span class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" style="float: right; user-select: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em;"><a class="mw-collapsible-text" style="background: none; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap;">show</a><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="font-weight: normal; float: left; text-align: left; margin-right: 0.5em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" display="display" inline-block="inline-block" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" line-height="line-height" inherit="inherit"><li class="nv-view" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:United_States_9th_Circuit_district_judges" title="Template:United States 9th Circuit district judges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><abbr title="View this template" style="border: none; cursor: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; background: none transparent; box-shadow: none; padding: 0px;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_9th_Circuit_district_judges" title="Template talk:United States 9th Circuit district judges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="border: none; cursor: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; background: none transparent; box-shadow: none; padding: 0px;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_9th_Circuit_district_judges&action=edit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none !important; padding: 0px !important;"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="border: none; cursor: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; background: none transparent; box-shadow: none; padding: 0px;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Active_district_judges_of_the_Ninth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="margin: 0px 4em;">Active district judges of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals</a></div></th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1961_births" title="Category:1961 births" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1961 births</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Living people</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_lawyers" title="Category:American lawyers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American lawyers</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_women_judges" title="Category:American women judges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American women judges</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:California_state_court_judges" title="Category:California state court judges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">California state court judges</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harvard_Law_School_alumni" title="Category:Harvard Law School alumni" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harvard Law School alumni</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Judges_of_the_United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the Central District of California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Judges of the United States District Court for the Central District of California</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_district_court_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:United States district court judges appointed by Barack Obama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States district court judges appointed by Barack Obama</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_judges" title="Category:21st-century American judges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">21st-century American judges</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Jewell_College_alumni" title="Category:William Jewell College alumni" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William Jewell College alumni</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:21st-century_women_judges" title="Category:21st-century women judges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">21st-century women judges</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div>
<div>
</div><div></div><div>
</div><div><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Initial hearings</h3><div style="">The present case was filed in August 2015 with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Oregon" title="United States District Court for the District of Oregon" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">United States District Court for the District of Oregon</a>, and was assigned to judge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Aiken" title="Ann Aiken" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">Ann Aiken</a>, who was then the chief judge of the court.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[11]</a> The 21 youths, ranging from 8 to 19 at the time of filing, received pro bono representation from Our Children's Trust, and had support of climatologist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">James Hansen</a>, acting as a "guardian for future generations" in the case filings.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-cnn_mar2016-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[12]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-mashable_apr2016-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[13]</a> (Hansen's granddaughter Sophie Kivlehan was one of the named plaintiffs.)<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Vox-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[14]</a> The youths were selected by Our Children's Trust as they all were able to demonstrate immediate "concrete injury" due to climate change, such as having their homes wiped out by excessive flooding, rising sea levels, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">desertification</a> which were tied to climate change.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-atlantic_oct2018-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[6]</a>The case was filed against President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Barack Obama</a> and several agencies within the executive branch, and sought confirmation that their constitutional and public trust rights had been violated by the government's actions, and sought an order to enjoin the defendants from continued violation of their rights and to develop a plan to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Among their arguments, the youths' attorneys asserted that the lack of governmental action on climate change discriminated against the youths' generation, since they would be most impacted by climate change but have no voting rights to influence that.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-cnn_mar2016-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[12]</a>Three <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: none;">fossil fuel</a> industry groups, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute" title="American Petroleum Institute" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: none;">American Petroleum Institute</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Fuel_and_Petrochemical_Manufacturers" title="American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: none;">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers</a>, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Manufacturers" title="National Association of Manufacturers" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: none;">National Association of Manufacturers</a>, initially intervened in the case as defendants, joining the U.S. government in trying to have the case dismissed.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-wapost_may2017-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[15]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-pacstd_june_2017-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[16]</a> Pre-trial hearings were held in March 2016 before U.S. Magistrate Judge Thomas Coffin. The U.S. Department of Justice argued that there was "no constitutional right to a pollution-free environment", and that the court system was not the proper venue to affect such changes.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-cnn_mar2016-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[12]</a> Coffin ruled in April 2016 recommending that both <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion(legal)" title="Motion (legal)" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">motions</a> to dismiss were denied; Coffin found that while the case was "unprecedented", it had sufficient merit to continue.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-mashable_apr2016-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[13]</a> Coffin's decision was upheld by Judge Aiken, who ruled in November 2016 that the right to "a climate system capable of sustaining human life" was a fundamental right similar to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay marriage" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">gay marriage</a> as decided by the recent Supreme Court case, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obergefell_v_Hodges" class="mw-redirect" title="Obergefell v Hodges" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Obergefell v Hodges</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-slate_nov2016-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[17]</a> According to Michael Gerrard, the director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">Columbia University</a>, "this decision goes further than any other court ever has in declaring a fundamental obligation of government to prevent dangerous climate change",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-slate_nov2016-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[17]</a> and Judge Aiken’s decision that there might be a constitutional right to a sound environment was the first such ruling ever from a federal court.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Atlantic-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[18]</a> Preliminary trial dates were set for 2017.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-slate_nov2016-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[17]</a>Following the 2016 election, the federal defendants filed a response to the plaintiff's complaint on January 13, 2017, one week before President Obama left office.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[19]</a> In their response, the federal defendants denied that they had <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribution_of_recent_climate_change" title="Attribution of recent climate change" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">caused climate change</a> or specific climate change impacts such as increased temperatures, drought conditions, warmer water temperatures, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-chart-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[20]</a> About a month later, the complaint was amended to make the lead defendant newly-elected President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-chart-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[20]</a> In the months that followed, the fossil fuel industry groups requested that they be removed from the case, believing that the Department of Justice under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Administration" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Trump Administration</a> would vigorously defend the case, unlike the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama Administration" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Obama Administration</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-wapost_may2017-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[15]</a> HMMN RATIONALE?The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Manufacturers" title="National Association of Manufacturers" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">National Association of Manufacturers</a>, one of the fossil fuel groups, said that "as the dynamics have changed over the last several months, we no longer feel that our participation in this case is needed to safeguard industry and our workers".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-wapost_may2017-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[15]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-pacstd_june_2017-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[16]</a> In late June 2017, Judge Coffin released the fossil fuel industry defendants from the case, as well as establishing a trial date on February 5, 2018 before Judge Aiken.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[21]</a><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;">Government objections[</h3>In early June 2017, the Department of Justice filed a motion requesting that Judge Aiken rule on its prior motion for an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlocutory_appeal" title="Interlocutory appeal" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">interlocutory appeal</a> to the Ninth Circuit of Judge Aiken's November 2016 decision on the justiciability of the plaintiffs' claims, by June 9 or the department would directly seek a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writ_of_mandamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Writ of mandamus" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">writ of mandamus</a> regarding the issue in the Ninth Circuit.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-think_june2017-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[22]</a> Judge Aiken denied the motion requesting the interlocutory appeal on June 8,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[23]</a> leading the government to petition the Ninth Circuit for a writ of mandamus on June 11. The government's petition argued that the Ninth Circuit needed to act to correct "multiple and clear errors of law in refusing to dismiss an action that seeks wholesale changes in federal government policy based on utterly unprecedented legal theories".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[24]</a> The government also argued that the pre-trial discovery phase would cause the government harm due to the volume of data and evidence they would need to provide.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-mashable_nov2017-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[25]</a>After receiving responses from the plaintiffs, the Ninth Circuit opted in November 2017 to hear oral arguments before making their decision.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-mashable_nov2017-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[25]</a> These arguments were held on December 11, 2017 in front of Judges <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Thomas" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">Sidney Thomas</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Kozinski" title="Alex Kozinski" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">Alex Kozinski</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_Berzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsha Berzon" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">Marsha Berzon</a>. A few days later, Judge Kozinski stepped down from the Ninth Circuit.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[26]</a> On December 21, 2017, Judge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Friedland" title="Michelle Friedland" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">Michelle Friedland</a> was appointed to replace Kozinski. Due to the Ninth Circuit's hearing, the planned trial date at District Court was put on hold.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[27]</a> On March 7, 2018, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously rejected the requested writ of mandamus in a decision by Judge Thomas.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[28]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[29]</a> The District Court trial was then rescheduled to start October 29, 2018.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Eugene-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[30]</a>The government then petitioned the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: none;">Supreme Court of the United States</a> requesting a stay to delay the trial. On July 30, 2018, the Supreme Court issued a brief order, denying the government's request for a stay as premature but expressing skepticism about the lawsuit, as well as noting that the breadth of the plaintiffs' claims was "striking" and requesting that the District Court issue a prompt ruling on the government's motions challenging the overall justiciability of those claims.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[31]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[32]</a>Following the Supreme Court's order, the government again presented two motions to dismiss the case to Judge Aiken in July 2018. One motion stated that the case, in addressing multiple government agencies, violated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Act(United_States)" title="Administrative Procedure Act (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">Administrative Procedure Act</a>, while the other motion challenged the youths' standing in the case.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[33]</a> While Judge Aiken said she would rule promptly on the motions, she had not issued her decision by October 5, causing the government again to request an emergency stay from the Ninth Circuit via a second writ of mandamus, asking them to delay the case until Aiken ruled on the two motions.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[34]</a> On October 15, Judge Aiken ruled on the two motions, denying both. Aiken also removed President Trump as a defendant in the case without prejudice, meaning that he could be re-added to the case at a later stage, and reaffirmed the trial start date of October 29.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[35]</a>In response, on October 18, 2018, the U.S. government submitted an emergency motion to the Supreme Court, again requesting to stay the trial.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-36" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[36]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Howe-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[37]</a> The government claimed that, "Absent relief from this court, the government imminently will be forced to participate in a 50-day trial that would violate bedrock requirements for agency decision making and judicial review imposed by the [Administrative Procedure Act] and the separation of powers."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[38]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-39" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[39]</a> Chief Justice <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: none;">John Roberts</a> of the Supreme Court granted the stay the next day, pending receipt of a response to the government's brief from the plaintiffs.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[40]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Howe-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[37]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[41]</a> An environmental law professor at UCLA opined, with regard to this stay, "It's certainly a signal that the court is uncomfortable with the underlying legal theory of the Juliana case."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Vox-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[14]</a> On October 24, 2018, Judge Aiken filed an order vacating the trial start date of October 29 and placing a hold on the rest of the trial schedule.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-42" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[42]</a>On November 2, the Supreme Court (by a 7–2 vote) denied the government's request for a writ of mandamus and vacated the stay, holding that the government could still be granted pretrial relief from the Ninth Circuit.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-scotus_2018nov2-43" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[43]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Marris-44" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[44]</a> In its order, the court noted that, even though the Ninth Circuit had already denied the government's request for relief twice, the reasons supporting its denials on the prior occasions "are, to a large extent, no longer pertinent".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Howe2-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[45]</a> The order was issued without prejudice, leaving open the possibility that the case could return to the Supreme Court again prior to trial, depending upon the actions taken by the Ninth Circuit.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Howe2-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[45]</a><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;">Interlocutory appeal[</h3>On November 8, 2018, consistent with the Supreme Court's order of November 2, 2018, the Ninth Circuit granted an indefinite stay on the trial pending its ruling on the government's request for a writ of mandamus, as well as requesting briefs from both the plaintiffs and the trial court on the writ and requiring the trial court to rule on the government's renewed motion for an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlocutory_appeal" title="Interlocutory appeal" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">interlocutory appeal</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-46" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[46]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[47]</a> On November 21, 2018, Judge Aiken reversed her position and granted the government's request for an interlocutory appeal, putting the entire case on hold until the higher courts have ruled on this appeal.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-48" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[48]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-49" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[49]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Adler-50" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[50]</a> On permission granted, the government filed a petition with the Ninth Circuit on November 30, 2018, for interlocutory review of the order on motions to dismiss and the order on motions for judgment on the pleadings and summary judgment. An answer was filed with the Court by the plaintiffs on December 10, 2018.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-51" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[51]</a>On December 26, 2018, the Ninth Circuit denied the requested writ of mandamus as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mootness" title="Mootness" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: none;">moot</a> but granted the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlocutory_appeal" title="Interlocutory appeal" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: none;">interlocutory appeal</a> by a 2–1 vote.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-52" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[52]</a> Subsequently, as requested by plaintiffs, the Ninth Circuit set an expedited schedule for the appeal, requiring the government's opening appeal brief by February 1, 2019, the plaintiff's response brief by February 22, 2019, and all briefing to be completed by March 8, 2019.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-53" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[53]</a> The government's appeal brief again challenged the unique constitutional and statutory rulings on standing, fundamental rights, and the public trust doctrine made by the district court.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-54" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[54]</a> On February 7, 2019, the plaintiffs filed an "extraordinary motion" asking the Ninth Circuit to issue a preliminary injunction by March 19, 2019, blocking the federal government from approving any <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">fossil fuel</a> production activities either on federal land or needing federal approval, such as coal mining on federal land, oil or natural gas drilling offshore, or pipelines that need federal approval.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-55" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[55]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-56" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[56]</a>. In opposition, the federal government noted that the case was filed over 3.5 years before the plaintiff's initial request for an emergency injunction.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-57" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[57]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-58" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[58]</a> Meanwhile, the plaintiffs argued in part that the appeal was improvidently granted and that the case should be returned to Judge Aiken.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-59" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[59]</a> The Ninth Circuit scheduled oral argument on the appeal for the week of June 3, 2019 in Portland,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-60" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[60]</a> and the appeal was ultimately heard on June 4 in front of a different three-judge panel from the Ninth Circuit consisting of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_H.Murguia" title="Mary H. Murguia" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Mary H. Murguia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_D.Hurwitz" title="Andrew D. Hurwitz" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Andrew D. Hurwitz</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Staton" title="Josephine Staton" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Josephine Staton</a> (sitting by designation), all of whom were appointed to the bench by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="President Obama" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">President Obama</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-61" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[61]</a>Some legal experts believed that the interlocutory appeal "could (and, indeed, likely will) bring this litigation to an end" due to the Supreme Court's already-expressed skepticism.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Adler-50" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[50]</a> Other experts, such as the director of Columbia University's climate change center, noted that any decision in favor of the plaintiffs likely would be reversed by the Supreme Court, which has been reluctant to declare new rights and which unanimously held in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Electric_Power_Co.v.Connecticut" title="American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut</a> that it was not for the courts to decide appropriate levels of pollution.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-Atlantic-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[18]</a>On January 17, 2020, on a 2–1 vote, the Ninth Circuit panel dismissed the case for lack of Article III standing. Writing for the majority, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_D.Hurwitz" title="Andrew D. Hurwitz" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: none;">Judge Hurwitz</a> wrote that "it is beyond the power of an Article III court to order, design, supervise, or implement the plaintiffs' requested remedial plan. As the opinions of their experts make plain, any effective plan would necessarily require a host of complex policy decisions entrusted, for better or worse, to the wisdom and discretion of the executive and legislative branches."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-toss-62" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[62]</a> In dissent, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_L.Staton" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephine L. Staton" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Judge Staton</a> characterized the majority as shirking its judicial responsibility to rectify a grave constitutional wrong in the manner the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">U.S. Supreme Court</a> laudably did in its landmark <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v.Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Brown v. Board of Education</a> decision, stating, "My colleagues throw up their hands, concluding that this case presents nothing fit for the Judiciary."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-63" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[63]</a> She further argued, "No case can singlehandedly prevent the catastrophic effects of climate change predicted by the government and scientists. But a federal court need not manage all of the delicate foreign relations and regulatory minutiae implicated by climate change to offer real relief, and the mere fact that this suit cannot alone halt climate change does not mean that it presents no claim suitable for judicial resolution."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-64" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[64]</a> In an analogy from her impassioned dissent that became widely cited in the news media,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-65" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[65]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-66" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[66]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-67" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[67]</a> Judge Staton stated that "[i]n these proceedings, the government accepts as fact that the United States has reached a tipping point crying out for a concerted response – yet presses ahead toward calamity. It is as if an asteroid were barreling toward Earth and the government decided to shut down our only defenses. Seeking to quash this suit, the government bluntly insists that it has the absolute and unreviewable power to destroy the Nation."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-68" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[68]</a> Lawyers for the plaintiffs stated their intent to appeal this dismissal to the full Ninth Circuit sitting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">en banc</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-toss-62" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[62]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v.United_States#cite_note-toss2-69" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[69]</a> and subsequently filed such a petition. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v._United_States#cite_note-70" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: none;">[70]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Involved parties</h2></div></div><div></div></div></div>