lichter STATS bak

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bad code</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">media and academic liberal bias pioneer</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">oops careful, no [koch?] tie yet except gmu?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see STATS cmpa</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">nota bene : dilornezo sp on Nancy Mclean hit</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see dilorenzo pow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2001 aint nec so</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p class="topics" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem; text-transform: uppercase;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TOPICS:&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.salon.com/topic/books" class="gaTrackLinkEvent" data-ga-track-json="["topic", "click", "books"]" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">BOOKS</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.salon.com/topic/environment" class="gaTrackLinkEvent" data-ga-track-json="["topic", "click", "environment"]" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">ENVIRONMENT</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.salon.com/topic/global_warming" class="gaTrackLinkEvent" data-ga-track-json="["topic", "click", "global_warming"]" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">GLOBAL WARMING</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.salon.com/category/entertainment/" rel="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">ENTERTAINMENT NEWS</a></font></p><div class="ob-rm articleContent-container" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; list-style: none;"><div class="articleContent" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><div class="ob-element" id="pre-continue" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Journalists are the whipping boys of the information age, and lord knows they deserve it. Operating in a world far too subtle and complex to be reduced to their paltry formulas, they misinterpret statistics, misunderstand research and mishandle the truth, usually in service of their own political and social objectives. They choose topics that advance their liberal agenda and ignore any truths that defy it. They decide which angle to cover and which perspectives to suppress, who’s on the side of good and who’s sold their soul to the devil. You can trust them about as far as you can throw them, and given how slippery they are, that sure isn’t very far.</font></p></div><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;" /><div class="recirc1 in-article" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;" /><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But have no fear, for experts have arrived to set us straight, in the form of the&nbsp;<b><a target="new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.stats.org/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Statistical Assessment Service</a>&nbsp;— STATS for short. As part of its noble service, STATS offers us the new book “It Ain’t Necessarily So: How Media Make and Unmake the Scientific Picture of Reality” by David Murray, Joel Schwartz and S. Robert Lichter, a trio of social scientists.</b> The book gets to the scientific heart of the journalistic matter, unraveling dozens of science stories that have appeared in print over the last 10 years to reveal “the means by which savvy news consumers can defend themselves.”</font></p><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For example, are trick-or-treaters being sliced to pieces by razors in apples and poisoned with tainted licorice? “Halloween candy-tampering is a myth,” the authors write. Since 1958, all 76 reports of candy-tampering have been mistaken or fraudulent. The three reported deaths attributed to sabotaged Halloween treats were ultimately traced back to a lie to cover up an uncle’s drug stash, an intentional poisoning of a child by his father and sensational reports of a girl’s fatal seizure resulting from a congenital heart condition.</font></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">But “It Ain’t Necessarily So” doesn’t limit itself to disproving popular urban legends.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Are you worried about species dying out as a result of global warming? Don’t. Those scare stories are the doing of green scribblers who cherry-pick the scientific journals for alarming factoids and who work in cahoots with Volvo-driving scientists who skew their results in an effort to oppose progress and capitalism. Alarming increases in infectious diseases? Relax, those numbers can be written off to gays getting AIDS and the aging of the population. Magazine and newspaper articles saying anything to the contrary are just the media’s way of pushing for yet more government money to be thrown after bad. Breast cancer skyrocketing, sperm counts plummeting, racial discrimination against mortgage applicants running rampant — just watch the media spin.</span></font></p><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The experts debunking these reports go by names designed to reassure, names like&nbsp;<a target="new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.greeningearthsociety.org/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">The Greening Earth Society</a>&nbsp;(we’re all in favor of verdancy) and&nbsp;<a target="new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.hcra.harvard.edu/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">The Harvard Center for Risk Analysis</a>&nbsp;(Harvard, of course, knows everything). The last decade has seen the rise of many such groups, here to dice and slice the news and point out its many shortcomings. Staffed with people holding doctorates (in at least&nbsp;<i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none;">some</i>&nbsp;discipline), expressing patent objectivity and publishing newsletters to promote their side of the latest stories, such groups are ever ready to take calls from journalists looking for help in understanding a scientific paper or in search of a ready quote from someone on the other side of an issue’s fence.</font></p><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The trouble is, many of these groups are industry fronts, pushing industry agendas.</b> The Greening Earth Society, for example, which promotes the benefits of carbon dioxide, was created by the Western Fuels Association, according to the&nbsp;<a target="new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://integrityinscience.org/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Integrity in Science database</a>&nbsp;created by&nbsp;<a target="new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.cspinet.org/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">The Center for Science in the Public Interest.</a>&nbsp;The Harvard Center for Risk Analysis has received funding from numerous&nbsp;<a target="new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.hcra.harvard.edu/restricted.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">corporate sources,</a>&nbsp;including unrestricted grants from Amoco, Dow Chemical Company, General Motors, Monsanto, Procter & Gamble and many others.</font></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The authors of “It Ain’t Necessarily So” come from STATS (Murray); the Hudson Institute, a conservative think tank (Schwartz); and the Center for Media and Public Affairs, STATS’s parent organization (Lichter). STATS was created four years ago, and according to investigative journalist Sheldon Rampton, coauthor of “Trust Us, We’re Experts: How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles With Your Future,” the organization “derives most of its funding from&nbsp;<a target="new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://nasw.org/lists/nasw-talk/hyper/3988.html" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">conservative sources</a>&nbsp;such as the John M. Olin Foundation, the Sarah Scaife Foundation and the William H. Donner Foundation.” Murray, once an assistant professor of anthropology at Brandeis University, has also worked for the Heritage Foundation.</font></p><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Science journalists certainly don’t always get the facts right. Eighty-nine percent of scientists surveyed expressed “only some” or “hardly any” confidence in the press, according to a 1997 study by the&nbsp;<a target="new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.freedomforum.org/first" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">First Amendment Center.</a>&nbsp;“It Ain’t Necessarily So” makes a few valid points. Too often, journalists opt for covering sensationalistic stories — like the one about the asteroid that, at least until more complete calculations were revealed the following day, was headed straight for Earth — instead of the really important, hard-edged ones that readers find less interesting. Every newspaper has its editorial slant, and that does indeed determine its choice of which stories to cover and which to leave behind. The authors of “It Ain’t Necessarily So” take particular delight, of course, in lashing at the New York Times and the Washington Post.</font></p><div class="recirc2 in-article" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;" /><div class="inarticle-content_1 in-article" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><div class="bannerWrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 15px 0px; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-align: center;"><div data-position-name="content_1" class="adPosition bigBox ad-content_1 flex" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none;" /></div></div><div class="toggle-group target hideOnInit" data-toggle-group="story-1039254" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="background-color: transparent;">But the hypocrisy of “It Ain’t Necessarily So” is that it employs the very same tactics that it finds so objectionable when used by journalists and publishers.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Consider their criticism of coverage of&nbsp;<a target="new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.biosci.utexas.edu/IB/faculty/PARMESAN.HTM" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Camille Parmesan’s</a>&nbsp;study of the extinction rates of local populations of a western butterfly, the Edith’s checkerspot, due to global warming. Parmesan’s work, <b>one of the first solid pieces of evidence of the biological effects of global warming, was published in the journal Nature in 1996.</b></span></font></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As is the case with so many examples in this book, the authors’ criticism of how journalists covered the story quickly becomes criticism of the original study itself. <b>One of their techniques is to omit mention of any findings that do not support their agenda</b></span>. Complaining that Parmesan “took it for granted that the climate had warmed in locales in which the checkerspot was now extinct,” they quote a 1996 communication in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) saying that the “apparent ‘global warming'” in the western U.S. “is in reality urban waste heat affecting only urban areas.”</font></p><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But this analysis doesn’t hold up under closer scrutiny. Not only is the BAMS paper that the authors of “It Ain’t Necessarily So” cite a simplistic statistical view of the measurement of urban heating — tallying county-by-county information regardless of the vagaries of individual temperature measuring stations — but they also overlook a major BAMS paper published earlier that same year by <b>Thomas Karl and colleagues of the National Climatic Data Center. </b>This study found a 1 to 3 degree Celsius warming in the western United States from 1910 to 1995 — after explicitly correcting for urban heat island effects.</font></p><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Likewise the authors grouse that Parmesan did not take into consideration that the thinning of the butterflies’ population may have result from the loss of their host plants due to factors such as changes in air quality or the impact of agricultural chemicals. But Parmesan, as expected, does state — in a figure caption — that she did not count checkerspots in sites that “were degraded by loss of usable host plants,” regardless of the reasons for that loss. She also writers that she had eliminated over three-quarters of the sites potentially available to her for, in part, just such reasons of degradation.</font></p><div class="teads-inread in-article" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;" /><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;" /></div><div class="inarticle-content_2 in-article" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><div class="bannerWrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 15px 0px; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-align: center;"><div data-position-name="content_2" class="adPosition bigBox ad-content_2 flex" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none;" /></div></div><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Other criticisms in “It Ain’t Necessarily So” are just wrong.</b> The authors complain that Parmesan did not include “anything like a baseline for the number of extinctions that would be expected in the absence of any warming.” But what they apparently fail to understand is that Parmesan designed her study to reveal patterns of net extinction with respect to latitude, rather than the absolute number of extinctions. It is these patterns that were the signal that population changes were due to climate change. Furthermore, the authors misread a reference to “2 degrees” as one of temperature (“Celsius”), and not of latitude — w<b>hich is just the kind of error you might expect from social scientists dissecting a study in the natural sciences.</b></font></p><p style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Finally, other criticisms in “It Ain’t Necessarily So” are simply petty. They denigrate Parmesan’s study because it made claims about a single species of butterfly, ignoring follow-up studies by Parmesan, David R. Easterling and others, some of which found similar shifts in 57 species of butterflies in Europe</b>. They sneer that the New York Times article on Parmesan’s work was “lengthier, in fact, than [Parmesan’s] study itself,” as if properly explaining a piece of complex work to nonscientific readers should be&nbsp;<i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none;">more</i>&nbsp;dense than the specialized language of the scientists. And they refer to Parmesan’s work as “preliminary,” as if Nature weren’t one of the most prestigious peer-reviewed scientific journals in the world.</font></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; line-height: 1.5rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Such disingenuous maneuvers fill “It Ain’t Necessarily So.” It’s clear that while the authors are good at looking up articles in Lexis-Nexis, they aren’t playing straight with their readers. Even when Murray and his colleagues hit the occasional right note, it’s always from the same tune. Their analyses and conclusions inevitably stack up in favor of the view that there are few environmental problems that less government spending won’t fix and that social dilemmas like racial discrimination are figments of overactive imagination. A fair review of the state of science journalism is always welcome, but this cleverly disguised example of corporate propaganda isn’t it.</font></p></div><a class="toggle-group toggleOnScroll trigger remember refreshAds gaTrackPageEvent" data-toggle-group="story-1039254" data-delay="15" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.salon.com/2001/07/02/murray_4/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;" /></div><div class="writerMeta" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.9375rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; clear: both;"><div class="writer-meta-inside" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.nasw.org/users/appell" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none;">David Appell</a>&nbsp;is a freelance writer living in New Hampshire.</font><div class="social" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px 80px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="" /></div><a class="byline" title="More David Appell." href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.salon.com/writer/david_appell/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase; display: block; line-height: 1.5rem; clear: both;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" style="">MORE DAVID APPELL.</font></a></div></div></div><div class="related_stories widget" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style: none;" /><div id="commentsAd" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style: none;" /><div class="commentBlock" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style: none;"><div class="salon-comments-box" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="widget" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none;" /></font></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://usrtk.org/food-for-thought/trevor-butterworth-spins-science-for-industry/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://<b>usrtk</b>.org/food-for-thought/trevor-butterworth-spins-science-for-industry/</font></a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="col-md-9 col-article col-blog" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; min-height: 1px; padding-right: 60px; padding-left: 15px; float: left; width: 727.5px; padding-top: 20px;"><main id="main" class="site-main" role="main" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><article id="post-2254" class="post-2254 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-food-for-thought category-our-investigations tag-sense-about-science tag-trevor-butterworth" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><header class="entry-header" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="entry-meta" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="posted-on" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://usrtk.org/food-for-thought/trevor-butterworth-spins-science-for-industry/" title="9:44 pm" rel="bookmark" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">January 22, 2018</a></span><span class="byline" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span>by&nbsp;<span class="author vcard" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="url fn n" href="https://usrtk.org/author/stacymalkan/" title="View all posts by Stacy Malkan" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Stacy Malkan</a></span></span></font></div></header><div class="entry-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Trevor Butterworth and his colleagues at&nbsp;<b>Sense About Science/STATS</b>&nbsp;have written for prominent news outlets and been quoted as independent experts on science and media.</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This fact sheet provides evidence that these groups and writers have<b>&nbsp;long histories of using tobacco tactics to manufacture doubt about science and push for deregulation of products important to the chemical, drug and junk food industries.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related groups:&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/jon-entine-the-chemical-industrys-master-messenger/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Jon Entine/Genetic Literacy Project</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/our-investigations/science-media-centre/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Science Media Center</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://theecologist.org/2016/jan/22/why-cornell-university-hosting-gmo-propaganda-campaign" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Cornell Alliance for Science</a></font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Overview</font></span></h4><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 25px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/72-Document-Details-Monsantos-Strategy-Regarding-IARC.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">This&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Monsanto document</span></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;describe<b>s Sense About Science as a “Tier 2 Industry Partner”</b>&nbsp;in Monsanto’s&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/pesticides/how-monsanto-manufactured-outrage-at-iarc-over-cancer-classification/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">PR plan to discredit</a>&nbsp;the World Health Organization’s cancer panel, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).&nbsp;</span></font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Monsanto plan proposes&nbsp;<b>Sense About Science for “leads industry response and provides platform for IARC observers and industry spokesperson</b>.”</font></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><b><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/statistical-assessment-service" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Statistical Assessment Service</a>&nbsp;(STATS)&nbsp;<a href="http://senseaboutscienceusa.org/stats/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">merged with</a>&nbsp;Sense About Science USA in 2014</b>. Journalists have reported STATS is a “<a href="https://www.statnews.com/2018/01/30/pharmaceutical-industry-fake-news-tobacco/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">disinformation campaign</a>” that&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/15/how-self-appointed-guardians-of-sound-science-tip-the-scales-toward-industry/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">tips the scales toward industry</a>&nbsp;and plays a key role for the chemical industry in the &nbsp;“<a href="http://archive.jsonline.com/watchdog/watchdogreports/54195297.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">hardball politics of chemical regulation</a>.”</font></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sense About Science, STATS and its former parent group, the Center for Media and Public Affairs, have&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/15/how-self-appointed-guardians-of-sound-science-tip-the-scales-toward-industry/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">roots in the tobacco industry PR wars</a>&nbsp;and have received funding from anti-regulatory foundations, dark money channels and industries they have defended.</font></li></ul><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Intercept Exposé on Sense About Science:&nbsp;Reporters Be Wary</font></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/15/how-self-appointed-guardians-of-sound-science-tip-the-scales-toward-industry/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">A&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">November 2016 exposé in The Intercept,</span></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;“Seeding Doubt: How Self Appointed Guardians of ‘Sound Science’ Tip the Scales Toward Industry,” details the tobacco ties and industry connections of Sense About Science.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Sense About Science claims to champion&nbsp;transparency” but “does not always disclose when its&nbsp;sources on controversial&nbsp;matters are&nbsp;scientists with&nbsp;ties to the industries under examination,” wrote Liza Gross. “When journalists rightly ask who sponsors research into the risks of, say, asbestos, or synthetic chemicals, they’d be well advised to question the evidence Sense About Science&nbsp;presents in these debates as well.”</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">History of Defending Chemicals, Junk Food and Drugs&nbsp;</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sense About Science was founded as a lobby group in the UK in 2002 by Dick Taverne, an English politician and businessman with&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/15/how-self-appointed-guardians-of-sound-science-tip-the-scales-toward-industry/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">ties to the tobacco industry</a>&nbsp;and other industries Sense About Science has defended.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.senseaboutscienceusa.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The<b>&nbsp;US version of the group</b></a><b>&nbsp;launched in 2014 in Brooklyn under the directorship of Trevor Butterworth</b>. From 2003 to 2014, Butterworth was an editor at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/statistical-assessment-service" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">STATS,</a>&nbsp;which is now&nbsp;<a href="http://senseaboutscienceusa.org/stats/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">merged with Sense About Science USA.</a>&nbsp;</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;Over his career, Butterworth has amassed a large body of work arguing for deregulation and attacking&nbsp;scientists and journalists who raise concerns about products important to the chemical, junk food and drug industries — for example<b>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.forbes.com/2009/11/18/plastic-gender-study-media-opinions-contributors-trevor-butterworth.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">phthalates</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/trevorbutterworth/2014/04/09/bpa-the-scientists-the-scare-the-100-million-dollar-surge/#23693c3163c3" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">BPA</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20081005/news/810050333" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">vinyl plastic</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/chrisprandoni/2015/03/05/when-the-left-peddles-bad-science/#46b570db425d" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">fracking</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/28/fashion/28skin.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">lead in lipstick</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/28/fashion/28skinside.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">formaldehyde in baby soaps</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/trevorbutterworth/2014/02/06/sweet-and-sour-the-media-decided-fructose-was-bad-for-america-but-science-had-second-thoughts/" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">corn syrup</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theawl.com/2012/10/the-sugar-wars" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">sugary sodas,</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/sweetener-sucralose-probably-doesnt-cause-leukaemia/" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">artificial sweeteners</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/trevorbutterworth/2012/12/13/is-the-era-of-oxycontin-abuse-over/#48877cb773a8" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Oxycontin.</a></b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Butterworth is also a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/trevor-butterworth-522b5048/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">visiting fellow</a>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<b>Cornell University Alliance for Science</b>, a communications campaign housed at Cornell University that is funded by the Gates Foundation to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2986952/why_is_cornell_university_hosting_a_gmo_propaganda_campaign.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">promote GMOs.</a></span>&nbsp;Butterworth runs&nbsp;<a href="http://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/blog/qa-sense-about-science-usa-partnership" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">a workshop at Cornell</a>&nbsp;to teach his brand of media relations to students and young scientists.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><b>Rebecca Goldin,</b>&nbsp;a professor of mathematics of George Mason University, is the Director of STATS and appears on the Sense About Science USA&nbsp;<a href="http://senseaboutscienceusa.org/who-we-are/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">staff page</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">STATS&nbsp;was previously housed at George Mason University and filed joint tax returns with the&nbsp;<b>Center of Media and Public Affairs (CMPA), a group that was hired by Phillip Morris in the 1990s to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=hhyh0062" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">pick apart media reports about tobacco</a>.&nbsp;</b>STATS and CMPA have been vague about their funding.</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;The bulk of&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/food-for-thought/trevor-butterworth-spins-science-for-industry/#STATSfunding" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">funding for STATS</a>&nbsp;appears to have come from a small group of anti-regulatory foundations that are leading funders of climate change denier groups.</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">OxyContin Defense<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The tactics of Butterworth, Goldin and&nbsp;<span class="il" style="box-sizing: border-box;">STATS</span>&nbsp;are evident in their work to defend Oxycontin; they wrote articles denying the problem of&nbsp;<b>doctor-prescribed opioid addiction,</b>&nbsp;criticized media coverage and argued against regulations to reign in prescriptions. See articles in&nbsp;<b><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/trevorbutterworth/2012/12/13/is-the-era-of-oxycontin-abuse-over/#48877cb773a8" target="blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.forbes.com/sites/trevorbutterworth/2012/12/13/is-the-era-of-oxycontin-abuse-over/%2348877cb773a8&source=gmail&ust=1521228826414000&usg=AFQjCNFZah-BIWab4bO7o94-GrBjGwpe3A" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Forbes</a>&nbsp;</b>(Butterworth),&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702203653/http://www.stats.org/stories/2012/attack_painkillers_misusing_statistics_jan31_12.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://stats.org/&source=gmail&ust=1521228826414000&usg=AFQjCNHqzXV35UtO44M3S2tIKPQgcyP6Rw" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="il" style="box-sizing: border-box;">STATS</span><wbr style="box-sizing: border-box;" />.org</a>&nbsp;(Goldin), and&nbsp;<a href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/mind-guest-blog/opioid-addiction-is-a-huge-problem-but-pain-prescriptions-are-not-the-cause/?wt.mc=SA_Twitter-Share" target="blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/mind-guest-blog/opioid-addiction-is-a-huge-problem-but-pain-prescriptions-are-not-the-cause/?wt.mc%3DSA_Twitter-Share&source=gmail&ust=1521228826414000&usg=AFQjCNHSRJ5xB5K2--C9MWv7qbj1TVZH8Q" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Scientific American</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/maia-szalavitz/the-medias-not-telling-th_b_48239.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/maia-szalavitz/the-medias-not-telling-th_b_48239.html&source=gmail&ust=1521228826414000&usg=AFQjCNEWehL8WSruZKadqHIsbvruor4G_A" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Huffington Post</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2004/03/the_accidental_addict.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2004/03/the_accidental_addict.html&source=gmail&ust=1521228826414000&usg=AFQjCNFiEVzeBM1CryeMsl6AMOp_LNT86w" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Slate</a>&nbsp;(former&nbsp;<span class="il" style="box-sizing: border-box;">STATS</span>&nbsp;Fellow Maia Szavalitz).&nbsp;</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A new analysis by&nbsp;<a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/11/health/prescription-opioid-payments-eprise/index.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/11/health/prescription-opioid-payments-eprise/index.html&source=gmail&ust=1521228826414000&usg=AFQjCNGGfYtmEmYxcMYmPf8-uDDerOCJyA" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Harvard researchers and CNN</a>&nbsp;found that doctor opioid prescriptions are indeed a problem: “opioid manufacturers are paying physicians huge sums of money, and the more opioids a doctor prescribes, the more money he or she makes.”</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Climate Science Denial</font></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">A 2002&nbsp;<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Aint-Necessarily-So-Picture-Reality/dp/0142001465" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">book</a>&nbsp;by STATS/CMPA founder Robert Lichter, David Murray of STATS and Joel Schwartz of the Hudson Institute denied climate science, among other science stories, and employed many “disingenuous maneuvers” to attack the media, including omitting findings that didn’t fit their agenda and using shallow statistical analyses</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">, according to a&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313025504/http://www.salon.com:80/2001/07/02/murray_4" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">review in Salon by David Appell</a>.&nbsp;<b>Paraphrasing the book, Appell wrote: “Are you worried about species dying out as a result of global warming? Don’t. Those scare stories are the doing of green scribblers who cherry-pick the scientific journals for alarming factoids and who work in cahoots with Volvo-driving scientists who skew their results in an effort to oppose progress and capitalism.”</b>&nbsp;See below for more information about&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/food-for-thought/trevor-butterworth-spins-science-for-industry/#STATSfunding" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">STATS’ funding</a>&nbsp;from the climate change denial dark money network.</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chemical Industry Public Relations Writer</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sense About Science USA Director Trevor Butterworth played a&nbsp;<b>key role in the chemical industry’s propaganda campaign to discredit health concerns about the chemical bisphenol A (BPA)</b>&nbsp;when he was at STATS</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">, according to a 2009&nbsp;<a href="http://archive.jsonline.com/watchdog/watchdogreports/54195297.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">investigation</a>&nbsp;by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Journalists Meg Kissinger and Susanne Rust described Butterworth as an example of “chemical industry public relations writers” who do not explain their allegiances.&nbsp;They described the&nbsp;<b>stealth role he played in industry’s “unprecedented public relations blitz that uses many of the same tactics – and people – the tobacco industry used in its decades-long fight against regulation</b>”:</font></p><p class="indent-text" style="margin: 0px 0px 25px 40px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The most impassioned defense of BPA on the blogs comes from Trevor Butterworth… He regularly combs the Internet for stories about BPA and offers comments without revealing his ties to industry.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In companion&nbsp;article, Kissinger and Rust&nbsp;<a href="http://archive.jsonline.com/watchdog/watchdogreports/54195302.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">described STATS</a>&nbsp;as&nbsp;“a major player in the public relations campaign to discredit concerns” about BPA. Although the group, “claims to be an independent media watchdog,” they wrote:</font></p><p class="indent-text" style="margin: 0px 0px 25px 40px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“a review of its finances and its Web site shows that STATS is funded by public policy organizations that promote deregulation. The Journal Sentinel found documents that show that its parent organization, the Center for Media and Public Affairs, was paid in the 1990s by Philip Morris, the tobacco company, to pick apart stories critical of smoking.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">They noted that Butterworth’s 27,000-word STATS report criticizing media coverage of BPA – which was widely featured on plastic industry websites – “echoed the approach used in the tobacco analysis.”</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Friend” of Coke</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">n 2014, a Coca-Cola executive described Butterworth as “our friend” to members of a Coke-funded front group, and pitched him as a person who could help fulfill their “need for good scientific journalists</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">,” according to emails&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/gmo/our-investigation-of-big-food-and-its-front-groups/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">obtained by U.S. Right to Know</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The email exchanges involved Rhona Applebaum, then-chief science and health officer for Coca-Cola, and the leaders of the Global Energy Balance Network (GEBN), which was exposed by&nbsp;<a href="http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/coca-cola-funds-scientists-who-shift-blame-for-obesity-away-from-bad-diets/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The New York Times</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2015/11/24/apnewsbreak-emails-reveal-cokes-role-in-anti-obesity-group" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Associated Press</a>&nbsp;as a Coca-Cola front group that worked closely with Coke executives to shift blame for obesity away from sugary drinks.</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;Applebaum&nbsp;<a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-24/coca-cola-s-chief-science-officer-retires-after-obesity-outcry" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">resigned her position</a>&nbsp;at Coke and&nbsp;<a href="http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/01/research-group-funded-by-coca-cola-to-disband/?r=0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">GEBN closed down</a>&nbsp;after the scandal broke in 2015.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/GEBN-Butterworth-march-2014.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">March 2014 email</a>, Applebaum forwarded the GEBN leaders a Harvard Business Review&nbsp;<a href="https://hbr.org/2014/03/when-research-should-come-with-a-warning-label" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">article by Butterworth</a>&nbsp;that attempts to discredit research linking sugar to weight gain,&nbsp;and described him as “our friend.”&nbsp;In a&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/GEBN-Butterworth-Nov-2014.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">November 2014 email chain</a>, Applebaum and the GEBN leaders discussed the need to recruit scientific institutions and get more scientists “on the circuit.” Applebaum&nbsp;recommended “the need for good scientific journalists as part of GEBN who focus on the evidence. Presenting for consideration Trevor Butterworth. Need that type of cross-fertilization.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GEBN vice president Steven Blair wrote, “I agree with Rhona about Trevor. I am pretty sure he is on my list of potential members.” Applebaum replied, “He’s ready and able.”</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ally of Many Industry Groups</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Butterworth’s extensive writings defending chemicals, sugar and sugar substitutes have attracted the praise of many industry groups over the years.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Trade groups that have promoted Butterworth’s work include the&nbsp;<b><a href="http://www.ameribev.org/blog/tag/trevor-butterworth/" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">American Beverage Association</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://phthalates.americanchemistry.com/Research-Phthalates/Reproductive-Studies/" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">American Chemistry Council</a></b>, the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131010006601/en/Journalistic-Imbalance-USA-Today-Continues-Report-Selectively" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">North American Metal Packaging Alliance</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.bottledwater.org/health/container-safety/what-is-bpa" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">International Bottled Water Association</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="http://sucralose-org.co.uk/2011-international-sweeteners-association-conference-consensus-experts-recommend-low-calorie-sweeteners-such-as-sucralose-to-help-manage-weight/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">International Sweeteners Association,</a>&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href="http://spotidoc.com/doc/355374/2014-food-packaging-summit---society-of-the-plastics-indu..." style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Plastics Industry Trade Association</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ctpa.org.uk/content.aspx?pageid=273" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">cosmetics industry trade association</a>, the chemical industry’s&nbsp;<a href="http://www.safechemicalpolicy.org/suggests/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">policy website</a>, the&nbsp;<b><a href="https://cei.org/search/node/trevor%20butterworth" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Competitive Enterprises Institute</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cato.org/events/cato-connects-trevor-butterworth-director-sense-about-science-usa" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Cato Institute</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.consumerfreedom.com/2014/04/anti-bpa-crusaders-baseless-fearmongering/" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Center for Consumer Freedom</a>.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/why-you-cant-trust-the-american-council-on-science-and-health/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">American Council on Science and Health</a>, an industry front group that&nbsp;<a href="http://acsh.org/search?search_api_views_fulltext=butterworth" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">frequently promotes</a>&nbsp;Butterworth’s work, has described him as “a master junk science debunker” and also “our friend.”</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Butterworth is also listed as&nbsp;<a href="http://nationalpress.org/about-npf/funders/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">a friend</a>&nbsp;of</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;<b>National Press Foundation</b>. The chair of Sense About Science USA,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.senseaboutscienceusa.org/about/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Heather Dahl</a>, is “<a href="http://nationalpress.org/board/heather-dahl/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">immediate past chair</a>” of the National Press Foundation, and sits on NPF’s executive committee.</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sucralose Echo Chamber</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Butterworth is a prominent defender of artificial sweeteners whose safety is questionable. In 2011, Butterworth spoke at the International Sweeteners Association Conference and was featured in their&nbsp;<a href="http://sucralose-org.co.uk/2011-international-sweeteners-association-conference-consensus-experts-recommend-low-calorie-sweeteners-such-as-sucralose-to-help-manage-weight/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">press release</a>&nbsp;titled, “Experts Recommend Low-Calorie Sweeteners such as Sucralose to Help Manage Weight.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Identified as a journalist who regularly contributes to the Financial Times and the Wall Street Journal, Butterworth said about sucralose, “The weight of considered scientific evidence, the result of careful, independent, expert scrutiny, again and again shows that there is no evidence of a risk to health.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As an example of how the industry echo chamber works to spin reporters: In 2012, Butterworth&nbsp;<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/trevorbutterworth/2012/04/24/controversial-italian-scientist-says-splenda-causes-cancer/#6188ef4856cc" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">wrote an article for Forbes</a>&nbsp;attacking a study that raised concerns about sucralose by Dr. Morando Soffritti, director of the Ramazzini Institute, which he described as “something of a joke.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a 2016&nbsp;<a href="http://www.foodinsight.org/splenda-sucralose-ramazzini-soffritti-safety-cancer-study" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">press release</a>, in response to another Soffritti study, the&nbsp;food industry front group&nbsp;<a href="http://webiva-downton.s3.amazonaws.com/877/fe/a/6001/FOE_Top11FrontGroups_1.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">International Food Information Council</a>&nbsp;featured Butterworth’s 2012 piece and attack quotes, and they were picked up by reporters at&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/splenda-sucralose-sweeteners-linked-to-leukemia-in-new-study-a6930556.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The Independent</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3491310/Could-artificial-sweeteners-Splenda-trigger-cancer-Experts-warn-s-no-safe-dose.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The Daily Mail</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/12192163/Low-calorie-sweetener-linked-with-increased-risk-of-leukemia-study.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The Telegraph</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865647310/Consumer-group-sounds-new-alarm-on-Splenda.html?pg=all" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Deseret News</a>, all of&nbsp;whom identified Butterworth as&nbsp;a&nbsp;source from Forbes.<a id="STATSfunding" style="font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><a id="STATSfunding" style="font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A Google search for the Ramazzini Institute turns up Butterworth’s 2012 Forbes hit piece as the first item.</font></a></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><a id="STATSfunding" style="outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funded by&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Climate Change Denier Dark Money Network</span></font></span></a></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><a id="STATSfunding" style="font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>While STATS claims to be nonpartisan, the bulk of funding has come from a handful of conservative, anti-regulatory foundations that have played a key role in funding organizations that try to discredit climate science.</b></font></a></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><a id="STATSfunding" style="font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to&nbsp;</font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/15/how-self-appointed-guardians-of-sound-science-tip-the-scales-toward-industry/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The Intercept investigation</a>:</font></p><p class="indent-text" style="margin: 0px 0px 25px 40px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Between 1998 and 2014, STATS received $4.5 million, 81 percent of its donations, from the Searle Freedom Trust, the Sarah Scaife Foundation, the John M. Olin Foundation, Donors Trust (a fund largely sustained by Charles Koch), and other right-wing foundations. Searle, which&nbsp;<a href="http://www.searlefreedomtrust.org/daniel-c-searle-1926-2007/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">describes its mission</a>&nbsp;as promoting ‘economic liberties,’ gave&nbsp;STATS $959,000 between&nbsp;2010 and 2014.</font></p><p class="indent-text" style="margin: 0px 0px 25px 40px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Anti-regulatory&nbsp;foundations, including these, spent over half a billion dollars between 2003 and 2010 to ‘manipulate and mislead the public over the nature of climate science and the threat posed by climate change,’ according to a 2013 study by Drexel University sociologist Robert Brulle.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the&nbsp;<a href="http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2013/december/climate-change/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">press release</a>&nbsp;about his study, Brulle identified the Scaife and Searle foundations as among “the largest and most consistent funders of organizations orchestrating climate change denial” and foundations that “promote ultra-free-market ideas in many realms.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The<b>&nbsp;Scaife Foundation and Searle Freedom Trust have been key funders of STATS, with Scaife providing nearly all funding for the group between 2005 to 2007,</b>according to a Greenpeace&nbsp;<a href="http://polluterwatch.com/jon-entine" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">investigation of STATS funding</a>, and Searle stepping up with almost&nbsp;a million dollars in funding between 2010 and 2014.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;President and CEO of Searle Freedom Trust,&nbsp;<a href="http://donorscapitalfund.org/AboutUs/KimberlyDennis.aspx" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Kimberly Dennis</a>, is also chairman of the board of directors of Donors Trust, the group Mother Jones called the “<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/02/donors-trust-donor-capital-fund-dark-money-koch-bradley-devos" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">dark-money ATM of the conservative movement</a>,” and a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/who-donors-trust" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">leading funder</a>&nbsp;of climate change denier and skeptic organizations. Under Dennis’s leadership, the Searle Foun</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">dation and Donors Trust sent a collective $290,000 to STATS in 2010, Greenpeace&nbsp;<a href="http://polluterwatch.com/jon-entine" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">reported</a>.</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Koch Industries / George Mason University Foundation</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Charles Koch, CEO of the petrochemical conglomerate Koch Industries, gave over $100 million&nbsp;to 361 college campuses from 2005 to 2014, according to a Greenpeace&nbsp;<a href="http://polluterwatch.org/charles-koch-university-funding-database" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">analysis of IRS filings</a>. The&nbsp;<b><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/connor-gibson/to-charles-koch-professor_b_9100904.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">George Mason University Foundation</a>, which received $45.5 million, was by far the largest beneficiary of this largesse</b>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Students at GMU raised concerns about Koch funding&nbsp;<a href="http://powershift.org/blogs/gmu-students-question-koch-funding" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">in a 2014 letter</a>&nbsp;to the GMU president,&nbsp;noting that the university has been “criticized as being a subsidiary of Koch Industries.” In response to a public records request for information about Koch funding, the students “were told that&nbsp;<b>all financial donations are funneled through the GMU Foundation, which does not have to respond to our FOIA request as a distinct private entity.”</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The GMU Foundation funded STATS sister organization CMPA&nbsp;$220,990&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/GMUF2012.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">in 2012</a>, and $75,670&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/GMUF2013.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">in 2013</a>, according to tax records. In those years CMPA also helped finance STATS.&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/CMPA-2012.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">In 2012</a>, STATS reported a $203,611 loan from CMPA that “due to inadequate funding” has “not been reimbursed.”&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/sas2013-2/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">In 2013</a>, STATS reported a loan from CMPA for $163,914.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tax records for<b>&nbsp;2014&nbsp;</b>show no loans between the groups or donations from GMU Foundation.&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/CMPA2014-.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">CMPA’s 2014 tax filing&nbsp;</a>shows compensation of&nbsp;$97,512 for Butterworth and<b>$173,100 for Jon Entine</b>, a longtime&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/jon-entine-the-chemical-industrys-master-messenger/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">public relations operative with deep ties to the chemical industry</a>, who&nbsp;runs the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/author/trevor-butterworth/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Genetic Literacy Project</a>, an&nbsp;<a href="http://polluterwatch.com/jon-entine" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">agrichemical industry front group</a>.</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wholly Independent?</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">STATS now shares a website with Sense About Science USA, and provides this&nbsp;<a href="http://www.stats.org/about/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">note about funding</a>:</font></p><p class="indent-text" style="margin: 0px 0px 25px 40px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<b>STATS.org is run by&nbsp;Sense About Science USA; it is funded grants from the Searle Freedom Trust and a donation from the American Statistical Association</b>.&nbsp;</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sense About Science USA is funded by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;and donations from members of the public. Sense About Science USA does not&nbsp;accept industry funding or support.&nbsp;<b>Sense About Science USA&nbsp;is wholly independent of any university, society, or other organization.”</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The&nbsp;<a href="http://www.senseaboutscienceusa.org/donate/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">website conveys</a>&nbsp;a sense of grassroots support, noting that its<b>&nbsp;campaign calling for the registration of clinical drug trials has drawn 30,000 donors.</b>&nbsp;“We don’t have fancy offices. Sense About Science USA is in the back of a bakery and cafe. We put our&nbsp;money into doing, and every little bit helps.”</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tobacco Ties</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Both STATS and Sense About Science have roots in the tobacco industry PR wars.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">STATS and CMPA were founded by Robert Lichter, PhD, a former Fox news commentator and professor of communications at GMU.&nbsp;<b>Phillip Morris contracted with CMPA and Lichter during the 1990s, according to documents from the Tobacco Institute made available by the UCSF tobacco industry documents library.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 1994, Phillip Morris sought CMPA’s help dealing with the “recent onslaught of attacks on the tobacco industry” in the media, according to an&nbsp;<a href="https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=hhyh0062" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">internal memo</a>&nbsp;proposing strategies to “refocus the media’s attention on the need for objectivity.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In an&nbsp;<b>email dated February 8, 1999, Phillip Morris vice president Vic Han referred to CMPA as “a media watchdog group that we have contributed to over the last several years,</b>” the&nbsp;<a href="http://archive.jsonline.com/watchdog/watchdogreports/54195302.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</a>&nbsp;reported.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The founder of Sense About Science, Dick Taverne, also appears in the UCSF tobacco industry files. As Liza Gross explains in&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/15/how-self-appointed-guardians-of-sound-science-tip-the-scales-toward-industry/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The Intercept</a>:</font></p><p class="indent-text" style="margin: 0px 0px 25px 40px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">According to internal documents released in litigation by cigarette manufacturers,&nbsp;Taverne’s consulting company, PRIMA Europe, helped British American Tobacco&nbsp;<a href="https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=tllb0192" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">improve relations with its investors</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=njpd0116" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">beat European regulations on cigarettes</a>&nbsp;in the 1990s.</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p><p class="indent-text" style="margin: 0px 0px 25px 40px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Taverne himself worked on the investors project: In an&nbsp;<a href="https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=tllb0192?" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">undated memo</a>, PRIMA assured the tobacco company that ‘the work would be done personally by Dick Taverne,’ because he was well placed to interview industry opinion leaders and ‘would seek to ensure that industry’s needs are foremost in people’s minds.’</font></p><p class="indent-text" style="margin: 0px 0px 25px 40px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>During the same decade, Taverne sat on the board of the British branch of the powerhouse public relations firm Burson-Marsteller,</b>&nbsp;which claimed Philip Morris as a client. The idea for a “sound science” group, made up of a network of scientists who would speak out against regulations that industrial spokespeople lacked the credibility to challenge, was a pitch Burson-Marsteller made to Philip Morris in a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=ygjm0128" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">1994 memorandum</a>.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Taverne stepped down as chairman of Sense About Science in 2012</b>. Sense About Science USA launched in 2014 in Brooklyn under the direction of Butterworth. The two groups are described as sister organizations with “close ties and similar aims.”</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Exposing ‘Bogus Science’ Through the&nbsp;Living Marxism Network&nbsp;</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lord Taverne founded Sense About Science in 2002 to “expose bogus science,” according to&nbsp;<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ghSuAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT195&lpg=PT195&dq=%22dick+taverne%22+AND+%22bogus+science%22&source=bl&ots=OZGR2OtqVb&sig=xeCz8LvmrEYtwmqnk2HrOD0_15o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQkNHXx93PAhUFwVQKHQkxBIcQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=%22dick%20taverne%22%20AND%20%22bogus%20science%22&f=false" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">his memoir</a>. As Liza Gross explained in&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/15/how-self-appointed-guardians-of-sound-science-tip-the-scales-toward-industry/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The Intercept</a>, early sponsors of the group included some of Taverne’s former business clients and companies in which he owned stock.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As its first projects, Sense About Science organized a letter from&nbsp;<a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/news/archive/2003/5134-these-are-the-scientists-who-wrote-to-blair" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">114 scientists</a>&nbsp;lobbying the British government to “contradict false claims” about GMOs, and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.chronicle.com/article/vandalism-devastates-britains/14207" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">conducted a survey</a>&nbsp;highlighting the problem of vandalism against GMO crops.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2000, Taverne helped create the “<a href="http://www.sirc.org/publik/cop_guidelines_q.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Code of Practice: Guidelines on Science and Health Communication</a>,” a manifesto from the Social Institute Research Center and the&nbsp;<b>Royal Institution&nbsp;</b>on the&nbsp;</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">procedures journalists and scientists should use to avoid unjustified “scare stories” in the media.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Guidelines were the foundational document for Sense About Science and its sister organization, the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cjr.org/the_observatory/science_media_centers_the_pres.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Science Media Centre</a>, a group that has been called&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nature.com/news/science-media-centre-of-attention-1.13362" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">“science’s PR agency.”</a>&nbsp;</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Partly funded by&nbsp;corporations, the Science Media Centre often promotes the views of scientists who downplay risk about controversial technologies and chemicals, and its earliest work involved&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2002/jun/02/gm.observersciencepages" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">defending GMOs using stealth tactics</a>.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As writers&nbsp;<a href="http://www.monbiot.com/2003/12/09/invasion-of-the-entryists/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">George Monbiot</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/other_comments/268982/sense_about_science.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Zac Goldsmith</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.lobbywatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=151" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Jonathan Matthews</a>&nbsp;and others have documented, both Sense About Science and the Science Media Centre originated from and are directed by a network of people connected to the&nbsp;<b>Revolutionary Communist Party, which later morphed into&nbsp;<a href="http://www.lobbywatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=78" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Living Marxism</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20000607160440/www.informinc.co.uk/LM/LM97/index.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">LM magazine</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.spiked-online.com/" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Spiked Magazine</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.instituteofideas.com/" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Institute of Ideas</a></b>, which promote an idealized vision of technology, extreme free-market views and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.monbiot.com/1998/11/01/far-left-or-far-right/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">disdain for environmentalists</a>.[// USA]</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As&nbsp;<a href="http://www.monbiot.com/2003/12/09/invasion-of-the-entryists/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Monbiot wrote</a>&nbsp;in 2003, “the scientific establishment, always politically naive, appears unwittingly to have permitted its interests to be represented to the public by the members of a bizarre and cultish political network.”</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Further reading:</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/15/how-self-appointed-guardians-of-sound-science-tip-the-scales-toward-industry/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span>The Intercept</a>: How Self-Appointed Guardians of ‘Sound Science’ Tip the Scales Toward Industry</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2011/09/how-lobbyists-are-spinning-weak-science-to-defend-bpa/245657/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The Atlantic</a>: How Lobbyists are Spinning Weak Science to Defend BPA</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.cjr.org/the_observatory/bpa_health_and_nuance.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Columbia Journalism Review</a>: BPA, Health and Nuance: STATS report criticizes media coverage but has its own faults</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2009/11/industry-reacts-to-consumer-reports-bpa-report/index.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Consumer Reports</a>: Industry Reacts to Consumer Reports BPA Report</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.cjr.org/analysis/statistical_advisory_board.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">CJR</a>: Meet the man who wants to help journalists with numbers</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/jon-entine-the-chemical-industrys-master-messenger/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">USRTK</a>: Jon Entine: The Chemical Industry’s Master Messenger</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2986952/why_is_cornell_university_hosting_a_gmo_propaganda_campaign.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">The Ecologist</a>: Why is Cornell University Hosting a GMO Propaganda Campaign?</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">More on funders:</font></span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050299.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Washington Post</a>: Scaife: Funding Father of the Right</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2013/december/climate-change/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Drexel University</a>:&nbsp;Not Just the Koch Brothers: New Drexel Study Reveals Funders Behind the Climate Change Denial Effort</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/scaife-family-foundations" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">DeSmog Blog</a>: Scaife Family Foundations</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/14789" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">DeSmog Blog</a>:&nbsp;Charles G. Koch; Richard Mellon Sciafe; Searle Freedom Trust; Donors Trust:&nbsp;Study Details Dark Money Flowing to Climate Science Denial</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/613470e79eb64a5f9a4880996e0fd7c5/george-mason-university-becomes-favorite-charles-koch" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Associated Press</a>: George Mason University Becomes a Favorite of Charles Koch</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/connor-gibson/to-charles-koch-professor_b_9100904.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Huffington Post</a>: To Charles Koch, Professors are Lobbyists</font></p><div class="clearfix" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><footer class="entry-meta" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;"><div class="entry-meta-category-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="cat-links" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="categories-icon glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" title="Posted in" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; top: 1px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/category/food-for-thought/" rel="category tag" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Food For Thought</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/category/our-investigations/" rel="category tag" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Our Investigations</a>&nbsp;</span><span class="tags-links" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="tags-icon glyphicon glyphicon-tags" title="Tagged" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; top: 1px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/tag/sense-about-science/" rel="tag" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Sense About Science</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://usrtk.org/tag/trevor-butterworth/" rel="tag" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box;">Trevor Butterworth</a></span></span></span></font></div></footer></div></div></article></main></div><div class="col-sm-3" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; min-height: 1px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; float: left; width: 242.5px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Genetic_Literacy_Project"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Genetic_Literacy_Project</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GLP Executive Director&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jon_Entine" title="Jon Entine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jon Entine</a>&nbsp;is a former journalist. The&nbsp;<i>Huffington Post</i>&nbsp;released Entine's emails with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Kevin_Folta" title="Kevin Folta" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kevin Folta</a>&nbsp;where they discussed funding from Monsanto and ways to discredit GMO critics. Folta was later discovered to be acting as a third party scientist for Monsanto.<sup id="cite_ref-HuffPo_13-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Genetic_Literacy_Project#cite_note-HuffPo-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup>&nbsp;When Folta's emails became public, showing he was being funded by Monsanto, he contacted&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Keith_Kloor" title="Keith Kloor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Keith Kloor</a>&nbsp;to preemptively release the emails, "but selectively." After Kloor wrote the story for&nbsp;<i>Nature</i>, he then warned&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jon_Entine" title="Jon Entine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jon Entine</a>&nbsp;of the&nbsp;<a class="mw-selflink selflink" style="text-decoration: inherit; background: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold;">Genetic Literacy Project</a>: "You and I should also talk,"&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Keith_Kloor" title="Keith Kloor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Keith Kloor</a>&nbsp;wrote to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jon_Entine" title="Jon Entine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jon Entine</a>. "You are in the emails."<sup id="cite_ref-HuffPo_13-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Genetic_Literacy_Project#cite_note-HuffPo-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The website for the Genetic Literacy Project also has several pages where&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin" title="Rebecca Goldin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Rebecca Goldin</a>&nbsp;is called "Research Director for the Genetic Literacy Project and Director of Research for the Statistical Assessment Service (STATS) at George Mason University," adding, "She holds a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Mathematics, and a B.A., cum laude from Harvard University."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Genetic_Literacy_Project#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Genetic_Literacy_Project#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Archived pages of the website for&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Statistical_Assessment_Service" title="Statistical Assessment Service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Statistical Assessment Service</a>&nbsp;(STATS) carry an emblem for the Genetic Literacy Project in the upper left corner.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Genetic_Literacy_Project#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One of the Genetic Literacy Project's writers is&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Stephan_Neidenbach" title="Stephan Neidenbach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Stephan Neidenbach</a>.</font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_Information"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact Information</font></span></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Genetic Literacy Project/ CMPA/STATS</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">933 N. Kenmore St., Suite 405</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Arlington, VA 22201</font></li></ul></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Rebecca Goldin was the director of research at both&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Statistical_Assessment_Service" title="Statistical Assessment Service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Statistical Assessment Service</a>&nbsp;(STATS) and the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Genetic_Literacy_Project" title="Genetic Literacy Project" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Genetic Literacy Project</a>&nbsp;and Associate Professor of Mathematical Sciences at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George Mason University</a>, who is now affliated with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Sense_About_Science_USA" title="Sense About Science USA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sense About Science USA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldin_1-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-Goldin-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup>&nbsp;She joined STATS in September 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup>&nbsp;In a review of a book written by STATS authors, Salon noted that it was filled with "disingenuous maneuvers”. The review added, "It’s clear that while the authors are good at looking up articles in Lexis-Nexis, they aren’t playing straight with their readers . . . Their analyses and conclusions inevitably stack up in favor of the view that there are few environmental problems that less government spending won’t fix and that social dilemmas like racial discrimination are figments of overactive imagination. A fair review of the state of science journalism is always welcome, but this cleverly disguised example of corporate propaganda isn’t it."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup>&nbsp;In the New York Review of Books, Michael Massing wrote "the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Media_and_Public_Affairs" title="Center for Media and Public Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Center for Media and Public Affairs</a>&nbsp;was set up with conservative foundation money in the mid-1980s as part of a growing effort by the right to portray the American press as liberal and out of touch with mainstream America."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Reporters with the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported that&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Statistical_Assessment_Service" title="Statistical Assessment Service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Statistical Assessment Service</a>&nbsp;was a stealth defender of the chemical industry that did not disclose funders and was associated with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Media_and_Public_Affairs" title="Center for Media and Public Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Center for Media and Public Affairs</a>&nbsp;(CMPA) which had contracted with tobacco companies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup>&nbsp;The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Genetic_Literacy_Project" title="Genetic Literacy Project" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Genetic Literacy Project</a>&nbsp;has been noted for its attacks on reporters and for hosting conferences secretly funded by industry to promote GMO agriculture and the safety of glyphosate.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In an investigation of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Sense_About_Science_USA" title="Sense About Science USA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sense About Science USA</a>, Liza Gross with The Intercept wrote, "Sense About Science does not always disclose when its sources on controversial matters are scientists with ties to the industries under examination."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup>&nbsp;Gross continued, "And the group is known to take positions that buck scientific consensus or dismiss emerging evidence of harm. When journalists rightly ask who sponsors research into the risks of, say, asbestos, or synthetic chemicals, they’d be well advised to question the evidence Sense About Science presents in these debates as well."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup></font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="background: none; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h2><span class="toctogglespan" style=""><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox" style="cursor: pointer;" /></span></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#Work_for_the_Statistical_Assessment_Service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Work for the Statistical Assessment Service</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#Research_Director_for_the_Genetic_Literacy_Project" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Research Director for the Genetic Literacy Project</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#Other_Information" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Other Information</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#Articles_and_resources" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Articles and resources</span></font></a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#Related_SourceWatch_articles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Related SourceWatch articles</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#External_resources" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External resources</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#External_articles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External articles</span></font></a></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Work_for_the_Statistical_Assessment_Service"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Work for the Statistical Assessment Service</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Goldin edited The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Statistical_Assessment_Service" title="Statistical Assessment Service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Statistical Assessment Service</a>&nbsp;webpage devoted to undermining the science linking sodas with obesity while attacking the benefits of taxing soda.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup>&nbsp;Research from UCLA has found a direct link between soda and obesity.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup>&nbsp;NPR has reported that the World Health Organization urged countries to tax sodas. Dr. Douglas Bettcher, director of the WHO's Department for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, says that "consumption of free sugars, including products like sugary drinks, is a major factor in the global increase of people suffering from obesity and diabetes." Blecher stated, "If governments tax products like sugary drinks, they can reduce suffering and save lives. They can also cut healthcare costs and increase revenues to invest in health services."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup>&nbsp;Researchers at UCLA later confirmed the importance of a soda tax, writing, "Educating people to drink fewer sugar-sweetened beverages only works to a point. After that, taxation on an unhealthy product — along with putting those taxes toward public health programs — would help far more.”<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Writing for the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Statistical_Assessment_Service" title="Statistical Assessment Service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Statistical Assessment Service</a>&nbsp;Goldin critiqued a story by ProPublica’s Charles Ornstein on opoids. The story also appeared in the Washington Post.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup>&nbsp;Goldin wrote, “the non-profit investigative journalism outfit ProPublica decided to lambast prescription opioid use and administration with a shocking but misleading statistic. ‘The news about narcotic painkillers is increasingly dire,’ said ProPublica. ‘Overdoses now kill nearly 15,000 people a year — more than heroin and cocaine combined.’” Goldin also criticized CDC’s director, Dr. Thomas Frieden for stating that America is “awash” in opioids.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup>&nbsp;Multiple media outlets later reported how payments to drug makers helped to fuel the opioid crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a></sup>&nbsp;Purdue Pharma, the maker of Oxycontin, later announced it would stop marketing opioids to doctors.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Research_Director_for_the_Genetic_Literacy_Project"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Research Director for the Genetic Literacy Project</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">At an archived page of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Genetic_Literacy_Project" title="Genetic Literacy Project" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Genetic Literacy Project</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a></sup>&nbsp;and on several pages where she contributed, Goldin is cited as the Research Director for the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Genetic_Literacy_Project" title="Genetic Literacy Project" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Genetic Literacy Project</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;Director of Research for the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Statistical_Assessment_Service" title="Statistical Assessment Service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Statistical Assessment Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Genetic_Literacy_Project" title="Genetic Literacy Project" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Genetic Literacy Project</a>&nbsp;is operated by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jon_Entine" title="Jon Entine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jon Entine</a>&nbsp;to promote GMOs. Bloomberg and The Progressive have reported that lawyers suing Monsanto state in court documents that companies funnel money to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Genetic_Literacy_Project" title="Genetic Literacy Project" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Genetic Literacy Project</a>&nbsp;in order to "shame scientists and highlight information helpful to Monsanto and other chemical producers.”&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a></sup>&nbsp;In a report that examined corporate attacks on science, Congress found that to discredit the World Health Organization (WHO), Monsanto "turned to industry trade groups, such as CropLife and industry front groups, such as Genetic Literacy Project and Academics Review as platforms of support for industry spokespersons."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_Information"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other Information</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">An August 2008 biographical note stated that "this fall, I am involved with running on a conference on Menopause and the Media, joint with the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hormone_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hormone Foundation (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hormone Foundation</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Goldin_1-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-Goldin-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Dr. Goldin was the 2007 recipient of the American Women in Mathematics (AWM) Michler award in 2007 for outstanding young women mathematicians.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a></sup>&nbsp;In August of 2008 she delivered the Falconer Lecture, the keynote address, at AWM’s annual conference in Madison Wisconsin. In 2008 Dr. Goldin was elected to the Council of the American Mathematical Society and serves on it Science and Policy Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldin_1-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-Goldin-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Articles_and_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles and resources</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Science, Space & Technology: "Spinning Science & Silencing Scientists: A Case Study in How the Chemical Industry Attempts to Influence Science"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Desmog Blog, page on Statistical Assessment Service<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Trevor Butterworth and Sense About Science Spin Science for Industry<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rebecca_Goldin#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch articles</font></span></h3><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Statistical_Assessment_Service" title="Statistical Assessment Service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Statistical Assessment Service</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Sense_About_Science_USA" title="Sense About Science USA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Sense About Science USA</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Genetic_Literacy_Project" title="Genetic Literacy Project" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Genetic Literacy Project</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Trevor_Butterworth" title="Trevor Butterworth" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Trevor Butterworth</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jon_Entine" title="Jon Entine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Jon Entine</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Maia_Szavalitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maia Szavalitz (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Maia Szavalitz</font></a></li></ul><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></span></h3></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div>Is the media fair to Donald Trump?</div><div>Oct 18, 2016 7:12 PM EDT</div><div>
</div></div><div><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/media-fair-donald-trump"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/media-fair-donald-trump</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">d<span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">onald Trump has been warning his supporters of a coming large-scale voter fraud on Nov. 8, but he has also suggested that the election is already rigged, via the news media. For a closer look at the influence the press wields during elections, Judy Woodruff talks to Robert Lichter of George Mason University and Jim Rutenberg of The New York Times.</span></font></div><h2 class="vtheader" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.16em; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Read the Full Transcript</font></h2><ul class="video-transcript" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claims of news media bias in politics are certainly nothing new. But what of Donald Trump's accusation that the press is actually responsible for rigging the presidential election against him?</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-weight: inherit;">To explore that notion, we are joined by Jim Rutenberg, media columnist for The New York Times, and </span><b>Robert Lichter. He's director of the center for Media and Public Affairs at George Mason University.</b></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And we welcome both of you to the program.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I'm going to start with you, Robert Lichter.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donald Trump is saying that the media — and I'm quoting — is being — that the election is being rigged by what he calls the dishonest, distorted media pushing Hillary Clinton.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">You have studied the American media for, what, decades? Is there a grain of truth to what he says?</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ROBERT LICHTER, George Mason University:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Well, when people say the media are biased, they usually mean somebody is getting too much attention, more than he deserves, and his coverage is more favorable than he should get.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donald Trump is a news magnet. He gets more attention than anybody else, but a lot of that attention compares him either with Hitler or Mussolini. So studies show what our eyes see, that Trump gets a lot of coverage, that his coverage is very negative.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He has managed the considerable feat of getting more negative coverage than Hillary Clinton, who has issues in her own right. I think that — so you could make a case that there is bias. I think the question is whether the traditional definitions of bias apply to such a nontraditional candidate as Donald Trump.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jim Rutenberg, how do you see this? You write about this stuff frequently for The Times.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JIM RUTENBERG, The New York Times:</font></span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I think I would agree with that assessment to a degree.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One thing is, though, that Donald Trump's candidacy has been so amazing and has been such — it has had such a can't-look-away quality, because he says things that we're not used to hearing from the standard-bearer oft Republican Party.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">So, to the extent that some of the things are about the appearances of women, what have you, what we just heard on the </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"Access Hollywood" leaked tape of him discussing his behavior with women, was at best descriptions of groping, there's going to be a reaction to it. The press is going to cover that, and it's going to, yes, be negative, but it is also what it is. It's a pretty accurate description of what he said in that tape, for instance.</span></font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Well, let's take this a little bit further. What Donald Trump — Bob Lichter, what Donald Trump is saying is that the media is in collusion with the Clinton campaign. What evidence is there that that could possibly be true?</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ROBERT LICHTER:</font></span></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Well, they have been so nice to her about her e-mails, I think, is a piece of evidence.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="font-weight: inherit;">It's perfectly obvious, and, again,</span><b> studies show</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;"> that her coverage is more negative than positive. There's been…</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(CROSSTALK)</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wait a minute. There was one story about a member of the Clinton organization passing along information ahead of a debate. Is that right?</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ROBERT LICHTER:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Right. Yes. There was that one story.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yes.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ROBERT LICHTER:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">And then there is the issue of her not turning these [emails?] over, which has been raised many, many times by Donald Trump and by journalists.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">So I think they're just — there isn't a case that can be made that the media has gone soft of Hillary Clinton.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> She's not getting great coverage either.</span></font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And, in fact — and Bob Lichter just referred to this, Jim Rutenberg — the media, especially television media, can be credited for giving Donald Trump a lot of airtime, a lot of print space during the primary period.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JIM RUTENBERG:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I mean, this drove his Republican competitors for the nomination crazy. And there was one analysis that my newspaper wrote about where the figure that was used in terms of — quote, unquote — "free media" — this was the value of the extra airtime he got from the news networks — was some $2 billion.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">No candidate came close. So he draws the cameras. It can be a good thing for him. Sometimes, it's a bad thing for him. Right now, it's not going so well.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">How do you put this in historical perspective, Bob Lichter? We know the role of the press has changed in this country. I mean, you have talked about how, 17th, 18th centuries, we had a partisan press in the United States.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ROBERT LICHTER:</font></span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yes, Donald Trump should go back a couple of hundred years and see the nasty things that were said about Adams and Jefferson.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It's only the 20th century that the press has taken on the role of being an objective arbiter, trying to be fair and balanced and objective. And in a way, it releases journalists from the responsibility of saying I'm presenting this from my point of view, sort of nobody's point of view. I'm being fair all around.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Donald Trump makes that really hard to do. This is man who insults members of his own party. He bullies his opponents. He says things that are demonstrably untrue. What do you do with that as a journalist to be objective without becoming negative in a way that opens you to charges of media bias?</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">I think Trump has done a good job of kind of defanging the media, to some degree.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And, Jim Rutenberg, you have also written about how Donald Trump has singled out the press at his campaign rallies, to the point where members of the press have felt uncomfortable and worse.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JIM RUTENBERG:</font></span></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Well, two major networks are now using security at his rallies. And it's kind of, he will direct the crowd at the assembled press.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b>And I have covered many rallies in my career where that hasn't happened, with the exception of maybe Sarah Palin kind of toward the end of '08 and when she was kind of flirting with her own presidential run.</b></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And other colleagues I have talked to who are much older than I am refer me back the George Wallace and some of his rallies were tense. But the National Guard was there protecting the press. But this is the insane territory to be in, as a country right now, where this is a conversation we're having.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-weight: inherit;">Jim Rutenberg, staying with you, I want to come back to something you quoted this week in one of your columns, a </span><b>senior editor at the Web site American Conservative, and he — it's Rod Dreher, I think is how you say his name.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b>He said: "Mainstream journalists are interested in every kind of diversity, except the kind that would challenge their own prejudices. Those include bigotry against conservative religion, bigotry against rural folks and bigotry against working-class and poor white people."</b></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That's pretty sweeping, isn't it?</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JIM RUTENBERG:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It's a sweeping generalization, but, that said, I think, look, we're not perfect.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And for what most of our conversations so far have been a defense of the press, but the press — let's face it. A big part of the country is primed to believe what Donald Trump is telling them about the press. And the press needs to definitely take a look at itself.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And look, there is something to it. There is a cultural mind-set that I think even goes across the kind of ideological divide of the mainstream news media. The Wall Street Journal editorial page and The New York Times editorial page agree on certain things like free trade that this crowd feels is, you know, threatening their livelihoods and their country.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At the same time, we know that — you have talked, Robert Lichter, about the need for American — frankly, for journalists to rethink the way we write about, not just Donald Trump, but the people who have been supporting Donald Trump.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson " style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vtbody body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ROBERT LICHTER:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yes, I think Jim Rutenberg was quite right that journalists, national media journalists are kind of part of an elite.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And they know government elites, they know business elites. And it's these elites that Donald Trump is running against. And, as a result, he stirs the populism of his supporters, who also feel that the elites are running away with the country, although I think it's overstated to say that these are kind of peasants with pitchforks.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I think there is a kind of bias in that portrayal of his supporters. There are some of those people, but he obviously wouldn't be running in the 40-odd percent of the public with nobody like — with everybody like that.</font></p></div></li><li class="vtperson vtperson--host" style="background-color: rgb(241, 248, 252); margin: 0px; padding: 26px 20px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(214, 223, 232); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vt__body body-text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 900px; width: 753px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDY WOODRUFF:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">No question about that.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Lichter, we thank you.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 700px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jim Rutenberg with The New York Times, thank you both.</font></p></div></li></ul><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.amazon.com/Books-S-Robert-Lichter/s?rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3AS.+Robert+Lichter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Late Night with Trump: Political Humor and the American Presidency</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Late Night with Trump: Political Humor and the American Presidency</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by Stephen J. Farnsworth and S. Robert Lichter | Dec 5, 2019</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Political Humor in a Changing Media Landscape: A New Generation of Research (Lexington Studies in Political Communication)</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Political Humor in a Changing Media Landscape: A New Generation of Research (Lexington Studies in Political Communication)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by Jody Baumgartner and Amy Becker | Jun 15, 2020</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It Ain't Necessarily So: How the Media Remake Our Picture of Reality</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It Ain't Necessarily So: How the Media Remake Our Picture of Reality</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by David Murray , Joel Schwartz, et al. | Sep 24, 2002</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Politics Is a Joke!: How TV Comedians Are Remaking Political Life</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Politics Is a Joke!: How TV Comedians Are Remaking Political Life</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>by S. Robert Lichter, Jody C Baumgartner , et al. | Jul 22, 2014</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.8 out of 5 stars 5</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Global President: International Media and the US Government</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Global President: International Media and the US Government</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by Stephen J. Farnsworth , S. Robert Lichter, et al. | Aug 8, 2013</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Nightly News Nightmare: Media Coverage of U.S. Presidential Elections, 1988-2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Nightly News Nightmare: Media Coverage of U.S. Presidential Elections, 1988-2008</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>by Stephen J. Farnsworth and Robert S. Lichter | Sep 16, 2010</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5.0 out of 5 stars 1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roots of Radicalism: Jews, Christians, and the New Left</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roots of Radicalism: Jews, Christians, and the New Left</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by Stanley Rothman and S. Robert Lichter | Nov 4, 1982</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5.0 out of 5 stars 4</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hardcover</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Paperback</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Politically Correct University: Problems, Scope, and Reforms</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Politically Correct University: Problems, Scope, and Reforms</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by Robert Maranto, Fredrick Hess, et al. | Oct 16, 2009</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When Should the Watchdogs Bark?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>When Should the Watchdogs Bark?</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>by S. Robert Lichter and Larry J. Sabato | Oct 25, 1994</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.0 out of 5 stars 1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bs blurb</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="" amazon="Amazon" ember="Ember" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">What were the differences between the three scandals that shook the Clinton administration in the winter of 1993-94? What issues of character and competence were at stake in the allegations brought against the President in the course of the Whitewater hearings, by the troopers who served as his personal bodyguards when he was governor, and in the sexual harassment suit pursued by Paula Corbin Jones? What accounts for the reaction of the mainstream news media and the differences in the coverage of these three scandals? Dr. Robert Lichter of the Center for Media and Public Affairs and Larry Sabato, of the University of Virginia, answer these questions in this thorough and well-researched book. The result of numerous interviews and extensive analysis of mainstream news coverage, in both print and on television,&nbsp;</span><i style="" amazon="Amazon" ember="Ember" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">When Should the Watchdogs Bark?</i><span style="" amazon="Amazon" ember="Ember" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">&nbsp;offers compelling explanations for the behavior of the news media during these three scandals. Lichter and Sabato argue that the mainstream media was more willing to pursue the Whitewater story because of its resemblance to more traditionally reported upon forms of political corruption.</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Media Elite: America's New Powerbrokers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Media Elite: America's New Powerbrokers</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>by S. Robert Lichter&nbsp; | Nov 1, 1986</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Only 1 left in stock - order soon.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Watching America&nbsp; (What Television Tells Us About Our Lives)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Watching America (What Television Tells Us About Our Lives)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by S. Robert Lichter , Linda S. Lichter, et al. | May 1, 1991</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hardcover</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental Cancer_A Political Disease?: A Political Disease?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental Cancer_A Political Disease?: A Political Disease?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by S Robert Lichter&nbsp; | Feb 8, 1999</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2.7 out of 5 stars 3</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">fluff? stub?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Robert Lichter is a Professor of Communication at George Mason University, where he directs the Center for Media and Public Affairs, which conducts scientific studies of the news and entertainment media, and formerly directed the Statistical Assessment Service (STATS), which works to improve the quality of statistical and scientific information in the news.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Academia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Scholarly work</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Bibliography</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Journal articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Criticism and response</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Academia[edit]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lichter has taught political science at Princeton, Georgetown, and George Washington universities, and he was a research faculty member at Yale University and Columbia University. He was also a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow at Smith College and held the DeWitt Wallace Chair in Mass Communications at the American Enterprise Institute. He received his Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University and his B.A., summa cum laude, from the University of Minnesota.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scholarly work[edit]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lichter has authored or co-authored fourteen books and over a hundred scholarly articles and monographs on the news and entertainment media. His best-known work, The Media Elite, (written with Stanley Rothman and Linda Lichter, and funded by conservative foundations) argued that journalists, on average, held more liberal political views than the general public, and that their backgrounds and outlooks affect their coverage of the news. This claim was extended by conservative pundits as evidence for a liberal bias in the media. It also provoked widespread debate among journalists and their critics. The Media Elite was based on interviews with major media journalists and content analysis of their work.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lichter and his co-authors have also written on the social and political perspectives of popular culture, in books such as Prime Time and Watching America, as well as on news coverage of science and health issues, in Environmental Cancer—A Political Disease and It Ain't Necessarily So. His most recent books (written with Stephen Farnsworth) are The Nightly News Nightmare: Television Coverage of Presidential Elections (2006, 2nd ed.); and The Mediated Presidency: Television News and Presidential Governance (2005). These works use content analysis to examine the media's coverage of government and election campaigns.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1986 Lichter and his late ex-wife, sociologist Linda Lichter, established the Center for Media and Public Affairs (CMPA), a non-profit organization that sought to influence public debate on the media by publishing frequent studies of media coverage using the social scientific tool of content analysis. This was the first time this type of academic research was used on a regular and systematic basis to affect the general public's view of the media. Since then other groups have followed suit, including the Annenberg School for Communication and the Pew Foundation's Project for Excellence in Journalism. In 2004 the CMPA became affiliated with the George Mason University.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bibliography[</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Journal articles[</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stanley Rothman; Neil Nevitte & S. Robert Lichter (March 2005). "Politics and Professional Advancement". Academic Questions. 18 (2): 71–84. doi:10.1007/s12129-005-1008-y. Reprinted on the occasion of the award by the National Association of Scholars of the Sidney Hook Memorial Award to Stanley Rothman, 22 May 2004. Originally published online in The Forum (subscription required).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Criticism and response[</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Some critics, such as Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) and the Columbia Journalism Review, have criticized Lichter and the CMPA for holding a conservative bias of their own or for being funded by conservative foundations.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nonetheless, major media outlets regularly carry stories based on the CMPA's studies, and the organization was described by the Los Angeles Times' Tom Rosenstiel as "non-partisan" in an interview in the D.C.-based City Paper (2/30/90). USA Today (6/28/91) also described Lichter's methodology as "non-partisan", and Newsday (3/4/92) characterized his research as "non-ideological." After a Washington Post article referred to CMPA as "conservative," the Post published a "Clarification", which concluded, "The center describes itself as nonpartisan, and its studies have been cited by both conservative and liberal commentators." (2/9/00)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External links[</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Appearances on C-SPAN</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Authority control Edit this at Wikidata<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BIBSYS: 90888661BNE: XX1148746BNF: cb12078576f (data)GND: 123057590ISNI: 0000 0001 1850 7297LCCN: n81148372NLA: 36541227NTA: 072345942SUDOC: 029086779VIAF: 100238372WorldCat Identities: lccn-n81148372</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Categories: Living peopleAmerican political scientistsHarvard University alumniUniversity of Minnesota alumni</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Robert_Lichter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">sw</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Robert Lichter is president of the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs and Professor of Communication at George Mason University. Until 2008 he was a paid contributor to the Fox News Channel [1].</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Press Commission, American Institutions of Democracy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Biography</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Robert Lichter's criticisms of Peter Arnett</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>SourceWatch Resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Biography</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the CMPA website, "Dr. Lichter previously taught at Princeton, Georgetown, and George Washington universities. He also served as a Postdoctoral Fellow in Politics and Psychology at Yale University, Senior Research Fellow at Columbia University, and National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow at Smith College, and he held the DeWitt Wallace Chair in Mass Communications at the American Enterprise Institute. He received his Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University and his B.A., summa cum laude, from the University of Minnesota. " [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Furthermore, until 2008 he was a paid contributor to the Fox News Channel.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Lichter's criticisms of Peter Arnett</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lichter has repeatedly criticised Peter Arnett.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to FAIR [3], at a conference sponsored by Accuracy In Media after the first Gulf War, Lichter was reported by AP (4/27/91) to have said "...he was disappointed in statements by [Peter] Arnett upon his return from Baghdad that he was in the enemy capital on behalf of all CNN viewers, not just Americans. 'I see a trend toward journalists seeing themselves as citizens of the world' rather than patriotic Americans, Lichter said."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lichter had another go at Arnett in the second Gulf War, during the media feeding frenzy following Arnett's remarks in an interview with Iraqi state television. An April 1, 2004 Washington Post article quoted Lichter saying: "If ever there was a poster boy for bias, it is now Peter Arnett." [4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SourceWatch Resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Media and Public Affairs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fox News</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for the Study of Social and Political Change</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Lichter's biography on the CMPA website</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1993 lecture by Robert Lichter - 'Is There a Liberal Bias in the Media?' at the Ashbrook Center (includes audio recording)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FAIR Research Memo, "Study of Bias or Biased Study? The Lichter Method and the Attack on PBS Documentaries", May 14, 1992</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Media voices near-unanimous agreement with Arnett firing", CARMA International PR Week, April 14, 2003</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.conservapedia.com/Liberal_bias</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;Robert Lichter and Stanley Rothman’s 1981 survey of 240 journalists at top media outlets; Los Angeles Times 1985 survey of 2,700 journalists at 621 American newspapers; Robert Lichter and Stanley Rothman’s 1986 study of the media’s attitudes and their influence on society, as published in the National Federation for Decency’s Journal; Indiana University journalism professors David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit’s 1992 survey of 1,410 newspaper, magazine, television, and radio journalists; Stanley Rothman and Amy Black’s 1995 study of the media elite.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up? Robert Lichter and Stanley Rothman’s 1986 study of the media’s attitudes and their influence on society, Op. cit.; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit’s 1992 survey of 1,410 journalists, Op. cit.; Annenberg Public Policy Center and Annenberg Foundation Trust’s 2005 survey of 673 journalists from newspapers, television, magazines, radio, and Internet; Pew Research Center’s 2008 survey of 222 journalists and news executives.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Jump up to:133.0 133.1 Los Angeles Times 1985 survey of 2,700 journalists at 621 American newspapers, Op. cit.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Jump up to:134.0 134.1 Robert Lichter and Stanley Rothman’s 1981 survey of 240 journalists at top media outlets, Op. cit.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://books.google.com/books/yup?vid=ISBN9780300076349</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Common terms and phrases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">activities aflatoxin Agent Orange air pollution Alar American animal tests animals argued asbestos breast cancer Bruce Ames cancer agents cancer causation cancer epidemic cancer experts cancer policy cancer rates cancer researchers cancer risks carcinogens cause cancer causes of cancer cinogens concern Congress conservation controversy critics dangers debate deep ecology Delaney clause diet dioxin disease Doll and Peto drugs earth ecofeminism ecological environment environmental activists environmental cancer environmental groups environmental issues environmental leaders environmental movement environmentalists estimates example factors federal food additives growth hazards human ideological increased industry journalists legislation Lichter lung cancer major media coverage ment mental National Cancer nature nuclear power organizations percent perspective pesticides political population potential problems public policy radiation regulation Rothman sample scientists smoking social sources species stories substances sunlight survey tion tobacco tobacco smoke United views vironmental Whelan Wildavsky women</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">About the author (1999)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Robert Lichter is president of the Center for Media and Public Affairs in Washington, D.C., and adjunct professor of political science at Georgetown University. He is the author of many books and articles on the role of news and entertainment media in American society. Stanley Rothman is Mary Huggins Gamble Professor of Government Emeritus and director of the Center for the Study of Social and Political Change at Smith College. His numerous books include American Elites, published by Yale University Press.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bibliographic information</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">QR code for Environmental Cancer-- a Political Disease?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Title Environmental Cancer-- a Political Disease?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Authors S. Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edition illustrated</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Publisher Yale University Press, 1999</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ISBN 0300076347, 9780300076349</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Length 235 pages</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">climate change communication?!</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">off bs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Research Team</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Professor</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Department of Communication</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George Mason University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bio:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Lichter directs Mason’s Center for Media and Public Affairs which conducts scientific studies of the news and entertainment media, and also directs the Statistical Assessment Service (STATS) which works to improve the quality of statistical and scientific information in the news.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bob has authored or co-authored fourteen books and over a hundred scholarly articles and monographs and he is currently working on a book about foreign media coverage of the United States. His most recent books are The Nightly News Nightmare: Television Coverage of Presidential Elections (2006, 2nd ed.); and The Mediated Presidency: Television News and Presidential Governance (2005).&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bob’s op-ed articles have appeared in the Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, Christian Science Monitor, and other newspapers. His current research interests span political communication, political sociology, and health and risk communication, and he has recently been focusing on climate change. Bob has previously taught at Princeton, Georgetown, and George Washington universities, and had fellowships at Yale University, Columbia University, and Smith College.[check for koch-ademia] He received his PhD in Government from Harvard University and his BA, summa cum laude, from the University of Minnesota.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Education:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BA, University of Minnesota</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PhD, Government, Harvard University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Selected Publications:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Farnsworth, S. J. & Lichter, S. R. (2006). The Nightly News Nightmare: Television Coverage of Presidential Elections. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Farnsworth, S. J. & Lichter, S. R. (2005). The Mediated Presidency: Television News and Presidential Governance. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Certainly Trump has been a media magnet. A separate New York Times analysis of news coverage credited him with getting the equivalent of $1.9 billion in free advertising from media of all types, more attention than the media paid to Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio, Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton combined.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[SEE: Editorial Cartoons on Donald Trump]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">However, presidential candidacies normally rise or fall based on the quality as well as the quantity of his press. And while Trump has attracted a great deal of notice, his notices have been overwhelmingly negative. I have conducted studies of campaign news during every presidential election from 1988 to 2012, and I have never seen a more sustained and relentless attack on a major party candidate in news articles, editorials, columns, television reports and talk shows.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Every controversial statement, whether about building a wall across the Mexican border, keeping Muslims out of the country or punishing women for having abortions, has sent shockwaves of outrage surging across the media landscape. In fact, the complaint that the media didn't take Trump seriously seems to argue only that he should have been portrayed as a knave rather than a fool. As for fact-checking, Kristof himself noted that PolitiFact chose "the many campaign misstatements of Donald Trump" as its "lie of the year."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tellingly, the heavy criticism of Trump has clearly had an effect on the public at large. Last January, a Pew poll found that only 31 percent of the public thought Trump would make a good president, compared to 52 percent who thought he would make a bad one. And a Washington Post-ABC News poll released this week found that Trump's unfavorable ratings have risen to 67 percent, which would make him least popular major-party nominee in the 32 year history of the poll.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[SEE: Editorial Cartoons on the 2016 Presidential Elections]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The argument that the media have built up Trump also ignores the fact that he has consistently exceeded early expectations in winning primary victories, which is historically associated with gaining media momentum. The only difference is that other momentum-driven candidates, from Jimmy Carter in 1976 to Barack Obama in 2008, received far more favorable press notices.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The central fact about the media's role in Trump's success is not that they have aided his candidacy, but that his core supporters have consistently ignored his bad press. And this should remind journalists of the dangers in joining a stop Trump movement. A 2012 Gallup poll found that 60 percent of the public had little or no confidence in the news media's ability to report the news fully, accurately and fairly, compared to only 8 percent who had a great deal of confidence. Journalists are already getting out the bad news about Donald Trump. The danger in calling for a media crusade against him is that it might delegitimize the media as much as Trump himself...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/03/30/politics</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...American professors are overwhelmingly liberal, according to a new report on faculty political attitudes.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Previous surveys have reached similar conclusions, but this one suggests that the ideological divide on campuses may be greater than has previously been thought. And the authors of this survey say that their evidence suggests say that conservatives, practicing Christians and women are less likely than others to get faculty jobs at top colleges.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The research, published in The Forum, is being praised as path-breaking by some scholars and as garbage by others. But since the study is being released at a time of heightened debate over charges of classroom bias, the report is likely to be closely examined and critiqued.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The findings are based on a survey of 1,643 faculty members at 183 four-year colleges and universities, and the results were analyzed by three political scientists: Stanley Rothman of Smith College, S. Robert Lichter of George Mason University and Neil Nevitte of the University of Toronto. In the abstract to their report, they say that the research "suggests that complaints of ideologically based discrimination in academic advancement deserve serious consideration and further study."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rosemary G. Feal, executive director of the Modern Language Association, said that the implication that liberal faculty members were keeping conservative scholars out was "rubbish," and said that anyone who has been on dozens of search committees, as she has, knows that. "It boggles my mind the degree to which this is rubbish."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Findings</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Faculty members in the study were asked to place themselves on the political spectrum, and 72 percent identified as liberal while only 15 percent identified as conservative, with the remainder in the middle. The professors were also asked about party affiliation, and here the breakdown was 50 percent Democrats, 11 percent Republicans, and the rest independent and third parties.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The study also broke down the findings by academic discipline, and found that humanities faculty members were the most likely (81 percent) to be liberal. The liberal percentage was at its highest in English literature (88 percent), followed by performing arts and psychology (both 84 percent), fine arts (83 percent), political science (81 percent).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other fields have more balance. The liberal-conservative split is 61-29 in education, 55-39 in economics, 53-47 in nursing, 51-19 in engineering, and 49-39 in business.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Beyond general political identification, the professors were asked for views on specific issues, and here too, the authors find faculty backing for positions associated with liberal politics. Of professors, 84 percent somewhat or strongly agree that women should have the right to have abortions, and 88 percent agree that policies should favor environmental protection even if those policies result in higher prices and fewer jobs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The report's authors say that their findings suggest a "sharp shift to the left" from earlier studies, which found more ideological balance. But in fact numerous studies have made similar findings (although in many cases less detailed) in recent years.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The American College Teacher" is a major study by the Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California at Los Angeles that features some questions on politics. The last survey, in 2001, found that 5.3 percent of faculty members were far left, 42.3 percent were liberal, 34.3 percent were middle of the road, 17.7 percent were conservative, and 0.3 percent were far right. Those figures are only marginally different from the previous survey, in 1998.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Unlike the survey released this week, the UCLA survey includes faculty members at community colleges, and those faculty members are more evenly split than their four-year counterparts, with 33.3 percent identifying as liberal, 41.1 percent as middle of the road, and 22 percent as conservative.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The new study published in The Forum also attempts to look at the impact of the ideological split on college faculties.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">So the authors devised an "academic achievement index" of&nbsp; faculty members by looking at such factors as books written, journal articles and service on editorial boards. Then the authors looked at certain factors, such as political views, whether someone was religious (defined as attending services "at least once or twice a month"), and gender. The authors then tracked where scholars ended up to see whether there was a relationship between various factors in their backgrounds and whether they ended up at top colleges.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The authors report that among scholars with equivalent academic achievements, liberals are more likely than conservatives to be at top colleges. The scholars also found a negative correlation for being a practicing Christian to getting positions at top colleges (but not for observant Jews) and for women.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the conclusion to the report, the authors acknowledge that their findings on possible discrimination against conservatives, Christians and women are "preliminary." But they go on to say that "these results suggest that conservative complaints of the presence and effects of liberal homogeneity in academia deserve to be taken seriously, despite their self-interested quality and the anecdotal nature of the evidence previously presented."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What It All Means</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen H. Balch, president of the National Association of Scholars, said that "the big news here is the first social science confirmation of the existence of discrimination in hiring and the personnel process." While previous studies have demonstrated the breadth of liberal support in the academy, he said, they have not made as direct a link to hiring and advancement.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Balch said there is now "very strong evidence" that there is bias in the hiring process against conservatives, whereas before this study, there was just "an enormous amount of anecdotal evidence."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">College faculty members and presidents, "given their interest in diversity of all other kinds, and their professed desire to overcome discrimination, need to grapple with this."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Many academic leaders, however, say that the lopsided political identification totals are entirely predictable, and do not indicate discrimination of any kind. Feal, the MLA executive director, said that when humanities professors say that they are liberals, "the majority of us understand it to be not a narrow political ideology, but a conception of the world."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"We profess the liberal arts," she said. "That comes from freedom that we hold as a high value, from the pursuit of the truth, the pursuit of academic freedom, the belief that the learning and teaching of values will make us better citizens."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Prior to coming to the MLA, Feal was a professor and department chair&nbsp; in modern languages at the State University of New York at Buffalo, and she says that searches never focused on questions of religion or politics. "These things are irrelevant in a search."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"When all was said and done, we had conservative Christians, we had liberal atheists, we had everyone," Feal said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The study is part of a broader campaign, she said, to question the qualifications and rights of faculty members, especially in the humanities. "This is such a dangerous moment," she said. "We are facing the kind of scrutiny on politics and religion that truly signals danger."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cary Nelson, author of Manifesto of a Tenured Radical, said that he wasn't surprised that some disciplines were largely liberal. Nelson, an English professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, said that in his field, "which has devoted itself significantly to expanding the canon over the last 25 years, it's most likely that the people who are coming into the disciplines are going to have a liberal sentiment rather than a reactionary sentiment."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nelson said, however, that even if most professors in some fields are liberal, you wouldn't know it from what goes on in classrooms, where he said most scholars are "bloody cowards about letting their politics out." Nelson said that he always tells his students that he is a liberal, and that conservative students will do well in his class as long as they speak up and challenge him.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When it comes to hiring, he says that some departments do engage in "PC hiring," which he defined as the kind of hiring "where a search committee will say, 'We need more women so we're going to give this slot to a woman' or 'We don't have enough gay people so we've got to hire a gay person.' " Nelson said this kind of hiring was wrong -- and foolish in the humanities -- where there is enough diversity in the total pool that "if you go for the very best people, you'll still end up with diversity."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In his department, he said, hiring is quality based, and even though many of his colleagues focus on issues of race and gender, "we hire people who work only on traditional authors, most of whom are dead white men." The question in hiring, he says, is are you excited by a person's work and its potential, not do you agree with it.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the Minority</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Not all scholars accept the premise that the ideological split is necessarily hurting higher education -- or at least not in a black-and-white way.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">cited by FIRE boys:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-op-shermer-lukianoff14apr14-story.html</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marxist professors or sensitive students?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Today, Shermer and Lukianoff weigh allegations of widespread political bias at American colleges. Later in the week, they'll debate ideological diversity in curricula, lifetime tenure for professors and more.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Faculty bias, by the numbers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By Michael Shermer</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Students should complain about professorial indoctrination, because it is real and it is loaded heavily on the left, most notably in the social sciences and the humanities.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A 2005 study by George Mason University economist Daniel Klein found that Democrats outnumbered Republicans among the faculty by a staggering ratio of nearly 10 to 1 at UC Berkeley and 7.6 to 1 at Stanford. Measuring political attitudes through voter registration among faculty in 20 different departments, in the humanities and social sciences the ratio was 16 to 1 at both campuses (30 to 1 among assistant and associate professors), and in some departments, such as anthropology and journalism, there wasn't a single Republican to be found.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another 2005 study by Stanley Rothman, S. Robert Lichter and Neil Nevitte discovered that only 15% of those teaching at American colleges and universities describe themselves as conservative, while 72% said they were liberal. That figure climbed to 80% in departments such as English literature, philosophy, political science and religious studies, with only 5% labeling themselves as conservative.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The bias exists even in law schools. In a 2005 article in the Georgetown Law Journal, Northwestern University law Professor John McGinnis reviewed the faculties of the top 21 law schools rated by the 2002 U.S. News & World Report graduate school rankings. He found that politically active professors at these top law schools overwhelmingly tend to be Democrats -- 81% contributed "wholly or predominantly" to Democratic campaigns while just 15% did the same for Republicans.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Given this reality, is it any wonder the academy has the reputation of being a bastion for bleeding-heart liberals? Unless they are openly teaching a course entitled, in effect, "Why Liberals Should Rule the World," professors have no business introducing their political bias to students. Their job is to teach the curriculum of their subject, not churn out a bunch of Marx-worshiping, Bush-hating, Che Guevara-loving, pinko graduates who will go out into the world woefully ignorant that most Americans think entirely differently from the way they do.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As for those mamby-pamby professors who whine about students who have the audacity to tell people on the outside what is actually going on in American classrooms, now you know what it's like to be in the real world where consumers are bosses and producers take orders. You've got the cushiest job on the planet, so buck up and take a little criticism like the rest of us have to on Planet Reality. Professors are like cloistered monks who spend their entire lives protected from the buffeting of the marketplace of ideas, where the rest of us work. Think about it: K-12, four years of undergraduate schooling, four to six years of graduate education, maybe a post-doctoral appointment or two, then assistant professor, associate professor, and finally full professor with tenure. It's womb-to-tomb socialized security. No wonder professors are paranoid about public disclosure of their work.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But thanks to the Internet, the gig is up!</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Shermer is the publisher of Skeptic magazine (skeptic.com), a monthly columnist for Scientific American, an adjunct professor in the School of Economics and Politics at Claremont Graduate University and the author of 10 books.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Being offended vs. being indoctrinated</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By Greg Lukianoff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hello Michael,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I think you make a lot of important points in your post, but you tend to conflate the evidence of bias in academia with indoctrination. A better statistic can be found in a recent Chronicle of Higher Education-Gallup Poll. According to this poll, 29% of 25- to 34-year-olds, 41% of 45- and 54-year-olds, and 60% of those over age 65 responded that professors "often" use their classrooms to espouse their own political views. Whether the real number is closer to 29% or 60%, these are powerful statistics when you are dealing with millions of students.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But is having an opinionated professor really the same as indoctrination? I have seen claims -- often from conservative students -- that students have a right not to be "harassed" by the left-leaning opinions of their professors. This drives me nuts because if there is one thing conservatives should not be doing, it is legitimizing the idea that merely being exposed to different points of view is the same thing as harassment. Harassment rationales are used to shut down people with dissenting opinions (often the socially conservative, the un-PC, or the merely unlucky) far too often.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Certainly, there are gross abuses committed by university professors against the right of private conscience of their students. California had one spectacular example back in 2003, when an adjunct professor at Citrus College gave an extra-credit assignment in which students had to write and mail letters to President Bush (pdf) opposing the Iraq war. Students were not allowed to take any other stance. This was wrong on multiple levels: It was an abuse of power, it was coerced speech, and it was arguably indoctrination.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I must emphasize, however, that the worst abuses are not coming from the professoriate; they are coming from the ever-expanding army of college administrators. One recent ghastly example that received woefully inadequate press attention was a true thought reform program at the University of Delaware. In this program, all 7,000 residents of the university's dormitories were required to attend coercive and unabashedly ideological "treatments" (the actual term administrators used) with the explicit goal of getting students to adopt specific points of view with regard to issues such as morality, environmentalism and sexuality.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Resident assistants were required to give students questionnaires on what races and genders they would date with the goal of getting students to be more open to dating other races or genders. One student, who in one of these exceedingly creepy "one on one" sessions answered "none of your damn business" to the question "When did you discover your sexual identity?" was written up by an RA and reported to the administration (pdf). That's only the tip of the iceberg and, shockingly, the Residence Life program at the University of Delaware still seems to believe this was a good program. It is chilling that we are raising a generation of citizens who believe it is their right to mandate the appropriate views that other citizens should have. It's a formula for totalitarianism.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">You really must check out some of these other programs, too, Michael. The Michigan State University "Student Accountability in Community" punishment system is equally terrifying, as it required students who demonstrated aggressiveness (one example given was a girl who slammed a door in a fight with her boyfriend) to sit down for four mandatory sessions with a pseudo-psychologist in order to make them speak "correctly" about what they had supposedly done wrong. No wonder students over the last two decades have come to believe that they have the right to destroy -- and in some cases even burn -- student newspapers that have opinions they dislike. I shudder for the republic if the next generation of leaders brings such fundamentally anti-democratic thinking to America's institutions of power.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Greg Lukianoff is a constitutional lawyer and the president of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (thefire.org). He is a frequent guest on national TV news programs and a blogger at the Huffington Post.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Vanishing Conservative—Is There a Glass Ceiling?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Article</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stanley RothmanStanley RothmanRobert Lichter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Lichter=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The radical personality: Social psychological correlates of new left ideology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Article</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sep 1982&nbsp; &nbsp;Political Behavior</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert LichterRobert LichterStanley RothmanStanley Rothman</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This paper describes and tests a model of radical personality based upon social psychological correlates of New Left ideology. Following methodological criticism of studies that portrayed radicals as psychologically liberated, a model of psychopolitical rebellion is described as an inverted form of authoritarian personality. This model was ..</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Vanishing Conservative—Is There a Glass Ceiling?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Article</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stanley RothmanStanley RothmanRobert LichterRobert Lichter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">tobacco:&nbsp; Glantz</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">INDUSTRY ATTACKS SPREAD TO MAGAZINES, BOOKS, TELEVISION</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In late 1994, an employee of the Missouri Department of Agriculture and researcher for the American Smokers Alliance, whom Philip Morris considered to be a “grower ally,”36 sent a Freedom of Information Act request to the NCI for information about Glantz's grant application. (The American Smokers Alliance encouraged members to act as researchers, specifically instructing them to use the Freedom of Information Act.38)&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The employee obtained Glantz's NCI grant information and forwarded it to Walt Klein & Associates, who in turn sent it to RJ Reynolds' external relations office.137 In March 1995, RJ Reynolds enlisted Walt Klein & Associates to foster and augment the appearance of a public clamor to remove Glantz's funding. The public relations firm drafted several op-ed pieces criticizing Glantz's work as “bogus” and “deeply flawed” and demanding that the NCI terminate his funding.138–140&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We were unable to determine whether any of these op-ed pieces were published. On August 28, 1995, an article titled “Policing P[olitical] C[orrectness]: How the government is stacking the deck in the debate over smoking”141 was published in the National Review, a magazine of conservative opinion.142 The article attacked Glantz and his NCI funding, portraying him as a prohibitionist and calling his NCI funding a “gross abuse of bureaucratic authority.”&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A short biosketch of the author, Thomas DiLorenzo, PhD, described him only as “a professor of economics at Loyola College in Maryland.”141 Prior to publishing “Policing PC,” DiLorenzo had worked on a number of tobacco industry projects, including a Philip Morris and RJ Reynolds–funded project at the Independent Institute (a tobacco industry–funded think tank143), and contributed to publications by the Capital Research Center (another think tank, described as a “long-time friend of PM” in a 1998 internal Philip Morris e-mail144).&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The same month that the “Policing PC” article was published, James Bennett of George Mason University billed RJ Reynolds $150 000 for work he and DiLorenzo were doing on a book titled CancerScam: The Diversion of Federal Cancer Funds to Politics.22 This book, published in 1997, attacked government-funded health agencies and health charities, charging that they were deviating from their missions and using donated funds irresponsibly by engaging in excessive political and lobbying activity.145 The book specifically attacked Glantz, claiming he was “getting rich” by using tax funds for lobbying.145&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CancerScam conformed to Philip Morris' action plan by “elevating the issue of public funding (primarily federal) to conduct anti-tobacco … research”100 and accusing government agencies and health charities of diverting funding away from “the common goal of finding a cure for cancer.”100 DiLorenzo also made a Freedom of Information Act request for information about Glantz's NCI grant, and he forwarded the information received from NCI to Philip Morris' law firm Arnold and Porter in 1995. The firm forwarded the information to the director of Philip Morris' Washington relations office.146&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On July 15, 1995, a few weeks before his National Review article was published, DiLorenzo appeared on the Philip Morris–supported 147–149 PBS television program Technopolitics,hosted by James Glassman. (Philip Morris had liaisons assigned to Technopolitics and National Review as part of its “Managing the Message—Conservative Media Cultivation” effort.150) The single topic of the half-hour Technopolitics show was Glantz's NCI grant. On the show, DiLorenzo described Glantz's NCI grant as the “government paying citizens to spy on other citizens” and called it “atrocious.” He concluded, “Every dollar that is spent on these political gadflies is not spent on basic cancer research,”23 yet another statement that reflected Philip Morris' plan to claim that Glantz's NCI research “does nothing to advance the common goal of finding cures for cancer.”100&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">From 1993 to 1995 Philip Morris donated $630 000147–149 to South Carolina Educational Television to support Technopolitics. The 1994 contribution was one of Philip Morris' largest “charitable contributions” that year.151</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...;George Mason University, where he directs the Center for Media and Public Affairs, which conducts scientific studies of the news and entertainment media, and the Statistical Assessment Service (STATS), which works to improve the quality of statistical and scientific information in the news. 1Academia2Scholarly work3Bibliography3.1Journal articles4Criticism and response5External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Academia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lichter has taught political science at Princeton, Georgetown, and George Washington universities, and he was a research faculty member at Yale University andColumbia University. He was also a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow at Smith College and held the DeWitt Wallace Chair in Mass Communications at the American Enterprise Institute. He received his Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University and his B.A., summa cum laude, from the University of Minnesota. He has received a Goldsmith Research Award from Harvard University and the Solimene Award of Excellence from the American Medical Writers Association's New England Chapter.Scholarly work[edit]Lichter has authored or co-authored fourteen books and over a hundred scholarly articles and monographs on the news and entertainment media.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">His best-known work, The Media Elite, (written with Stanley Rothman and Linda Lichter) argued that journalists, on average, held more liberal political views than the general public, and that their backgrounds and outlooks affect their coverage of the news.This claim was extended by conservative pundits as evidence for a liberal bias in the media. It also provoked widespread debate among journalists and their critics. The Media Elite was based on interviews with major media journalists and content analysis of their work.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lichter and his co-authors have also written on the social and political perspectives of popular culture, in books such as Prime Time and Watching America, as well as on news coverage of science and health issues, in Environmental Cancer—A Political Disease and It Ain't Necessarily So. His most recent books (written with Stephen Farnsworth) are The Nightly News Nightmare: Television Coverage of Presidential Elections (2006, 2nd ed.); and The Mediated Presidency: Television News and Presidential Governance (2005).&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">These works use content analysis to examine the media's coverage of government and election campaigns.In 1986 Lichter and his late ex-wife, sociologist Linda Lichter, established the Center for Media and Public Affairs (CMPA), a non-profit organization that sought to influence public debate on the media by publishing frequent studies of media coverage using the social scientific tool of content analysis. This was the first time this type of academic research was used on a regular and systematic basis to affect the general public's view of the media. Since then other groups have followed suit, including the Annenberg School for Communication and the Pew Foundation's Project for Excellence in Journalism. In 2004 the CMPA became affiliated with the George Mason University.Bibliography[edit]Journal articles[edit]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://books.google.com/books/yup?vid=ISBN9780300076349</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Common terms and phrases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">activities aflatoxin Agent Orange air pollution Alar American animal tests animals argued asbestos breast cancer Bruce Ames cancer agents cancer causation cancer epidemic cancer experts cancer policycancer rates cancer researchers cancer risks carcinogens cause cancer causes of cancer cinogens concern Congress conservation controversy critics dangers debate deep ecology Delaney clausediet dioxin disease Doll and Peto drugs earth ecofeminism ecological environment environmental activists environmental cancer environmental groups environmental issues environmental leaders environmental movement environmentalists estimates example factors federal food additives growth hazards human ideological increased industry journalists legislation Lichter lung cancermajor media coverage ment mental National Cancer nature nuclear power organizations percent perspective pesticides political population potential problems public policy radiation regulation Rothman sample scientistssmoking social sources species stories substances sunlight survey tion tobacco tobacco smoke United views vironmental Whelan Wildavsky women</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">About the author (1999)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Robert Lichter is president of the Center for Media and Public Affairs in Washington, D.C., and adjunct professor of political science at Georgetown University. He is the author of many books and articles on the role of news and entertainment media in American society. Stanley Rothman is Mary Huggins Gamble [widow of david] Professor of Government Emeritus and director of the Center for the Study of Social and Political Change at Smith College. His numerous books include American Elites, published by Yale University Press.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bibliographic information</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Title<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Environmental Cancer-- a Political Disease?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Authors<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>S. Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edition<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>illustrated</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Publisher<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Yale University Press, 1999</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ISBN<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>0300076347, 9780300076349</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Length<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>235 pages</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Common terms and phrases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">activities aflatoxin Agent Orange air pollution Alar American animal tests animals argued asbestos breast cancer Bruce Ames cancer agents cancer causation cancer epidemic cancer experts cancer policy cancer rates cancer researchers cancer risks carcinogens cause cancer causes of cancer cinogens concern Congress conservation controversy critics dangers debate deep ecology Delaney clause diet dioxin disease Doll and Peto drugs earth ecofeminism ecological environment environmental activists environmental cancer environmental groups environmental issues environmental leaders environmental movement environmentalists estimates example factors federal food additives growth hazards human ideological increased industry journalists legislation Lichter lung cancer major media coverage ment mental National Cancer nature nuclear power organizations percent perspective pesticides political population potential problems public policy radiation regulation Rothman sample scientists smoking social sources species stories substances sunlight survey tion tobacco tobacco smoke United views vironmental Whelan Wildavsky women</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">About the author (1999)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Robert Lichter is president of the Center for Media and Public Affairs in Washington, D.C., and adjunct professor of political science at Georgetown University. He is the author of many books and articles on the role of news and entertainment media in American society. Stanley Rothman is Mary Huggins Gamble Professor of Government Emeritus and director of the Center for the Study of Social and Political Change at Smith College. His numerous books include American Elites, published by Yale University Press.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bibliographic information</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">QR code for Environmental Cancer-- a Political Disease?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Title Environmental Cancer-- a Political Disease?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Authors S. Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edition illustrated</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Publisher Yale University Press, 1999</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ISBN 0300076347, 9780300076349</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Length 235 pages</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">APRIL 23, 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Anti-Obama, Pro-Romney Media? Don’t Believe the Hype</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PETER HART</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">…study by the media scholars Stephen J. Farnsworth and S. Robert Lichter, the Times‘ coverage of the president’s first year in office was significantly more favorable than its first-year coverage…</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Filed under: Barack Obama, Elections, Howard Kurtz, New York Times</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MAY 17, 2005</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CPB Turns to NPR as Latest ‘Bias’ Target</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FAIR</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">…also reported that CPB chair Kenneth Tomlinson had contacted conservative media analyst Robert Lichter of the Center for Media & Public Affairs (CMPA) about the possibility of conducting research for…</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Filed under: Corporate Ownership, PBS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JULY 1, 1998</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lichters’ funding and history belie this stance of objectivity. From 1986 to 1988, Robert& ...https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/03/30/leaning-left" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/03/30/leaning-left&ved=2ahUKEwj0yvO7zb7rAhUCWK0KHf1YDGcQFjABegQIAhAB" style="text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); cursor: pointer;"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leaning to the Left - Inside Higher Edwww.insidehighered.com › news › 2005/03/30 › leanin...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mar 30, 2005 - A new study says that the vast majority of faculty members are liberal, but does that prove they're biased? ... of Smith College, S. Robert Lichter of George Mason University and Neil Nevitte of the University of Toronto. In the ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Robert Lichter - SourceWatchwww.sourcewatch.org › index.php › S.Robert_Lichter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nov 29, 2010 - S. Robert Lichter is president of the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs and Professor of Communication at George Mason University. ... Post article quoted Lichter saying: "If ever there was a poster boy for bias, ... 1993 lecture by Robert Lichter - 'Is There a Liberal Bias in the Media?' at ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Colleges' liberal bias bleeds into classrooms - News - Ocala.com ...www.ocala.com › news › colleges-liberal-bias-bleeds-in...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Political science professors Robert Lichter of George Mason University, Neil Nevitte of the University of Toronto and Stanley Rothman of Smith College also ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Liberal bias in colleges bleeds into classroom :: Campus Watchwww.meforum.org › campus-watch › liberal-bias-in-co...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mar 31, 2005 - Political Science professors Robert Lichter of George Mason University, Neil Nevitte of the University of Toronto and Stanley Rothman of Smith ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Liberal bias in the ivory tower - Boston.comarchive.boston.com › ... › Opinion › Op-ed</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Apr 11, 2005 - ... latest report, by political scientist Stanley Rothman of Smith College, communications professor S. Robert Lichter of George Mason University ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Disappearing Conservative Professor | National Affairswww.nationalaffairs.com › publications › detail › the-di...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Conservatives point to instances of political bias and the need for "real" ... Overall, Abrams estimated that the ratio of liberal to conservative professors has ... Stanley Rothman and Robert Lichter found in 2009's The Politically Correct University ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Study finds liberals dominate faculties - Washington Timeswww.washingtontimes.com › news › mar</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mar 29, 2005 - ... in chemistry are liberals,” said S. Robert Lichter, a communications professor at ... The findings were compiled by Mr. Lichter, in collaboration with Stanley ... Mr. Nevitte is a political science professor at the University of Toronto. ... bias [against conservatives] in the hiring and promotion of faculty members.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Politics and Professional Advancement Among College Facultywww.researchgate.net › publication › 40823273_Politics_...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Lichter at George Mason University ... Neil Nevitte at University of Toronto ... by conservative groups or institutions to intimidate liberal faculty (Lazere, 2004 ... of political bias in their research (Rothman & Lichter, 2009; Rothman, Lichter, ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The diversity hoax: On campus, conservatives need not apply ...www.baltimoresun.com › opinion › bs-xpm-2011-06-2...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jun 23, 2011 - There is no greater rallying cry at American universities than that of supporting "diversity. ... This unfriendly climate means that liberal ideas dominate campus life, ... S. Robert Lichter and Neil Nevitte found that 72 percent of professors ... and rhetorical substructure maintaining political bias in the academy, ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div>
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