AIM am ind mov

=
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</div><div><a href="https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/6950F840-FB80-FCB0-D505-8AB1FA685F08#-1170">https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/6950F840-FB80-FCB0-D505-8AB1FA685F08#-1170</a></div><div>
=</div><div><a href="https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/6950F840-FB80-FCB0-D505-8AB1FA685F08#-4362">https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/6950F840-FB80-FCB0-D505-8AB1FA685F08#-4362</a></div><div></div><div>estes bk PLO AIM</div><div>=

huge file, ward churchill AIM:

http://whale.to/b/cointelpro_7.html

===
3rd w trav, chomsky et al:

<a href="http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/FBI/COINTELPRO_Untold_Story.html">http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/FBI/COINTELPRO_Untold_Story.html</a>

Despite tens of thousands of pages

of documentary evidence, the idea that the Bureau would utilize private

right-wing operatives and terrorists is a chilling, alien concept to

most Americans. Nevertheless, the FBI has financed, organized, and

supplied arms to right-wing groups that carried out fire-bombings,

burglaries, and shootings. 34

This was the case during the FBI's

COINTELPRO in South Dakota in the 1970's against the Oglala Sioux Nation

and the American Indian Movement. Right-wing vigilantes were used to

disrupt the American Indian Movement (AIM) and selectively terrorize and

murder the Oglala Sioux people 35, in what could only be described as a

counter-insurgency campaign. During the 36 months roughly beginning

with the 1973 seige of Wounded Knee and continuing through the first of

May 1976, more than sixty AIM members and supporters died violently on

or in locations immediately adjacent to the Pine Ridge Reservation. A

minimum of 342 others suffered violent physical assaults. As Roberto

Maestas and Bruce Johansen have observed:

Using only these

documented political deaths, the yearly murder rate on Pine Ridge

Reservation between March 1, 1973, and March 1, 1976, was 170 per

100,000. By comparison, Detroit, the reputed "murder capital of the

United States," had a rate of 20.2 in 1974. ... The political murder

rate at Pine Ridge between March 1, 1973, and March 1, 1976, was almost

equivalent to that in Chile during the three years after the military

coup supported by the United States deposed and killed President

Salvador Allende. 36

To commemorate the 1890 massacre of Wounded

Knee, in which 300 Minnecojou Lakota were slaughtered by the U.S.

Seventh Cavalry, hundreds of Native Americans from reservations across

the West gathered in Wounded Knee, on the Pine Ridge Reservation in

South Dakota, during the winter of 1972-73. 37

This situation was

already tense due to a series of unsolved murders on the reservation,

and a struggle between the administration of the Oglala Sioux tribal

president, Dick Wilson, and opposition organizations on the reservation,

including AIM. Wilson had been bestowed with a $62,000 Bureau of Indian

Affairs (BIA) grant for purposes of establishing a "tribal ranger

group" - an entity which designated itself as "Guardians Of the OgIala

Nation" (GOONs). Wilson's "goon squads" patrolled the reservation,

unleashing a reign of terror against Wilson's enemies. When victims

attempted to seek the protection of the BIA police, they quickly

discovered that perhaps a third of its roster - including its head,

Delmar Eastman (Crow), and his second-in-command, Duane Brewer (OgIala) -

were doubling as GOON leaders or members. For their part, BIA officials

- who had set the whole thing up - consistently turned aside requests

for assistance from the traditionals as being "purely internal tribal

matters," beyond the scope of BIA authority.

On Feb 28th, 1973,

residents of Wounded Knee, South Dakota found the roads to the hamlet

blockaded by GOONs, later reinforced by marshals service Special

Operations Group (SOG) teams and FBI personnel. By 10 p.m., Minneapolis

SAC Joseph Trimbach had flown in to assume personal command of the GOONs

and BIA police, while Wayne Colburn, director of the U.S. Marshals

Service, had arrived to assume control over his now reinforced SOG unit.

Colonel Volney Warner of the 82nd Airborne Division and 6th Army

Colonel Jack Potter - operating directly under General Alexander Haig,

military liaison in the Nixon White House - had also been dispatched

from the Pentagon as "advisors" coordinating a flow of military

personnel, weapons and equipment to those besieging Wounded Knee. As Rex

Weyler has noted:

Documents later subpoenaed from the Pentagon

revealed that Colonel Potter directed the employment of 17 APCs [armored

personnel carriers], 130,000 rounds of M-16 ammunition, 41,000 rounds

of M-40 high explosive, as well as helicopters, Phantom jets, and

personnel. Military officers, supply sergeants, maintenance technicians,

chemical officers, and medical teams remained on duty throughout the 71

day siege, all working in civilian clothes [to conceal their

unconstitutional involvement in this "civil disorder"]. 38

On

March 5, Dick Wilson - with federal officials present - held a press

conference to declare "open season" on AIM members on Pine Ridge,

declaring "AIM will die at Wounded Knee." For their part, those inside

the hamlet announced their intention to remain where they were until

such time as Wilson was removed from office, the GOONs disbanded, and

the massive federal presence withdrawn.

Beginning on March 13,

federal forces directed fire from heavy .50 caliber machineguns into the

AIM positions. The following month was characterized by alternating

periods of negotiation, favored by the army and the marshals - which the

FBI and GOONs did their best to subvert - and raging gun battles when

the latter held sway. Several defenders were severely wounded in a

firefight on March 17, and on March 23 some 20,000 more rounds were

fired into Wounded Knee in a 24-hour period.

The FBI's "turf

battle" with the "soft" elements of the federal government rapidly came

to a head. On April 23, Chief U.S. Marshal Colburn and federal

negotiator Kent Frizzell were detained at a GOON roadblock and a gun

pointed at Frizzell's head. By his own account, Frizzell was saved only

after Colburn leveled a weapon at the GOON and said, "Go ahead and shoot

Frizzell, but when you do, you're dead." The pair were then released.

Later the same day, a furious Colburn returned with several of his men,

disarmed and arrested eleven GOONs, and dismantled the roadblock.

However, "that same night... some of Wilson's people put it up again.

The FBI, still supporting the vigilantes, had [obtained the release of

those arrested and] supplied them with automatic weapons." The GOONs

were being armed by the FBI with fully automatic M-16 assault rifles,

apparently limitless quantifies of ammunition, and state-of-the-art

radio communications gear. When Colburn again attempted to dismantle the

roadblock:

FBI [operations consultant] Richard [G.] Held arrived

by helicopter to inform the marshals that word had come from a high

Washington source to let the roadblock stand ... As a result the

marshals were forced to allow several of Wilson's people to be stationed

at the roadblock and to participate in ... patrols around the village.

39

On the evening of April 26, the marshals reported that they

were taking automatic weapons fire from behind their position,

undoubtedly from GOON patrols. The same "party or parties unknown" was

also pumping bullets into the AIM/ION positions in front of the

marshals, a matter which caused return fire from AIM. The marshals were

thus caught in a crossfire. At dawn on the 27th, the marshals, unnerved

at being fired on all night from both sides, fired tear gas cannisters

from M-79 grenade launchers into the AIM/ION bunkers. They followed up

with some 20,000 rounds of small arms ammunition. AIM member Buddy

Lamont (Oglala), driven from a bunker by the gas, was hit by automatic

weapons fire and bled to death before medics, pinned down by the

barrage, could reach him.

When the siege finally ended through a

negotiated settlement on May 7, 1973, the AIM casualty count stood at

two dead and fourteen seriously wounded. An additional eight-to-twelve

individuals had been "disappeared" by the GOONs. They were in all

likelihood murdered and - like an untold number of black civil rights

workers in the swamps of Mississippi and Louisiana - their bodies

secretly buried somewhere in the remote vastness of the reservation.

Of

the 60-plus murders occurring in an area in which the FBI held

"preeminent jurisdiction," not one was solved by the Bureau. In most

instances, no active investigation was ever opened, despite

eye-witnesses identifying members of the Wilson GOON squad as killers.

U.S.

Court of Appeals Judge Gerald Heaney, after reviewing numerous court

transcripts and FBI documents, concluded that the United States

Government overreacted at Wounded Knee. Instead of carefully considering

the legitimate grievances of Native Americans, the response was

essentially a military one.

While Judge Heaney believed that the

"Native Americans" had some culpability in the firefight that day, he

concluded the United States must share the responsibility. It never has.

The FBI has never been held accountable or even publicly investigated

for what one Federal petit jury and Judge Heaney concluded was

complicity in the creation of a climate of fear and terror on the Pine

Ridge Reservation.

Other AIM casualties include Richard Oaks,

leader of the 1970 occupation of Alcatraz Island by "Indians of All

Tribes," who was gunned down in California the following year. Larray

Cacuse, a Navajo AIM leader, was shot to death in Arizona in 1972. In

1979, AIM leader John Trudell, preparing to make a speech in Washington,

was told by FBI personnel that, if he gave the speech, there would be

"consequences." Trudell not only made his speech, calling for the U.S.

to get out of North America and detailing the nature of federal

repression in Indian country, he burned a U.S. flag as well. That night,

his wife, mother-in-law, and three children were "mysteriously" burned

to death at their home on the Duck Valley Reservation in Nevada.

==

<ul style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><ul><center>AMERICA'S SECRET POLICE:</center><center>FBI COINTELPRO in the 1990s</center>(This

report was written by Noelle Hanrahan in association with the Redwood

Summer Justice Project, which pursues Judi Bari's and Darryl Cherney's

civil rights case against the FBI and Oakland Police.)On

April 22, 1970, as 22 million Americans rallied across the country on

the first Earth Day celebration, FBI agents in over 40 cities were

ordered to spy on and infiltrate these events. Senator Edwin Muskie,

himself a victim, remarked from the floor of Congress that this

surveillance was "a dangerous threat to fundamental constitutional

rights." The power of the environmental movement and the challenge it

posed to business-as-usual made it an instant target for FBI

suppression.Twenty years later on

May 24, 1990, a shrapnel-wrapped car bomb went off under noted Earth

First! activist Judi Bari's car seat, nearly killing her and injuring

fellow organizer Darryl Cherney. Even more frightening to Bari, as she

woke up in the hospital intensive care unit under armed guard, was the

realization that a major FBI "counterintelligence" operation against

Earth First! was underway.Within

minutes of their arrival on the scene of the blast, the FBI was falsely

characterizing nonviolent environmental organizers Bari and Cherney as

"terrorists". Within hours, the Oakland Police Department had arrested

and detained them for transporting explosives. It was not enough that

the two leaders had been physically blown up; the FBI immediately began

to orchestrate a disinformation campaign designed to discredit and

imprison these activists and destroy Earth First!What

could make nonviolent environmental organizers the targets of

repression? Back in May 1990, Earth First! in the redwood region was

gearing up for "Mississippi Summer in the California Redwoods," a bold

call that would draw thousands of activists to Mendocino and Humboldt

counties. Earth First!'s fierce, grassroots, pro-labor campaign of mass

nonviolent civil disobedience was determined to stop corporate timber's

liquidation of the old-growth forests. Even in the face of the attempted

assassination of the key organizers and a well-orchestrated FBI

disinformation campaign, thousands came to Redwood Summer, bringing

national attention to the destruction of the redwood forest ecosystem.

It is a testimony to the power of the movement mobilized by Judi Bari

that today, eight years later, protests to save the old growth forests

are more dynamic than ever.<hr />
 <ul><center>"It is absolutely foolish to suggest that the FBI was involved in anything that would obstruct justice."</center><center>-- Richard W. Held, FBI</center><center>"These guys are professional liars, who have raised selective memory loss to an art form."</center></ul><center>-- Judi Bari, Earth First!<hr /></center>FBI Legacy 
From

the moment of its birth in 1908 as the Justice Department's "Bureau of

Investigation," a key part of the FBI's mission has been to suppress

political dissent. In the early years they used deportations and the

career-destroying Palmer raids to target union leaders and communists.

Burglary, blacklisting, infiltration, and disruption became standard

operating procedure. Later, when the Supreme Court ruled that the Smith Act specifically

could not be used to target communists, the FBI took it undercover,

developing its "counterintelligence" program dubbed COINTELPRO. In the

words of then-director J. Edgar Hoover, COINTELPRO was designed to

"expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize" groups

whose views the FBI deemed threatening to the status quo.Richard W. Held: Constitutional Assassin<div align="right">Richard

W. Held was Special Agent-in-Charge of the San Francisco FBI Office

1985-1993 during its extensive COINTELPRO operations against Earth

First! Of all the COINTELPRO operatives, Richard

Wallace Held's past is particularly brutal and haunting.

</div>Held

began his career in 1968 in the Los Angeles office of the FBI. He

quickly became the lead agent in the "racial matters" squad which

focused on what the FBI called "black extremists". Just one year later

he was involved in targeting Los Angeles Black Panther Party leader Geronimo ji jaga (Pratt)

for "neutralization." Framed for a murder he did not commit, Geronimo

spent 25 years in state prison. He was released in 1997 after a judge

overturned his conviction based on prosecutorial misconduct. The key

witness in the case, Julius Butler, was an informant for the FBI, LAPD,

and the L.A. District Attorney's office; that information was kept

secret during Geronimo's trial.An

uncanny ability to lie under oath, commonly referred to as

"testa-lying," is a trademark of rogue law enforcement professionals.

Under oath in a deposition for Geronimo's federal appeal, Held remarked

on his relationship with Julius Butler: "I think that it may have been

relevant, your honor, depending on what the contact was at the time and

what else I knew, because I don't recall really knowing much about the case at all anyway." In fact, Held was coordinating COINTELPRO operations in L.A., and Geronimo was at the top of the "Key Black Extremists" list.Even

more damning, Held was the control agent for informant Julius Butler.

In two-and-a-half years, Held recorded contact and meetings with Butler

33 times. Contrast Held's repeated denials of knowledge and

responsibility with the cold, hard facts, including this from a 1/28/70

memo by Held to the FBI Director: "I request Bureau approval ... to

attack, expose, and ridicule the BPP... operation number one is designed

to challenge the legitimacy of the authority exercised by Elmer Gerard

Pratt."After a few years in Washington, DC as a headquarters intelligence supervisor, Held was back in the field on the Pine Ridge Reservation three

days after the firefight between federal agents and the American Indian

Movement (AIM) during which two FBI agents and an Indian man were

killed. An FBI memo dated 7/26/75 to the Washington Bureau's

Intelligence Division notes, "Supervisor Richard Wallace Held arrived at

Pine Ridge, South Dakota Indian Reservation Command Post on 6/29/75, to

assist in the RESMURS investigation. He was assigned three important

phases of this investigation; namely, the correlation of Bureau-wide informants into the investigation; the establishment of the confidential fund;

and the coordination of all intelligence information as it relates to

the American Indian Movement (AIM) and the RESMURS investigations...

throughout the country ..."Held's work contributed to the framing of noted political prisoner Leonard Peltier,

and to covering up the truth about the agents' deaths and the still

unsolved killings of 70 AIM supporters on the Pine Ridge Reservation

during the extensive FBI's operations.From 1979 until 1985, Held was Special Agent-in-Charge of the San Juan, Puerto Rico office. There he presided over a politically-oriented paramilitary campaign against the Puerto Rican Independence movement, creating

files on 74,000 individuals. In his last operation in Puerto Rico, Held

led 300 FBI agents and U.S. marshals in raids all over the island,

trashing office and homes and arresting scores of activists. One

advocate of Puerto Rican independence said the raids made "even the

desire for independence a crime." Held left Puerto Rico in 1985 to head

the FBI's San Francisco, California field office.Held Turns His Sights on Earth First! 
In

the year before the car bombing of Bari and Cherney, a shocking and

classic political disruption campaign was conducted against Earth First!

in Northern California. In the months just prior to Redwood Summer, the

disruption was intense. Bari, Cherney and other Earth First! organizers

received over 30 death threats from March to May, 1990.

Fake Earth First! press releases were circulated in the community and

to the press, falsely connecting the Earth First!ers with violence and

sabotage. Local law enforcement refused to investigate the death

threats, signaling their tolerance for violence against

environmentalists. "If you turn up dead, Judi," Mendocino County

Sheriff's Sgt. Steve Satterwhite told Bari, "then we'll investigate."The

FBI's very act of blaming Bari and Cherney for the bombing that nearly

killed them, and their repeated feeding of damaging and bald-faced lies

to the press about evidence in the case, are both classic components of a

"counter-intelligence" campaign. The FBI's own files refer to the use

of informants, yet even now the full scope of their actions remains

hidden.Coincidence or COINTELPRO? 
In

depositions in Bari's and Cherney's civil rights lawsuit, FBI agents

repeatedly denied that there was an investigation against Earth First!

in California prior to the bombing. Yet, documents at first withheld and

blacked out, then later released, show that the FBI field reports

written at the time of the bombing stated Bari and Cherney were

"subjects of an investigation in the terrorist field." 
  
The Arizona FBI Sting Operation In

1988, a major FBI sting operation was launched against Earth First! in

Arizona. In a cynical attempt to discredit and criminalize Earth First!,

the FBI spent $3

million and employed over 50 FBI agents, extensive wiretaps, body wires

and overt entrapment in order to arrest Arizona Earth First!ers for

conspiracy to down power lines.</ul></ul>At the heart of Operation THERMCON (short for "Thermite Conspiracy") were undercover FBI agent/provocateur

Michael Fain and informant Ron Frazier, who infiltrated a group of

environmental activists in Prescott. Though unsuccessful, the FBI worked

long and hard to entrap these individuals into using explosives to down

power lines. Apparently the FBI sought to involve Earth First! with

explosives in order to create a sensational case against them. This

would serve to discredit Earth First! and provide justification to

conduct illegal investigations and operations against the political and

First Amendment activity of the environmental movement nationwide.

Busted on May 30, 1989, in the Arizona desert, four people were caught

with a cutting torch attempting to disable a power transmission tower

leading to a pumping station of the central

Arizona project (CAP). CAP is a billion dollar pork barrel project to

carry Colorado River water uphill across hundreds of miles of desert to

water the lawns of Phoenix and Tucson.Judi

Bari laughingly called this, "the only joint FBI-Earth First! action

ever to take place." Undercover FBI agents picked the target, drove the

truck, and taught the activists to use an acetylene torch. The FBI paid

informant Ron Frazier $54,000 cash in exchange for implicating the Earth

First!ers, and granted him immunity from prosecution for various

crimes.  <hr />"The first lesson in activism is that the person that offers to get the dynamite is always the FBI agent," joked Judi Bari. 

==
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