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RawStory NO LNX $

RawStory

Secret donors paid millions to Clarence Thomas-linked law firm with Supreme Court cases

Alexandria Jacobson, Investigative Reporter

September 21, 2026

Secret donors paid millions to Clarence Thomas-linked law firm with Supreme Court cases

Clarence Thomas attends the swearing-in ceremony of Pam Bondi as attorney general at the White House. Photograph: Kent Nishimura/Reuters

A conservative law firm with deep ties to Justice Clarence Thomas, President Donald Trump and a history of arguing more than a dozen cases on hot-button right-wing causes before the Supreme Court took in more than $33.5 million from nonprofit dark money networks, according to new watchdog research.

Consovoy McCarthy, a boutique conservative law firm started in 2014, brought in more than $29 million since 2015 from nonprofits associated with Leonard Leo, a co-chair of the Federalist Society, a Project 2025 contributor and architect of the conservative supermajority on the Supreme Court, alone, according to tax filings analyzed by True North Research, a progressive investigative research firm.

Leo has a well-documented history of using his networks to funnel money to ultraconservative causes, from working to limit access to abortion medication to supporting anti-trans laws.

ALSO READ: Bombshell memo on horrific race massacre exposes complicit FBI: 'They lied like crazy'

Nonprofits do not need to disclose the identities of their donors, and when such groups support political causes without revealing the sources of their funding, it's considered “dark money.”

Consovoy McCarthy has “become a go-to for these far-right networks, especially networks tied to Leonard Leo ... who's seeking to impose his agenda on all Americans by weaponizing the court system,” said Alyssa Bowen, deputy director at True North Research.

“We've seen Consovoy McCarthy undertake a ton of cases furthering Leo's agenda as they're enriching themselves with Leo cash and cash from other far-right dark money operatives.”

Have a tip? I want to hear it.

I'm an investigative reporter covering politics and government accountability. If you have information the public should know — inside government, a campaign or anywhere power operates with too little scrutiny — I want to hear from you."

I protect sources and can communicate securely and confidentially.

Alexandria Jacobson

Investigative Reporter, Raw Story

alexandria@rawstory.com

Consovoy McCarthy took in money from nonprofits associated with other conservative activists like Edward Blum, who has brought at least eight cases to the Supreme Court, mostly about race-conscious college admissions and voting rights.

“You've got money funneled through a nonprofit organization, you don't really know if there's a wealthy mega donor or special interest helping bankroll the legal arguments that are appearing before a court,” said Michael Beckel, money in politics reform director at Issue One, a bipartisan nonprofit that advocates for reducing the influence of money in politics.

“You don't know if a wealthy donor or special interest is helping underwrite this type of legal advocacy when so much money flows through a nonprofit network.”

Consovoy McCarthy argued high-profile cases before the Supreme Court, including Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard, which effectively ended affirmative action in 2023 and was spearheaded by Blum.

The biggest nonprofit contribution Consovoy McCarthy took in was more than $1.8 million from Students for Fair Admissions in 2018.

In total, the firm took in nearly $8.8 million from the nonprofit founded by Blum, according to tax filings.

“There's a lot of money behind the legal challenges to a lot of these high-profile cases that we see from voting rights law to affirmative action cases, other race-conscious policies,” Beckel said.

“These are very hot-button issues right now, and where there's heat, there's fire, and when you've got the ability to bring big guns into the courtroom, there's some donors who are more than willing to have their money help pay for that type of legal representation all across the ideological spectrum.”

The firm also represented Trump in his effort to conceal his tax returns.

Six of Consovoy McCarthy’s 11 partners clerked for Thomas. Another clerked for Chief Justice John Roberts.

“When you've got many of your partners previously clerking for a specific Supreme Court justice, that can give you an edge in the courtroom. That can give you an edge in recruiting and landing new clients. It can give you an edge in landing major cases before the Supreme Court,” Beckel said.

“These are individuals who might have a particular insight into how Clarence Thomas approaches the decisions that he makes on the bench. If you've got lawyers with special insights into how a Supreme Court justice thinks, that can be very lucrative.”

Thomas McCarthy, co-founder of Consovoy McCarthy, Blum and Leo could not be immediately reached for comment for this story.

'Sad state of politics'

The 85 Fund, managed by Leo, is formerly known as the Judicial Education Project and is the oldest in his dark money network. It gave Consovoy McCarthy $5.65 million between 2016 and 2023.

America First Legal Foundation, co-founded by Stephen Miller, White House deputy chief of staff and a recipient of funding from the Leo-connected donor-advised fund, DonorsTrust, paid Consovoy McCarthy nearly $235,000 in 2022.

Do No Harm, a medical and policy advocacy nonprofit associated with Blum and funded by Leo's network, paid Consovoy McCarthy more than $1.4 million total in 2022 and 2024. The Southern Poverty Law Center has designated Do No Harm as an anti-LGBTQ+ hate group that promotes conversion therapy.

Consovoy McCarthy was paid more than $544,000 from the Project on Fair Representation, founded by Blum.

“There's a coordinated effort by a few billionaire-backed political operatives that are throwing … their weight behind legal cases that undermine policies that help people and benefit politicians or billionaires,” Bowen said.

Speech First, which says it works to protect free speech rights on college campuses and is associated with the conservative billionaire Koch brothers, paid the firm more than $7.3 million total between 2018 and 2024.

The U.S. Chamber Litigation Center, which works on “defending Trump-era deregulation in court,” paid Consovoy McCarthy nearly $200,000.

Defending Education, formerly Parents Defending Education, which advocates for removing critical race theory and diversity, equity and inclusion from schools, paid Consovoy McCarthy $4 million total since 2021. Blum is a board member.

These nonprofits have been considered dark money networks with lack of transparency about their funders.

“Dark money has an incredible influence in the judicial system, as well as the political arena writ large,” Beckel said....

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JOHN C SULLIVAN S/L LAW CEDAR HILL TX

JUDD E STONE II STONE HILTON AUSTIN

CHRIS D HILTON


Judgment REVERSED. Roberts, C. J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, and Barrett, JJ., joined. Thomas, J., filed a concurring opinion. Gorsuch, J., filed a concurring opinion, in which Thomas, J., joined. Kavanaugh, J., filed a concurring opinion. Sotomayor, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which Kagan, J., joined, and in which Jackson, J., joined as it applies to No. 21–707. Jackson, J., filed a dissenting opinion in No. 21–707, in which Sotomayor and Kagan, JJ., joined. Jackson, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of the case in No. 20–1199. (Opinion also for No. 21-707). VIDED.


BRIEF OF ECONOMISTS AS AMICI CURIAE

IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS ___ C. BOYDEN GRAY Counsel of Record

JONATHAN BERRY MICHAEL B. BUSCHBACHER JAMES R. CONDE T. ELLIOT GAISER JORDAN E. SMITH

BOYDEN GRAY & ASSOCIATES 801 17th Street NW, #350 Washington, DC 20006 (202) 955-0620 info@boydengrayassociates.com

iNTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE1

Amici Michael P. Keane, Hanming Fang, Christopher J. Flinn, Stefan Hoderlein, Yingyao Hu, Joseph P. Kaboski, Glenn C. Loury, Thomas A. Mroz, and Matthew S. Shum

are distinguished economists who have extensively studied the kind of statistical and econometrics tools used by the experts in this case. Indeed, Harvard’s statistician admitted that he assigns writings from amicus Dr. Keane to explain to his students the very tools used in this case. JA3232:23–3234:1.

The institutional affiliations of amici are listed for identification purposes only in Appendix A. Amici agree that the statistical evidence in this case shows that Harvard discriminates based on race in admissions.

INTRODUCTION For the first time, extensive discovery into Harvard’s admissions process has allowed expert statisticians under the hood, so to speak, to examine the extent to which Harvard discriminates based on race. The dataset in this case is comprehensive, including hundreds of applicant characteristics for the approximately 150,000 people who applied to Harvard over six years of admissions. This extensive dataset...

APPENDIX A: AFFILIATIONS OF AMICI CURIAE Michael P. Keane, Professor of Economics and at the University of New South Wales. Hanming Fang, Professor of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania. Christopher J. Flinn, Professor of Economics at New York University. Stefan Hoderlein, Professor of Economics at Boston College. Yingyao Hu, Professor and Chair of Economics at Johns Hopkins University. Joseph P. Kaboski, Professor of Economics at the University of Notre Dame. Glenn C. Loury, Professor of Economics at Brown University. Thomas A. Mroz, Professor in the Department of Economics at Georgia State University. Matthew S. Shum, Professor of Economics at the California Institute of Technology

...

A. The court below erred when it suggested the statistical evidence of an Asian American “penalty” was not significant

...

p 28

hat “[p]rivileged students likely have better access to schools with low student-to-teacher ratios and teachers and guidance counselors with more time to write strong, individualized recommendations.” App.92. That may or may not be so, but it is not in the record and was not subjected to the crucible of the adversarial process. Reliance on that non-record evidence is error, and alone justifies rejection of the court’s assertion of omitted variable bias. Second, even if one credited the court’s white privilege theory, this would strengthen, not weaken, the case for excluding the personal rating. The relevant statistical question is whether the personal rating is biased by race, not whether it is biased against Asian Americans compared to whites. A variable is biased even if it includes tips for African Americans and Hispanics. If unobserved white privilege explained the apparent bias in the personal rating, one would expect that African Americans and Hispanics who also lack the same white privilege would have worse personal rating scores if this data were available.

Thus, even assuming the court’s hypothesis is correct, the conclusion one would have to draw from it is that Harvard’s tips for African Americans and Hispanics in the personal rating are even larger than they appear based on the observable data, and even more unlikely to be caused by omitted variable bias. The court’s white privilege hypothesis was unsound. The personal rating should be excluded. The court’s conclusion to the contrary raises no vehicle concerns because it was meritless.


No. 20-1199

Title:Students for Fair Admissions, Inc., Petitioner

v.

President and Fellows of Harvard College

Docketed:March 1, 2021
Linked with 21A393
Lower Ct:United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
Case Numbers:(19-2005)
Decision Date:November 12, 2020

Questions Presented

DATEPROCEEDINGS AND ORDERS
Feb 25 2021Petition for a writ of certiorari filed. (Response due March 31, 2021)

PetitionAppendixCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Mar 03 2021Motion to extend the time to file a response from March 31, 2021 to May 17, 2021, submitted to The Clerk.

Main Document

Mar 04 2021Motion to extend the time to file a response is granted and the time is extended to and including May 17, 2021.
Mar 23 2021Brief amici curiae of Gail Heriot and Peter N. Kirsanow filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 25 2021Brief amicus curiae of Southeastern Legal Foundation filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Mar 25 2021Brief amicus curiae of Professor David E. Bernstein filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 26 2021Brief amicus curiae of Economists in Support of Petitioner filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 29 2021Brief amicus curiae of National Association of Scholars filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 30 2021Brief amicus curiae of Speech First filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 30 2021Brief amicus curiae of Texas filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 30 2021Brief amici curiae of Pacific Legal Foundation, Reason Foundation, Center for Equal Opportunity, Individual Rights Foundation, Chinese American Citizens Alliance - Greater New York, Coalition for TJ, and Yi Fang Chen filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amicus curiae of Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Mar 31 2021Brief amicus curiae of Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amici curiae of The Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law and the Silicon Valley Chinese Association Foundation filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amicus curiae of Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amicus curiae of Former Attorney General Edwin Meese III filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amici curiae of State of Oklahoma, et al. filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amici curiae of Judicial Watch, Inc. and Allied Educational Foundation filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amicus curiae of Richard Sander in support of neither filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amici curiae of The Asian American Coalition For Education and The Asian American Legal Foundation filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amicus curiae of The Californians for Equal Rights Foundation filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amicus curiae of Former Federal Officials of the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Mar 31 2021Brief amicus curiae of The Liberty Justice Center filed.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

May 17 2021Brief of respondent President and Fellows of Harvard College in opposition filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 19 2021Letter waiving the 14-day waiting period for the filing of a reply pursuant to Rule 15.5 filed.

Main Document

May 24 2021Reply of petitioner Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. filed. (Distributed)

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 25 2021DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 6/10/2021.
Jun 14 2021The Acting Solicitor General is invited to file a brief in this case expressing the views of the United States.
Dec 08 2021Amicus brief of United States not accepted for filing. (December 09, 2021 - to be corrected and reprinted)
Dec 08 2021Brief amicus curiae of United States filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountOther

Dec 21 2021Supplemental brief of respondent President and Fellows of Harvard College filed. (Distributed)

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Dec 22 2021DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 1/7/2022.
Dec 22 2021Supplemental brief of petitioner Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. filed. (Distributed)

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Jan 10 2022DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 1/14/2022.
Jan 18 2022DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 1/21/2022.
Jan 24 2022Petition GRANTED. The petition for a writ of certiorari in No. 21-707 is granted. The cases are consolidated, and a total of one hour is allotted for oral argument. VIDED.
Jan 24 2022Because the Court has consolidated these cases for briefing and oral argument, future filings and activity in the cases will now be reflected on the docket of No. 20-1199. Subsequent filings in these cases must therefore be submitted through the electronic filing system in No. 20-1199. Each document submitted in connection with one or more of these cases must include on its cover the case number and caption for each case in which the filing is intended to be submitted. Where a filing is submitted in fewer than all of the cases, the docket entry will reflect the case number(s) in which the filing is submitted; a document filed in all of the consolidated cases will be noted as “VIDED.”
Feb 02 2022Joint motion for an extension of time to file the briefs on the merits filed. VIDED.

Main Document

Feb 02 2022Application (21A393) of petitioner to file consolidated opening and reply briefs on the merits in excess of the word limits, submitted to The Chief Justice. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of Service

Feb 04 2022Joint motion to extend the time to file the briefs on the merits granted. The time to file the joint appendix and petitioner's brief on the merits is extended to and including May 2, 2022. The time to file respondents' briefs on the merits is extended to and including July 25, 2022. VIDED.
Feb 07 2022Notice of Change of Address of Speech First not accepted for filing. (February 15, 2022)
Feb 08 2022Application (21A393) of petitioner to file consolidated opening and reply briefs on the merits in excess of the word limits granted by The Chief Justice. VIDED.
Mar 25 2022Blanket Consent filed by Petitioner, Students for Fair Admissions, Inc.

Blanket Consent

Mar 25 2022Blanket Consent filed (in 21-707) by Respondent, Cecilia Polanco, et al.

Blanket Consent

Mar 28 2022Blanket Consent filed by Respondent, President and Fellows of Harvard College

Blanket Consent

Mar 31 2022Blanket Consent filed by Respondent, The University of North Carolina, et al.

Blanket Consent

May 02 2022Brief of petitioner Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 02 2022Joint appendix -4 Volumes (as to 20-1199) filed (statement of costs filed).

Main DocumentMain DocumentMain DocumentMain DocumentProof of Service

May 02 2022Motion for leave to file Volume IV of the joint appendix under seal filed by respondents Cecilia Polanco, et al. (as to 21-707).

Main DocumentProof of Service

May 02 2022Proposal of petitioner to lodge declarations of SFFA President and identified members recently denied admission to Harvard and UNC filed. VIDED.

Main Document

May 02 2022Joint appendix - 3 volumes (as to 21-707) filed (statement of costs filed).

Main DocumentMain DocumentMain DocumentProof of Service

May 03 2022Brief amici curiae of The Liberty Justice Center and Momoko Takahashi filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 03 2022Brief amicus curiae of Professor David E. Bernstein filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 04 2022Brief amicus curiae of Southeastern Legal Foundation filed (in 20-1199).

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

May 05 2022Brief amicus curiae of Professor Fiona A. Harrison in Support of Neither Party filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 05 2022Brief amicus curiae of The Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law and the Silicon Valley Chinese Association Foundation filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 05 2022Brief amici curiae of Pacific Legal Foundation, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 06 2022Brief amicus curiae of Speech First filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 06 2022Brief amicus curiae of LONANG Institute filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 06 2022Brief amicus curiae of National Association of Scholars filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 06 2022Brief amici curiae of Former Federal Officials of the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountCertificate of Word Count

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of Judicial Watch, Inc. and Allied Educational Foundation filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of Economists in Support of Petitioner filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Veterans for Fairness and Merit filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of American Center for Law & Justice and Devon Westhill filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of United States Senators and Representatives filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of The Californians for Equal Rights Foundation filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of Oklahoma, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of America First Legal Foundation in support of neither party filed.

Certificate of Word CountProof of ServiceMain Document

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Project 21 filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty in support of neither party filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of Mark Keith Robinson and Winsome Earle-Sears filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of Gail Heriot, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Claremont Institutes Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence filed.VIDED

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Former Attorney General Edwin Meese III filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Legal Insurrection Foundation filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of The State of Texas filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of The Asian American Coalition For Education and The Asian American Legal Foundation filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Foundation Against Intolerance & Racism filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Freedom X filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Richard Sander filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amici curiae of Ann M. Killenbeck, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

May 09 2022Brief amicus curiae of Parents Defending Education filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Jun 13 2022Motion of respondents Cecilia Polanco, et al. for leave to file Volume IV of the joint appendix in No. 21-707 under seal GRANTED.
Jul 19 2022Brief amicus curiae of David Boyle filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Jul 22 2022This case is no longer consolidated with No. 21-707, Students for Fair Admissions v. University of NC, et al., and one hour is allotted for oral argument. Justice Jackson took no part in the consideration of this order.
Jul 25 2022Brief of respondent President and Fellows of Harvard College filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Jul 25 2022Brief amici curiae of 25 Harvard Student and Alumni Organizations filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Jul 27 2022Amici brief of Human Rights Advocates, et al. not accepted for filing. (July 29, 2022 - to be reprinted and resubmitted for cover error.)
Jul 27 2022Brief amici curiae of Human Rights Advocates, et al. filed. VIDED. (Aug. 3, 2022)

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Jul 28 2022Brief amici curiae of Association of American Medical Colleges, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Jul 29 2022Brief amici curiae of 1,241 Social Scientists and Scholars on College Access, et al. filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Jul 29 2022Brief amici curiae of 25 Diverse, California-Focused Bar Associations, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Jul 29 2022Brief amicus curiae of HR Policy Association filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Jul 29 2022Brief amicus curiae of The Council of the Great City Schools filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Jul 29 2022Brief amicus curiae of Professor F. Andrew Hessick filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of National Asian Pacific American Bar Association, et al. and National LGBTQ+ Bar Association filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Amicus brief of Professors of Economics not accepted for filing. (Corrected brief and PDF to be submitted.)
Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Professors of Economics filed. (Aug. 16, 2022)

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amicus curiae of The American Bar Association filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amicus curiae of Anti-Defamation League filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of The American Psychological Association, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of National School Boards Association, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of American Educational Research Association, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Admissions and Testing Professionals filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Amici brief of Admissions and Testing Professionals not accepted for filing. (August 31, 2022--Duplicate submission.)
Aug 01 2022Brief amicus curiae of National Black Law Students Association filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of National Women's Law Center and 37 Additional Organizations Committed to Race and Gender Equality filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Asian Americans Advancing Justice, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of American Association for Access, Equity and Diversity and Fund for Leadership, Equity, Access and Diversity filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of HBCU Leaders and National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amicus curiae of National Academy of Education filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of American G.I. Forum, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Deborah Cohen and 67 Other Professors filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Georgetown University, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amicus curiae of Constitutional Accountability Center filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amicus curiae of United States filed.

Main DocumentProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of College Board, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of United States Senators and Former Senators filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Students and Alumni of Harvard College filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of President and Chancellors of the University of California filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Multicultural Media, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amicus curiae of The Law Firm Antiracism Alliance filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Amherst, Barnard, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae, for divided argument, and for enlargement of time for oral argument filed.

Main DocumentProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amicus curiae of American Federation of Teachers filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Washington Bar Association, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Major American Business Enterprises filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Robert C. "Bobby" Scott, Member of Congress, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Southern Governors filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountCertificate of Word Count

Aug 01 2022Amicus brief of Empirical Scholars not accepted for filing. (Corrected brief and PDF to be submitted-- August 11, 2022)
Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Empirical Scholars filed. VIDED. (Aug. 11, 2022)

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of American Council on Education and 39 Other Higher Education Associations filed. VIDED. (To be reprinted with new PDF submitted.)
Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of American Council on Education and 39 Other Higher Education Associations filed. VIDED. (Aug. 10, 2022)

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of National Association of Basketball Coaches, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of American Civil Liberties Union, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Deans of U.S. Law Schools filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Aug 01 2022Brief amicus curiae of The University of Michigan filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Legal Scholars Defending Race-Conscious Admissions filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Brown University, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Applied Materials, Inc., et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Professors of History and Law filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Massachusetts et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Adm. Charles S. Abbot, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentProof of ServiceCertificate of Word Count

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Black Women Law Scholars filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Individual Scientists filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Faith Organizations, et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Amicus brief of National Education Association et al. not accepted for filing. (Corrected version submitted-- August 10, 2022)
Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of National Education Association et al. filed. VIDED.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 01 2022Amicus brief of Youth Advocates and Experts on Educational Access not accepted for filing. (Corrected brief and PDF to be submitted.)
Aug 01 2022Brief amici curiae of Youth Advocates and Experts on Educational Access filed. VIDED. (Aug. 11, 2022)

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 03 2022ARGUMENT SET FOR Monday, October 31, 2022.
Aug 03 2022Motion of 25 Harvard Student and Alumni Organizations, out of time, for leave to participate in oral argument as amici curiae, for divided argument, and for enlargement of time for oral argument filed.

Main DocumentProof of Service

Aug 04 2022Response to motion of 25 Harvard Student and Alumni Organizations from respondent President and Fellows of Harvard College filed.

Main Document

Aug 24 2022Reply of petitioner Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. filed.

Main DocumentCertificate of Word CountProof of Service

Aug 31 2022CIRCULATED
Sep 09 2022Motion of 25 Harvard Student and Alumni Organizations, out of time, for leave to participate in oral argument as amici curiae, for divided argument, and for enlargement of time for oral argument is DENIED. Justice Jackson took no part in the consideration or decision of this motion.
Sep 09 2022Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae, for divided argument, and for enlargement of time for oral argument GRANTED. Justice Jackson took no part in the consideration or decision of this motion.
Sep 12 2022Record requested from the U.S.C.A. 1st Circuit.
Oct 25 2022Record from the U.S.C.A. 1st circuit is electronic and located on the First Circuit docket, also on Pacer. 1 Sealed document (AMENDED SEALED SUPPLEMENTAL APPENDIX) has been electronically filed.
Oct 31 2022Argued. For petitioner: Cameron T. Norris, Arlington, Va. For respondent: Seth P. Waxman, Washington, D. C.; and Elizabeth B. Prelogar, Solicitor General, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. (for United States, as amicus curiae.)
Nov 07 2022Record received from the USDC-Massachusetts. Sealed pleadings transmitted electronically. Remainder of pleadings available on PACER.
Jun 29 2023Judgment REVERSED. Roberts, C. J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, and Barrett, JJ., joined. Thomas, J., filed a concurring opinion. Gorsuch, J., filed a concurring opinion, in which Thomas, J., joined. Kavanaugh, J., filed a concurring opinion. Sotomayor, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which Kagan, J., joined, and in which Jackson, J., joined as it applies to No. 21–707. Jackson, J., filed a dissenting opinion in No. 21–707, in which Sotomayor and Kagan, JJ., joined. Jackson, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of the case in No. 20–1199. (Opinion also for No. 21-707). VIDED.
Jul 07 2023Letter from counsel for amici curiae Association of American Medical Colleges, et al. received.
Jul 18 2023Record returned to the U.S.C.A.-1st Circuit (sealed supplemental appendix).
Jul 31 2023Judgment issued.

Main Document

NAMEADDRESSPHONE

Attorneys for Petitioner

Cameron Thomas Norris

    Counsel of Record
Consovoy McCarthy PLLC

1600 Wilson Blvd., Ste 700

Arlington, VA 22209

cam@consovoymccarthy.com703-243-9423

Party name: Students for Fair Admissions, Inc.

Attorneys for Respondent

David G. Hinojosa

    Counsel of Record
Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law

1500 K Street NW

Suite 900

Washington, DC 20005

dhinojosa@lawyerscommittee.org2026628600

Party name: Cecilia Polanco, et al.

Ryan Young Park

    Counsel of Record
North Carolina Department of Justice

P.O. Box 629

Raleigh, NC 27602

rpark@ncdoj.gov9197166400

Party name: The University of North Carolina, et al.

Seth P. Waxman

    Counsel of Record
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP

2100 Pennsylvania Ave, NW

Washington, DC 20037

SETH.WAXMAN@WILMERHALE.COM202-663-6800

Party name: President and Fellows of Harvard College

Other

Elizabeth B. Prelogar

    Counsel of Record
Solicitor General

United States Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20530-0001

SUPREMECTBRIEFS@USDOJ.GOV202-514-2217

Party name: United States

Angelo N. Ancheta

    Counsel of Record
53 Delano Avenue

San Francisco, CA 94112

angelo@ancheta.law415-672-0737

Party name: American Educational Research Association, et al.

Ginger D. Anders

    Counsel of Record
Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP

601 Massachusetts Avenue, NW

Suite 500E

Washington, DC 20001-5369

ginger.anders@mto.com2022201107

Party name: President and Chancellors of the University of California

Deborah N. Archer

    Counsel of Record
NYU School of Law

245 Sullivan Street

Room 610

New York, NY 10012

deborah.archer@nyu.edu2129986882

Party name: National Black Law Students Association

Bradley Alan Benbrook

    Counsel of Record
Benbrook Law Group

400 Capitol Mall, Suite 2530

Sacramento, CA 95814

brad@benbrooklawgroup.com9164474900

Party name: Speech First

Brigida Benitez

    Counsel of Record
Steptoe & Johnson LLP

1330 Connecticut Ave., N. W.

Washington, DC 20036

bbenitez@steptoe.com2024293000

Party name: Robert C. "Bobby" Scott, Member of Congress and 64 Other Members of Congress

Upnit K. Bhatti

    Counsel of Record
Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP

1152 15th Street NW

Washington, DC 20005

ubhatti@orrick.com(202) 339-8400

Party name: Washington Bar Association and Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia

John W. Borkowski

    Counsel of Record
Husch Blackwell

120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 2200

Chicago, IL 60606

john.borkowski@huschblackwell.com312-526-1538

Party name: The Council of the Great City Schools

David Christopher Boyle

    Counsel of Record
PO Box 15143

Long Beach, CA 90815

dbo@boyleslaw.org(734)-904-6132

Party name: David Boyle

Thomas L. Brejcha Jr.

    Counsel of Record
309 W Washington Street

Suite 1250

Chicago, IL 60606

brejcha@aol.com3127821680

Party name: Mark Keith Robinson and Winsome Earle-Sears

Michael Alan Brown

    Counsel of Record
Nelson Mullins Riley and Scarborough LLP

100 S. Charles Street

Suite 1600

Baltimore, MD 21201

mike.brown@nelsonmullins.com443-392-9401

Party name: College Board, National Association for College Admission Counseling, American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, and Act, Inc.

John J. Bursch

    Counsel of Record
Alliance Defending Freedom

440 First Street, NW

Suite 600

Washington, DC 20001

jbursch@adflegal.org(616) 450-4235

Party name: Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty

Anthony Thomas Caso

    Counsel of Record
Constitutional Counsel Group

174 W. Lincoln Ave., #620

Anaheim, CA 92805

atcaso@ccg1776.com9166011916

Party name: Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence

H. Christopher Coates

    Counsel of Record
Law Office of H. Christopher Coates

934 Compass Point

Charleston, SC 29412

curriecoates@gmail.com(843) 609-7080

Party name: Judicial Watch, Inc. and Allied Educational Foundation

Mark Simon Davies

    Counsel of Record
Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP

Columbia Center

1152 15th Street NW

Washington, DC 20005

mark.davies@orrick.com202-339-8631

Party name: Applied Materials, Inc., Corteva Agriscience, Cummins Inc., DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., LinkedIn Corp., Mastercard Inc., Micron Technology, Inc., Microsoft Corp., Shell USA, Inc., and Verizon Services Corp.

Constance de la Vega

    Counsel of Record
University of San Francisco School of Law

2130 Fulton Street

San Francisco, CA 94117

delavega@usfca.edu415-422-2296

Party name: Human Rights Advocates and Human Rights First

Kelly M. Dermody

    Counsel of Record
Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein, LLP

275 Battery Street

29th Floor

San Francisco, CA 94111

kdermody@lchb.com(415) 956-1000

Party name: Youth Advocates and Experts on Educational Access

Elizabeth Napier Dewar

    Counsel of Record
Office of the Attorney General

One Ashburton Place

Boston, MA 02108

bessie.dewar@mass.gov617-963-2204

Party name: Massachusetts et al.

Daniel Dennis Doyle

    Counsel of Record
Lashly & Baer, P.C.

714 Locust Street

St. Louis, MO 63101

ddoyle@lashlybaer.com314-621-2939

Party name: Association of College Counselors in Independent Schools, Inc.

Daniel Dennis Doyle

    Counsel of Record
Lashly & Baer, P.C.

714 Locust Street

St. Louis, MO 63101

ddoyle@lashlybaer.com314-621-2939

Party name: Accept, Inc.

Daniel Dennis Doyle

    Counsel of Record
Lashly & Baer, P.C.

714 Locust Street

St. Louis, MO 63101

ddoyle@lashlybaer.com314-621-2939

Party name: Admissions and Testing Professionals

Michael R. Dreeben

    Counsel of Record
O’Melveny & Myers LLP

1625 Eye Street, NW

Washington, DC 20036

mdreeben@omm.com202-383-5400

Party name: Major American Business Enterprises

Jessica Lynn Ellsworth

    Counsel of Record
Hogan Lovells US, LLP

555 13th Street, N. W.

Washington, DC 20004

jessica.ellsworth@hoganlovells.com202-637-5886

Party name: American Council on Education and 39 Other Higher Education Associations

John Patrick Elwood

    Counsel of Record
Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP

601 Massachusetts Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20001

john.elwood@arnoldporter.com(202) 942-5992

Party name: The University of Michigan

Wencong Fa

    Counsel of Record
Pacific Legal Foundation

555 Capitol Mall, Suite 1290

Sacramento, CA 95814

wfa@pacificlegal.org916-419-7111

Party name: Pacific Legal Foundation, Reason Foundation, Center for Equal Opportunity, Individual Rights Foundation, Chinese American Citizens Alliance - Greater New York, Coalition for TJ, and Yi Fang Chen

Gordon M. Fauth Jr.

    Counsel of Record
Litigation Law Group

1935 Addison St., Ste. A

Berkeley, CA 94704

gmf@classlitigation.com5102389610

Party name: The Asian American Coalition For Education and The Asian American Legal Foundation

Theodore Harold Frank

    Counsel of Record
Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute

1629 K Street NW, Suite 300

Washington, DC 20006

tfrank@gmail.com7032033848

Party name: Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute

Jonathan Saul Franklin

    Counsel of Record
Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP

799 9th Street NW

Suite 1000

Washington, DC 20001

jonathan.franklin@nortonrosefulbright.com2026620466

Party name: Association of American Medical Colleges et al.

Brianne Jenna Gorod

    Counsel of Record
Constitutional Accountability Center

1200 18th Street, NW

Suite 501

Washington, DC 20036

brianne@theusconstitution.org202 296 6889

Party name: Constitutional Accountability Center

C. Boyden Gray

    Counsel of Record
Boyden Gray and Associates PLLC

801 17th Street, NW

Suite 350

Washington, DC 20006

info@boydengrayassociates.com202-955-0620

Party name: Economists in Support of Petitioner

Blaine Ian Green

    Counsel of Record
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP

Four Embarcadero Center, 22nd Floor

San Francisco, CA 94111

blaine.green@pillsburylaw.com415-983-1476

Party name: National Asian Pacific American Bar Association and National LGBTQ+ Bar Association

Samuel Pianko Groner

    Counsel of Record
Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

0ne New York Plaza

New York, NY 10004

samuel.groner@friedfrank.com212-859-8565

Party name: Anti-Defamation League

Richard Shawn Gunnarson

    Counsel of Record
Kirton McConkie

Key Bank Tower

36 South State Street, Suite 1900

Salt Lake City, UT 84111

sgunnarson@kmclaw.com801-323-5907

Party name: United States Senators and Representatives

Douglas Harry Hallward-Driemeier

    Counsel of Record
Ropes & Gray, LLP

2099 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20006-6807

Douglas.Hallward-Driemeier@ropesgray.com202-508-4776

Party name: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, et al.

Vinay Vasdev Harpalani

    Counsel of Record
University of New Mexico School of Law

1117 Stanford Drive NE

Albuquerque, NM 87131

vinayh@unm.edu215-873-4476

Party name: Legal Scholars Defending Race-Conscious Admissions

Mark David Harris

    Counsel of Record
Proskauer Rose LLP

Eleven Times Square

New York, NY 10036

mharris@proskauer.com212-969-3530

Party name: Amherst, Barnard, Bates, Bowdoin, Bryn Mawr, Carleton, Colby, Connecticut, Davidson, Franklin & Marshall, Hamilton, Hampshire, Haverford, Macalester, Middlebury, Mount Holyoke, Oberlin, Pomona, Reed, Sarah Lawrence, Smith, St. Olaf, Swarthmore, Trinity, Union, Vassar, Wellesley, and Williams Colleges, and Bucknell, Clark, Tufts, Washington & Lee, and Wesleyan Universities

Kathleen Roberta Hartnett

    Counsel of Record
Cooley LLP

3 Embarcadero Center

20th Floor

San Francisco, CA 94111

khartnett@cooley.com(415) 693-2000

Party name: Professors of History and Law

Matthew S. Hellman

    Counsel of Record
Jenner & Block LLP

1099 New York Ave., NW

Suite 900

Washington, DC 20001

mhellman@jenner.com202-639-6000

Party name: Brown University, et al.

Kimberly Stewart Hermann

    Counsel of Record
Southeastern Legal Foundation

560 W. Crossville Rd.

Suite 104

Roswell, GA 30075-7509

khermann@southeasternlegal.org770-977-2131

Party name: Southeastern Legal Foundation

Sarah Ann Hinger

    Counsel of Record
American Civil Liberties Union

125 Broad St.

New York, NY 10004

shinger@aclu.org2125197882

Party name: American Civil Liberties Union et al.

Derek T. Ho

    Counsel of Record
Kellogg, Hansen, Todd, Figel & Frederick, P.L.L.C.

1615 M Street, NW

Suite 400

Washington, DC 20036

dho@kellogghansen.com202-326-7931

Party name: Professors of Economics

Ashley Lee Hogewood

    Counsel of Record
K&L Gates LLP

4350 Lassiter at North Hills Avenue

Suite 300

Raleigh, NC 27609

lee.hogewood@klgates.com991-743-7306

Party name: Individual Scientists

Corrine Anetra Irish

    Counsel of Record
Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP

2550 M St, NW

Washington, DC 20037

corrine.irish@squirepb.com2024576346

Party name: Faith Organizations including The General Synod - United Church of Christ, American Baptist Home Mission Societies & African Descent Lutheran Association of the ELCA

William Alan Jacobson

    Counsel of Record
18 Maple Ave #280

Barrington, RI 02806

contact@legalinsurrection.com4012464192

Party name: Legal Insurrection Foundation

Mary Elizabeth Keane

    Counsel of Record
1330 New Hampshire Ave., N.W.

721

Washington, DC 20036

attorneymaryekeane@gmail.com(202) 223-2069

Party name: Foundation Against Intolerance & Racism

Mitchell Keiter

    Counsel of Record
Keiter Appellate Law

The Beverly Hills Law Building, 424 South Beverly Drive

Beverly Hills, CA 90212

mitchell.keiter@gmail.com13105538533

Party name: Freedom X

George Roger King

    Counsel of Record
HR Policy Association

1001 19th St., North

Suite 1002

Arlington, VA 22209

rking@hrpolicy.org6145823939

Party name: HR Policy Association

Peter Nicholas Kirsanow

    Counsel of Record
Benesch, Friedlander, Coplan & Aronoff LLP

200 Public Square, Suite 2300

Cleveland, OH 44114

pkirsanow@beneschlaw.com2163634500

Party name: Gail Heriot and Peter N. Kirsanow

Yelena Konanova

    Counsel of Record
Selendy Gay Elsberg PLLC

1290 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10104

lkonanova@selendygay.com(212) 390-9000

Party name: National Academy of Education

Cory Ren Liu

    Counsel of Record
Ashcroft Law Firm LLC

919 Congress Ave.

Ste. 1325

Austin, TX 78701

cliu@ashcroftlawfirm.com512-370-1800

Party name: Professor David E. Bernstein

Robert Allen Long Jr.

    Counsel of Record
Covington & Burling, LLP

One CityCenter

850 Tenth St., NW

Washington, DC 20001

rlong@cov.com202-662-5612

Party name: United States Senators and Former Senators

Laurel Pyke Malson

    Counsel of Record
Crowell & Moring LLP

1001 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20004

lmalson@crowell.com2026242500

Party name: HBCU Leaders and National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education

Susan Leann Baker Manning

    Counsel of Record
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP

1111 Pennsylvania Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20004

susan.manning@morganlewis.com202-739-6000

Party name: Empirical Scholars

Mithun Mansinghani

    Counsel of Record
Solicitor General

Office of the Oklahoma Attorney General

313 NE 21st Street

Oklahoma City, OK 73105

mithun.mansinghani@oag.ok.gov405-522-4392

Party name: Oklahoma, et al.

Stephen Robert McAllister

    Counsel of Record
Dentons US LLP

4520 Main Street

Suite 1100

Kansas City, MO 64111-7700

stephen.mcallister@dentons.com7855505180

Party name: The LawFirm Antiracism Alliance

Charles Luther McCloud

    Counsel of Record
Williams & Connolly LLP

680 Maine Avenue, S.W.

Washington, DC 20024

lmccloud@wc.com202-434-5586

Party name: Southern Governors

Christopher Ernest Mills

    Counsel of Record
Spero Law LLC

557 East Bay Street #22251

Charleston, SC 29413

cmills@spero.law8436060640

Party name: Parents Defending Education

Jonathan F. Mitchell

    Counsel of Record
Mitchell Law PLLC

111 Congress Avenue

Suite 400

Austin, TX 78701

jonathan@mitchell.law(512) 686-3940

Party name: America First Legal Foundation

Daniel Isaac Morenoff

    Counsel of Record
The Equal Voting Rights Institute d/b/a The American Civil Rights Project

P.O. Box 12207

Dallas, TX 75225

dan@americancivilrightsproject.org(214) 504-1835

Party name: The Californians for Equal Rights Foundation

Kerry Lee Morgan

    Counsel of Record
Kerry L. Morgan

2915 Biddle Avenue

Suite 200

Wyandotte, MI 48192

kmorgan@pck-law.com7342817100

Party name: LONANG Institute

Alan B. Morrison

    Counsel of Record
George Washington Law School

2000 H Street NW

Washington, DC 20052

abmorrison@law.gwu.edu2029947120

Party name: Professor Fiona A. Harrison

Emily Kanstroom Musgrave

    Counsel of Record
Mintz,Levin,Cohn,Ferris,GlovskyandPopeo,P.C.

One Financial Center

Boston, MA 02111

EKMusgrave@mintz.com6173484407

Party name: Multicultural Media, Telecom and Internet Council, Inc., National Association of Black Owned Broadcasters, National Hispanic Foundation for The Arts, Emma Bowen Foundation for Minority Interests In Media, and National Newspaper Publishers Association

Crystal Nix-Hines

    Counsel of Record
Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP

865 S. Figueroa Street

10th Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90017

crystalnixhines@quinnemanuel.com(213) 443-3000

Party name: Georgetown University, et al.

Alice Margaret O'Brien

    Counsel of Record
National Education Association

1201 16th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20036

aobrien@nea.org202 822 7035

Party name: National Education Association et al.

David Benjamin Oppenheimer

    Counsel of Record
Berkeley Law

Clinical Professor of Law

498 Simon Hall

Berkeley, CA 94720

doppenheimer@law.berkeley.edu(510) 326-3865

Party name: Deans of U.S. Law Schools

Mark Alexander Packman

    Counsel of Record
Gilbert LLP

700 Pennsylvania Avenue, SE

Suite 400

Washington, DC 20003

packmanm@gilbertlegal.com202-772-2320

Party name: Deborah Cohen and 67 Other Professors

Neil Anthony Friedman Popovic

    Counsel of Record
Sheppard Mullin Richter & Hampton LLP

Four Embarcadero Center

17th Floor

San Francisco, CA 94111

npopovic@sheppardmullin.com415.434.9100

Party name: Human Rights Advocates, et al.

Michael M. Purpura

    Counsel of Record
Hueston Hennigan LLP

620 Newport Center Dr.

Suite 1300

Newport Beach, CA 92660

mpurpura@hueston.com949-432-6906

Party name: Adm. Charles S. Abbot, Adm. Dennis C. Blair, Gen. Charles F. Bolden, Jr., Gen. Thomas P. Bostick, Gen. Vincent K. Brooks, Adm. Walter E. Carter, Jr., et al.

Dean Richlin

    Counsel of Record
Foley Hoag LLP

155 Seaport Blvd.

Boston, MA 02210

drichlin@foleyhoag.com617-832-1140

Party name: Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund

Elizabeth Ann Ritvo

    Counsel of Record
Brown, Rudnick LLP

One Financial Center

Boston, MA 02111

eritvo@brownrudnick.com617-856-8249

Party name: American G.I. Forum, et al.

Roberto Andres Rivera-Soto

    Counsel of Record
Ballard Spahr LLP

700 East Gate Drive

Suite 330

Cherry Hill, NJ 08054

riverasotor@ballardspahr.com(856) 761-3416

Party name: Asian Americans Advancing Justice and 37 Organizations

Kevin K. Russell

    Counsel of Record
Goldstein and Russell, P.C.

7475 Wisconsin Avenue

Suite 850

Bethesda, MD 20814

krussell@goldsteinrussell.com2023620636

Party name: American Federation of Teachers

Dennis J. Saffran

    Counsel of Record
Dennis Saffran, Attorney at Law

38-18 West Drive

Douglaston, NY 11363

djsaffranlaw@gmail.com(718) 428-7156

Party name: National Association of Scholars

Jaime Ann Santos

    Counsel of Record
Goodwin Procter LLP

1900 N St. NW

Washington, DC 20036

jsantos@goodwinlaw.com2023464034

Party name: National Association of Basketball Coaches, et al.

Gene Clayton Schaerr

    Counsel of Record
Schaerr Jaffe

1717 K Street NW, Suite 900

Washington, DC 20006

gschaerr@schaerr-jaffe.com202-787-1060

Party name: Veterans for Fairness and Merit

Marilynn Louise Schuyler

    Counsel of Record
Fisher & Phillips LLP

1 Montgomery Street

Suite 3400

San Franscisco, CA 94104

schuyler@schuyleraap.com415-926-7642

Party name: American Association for Access, Equity and Diversity and Fund for Leadership, Equity, Access and Diversity

Jay Alan Sekulow

    Counsel of Record
American Center for Law and Justice

201 Maryland Avenue, N.E.

Washington, DC 20002

sekulow@aclj.org2025468890

Party name: American Center for Law & Justice and Devon Westhill

Pratik Arvind Shah

    Counsel of Record
Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, LLP

2001 K Street N.W.

Washington, DC 20006

pshah@akingump.com202-887-4210

Party name: National School Boards Association, National Association of Elementary School Principals, American Association of School Administrators, and American School Counselors Association

Melissa Arbus Sherry

    Counsel of Record
Latham & Watkins LLP

555 Eleventh Street, NW

Suite 1000

Washington, DC 20004

melissa.sherry@lw.com202-637-2200

Party name: The American Psychological Association, The Massachusetts Psychological Association, and The North Carolina Psychological Association

Richard A. Simpson

    Counsel of Record
160 Ridge Road

Chapel Hill, NC 27599

RASUNC@GMAIL.COM(202) 374-4634

Party name: F. Andrew Hessick

Richard Craig Smith

    Counsel of Record
Linklaters LLP

601 13th Street NW, Suite 400 South

Washington, DC 20005

richard.smith@linklaters.com202-654-9265

Party name: National Women's Law Center and 37 Additional Organizations Committed to Race and Gender Equality

Judd Edward Stone II

    Counsel of Record
Texas Attorney General's Office

P.O. Box 12548 (MC 059)

Austin, TX 78711-2548

judd.stone@oag.texas.gov512-936-1700

Party name: The State of Texas

Daniel Robert Suhr

    Counsel of Record
Liberty Justice Center

440 N. Wells Street

Suite 200

Chicago, IL 60654

dsuhr@libertyjusticecenter.org3126372280

Party name: The Liberty Justice Center and Momoko Takahashi

John Clay Sullivan

    Counsel of Record
SL Law PLLC

610 Uptown Blvd., Suite 2000

Cedar Hill, TX 75104

john.sullivan@the-sl-lawfirm.com14695231351

Party name: Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies

Stuart S. Taylor Jr.

    Counsel of Record
3911 Jocelyn St. NW

Washington, DC 20015

stuarttaylorjr@gmail.com202-365-1812

Party name: Ann M. Killenbeck and Mark R. Killenbeck

Stuart S. Taylor Jr.

    Counsel of Record
Self-employed

3911 Jocelyn St. NW

Washington, DC 20015

stuarttaylorjr@gmail.com202-365-1812

Party name: Richard Sander

Elisabeth Susan Theodore

    Counsel of Record
Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP

601 Massachusetts Ave, NW

Washington, DC 20001

elisabeth.theodore@arnoldporter.com202-942-5891

Party name: Students and Alumni of Harvard College

David H. Thompson

    Counsel of Record
Cooper & Kirk, PLLC

1523 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W.

Washington, DC 20036

dthompson@cooperkirk.com202-220-9600

Party name: Project 21

Raymond Patrick Tolentino

    Counsel of Record
Kaplan Hecker & Fink LLP

1050 K Street NW, Suite 1040

Washington, DC 20001

rtolentino@kaplanhecker.com(212) 763-0883

Party name: Black Women Law Scholars

William E. Trachman

    Counsel of Record
Mountain States Legal Foundation

2596 South Lewis Way

Lakewood, CO 80227

wtrachman@mslegal.org3032922021

Party name: Former Federal Officials of the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights

Michaele N Turnage Young

    Counsel of Record
NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc.

700 14th Street NW

6th Floor

Washington, DC 20005

mturnageyoung@naacpldf.org(202) 216-5567

Party name: 25 Harvard Student and Alumni Organizations

Reginald M. Turner Jr.

    Counsel of Record
American Bar Association

321 North Clark Street

Chicao, IL 60654

abapresident@americanbar.org(312) 988-5000

Party name: The American Bar Association

Jonathan Andrew Vogel

    Counsel of Record
Vogel Law Firm PLLC

6000 Fairview Road

South Park Towers, Suite 1200

Charlotte, NC 28210

jonathan.vogel@vogelpllc.com704-552-3750

Party name: The Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law and the Silicon Valley Chinese Association Foundation

Edward Mark Wenger

    Counsel of Record
Holtzman Vogel Baran Torchinsky & Josefiak PLLC

2300 N Street NW

Suite 643A

Washington, DC 20037

emwenger@HolzmanVogel.com202-737-8808

Party name: Former Attorney General Edwin Meese III

Daniel Hirotsu Woofter

    Counsel of Record
Goldstein & Russell, P.C.

7475 Wisconsin Ave., Suite 850

Bethesda, MD 20814

dw@goldsteinrussell.com(202) 362-0636

Party name: 1,241 Social Scientists and Scholars on College Access, Asian American Studies, and Race

Mark Remy Yohalem

    Counsel of Record
Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati

633 West Fifth Street

Suite 1550

Los Angeles, CA 90071

mark.yohalem@wsgr.com323-210-2958

Party name: 25 Diverse, California-Focused Bar Associations, Lawyers Associations, Civil Rights Organizations, and Community Foundations