Universal Pictures
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<b>Universal Studios Inc.</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(also known as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>Universal Pictures</b>, or simply<b>Universal</b>) is an American<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_studio" title="Film studio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">film studio</a>, owned by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Comcast</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>through its wholly owned subsidiary<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">NBCUniversal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pea_1-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#cite_note-pea-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and is one of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood" title="Hollywood" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Hollywood</a>'s<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_film_studio" title="Major film studio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">"Big Six" film studios</a>. Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_City,California" title="Universal City, California" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Universal City, California</a>. Distribution and other corporate offices are in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New York City</a>. Universal Studios is a member of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" title="Motion Picture Association of America" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Motion Picture Association of America</a>. Universal was founded in 1912 by the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans" title="Germans" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">German</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Laemmle" title="Carl Laemmle" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Carl Laemmle</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Dintenfass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Dintenfass (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Mark Dintenfass</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_O_Baumann" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles O Baumann" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Charles O. Baumann</a>, Adam Kessel,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Powers(businessman)" title="Pat Powers (businessman)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pat Powers</a>, William Swanson,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Horsley" title="David Horsley" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">David Horsley</a>, Robert H. Cochrane, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Brulatour" title="Jules Brulatour" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Jules Brulatour</a>. Universal is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">French</a>studios<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" title="Gaumont Film Company" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Gaumont</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pathé</a>, and the Danish<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordisk_Film" title="Nordisk Film" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nordisk Film</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>company.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" style=" border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; font-size: 13.3px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">
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<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctoggle" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 12.502px;"> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#" id="togglelink" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#History" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a>
<ul style=" list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Early_years" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.1</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Early years</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Oswald_the_Lucky_Rabbit" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.2</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Oswald the Lucky Rabbit</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Keeping_leadership_of_the_studio_in_the_family" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.3</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Keeping leadership of the studio in the family</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#The_Laemmles_lose_control" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.4</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">The Laemmles lose control</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Universal-International_and_Decca_Records_takes_control" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.5</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Universal-International and Decca Records takes control</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#MCA_takes_over" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.6</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">MCA takes over</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Matsushita.2C_Seagram.2C_Vivendi_and_NBCUniversal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.7</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Matsushita, Seagram, Vivendi and NBCUniversal</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Highest-grossing_films" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Highest-grossing films</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Universal_Productions_France" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Universal Productions France</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Production_deals" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Production deals</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Units" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Units</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Divisions" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.1</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Divisions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Joint_ventures" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.2</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Joint ventures</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Film_series" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Film series</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#See_also" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#Notes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#References" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">9</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios#External_links" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></a></li>
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<b>Penguin Random House</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(PRH) is a company formed by the merger of book publishers<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Random House</a>, (owned by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann" title="Bertelsmann" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bertelsmann</a>), and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Penguin Group</a>(owned by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_PLC" title="Pearson PLC" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pearson PLC</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_1-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#cite_note-NPR-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP_2-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#cite_note-AP-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Penguin Random House markets itself as "the world's first truly global trade book" publisher. It was formed on July 1, 2013, upon the completion of an agreement between Bertelsmann and Pearson to merge their respective trade publishing companies,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Random House</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Penguin</a>, with the parent companies owning 53% and 47%, respectively.
Penguin Random House comprises the adult and children’s fiction and nonfiction print and digital trade book publishing businesses of Penguin and Random House in the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and India; Penguin’s trade publishing activity in Asia and South Africa; Dorling Kindersley worldwide; and Random House’s companies in Spain, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, and Chile.
Penguin Random House employs more than 10,000 people globally across five continents. It comprises almost 250 editorially and creatively independent imprints and publishing houses that collectively publish more than 15,000 new titles annually. Its publishing lists include more than 70 Nobel Prize laureates and hundreds of the world’s most widely read authors.<sup id="cite_ref-Press_Release_3-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#cite_note-Press_Release-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup>
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<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13.3px; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>
<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctoggle" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 12.502px;"> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#" id="togglelink" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#History" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#Divisions_and_imprints" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Divisions and imprints</span></a>
<ul style=" list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#DK" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">DK</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#Crown_Publishing_Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.2</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Crown Publishing Group</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#Knopf_Doubleday_Publishing_Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.3</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#Penguin_Publishing_Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.4</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Penguin Publishing Group</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#Penguin_Young_Readers_Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.5</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Penguin Young Readers Group</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#Random_House_Publishing_Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.6</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Random House Publishing Group</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#Random_House_Children.27s_Books" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.7</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Random House Children's Books</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#RH_Digital_Publishing_Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.8</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">RH Digital Publishing Group</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#RH_International" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.9</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">RH International</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#Book_Country" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Book Country</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#Notes_and_references" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Notes and references</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#External_links" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style=" display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </p>
<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Random_House&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: History" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">]</span></span></h2>
<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Penguin Random House was formed on July 1, 2013, upon the completion of an agreement between Bertelsmann and Pearson to merge their respective trade publishing companies,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Random House</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Penguin</a>. The creation of the company has been referred to as the publishing industry's response to the increasing dominance of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Amazon.com</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the book market.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#cite_note-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>PRH relaunched Book Country, Penguin's languishing online unit in July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-frb_5-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#cite_note-frb-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></sup>
In September 2014,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House_Studio" title="Random House Studio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Random House Studio</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>signed a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_look_deal" title="First look deal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">first look</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>production deal with<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Pictures" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Universal Pictures</a>,</b> under which Random House would be producer on the projects developed and filmed based on Penguin Random House books. This buttresses the existing Universal subsidiary Focus Features' deal with Random House Films.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#cite_note-6" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Having spearhead the creative on PRH Children's<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puffin_Rock" title="Puffin Rock" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Puffin Rock</a></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>animation, Richard Haines to head up PHR Children's TV development strategy with the assistance of licensing publishing and TV development executive Emily Campan. Haines would report to PRH Children’s managing director, Francesca Dow.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House#cite_note-7" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></p>