Moynihan, Pat Sen

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</div><div>=</div><div><h1 class="headline" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">'Goodbye Washington.' Trial records paint 'chilling' picture</h1><section class="byline" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 700;"><time datetime="2018-10-26 06:56:10 -0400" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 400;">Climatewire: Friday, October 26, 2018</time></section><section class="excerpt" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In the fall of 1969, White House aide Daniel Moynihan wrote his colleague John Ehrlichman, one of President Nixon's closest advisers, to explain climate change and why it was a problem.</section></div><div>=</div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan</a></div><div>
</div><div>Daniel Patrick "Pat" Moynihan (March 16, 1927 – March 26, 2003) was an American <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician" title="Politician" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">politician</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">sociologist</a>, and diplomat. A member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Democratic Party</a>, he represented <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Senate</a> and served as an adviser to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican</a> U.S. President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Richard Nixon</a>.Born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsa,Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a>, Moynihan moved at a young age to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York City</a>. Following a stint in the navy, he earned a Ph.D. in history from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tufts University</a>. He worked on the staff of New York Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">W. Averell Harriman</a> before joining President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John F. Kennedy</a>'s administration in 1961. He served as an Assistant Secretary of Labor under Kennedy and President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B.Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, devoting much of his time to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Poverty" title="War on Poverty" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">War on Poverty</a>. In 1965, he published the controversial <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Negro_Family:The_Case_For_National_Action" title="The Negro Family: The Case For National Action" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Moynihan Report</a>. Moynihan left the Johnson administration in 1965 and became a professor at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harvard University</a>.In 1969, he accepted Nixon's offer to serve as an Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, and he was elevated to the position of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Counselor to the President</a> later that year. He left the administration at the end of 1970, and accepted appointment as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to India" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Ambassador to India</a> in 1973. He accepted President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gerald Ford</a>'s appointment to the position of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Ambassador to the United Nations</a> in 1975, holding that position until 1976, when he won election to the Senate.Moynihan represented New York in the Senate from 1977 to 2001. He served as Chairman of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Senate Environment Committee</a> from 1992 to 1993 and as Chairman of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Senate Finance Committee</a> from 1993 to 1995. He also led the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moynihan_Commission_on_Government_Secrecy" title="Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Moynihan Secrecy Commission</a>, which studied the regulation of classified information. He emerged as a strong critic of President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ronald Reagan</a>'s foreign policy and opposed President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bill Clinton</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">health care plan</a>. He frequently broke with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">liberal</a> positions, but opposed welfare reform in the 1990s. He also voted against the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Defense of Marriage Act</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">North American Free Trade Agreement</a>, and the Congressional authorization for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gulf War</a>. He is tied with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_K.Javits" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob K. Javits" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jacob K. Javits</a> as the longest-serving Senator from the state of New York.
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</div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Early_life_and_education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1Early life and education</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Political_career_and_return_to_academia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2Political career and return to academia</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Kennedy_and_Johnson_Administrations;controversy_over_the_War_on_Poverty" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.1Kennedy and Johnson Administrations; controversy over the War on Poverty</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Local_New_York_City_politics_and_ongoing_academic_career" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.2Local New York City politics and ongoing academic career</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Nixon_Administration" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.3Nixon Administration</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#US_Ambassador" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.4US Ambassador</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Career_in_the_Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.5Career in the Senate</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Public_speaker" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3Public speaker</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Commission_on_Government_Secrecy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4Commission on Government Secrecy</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Career_as_scholar" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5Career as scholar</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Selected_books" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5.1Selected books</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Awards_and_honors" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">6Awards and honors</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Death_and_posthumous_honors" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7Death and posthumous honors</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Quotes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8Quotes</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">9See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">10References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Further_reading" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">11Further reading</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#Primary_sources" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">11.1Primary sources</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">12External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Early life and education[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Moynihan was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsa,Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a>, the son of Margaret Ann (née Phipps), a homemaker, and John Henry Moynihan, a reporter for a daily newspaper in Tulsa.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-google-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-google2-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> He moved at the age of six with his Irish Catholic family to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York City</a>. Brought up in a poor neighborhood of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hell's Kitchen" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hell's Kitchen</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a> he shined shoes, attended various <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">public</a>, private, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">parochial schools</a>, and ultimately graduated from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_High_School(New_York,New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Franklin High School (New York, New York)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Benjamin Franklin High School</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Harlem" title="East Harlem" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">East Harlem</a>. He was a parishioner of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Sts.Cyril%26_Methodius_and_St.Raphael(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Sts. Cyril & Methodius and St. Raphael (New York City)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">St. Raphael's Church</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen,Manhattan" title="Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hell's Kitchen</a>, and also cast his first vote in that church.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-organ-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a> He and his brother, Michael Willard Moynihan, spent most of their childhood summers at their grandfather's farm in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluffton,Indiana" title="Bluffton, Indiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bluffton, Indiana</a>. Moynihan briefly worked as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longshoreman" class="mw-redirect" title="Longshoreman" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">longshoreman</a> before entering the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">City College of New York</a> (CCNY), which at that time provided free <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education" title="Higher education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">higher education</a> to city residents.Following a year at CCNY, Moynihan joined the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Navy</a> in 1944. He was assigned to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-12_Navy_College_Training_Program" title="V-12 Navy College Training Program" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">V-12 Navy College Training Program</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Middlebury College</a> from 1944 to 1945 and then enrolled as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Reserve_Officers_Training_Corps" title="Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps</a> student at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tufts University</a>, where he received an undergraduate degree in naval science in 1946. He completed active service as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun" title="Gun" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">gunnery officer</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Quirinus(ARL-39)" title="USS Quirinus (ARL-39)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">USS Quirinus</a> at the rank of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant(junior_grade)" title="Lieutenant (junior grade)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">lieutenant (junior grade)</a> in 1947. Moynihan then returned to Tufts, where he completed a second undergraduate degree in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">sociology</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-nixonlibrary-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a> cum laude in 1948 and earned an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.A." class="mw-redirect" title="M.A." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">M.A.</a> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_School_of_Law_and_Diplomacy" title="Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy</a> in 1949.After failing the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Service_Officer" title="Foreign Service Officer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Foreign Service Officer</a> exam, he continued his doctoral studies at the Fletcher School as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fulbright fellow</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">London School of Economics</a> from 1950 to 1953. During this period, Moynihan struggled with writer's block and began to fashion himself as a "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandy" title="Dandy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">dandy</a>," cultivating "a taste for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savile_Row_tailoring" title="Savile Row tailoring" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Savile Row</a> suits, rococo conversational riffs and Churchillian oratory" even as he maintained that "nothing and no one at LSE ever disposed me to be anything but a New York Democrat who had some friends who worked on the docks and drank beer after work."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-google3-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a>He ultimately received his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ph.D.</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History" title="History" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">history</a> (with a dissertation on the relationship between the United States and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">International Labour Organization</a>) from the Fletcher School in 1961 while serving as an assistant professor of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">political science</a> and director of a government research project centered around <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averell_Harriman" class="mw-redirect" title="Averell Harriman" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Averell Harriman</a>'s papers at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Syracuse University</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_School_of_Citizenship_and_Public_Affairs" title="Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-proquest-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-search.marquiswhoswho.com-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Political career and return to academia[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career and return to academia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Moynihan's political career started in the 1950s, when he served as a member of New York Governor Averell Harriman's staff in a variety of positions (including speechwriter and acting secretary to the governor). This period ended following Harriman's loss to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nelson Rockefeller</a> in the 1958 general election. Moynihan returned to academia, serving as a lecturer for brief periods at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Sage_College" title="Russell Sage College" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Russell Sage College</a> (1957–1958) and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University_School_of_Industrial_and_Labor_Relations" title="Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations</a> (1959) before taking a tenure-track position at Syracuse University (1959–1961). During this period, Moynihan was a delegate to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1960 Democratic National Convention</a> as part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John F. Kennedy</a>'s delegate pool.<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Kennedy and Johnson Administrations; controversy over the War on Poverty[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kennedy and Johnson Administrations; controversy over the War on Poverty" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>Moynihan first served in the Kennedy administration as special (1961–1962) and executive (1962–1963) assistant to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Labor Secretaries</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_J.Goldberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur J. Goldberg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arthur J. Goldberg</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.Willard_Wirtz" title="W. Willard Wirtz" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">W. Willard Wirtz</a>. He was then appointed as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Assistant Secretary of Labor</a> for Policy, Planning and Research, serving from 1963 to 1965 under Kennedy and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B.Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>. In this capacity, he did not have operational responsibilities. He devoted his time to trying to formulate national policy for what would become the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Poverty" title="War on Poverty" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">War on Poverty</a>. His small staff included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ralph Nader</a>.They took inspiration from historian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Elkins" title="Stanley Elkins" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Stanley Elkins</a>'s Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life (1959). Elkins essentially contended that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">slavery</a> had made black Americans dependent on the dominant society, and that such dependence still existed a century later after the American Civil War. Moynihan and his staff believed that government must go beyond simply ensuring that members of minority groups have the same rights as the majority and must also "act affirmatively" in order to counter the problem of historic discrimination.Moynihan's research of Labor Department data demonstrated that even as fewer people were unemployed, more people were joining the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare(financial_aid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare (financial aid)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">welfare</a> rolls. These recipients were families with children but only one parent (almost invariably the mother). The laws at that time permitted such families to receive welfare payments in certain parts of the United States.Moynihan issued his research under the title <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Negro_Family:The_Case_For_National_Action" title="The Negro Family: The Case For National Action" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Negro Family: The Case For National Action</a>, now commonly known as The Moynihan Report. Moynihan's report<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-dol-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a> fueled a debate over the proper course for government to take with regard to the economic underclass, especially blacks. Critics on the left attacked it as "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victim_blaming" title="Victim blaming" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">blaming the victim</a>",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a> a slogan coined by psychologist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ryan(psychologist)" title="William Ryan (psychologist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William Ryan</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a> Some suggested that Moynihan was propagating the views of racists<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a> because much of the press coverage of the report focused on the discussion of children being born out of wedlock. Despite Moynihan's warnings, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aid_to_Families_with_Dependent_Children" title="Aid to Families with Dependent Children" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Aid to Families with Dependent Children</a> (AFDC) program included rules for payments only if no "Man [was] in the house."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a> Critics said that the nation was paying poor women to throw their husbands out of the house.After the 1994 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican sweep of Congress</a>, Moynihan agreed that correction was needed for a welfare system that possibly encouraged women to raise their children without fathers: "The Republicans are saying we have a hell of a problem, and we do."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-time1994-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Local New York City politics and ongoing academic career[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Local New York City politics and ongoing academic career" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>By the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1964 presidential election</a>, Moynihan was recognized as a political ally of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F.Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert F. Kennedy</a>. For this reason he was not favored by then-President Johnson, and he left the Johnson Administration in 1965. He ran for office in the Democratic Party primary for the presidency of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York City Council</a>, a position now known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Public_Advocate" title="New York City Public Advocate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York City Public Advocate</a>. However, he was defeated by Queens District Attorney <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_D.O%27Connor" title="Frank D. O'Connor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Frank D. O'Connor</a>.During this transitional period, Moynihan maintained an academic affiliation as a fellow at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyan_University" title="Wesleyan University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wesleyan University</a>'s Center for Advanced Studies from 1964 to 1967. In 1966, he was appointed to the faculties of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harvard University</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Education" title="Harvard Graduate School of Education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Graduate School of Education</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy_School_of_Government" title="John F. Kennedy School of Government" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Graduate School of Public Administration</a> as a full professor of education and urban politics. After commencing a second extended leave because of his public service in 1973, his faculty line was transferred to the University's Department of Government, where he remained until 1977. From 1966 to 1969, he also held a secondary administrative appointment as director of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93MIT_Joint_Center_for_Urban_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard–MIT Joint Center for Urban Studies" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harvard–MIT Joint Center for Urban Studies</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-search.marquiswhoswho.com-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a> With turmoil and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Riots" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">riots</a> in the United States, Moynihan, "a national board member of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ADA</a> incensed at the radicalism of the current <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_U.S.involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">anti-war</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Power" title="Black Power" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Black Power</a> movements", decided to "call for a formal alliance between liberals and conservatives,"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a> and wrote that the next administration would have to be able to unite the nation again.<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Nixon Administration[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nixon Administration" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>Connecting with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">President-elect</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Richard Nixon</a> in 1968, Moynihan joined the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Office of the President" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Executive Office of the President</a> in January 1969 as Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and executive secretary of the Council of Urban Affairs (later the Urban Affairs Council), a forerunner of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_Policy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic Policy Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Domestic Policy Council</a> envisaged as an analog to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States National Security Council</a>. As one of the few people in Nixon's inner circle who had done academic research related to social policies, he was very influential in the early months of the administration. However, his disdain for "traditional budget-conscious positions" (including his proposed Family Assistance Plan, a "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_income_tax" title="Negative income tax" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">negative income tax</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaranteed_minimum_income" title="Guaranteed minimum income" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">guaranteed minimum income</a>" for families that met work requirements or demonstrated that they were seeking work which ultimately stalled in the Senate despite prefiguring the later <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplemental_Security_Income" title="Supplemental Security Income" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Supplemental Security Income</a> program) led to frequent clashes (belying their unwavering mutual respect) with Nixon's principal domestic policy advisor, conservative economist and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Cabinet-rank</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Counselor to the President</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_F.Burns" title="Arthur F. Burns" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arthur F. Burns</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-bloomberg-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a>While formulating Nixon's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaranteed_minimum_income" title="Guaranteed minimum income" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Guaranteed Annual Income</a> (GAI) proposal, Moynihan conducted significant discussions concerning a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Income_Guarantee" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Income Guarantee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Basic Income Guarantee</a> with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_B.Long" title="Russell B. Long" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Russell B. Long</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_O.Kelso" title="Louis O. Kelso" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Louis O. Kelso</a>.Although Moynihan was promoted to Counselor to the President for Urban Affairs with Cabinet rank shortly after Burns was nominated by Nixon to serve as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair_of_the_Federal_Reserve" title="Chair of the Federal Reserve" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Chair of the Federal Reserve</a> in October 1969, it was concurrently announced that Moynihan would be returning to Harvard (a stipulation of his leave from the University) at the end of 1970. Accordingly, operational oversight of the Urban Affairs Council was given to Moynihan's nominal successor as Domestic Policy Assistant, former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">White House Counsel</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ehrlichman" title="John Ehrlichman" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John Ehrlichman</a>. This decision was instigated by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">White House Chief of Staff</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman" class="mw-redirect" title="H.R. Haldeman" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">H.R. Haldeman</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-google4-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a> a close friend of Ehrlichman since college and his main patron in the administration. Haldeman's maneuvering situated Moynihan in a more peripheral context as the administration's "resident thinker" on domestic affairs for the duration of his service.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-google5-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a>In 1969, on Nixon's initiative, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">NATO</a> tried to establish a third civil column, establishing a hub of research and initiatives in the civil area, dealing as well with environmental topics.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-H%C3%BCne-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a> Moynihan<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-H%C3%BCne-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a> named <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">acid rain</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect" title="Greenhouse effect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Greenhouse effect</a> as suitable international challenges to be dealt by NATO. NATO was chosen, since the organization had suitable expertise in the field, as well as experience with international research coordination. The German government was skeptical and saw the initiative as an attempt by the US to regain international terrain after the lost <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Vietnam War</a>. The topics gained momentum in civil conferences and institutions.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-H%C3%BCne-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a>In 1970, Moynihan wrote a memo to President Nixon saying, "The time may have come when the issue of race could benefit from a period of 'benign neglect'. The subject has been too much talked about. The forum has been too much taken over to hysterics, paranoids, and boodlers on all sides. We need a period in which <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro" title="Negro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Negro</a> progress continues and racial rhetoric fades."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a> Moynihan regretted that critics misinterpreted his memo as advocating that the government should neglect minorities.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">US Ambassador[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: US Ambassador" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>Following the October 1969 reorganization of the White House domestic policy staff, Moynihan was offered the position of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Ambassador to the United Nations</a> (then held by career Foreign Service Officer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Woodruff_Yost" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Woodruff Yost" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Charles Woodruff Yost</a>) by Nixon on November 17, 1969; after initially accepting the president's offer, he decided to remain in Washington when the Family Assistance Plan stalled in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Finance_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Finance Committee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Senate Finance Committee</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-books.google.com-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a>On November 24, 1970, he refused a second offer from Nixon due to potential familial strain and ongoing financial problems; depression stemming from the repudiation of the Family Assistance Plan by liberal Democrats; and the inability to effect change due to static policy directives in what amounted to a tertiary role behind <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_to_the_President_for_National_Security_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Henry Kissinger</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Secretary of State</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_P.Rogers" title="William P. Rogers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William P. Rogers</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-books.google.com-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a> Instead, he commuted from Harvard as a part-time member of the United States delegation during the ambassadorship of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George H.W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George H.W. Bush</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-books.google.com-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a>In 1973, Moynihan (who was circumspect toward the administration's "tilt" to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Pakistan</a>) accepted Nixon's offer to serve as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to India" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Ambassador to India</a>, where he would remain until 1975. The relationship between the two countries was at a low point following the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>. Ambassador Moynihan was alarmed that two great democracies were cast as antagonists, and set out to fix things. He proposed that part of the burdensome debt be written off, part used to pay for US embassy expenses in India, and the remaining converted into Indian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">rupees</a> to fund an Indo-US cultural and educational exchange program that lasted for a quarter century. On February 18, 1974, he presented to the Government of India a check for 16,640,000,000 rupees, then equivalent to $2,046,700,000, which was the greatest amount paid by a single check in the history of banking.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a> The "Rupee Deal" is logged in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_World_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of World Records" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Guinness Book of World Records</a> for the world's largest check, written by Ambassador Moynihan to Prime Minister <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Indira Gandhi</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a>In June 1975, Moynihan accepted his third offer to serve as United States Ambassador to the United Nations, a position (including a rotation as President of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United Nations Security Council</a>) that he would only hold until February 1976. Under President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gerald Ford</a>, Ambassador Moynihan took a hardline <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">anti-communist</a> stance, in line with the agenda of the White House at the time. He was also a strong supporter of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel" title="Israel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Israel</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a>condemning <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Resolution_3379" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Resolution 3379" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">UN Resolution 3379</a>, which declared <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Zionism</a> to be a form of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism" title="Racism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">racism</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-'70s_320-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a> In response, Permanent PLO Observer to the UN Zehdi Terzi threatened his life.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a> But the American public responded enthusiastically to his moral outrage over the resolution; his condemnation of the "Zionism is Racism" resolution brought him celebrity status and helped him win a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">US Senate</a> seat a year later.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a> In his book, Moynihan's Moment, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Troy" title="Gil Troy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gil Troy</a> posits that Moynihan's 1975 UN speech opposing the resolution was the key moment of his political career.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a>Perhaps the most controversial action of Moynihan's career was his response, as Ambassador to the UN, to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Indonesian invasion of East Timor</a> in 1975. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gerald Ford</a> considered Indonesia, then under a military dictatorship, a key ally against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism" title="Communism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Communism</a>, which was influential in East Timor. Moynihan ensured that the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">UN Security Council</a> took no action against the larger nation's annexation of a small country. The Indonesian invasion caused the deaths of 100,000–200,000 Timorese through violence, illness, and hunger.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-CAVR-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[31]</a> In his memoir, Moynihan wrote:<blockquote class="templatequote" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 40px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The United States wished things to turn out as they did, and worked to bring this about. The Department of State desired that the United Nations prove utterly ineffective in whatever measures it undertook. This task was given to me, and I carried it forward with no inconsiderable success.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a></blockquote>Later, he said he had defended a "shameless" <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Cold War</a> policy toward East Timor.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a>Moynihan's thinking began to change during his tenure at the UN. In his 1993 book on nationalism, Pandaemonium, he wrote that as time progressed, he began to view the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Soviet Union</a> in less ideological terms. He regarded it less as an expansionist, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperialist" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">imperialist</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Marxist</a> state, and more as a weak <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political realism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">realist</a> state in decline. He believed it was most motivated by self-preservation. This view would influence his thinking in subsequent years, when he became an outspoken proponent of the then-unpopular view that the Soviet Union was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state" title="Failed state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">failed state</a> headed for implosion.Nevertheless, Moynihan's tenure at the UN marked the beginnings of a more bellicose, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoconservative" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">neoconservative</a> American foreign policy that turned away from Kissinger's unabashedly covert, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">détente</a>-driven <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">realpolitik</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a>Although it was never substantiated, Moynihan initially believed that Kissinger directed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Richard,Baron_Richard" title="Ivor Richard, Baron Richard" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ivor Richard, Baron Richard</a> (then <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ambassador to the United Nations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">British Ambassador to the United Nations</a>) to publicly denounce his actions as "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyatt_Earp" title="Wyatt Earp" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wyatt Earp</a>" diplomacy. Demoralized, Moynihan resigned from what he would subsequently characterize as an "abbreviated posting" in February 1976. In Pandaemonium, Moynihan expounded upon this decision, maintaining that he was "something of an embarrassment to my own government, and fairly soon left before I was fired."<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Career in the Senate[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Career in the Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>In November 1976, Moynihan was elected to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">U.S. Senate</a> from the State of New York, defeating U.S. Representative <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bella Abzug</a>, former U.S. Attorney General <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ramsey Clark</a>, New York City Council President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_O%27Dwyer" title="Paul O'Dwyer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Paul O'Dwyer</a> and businessman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Hirschfeld" title="Abraham Hirschfeld" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Abraham Hirschfeld</a> in the Democratic primary, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Conservative Party</a> incumbent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_L.Buckley" title="James L. Buckley" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">James L. Buckley</a> in the general election. Shortly after election, Moynihan analyzed the State of New York's budget to determine whether it was paying out more in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_spending_and_taxation_across_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal spending and taxation across states" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">federal taxes than it received in spending</a>. Finding that it was, he produced a yearly report known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisc" title="Fisc" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fisc</a> (from the French<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[35]</a>). Moynihan's strong support for Israel while UN Ambassador inspired support for him among the state's large <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jewish</a> population.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-36" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[36]</a>In an August 7, 1978 speech to the Senate, following the jailing of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.A.Farber" title="M. A. Farber" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">M. A. Farber</a>, Moynihan stated the possibility of Congress having to become involved with securing press freedom and that the Senate should be aware of the issue's seriousness.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[37]</a>Moynihan's strong advocacy for New York's interests in the Senate, buttressed by the Fisc reports and recalling his strong advocacy for US positions in the UN, did at least on one occasion allow his advocacy to escalate into a physical attack. Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kit Bond</a>, nearing retirement in 2010, recalled with some embarrassment in a conversation on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civility" title="Civility" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">civility</a> in political discourse that Moynihan had once "slugged [Bond] on the Senate floor after Bond denounced an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earmark(politics)" title="Earmark (politics)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">earmark</a> Moynihan had slipped into a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway" title="Highway" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">highway</a> appropriations bill. Some months later Moynihan apologized, and the two occasionally would relax in Moynihan's office after a long day to discuss their shared interest in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">urban renewal</a> over a glass of port."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[38]</a>Moynihan continued to be interested in foreign policy as a Senator, sitting on the Select Committee on Intelligence. His strongly anti-Soviet views became far more moderate, as he emerged as a critic of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ronald Reagan</a> Administration's hawkish <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Cold War</a> policies, such as support for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contras" title="Contras" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Contras</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nicaragua</a>. Moynihan argued there was no active Soviet-backed conspiracy in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Latin America</a>, or anywhere. He suggested the Soviets were suffering from massive internal problems, such as rising <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ethnic</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">nationalism</a> and a collapsing economy. In a December 21, 1986, editorial in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The New York Times</a>, Moynihan predicted the replacement on the world stage of Communist expansion with ethnic conflicts. He criticized the Reagan Administration's "consuming obsession with the expansion of Communism – which is not in fact going on." In a September 8, 1990, letter to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Griswold" title="Erwin Griswold" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Erwin Griswold</a>, Moynihan wrote: "I have one purpose left in life; or at least in the Senate. It is to try to sort out what would be involved in reconstituting the American government in the aftermath of the cold war. Huge changes took place, some of which we hardly notice."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[39]</a> In 1981 he and fellow Irish-American politicians Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ted Kennedy</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Speaker of the House</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tip O'Neill</a> co-founded the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends_of_Ireland(U.S.Congress)" title="Friends of Ireland (U.S. Congress)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Friends of Ireland</a>, a bi-partisan organization of Senators and Representatives who opposed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ongoing sectarian violence</a> and aimed to promote peace and reconciliation in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Northern Ireland</a>.Moynihan introduced Section 1706 of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Reform_Act_of_1986" title="Tax Reform Act of 1986" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tax Reform Act of 1986</a>, which cost certain professionals (like computer programmers, engineers, draftspersons, and designers) who depended on intermediary agencies (consulting firms) a self-employed tax status option, but other professionals (like accountants and lawyers) continued to enjoy Section 530 exemptions from payroll taxes. This change in the tax code was expected to offset the tax revenue losses of other legislation that Moynihan proposed to change the law of foreign taxes of Americans working abroad.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stack" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Joseph Stack</a>, who flew his airplane into a building housing IRS offices on February 18, 2010, posted a suicide note that, among many factors, mentioned the Section 1706 change to the Internal Revenue Code.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[41]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-42" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[42]</a>As a key Environment and Public Works Committee member, Moynihan gave vital support and guidance to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_K.Reilly" title="William K. Reilly" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William K. Reilly</a>, who served under President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George H.W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George H.W. Bush</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-43" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[43]</a><table class="infobox" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-spacing: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right; line-height: 1.5em; width: 22em;"><caption style="font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em;">External video</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?79710-1/senator-moynihan-tribute" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Tribute to Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Wilson International Center for Scholars, March 17, 1997 (part one)</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?79711-1/senator-moynihan-tribute" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Tribute to Moynihan at the Wilson Center, March 17, 1997 (part two)</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?297164-1/daniel-patrick-moynihan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Panel discussion on Moynihan's life and career, held at the Museum of the City of New York, October 18, 2010</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table>In the mid-1990s, Moynihan was one of the Democrats to support the ban on the procedure known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial-birth_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial-birth abortion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">partial-birth abortion</a>. He said of the procedure: "I think this is just too close to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanticide" title="Infanticide" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">infanticide</a>. A child has been born and it has exited the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">uterus</a>. What on Earth is this procedure?" Earlier in his career in the Senate, Moynihan had expressed his annoyance with the adamantly pro-choice interest groups petitioning him and others on the issue. He challenged them saying, "you women are ruining the Democratic Party with your insistence on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">abortion</a>."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-44" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[44]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a>Moynihan broke with orthodox liberal positions of his party on numerous occasions. As chairman of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Finance_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Finance Committee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Senate Finance Committee</a> in the 1990s, he strongly opposed President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bill Clinton</a>'s proposal to expand health care coverage to all Americans. Seeking to focus the debate over health insurance on the financing of health care, Moynihan garnered controversy by stating that "there is no health care crisis in this country."On other issues though, he was much more progressive. He voted against the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">death penalty</a>; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_desecration_amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag desecration amendment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">flag desecration amendment</a>;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-46" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[46]</a> the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_budget_amendment" title="Balanced budget amendment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">balanced budget amendment</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Securities_Litigation_Reform_Act" title="Private Securities Litigation Reform Act" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Private Securities Litigation Reform Act</a>; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Defense of Marriage Act</a>; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act" title="Communications Decency Act" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Communications Decency Act</a>; and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">North American Free Trade Agreement</a>. He was critical of proposals to replace the progressive income tax with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_tax" title="Flat tax" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">flat tax</a>. Moynihan also voted against authorization of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gulf War</a>. Despite his earlier writings on the negative effects of the welfare state, he ended by voting against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_reform" title="Welfare reform" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">welfare reform</a> in 1996, a bill that removed unemployment benefits. He was sharply critical of the bill and certain <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Democrats</a> who crossed party lines to support it.<h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Public speaker[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Public speaker" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Moynihan was a popular public speaker with a distinctly <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrician(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">patrician</a> style. He had some peculiar mannerisms of speech, in the form of slight stuttering and drawn-out vowels for emphasis. Linguist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Nunberg" title="Geoffrey Nunberg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Geoffrey Nunberg</a>compared his speaking style to that of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F.Buckley,Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William F. Buckley, Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William F. Buckley, Jr.</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[47]</a><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Commission on Government Secrecy[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Commission on Government Secrecy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moynihan_Commission_on_Government_Secrecy" title="Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy</a></div><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg" class="image" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg/220px-Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg/330px-Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg/440px-Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="1293" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="width" height="height" viewbox="%220" e="E" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h1.509z="h10.99v7.919H1.509z" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data" /></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="width" height="height" viewbox="%220" e="E" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h1.509z="h10.99v7.919H1.509z" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Moynihan in 1998</a></div></div></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Patrick_Moynihan_1998.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="width" height="height" viewbox="%220" e="E" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h1.509z="h10.99v7.919H1.509z" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">In the post-</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Cold War</a> era, the 103rd Congress enacted legislation directing an inquiry into the uses of government secrecy. Moynihan chaired the Commission, which studied and made recommendations on the "culture of secrecy" that pervaded the United States government and its intelligence community for 80 years, beginning with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Espionage Act of 1917</a>, and made recommendations on the statutory regulation of classified information.The Commission's findings and recommendations were presented to the President in 1997. As part of the effort, Moynihan secured release from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> of its classified <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venona" class="mw-redirect" title="Venona" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Venona</a> file. This file documents the FBI's joint <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterintelligence" title="Counterintelligence" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">counterintelligence</a> investigation, with the United States <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_Hall" title="Arlington Hall" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Signals Intelligence Service</a>, into Soviet espionage within the United States. Much of the information had been collected and classified as secret information for over 50 years.After release of the information, Moynihan authored Secrecy: The American Experience<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-amazon-48" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[48]</a> where he discussed the impact government secrecy has had on the domestic politics of America for the past half century, and how myths and suspicion created an unnecessary partisan chasm.<h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Career as scholar[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Career as scholar" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>As a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_intellectual" class="mw-redirect" title="Public intellectual" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">public intellectual</a>, Moynihan published articles on urban ethnic politics and on the problems of the poor in cities of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Northeast</a> in numerous publications, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commentary(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Commentary</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Public_Interest" title="The Public Interest" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Public Interest</a>.Moynihan coined the term "professionalization of reform," by which the government bureaucracy thinks up problems for government to solve rather than simply responding to problems identified elsewhere.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-49" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[49]</a>In 1983, he was awarded the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_H.Humphrey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert H. Humphrey" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hubert H. Humphrey</a> Award given by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association" title="American Political Science Association" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American Political Science Association</a> "in recognition of notable public service by a political scientist."[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">citation needed</a>] He wrote 19 books, leading his personal friend, columnist and former professor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F.Will" class="mw-redirect" title="George F. Will" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George F. Will</a>, to remark that Moynihan "wrote more books than most senators have read." After retiring from the Senate, he rejoined the faculty of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_School_of_Citizenship_and_Public_Affairs" title="Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Syracuse University</a>, where he began his academic career in 1959.Moynihan's scholarly accomplishments led <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Barone(pundit)" title="Michael Barone (pundit)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Michael Barone</a>, writing in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Almanac_of_American_Politics" title="The Almanac of American Politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Almanac of American Politics</a> to describe the senator as "the nation's best thinker among politicians since <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lincoln</a> and its best politician among thinkers since <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jefferson</a>."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-50" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[50]</a> Moynihan's 1993 article, "Defining Deviancy Down",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-51" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[51]</a> was notably controversial.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-sunysuffolk-52" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[52]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-barrypopik-53" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[53]</a><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Selected books[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Selected books" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Beyond the Melting Pot, an influential study of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American(ethnicity)" class="mw-redirect" title="American (ethnicity)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American ethnicity</a>, which he co-authored with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Glazer" title="Nathan Glazer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nathan Glazer</a> (1963)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Negro_Family:The_Case_For_National_Action" title="The Negro Family: The Case For National Action" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Negro Family: The Case For National Action</a>, known as the Moynihan Report (1965)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Maximum Feasible Misunderstanding: Community Action in the War on Poverty (1969) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-922000-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-922000-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-02-922000-9</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Violent Crimes (1970) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8076-6053-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8076-6053-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-8076-6053-1</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Coping: Essays on the Practice of Government (1973) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-48324-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-48324-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-394-48324-3</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The Politics of a Guaranteed Income: The Nixon Administration and the Family Assistance Plan (1973) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-46354-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-46354-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-394-46354-4</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Business and Society in Change (1975) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1440432" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">1440432</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">A Dangerous Place coauthor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Garment" title="Suzanne Garment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Suzanne Garment</a>, (1978) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-58699-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-58699-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-316-58699-4</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Best Editorial Cartoons of the Year, 1980 (1980) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56554-516-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-56554-516-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1-56554-516-8</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Family and Nation: The Godkin Lectures (1986) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-630140-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-630140-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-15-630140-7</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Came the Revolution (1988)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">On the Law of Nations (1990) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-63576-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-63576-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-674-63576-0</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Pandaemonium: Ethnicity in International Politics (1994) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-827946-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-827946-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-19-827946-9</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Miles to Go: A Personal History of Social Policy (1996) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-57441-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-57441-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-674-57441-9</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Secrecy: The American Experience (1998) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-08079-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-08079-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-300-08079-4</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Future of the Family (2003) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87154-628-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87154-628-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-87154-628-0</a></li></ul><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Awards and honors[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards and honors" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The 5th Annual <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinz Award" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Heinz Award</a> in Public Policy (1999)<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-heinzawards-54" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[54]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Honorary</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Doctor of Laws</a> degree from Tufts, his alma mater.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1989 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_Award" title="Honor Award" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Honor Award</a> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Building_Museum" title="National Building Museum" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Building Museum</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-55" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[55]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">In 1989, Moynihan received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service" title="Jefferson Awards for Public Service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jefferson Awards</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-jeffersonawards-56" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[56]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">On August 9, 2000, he was presented with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> by President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="William Clinton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Clinton</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-usinfo-57" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[57]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">In 1994 the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation awarded Moynihan its Lone Sailor Award for his naval service and subsequent government service.</li></ul><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Death and posthumous honors[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death and posthumous honors" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>In 2003, Moynihan died at the age of 76 after complications (infection) suffered from an emergency <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendectomy" title="Appendectomy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">appendectomy</a> about a month earlier. He was survived by his wife of 48 years, Elizabeth Brennan Moynihan, three grown children: Timothy Patrick Moynihan, Maura Russell Moynihan, and John McCloskey Moynihan; and two grandchildren, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Avedon" title="Michael Avedon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Michael Avedon</a> and Zora Olea.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-58" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[58]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-59" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[59]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-60" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[60]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-cbsnews-61" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[61]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-newpennstation-62" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[62]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-fas-63" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[63]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-townhall-64" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[64]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-syr-65" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[65]</a>Moynihan was honored posthumously:<ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">In 2004, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Michael Bloomberg</a>, the Mayor of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York City</a>, announced plans to replace <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Station (New York)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Penn Station</a> as the city's railroad hub. To be built a block away within the historic landmark <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Farley_Post_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="James Farley Post Office" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">James Farley Post Office</a> building, the new station would be named "Moynihan Station" (later "Moynihan Train Hall") in Moynihan's honor. Moynihan had long championed the project, which will be a replica of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station(1910-1963)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Station (1910-1963)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">the original Penn Station</a>; he had shined shoes in the original station as a boy during the Great Depression. During his latter years in the Senate, Moynihan had to secure federal approvals and financing for the project.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-66" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[66]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">In 2005, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_School_of_Citizenship_and_Public_Affairs" title="Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Syracuse University</a> renamed its Global Affairs Institute as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moynihan_Institute_of_Global_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan_United_States_Courthouse" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">federal district courthouse</a> in Manhattan's Foley Square was named in his honor.</li></ul><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Quotes[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Quotes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"I don't think there's any point in being Irish if you don't know that the world is going to break your heart eventually. I guess that we thought we had a little more time."
– Reacting to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">assassination</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John F. Kennedy</a>, November 1963<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-67" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[67]</a></li></ul><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"No one is innocent after the experience of governing. But not everyone is guilty."
– The Politics of a Guaranteed Income, 1973<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-68" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[68]</a></li></ul><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"Secrecy is for losers. For people who do not know how important the information really is."
– Secrecy: The American Experience, 1998<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-69" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[69]</a></li></ul><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">The quote also adds:<dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">The Soviet Union realized this too late. Openness is now a singular, and singularly American, advantage.</dd></dl></dd></dl><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"The issue of race could benefit from a period of benign neglect."
– Memo to President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Richard Nixon</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-70" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[70]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts."
– quoted in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Sobel" title="Robert Sobel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert Sobel</a>'s review of Past Imperfect: History According to the Movies, edited by Mark C. Carnes</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">(In response to the question: "Why should I work if I am going to just end up emptying slop jars?") "That's a complaint you hear mostly from people who don't empty slop jars. This country has a lot of people who do exactly that for a living. And they do it well. It's not pleasant work, but it's a living. And it has to be done. Somebody has to go around and empty all those bed pans. And it's perfectly honorable work. There's nothing the matter with doing it. Indeed, there is a lot that is right about doing it, as any hospital patient will tell you."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-71" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[71]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"Food growing is the first thing you do when you come down out of the trees. The question is, how come the United States can grow food and you can't?"
– speaking to Third World countries about global famine<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-72" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[72]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"The central <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">conservative</a> truth is that it is culture, not politics, that determines the success of a society. The central <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">liberal</a> truth is that politics can change a culture and save it from itself."</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"Truman left the Presidency thinking that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Whittaker Chambers</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Bentley" title="Elizabeth Bentley" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Elizabeth Bentley</a> were nuts, crackpots, scoundrels, and I think you could say that a fissure began in American political life that's never really closed. It reverberates, and I can say more about it. But in the main, American liberalism—<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_M.Schlesinger,Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arthur Schlesinger</a>, one of the conspicuous examples—got it wrong. We were on the side of the people who denied this, and a president who could have changed his rhetoric, explained it, told the American people, didn't know the facts, they were secret, and they were kept from him."
– Secrecy: The American Experience, October 1998<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan#cite_note-73" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[73]</a></li></ul><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">See also[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.1em; list-style: none none; line-height: 13.09px; display: table; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 175px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px; display: table-row;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Biography portal</a></li></ul></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._political_appointments_that_crossed_party_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_neglect" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign neglect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Benign neglect</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Public_Interest" title="The Public Interest" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Public Interest</a></li></ul><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">References</h2></div><div>==</div>