Gbagbo, L

<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo</a></p>

<p>

<b>aurent Gbagbo</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FPI_2-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-FPI-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_language" title="Bété language" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Gagnoa Bété</a>:<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span lang="btg" xml:lang="btg">Gbagbo</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ɡ͡baɡ͡bo]</span>;<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">French</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>pronunciation:&nbsp;​</small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_French" title="Help:IPA for French" style=" text-decoration: none !important; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[loʁɑ̃ baɡbo]</a></span>; born 31 May 1945) was the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" title="President of Côte d'Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">President of Côte d'Ivoire</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011.

A historian by profession, Gbagbo was imprisoned in the early 1970s and again in the early 1990s, and he lived in <b>exile in France during much of the 1980s as a result of his union activism. </b>Gbagbo founded the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_Popular_Front" title="Ivorian Popular Front" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ivorian Popular Front</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>(FPI) in 1982 and ran unsuccessfully for President against<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny" title="Félix Houphouët-Boigny" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Félix Houphouët-Boigny</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>at the start of multi-party politics in 1990. He also won a seat in the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" title="National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>in 1990.</p>

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Gbagbo claimed victory after<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gu%C3%A9%C3%AF" title="Robert Guéï" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Robert Guéï</a>, head of a<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">military junta</a>, barred other leading politicians from running against Gbagbo in the October 2000 presidential election. The Ivorian people took to the streets, toppling Guéï. Gbagbo was then installed as President.</p>

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Following the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_presidential_election,_2010" title="Ivorian presidential election, 2010" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2010 presidential election</a>, Gbagbo challenged the vote count, alleging fraud. He called for the annulment of results from nine of the country's regions.<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alassane Ouattara</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>was declared the winner and was recognized as such by election observers, the international community, the African Union (AU), and the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" title="Economic Community of West African States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Economic Community of West African States</a>. However, the Constitutional Council, which according to Article 94 of the Ivorian Constitution both determines disputes in and proclaims the results of Presidential elections,<sup id="cite_ref-usembassy1_3-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-usembassy1-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>declared that Gbagbo had won. After a<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Ivorian_crisis" title="2010–2011 Ivorian crisis" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">short period of civil conflict</a>, Gbagbo was arrested by backers of Alassane Ouattara, supported by French Forces "Licorne". In <b><span style=" color: #ED1C24;">November 2011, he was extradited to the</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"><b><span style=" color: #ED1C24;">&nbsp;</span></b></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court" style=" text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><b><span style=" color: #ED1C24;">International Criminal Court</span></b></a><b><span style=" color: #ED1C24;">, becoming the first head of state to be taken into the court's custody.</span></b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-4" style=" text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span><b><span style=" color: #ED1C24;">[</span></b></span><b><span style=" color: #ED1C24;">4</span></b><span><b><span style=" color: #ED1C24;">]</span></b></span></a></sup></p>

<div id="toc" class="toc" style=" border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); padding: 7px; font-size: 12px; display: inline-block; zoom: 1; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">

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<h2 style=" color: black; background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 12px; display: inline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Contents</h2>

<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctoggle" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 11.199999809265137px;">&nbsp;[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#Early_life_and_academic_career" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctext">Early life and academic career</span></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#Political_career" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctext">Political career</span></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#Civil_war" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctext">Civil war</span></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#Aftermath" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctext">Aftermath</span></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#2010_presidential_election_and_succession_crisis" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctext">2010 presidential election and succession crisis</span></a>

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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#Arrest_and_transfer_to_the_International_Criminal_Court" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctext">Arrest and transfer to the International Criminal Court</span></a></li>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#See_also" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#References" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#External_links" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>

</ul>

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<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life_and_academic_career">Early life and academic career</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo?veaction=edit&vesection=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early life and academic career" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">]</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Gbagbo&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early life and academic career" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; visibility: hidden; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">&nbsp;</a></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gbagbo was born in the village of Mama, near<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagnoa" title="Gagnoa" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Gagnoa</a>. He became a history professor and an opponent of the regime of President<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny" title="Félix Houphouët-Boigny" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Félix Houphouët-Boigny</a>. He was imprisoned from 31 March 1971 to January 1973. In 1979, he obtained his doctorate at<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Diderot_University" title="Paris Diderot University" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Paris Diderot University</a>. In 1980, he became Director of the Institute of History, Art, and African Archeology at the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Abidjan" title="University of Abidjan" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">University of Abidjan</a>. He participated in a 1982 teachers' strike as a member of the National Trade Union of Research and Higher Education. Gbagbo went into exile in France.</p>

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_career">Political career</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo?veaction=edit&vesection=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Political career" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">]</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Gbagbo&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Political career" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; visibility: hidden; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">&nbsp;</a></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">During the 1982 strike, Gbagbo formed what would become the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_Popular_Front" title="Ivorian Popular Front" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ivorian Popular Front</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>(FPI). He returned to Côte d'Ivoire on 13 September 1988 and at the FPI's constitutive congress, held on 19–20 November 1988, he was elected as the party's Secretary-General.<sup id="cite_ref-FPI_2-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-FPI-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>

Gbagbo said in July 2008 that he had received crucial support from<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Compaor%C3%A9" title="Blaise Compaoré" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Blaise Compaoré</a>, currently the President of<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Burkina Faso</a>, while he was part of the underground opposition to Houphouët-Boigny.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup>

Following the introduction of multiparty politics in 1990, Gbagbo was the only candidate to stand against Houphouët-Boigny in the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_presidential_election,1990" title="Ivorian presidential election, 1990" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">October 1990 presidential election</a>, receiving 18.3% of the vote against Houphouët-Boigny. In the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_parliamentary_election,1990" title="Ivorian parliamentary election, 1990" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">November 1990 parliamentary election</a>, Gbagbo won a seat in the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" title="National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">National Assembly</a>, along with eight other members of the FPI;<sup id="cite_ref-FPI_2-2" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-FPI-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mundt_6-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Mundt-6" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Gbagbo was elected to a seat from Ouragahio District in Gagnoa Department and was President of the FPI Parliamentary Group from 1990 to 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-FPI_2-3" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-FPI-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>In 1992 he was sentenced to two years in prison and charged with inciting violence, but was released later in the year.<sup id="cite_ref-Mundt_6-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Mundt-6" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>The FPI boycotted the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_presidential_election,_1995" title="Ivorian presidential election, 1995" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1995 presidential election</a>. In 1996 Gbagbo was re-elected to his seat in the National Assembly from Ouragahio, following a delay in the holding of the election there, and in the same year he was elected as President of the FPI.<sup id="cite_ref-FPI_2-4" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-FPI-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>

At the FPI's 3rd Ordinary Congress on 9–11 July 1999, Gbagbo was chosen as the FPI's candidate for the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_presidential_election,_2000" title="Ivorian presidential election, 2000" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">October 2000 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FPI_2-5" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-FPI-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>That election took place after a<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Ivorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Ivorian coup d'état" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">December 1999 coup</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>in which<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gu%C3%A9%C3%AF" title="Robert Guéï" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Robert Guéï</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>took power. Guéï refused to allow<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alassane Ouattara</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>or<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Konan_B%C3%A9di%C3%A9" title="Henri Konan Bédié" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Henri Konan Bédié</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>to run, leaving Gbagbo as the only significant opposition candidate. Guéï claimed victory in the election, held on 22 October 2000, but the Ivorian people toppled Guéï, who fled the capital. Gbagbo installed himself as President on 26 October.</p>

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Civil_war">Civil war</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo?veaction=edit&vesection=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Civil war" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">]</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Gbagbo&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Civil war" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; visibility: hidden; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">&nbsp;</a></span></h2>

<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style=" font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Main article:<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="First Ivorian Civil War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">First Ivorian Civil War</a></div>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On 19 September 2002 a revolt by northerners against Gbagbo's government partly failed. The rebels, calling themselves the "Forces Nouvelles," attempted to seize the cities of Abidjan,<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouak%C3%A9" title="Bouaké" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Bouaké</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korhogo" title="Korhogo" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Korhogo</a>. They failed to take Abidjan, but were successful in the other two, respectively in the center and north of the country. Their grievances were that their mentor,<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alassane Ouattara</a>, had been barred from running in the 2000 presidential election, having been declared by the supreme court, the laws of the country of not being a real Ivoirian.<sup class="Template-Fact" style=" line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Aftermath">Aftermath</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo?veaction=edit&vesection=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Aftermath" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">]</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Gbagbo&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Aftermath" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; visibility: hidden; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">&nbsp;</a></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early in November 2004, after the peace agreement had effectively collapsed following Gbagbo's incapacity to hold democratic elections that would include all candidates and the rebels' subsequent refusal to disarm. During one of these alleged airstrikes in Bouaké on 6 November 2004, French soldiers were hit and nine of them were killed; the Ivorian government has said it was not their fault,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-7" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>but the French have claimed it was deliberate albeit L'Elysée knew the Ivorian state was innocent. They responded by destroying most Ivoirian military aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-8" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-9" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup>

With the late October deadline approaching in 2006, it was regarded as very unlikely that the election would in fact be held by that point, and the opposition and the rebels rejected the possibility of another term extension for Gbagbo.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-10" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>The UN Security Council endorsed another one-year extension of Gbagbo's term on 1 November 2006; however, the resolution provided for the strengthening of Prime Minister<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Konan_Banny" title="Charles Konan Banny" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Charles Konan Banny</a>'s powers. Gbagbo said the next day that elements of the resolution deemed to be constitutional violations would not be applied.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-11" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup>

A peace deal between the government and the rebels, or<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_Nouvelles_de_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" title="Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">New Forces</a>, was signed on 4 March 2007, in<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ouagadougou</a>, Burkina Faso, and subsequently<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Soro" title="Guillaume Soro" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Guillaume Soro</a>, leader of the New Forces, became Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-12" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boost_13-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Boost-13" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Those events were seen by some observers as substantially strengthening Gbagbo's position.<sup id="cite_ref-Boost_13-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Boost-13" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup>

Gbagbo visited the north for the first time since the outbreak of the war for a disarmament ceremony, the "peace flame", on 30 July 2007. This ceremony involved burning weapons to symbolize the end of the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-14" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zone_15-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Zone-15" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>At the ceremony, Gbagbo declared the war over and said that the country should move quickly to elections, which were then planned for early 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-Zone_15-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Zone-15" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup>

On 30 August 2008, Gbagbo was designated the FPI's candidate for the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_presidential_election,_2008" title="Ivorian presidential election, 2008" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">November 2008 presidential election</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>at a party congress; he was the only candidate for the FPI nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-16" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>The presidential election was again postponed to 2010.</p>

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="2010_presidential_election_and_succession_crisis">2010 presidential election and succession crisis</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo?veaction=edit&vesection=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: 2010 presidential election and succession crisis" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">]</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Gbagbo&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: 2010 presidential election and succession crisis" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; visibility: hidden; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">&nbsp;</a></span></h2>

<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style=" font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Main articles:<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_presidential_election,_2010" title="Ivorian presidential election, 2010" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ivorian presidential election, 2010</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Ivorian_crisis" title="2010–2011 Ivorian crisis" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2010–2011 Ivorian crisis</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="Second Ivorian Civil War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Second Ivorian Civil War</a></div>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2010, Côte d'Ivoire had a presidential election that saw Gbagbo face off with<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alassane Ouattara</a>. Gbagbo, whose mandate had expired in 2005, had delayed the election several times.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-17" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup>

On 28 November 2010, the second round of the presidential election was held. Four days later the Ivorian Election Commission (CEI) declared<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alassane Ouattara</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>the winner with 54.1% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamara_18-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Kamara-18" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Gbagbo's party complained of fraud and ordered that votes from nine regions be annulled, but the claims were disputed by the Ivorian Electoral Commission and international election observers.<sup id="cite_ref-UN-urges_19-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-UN-urges-19" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>The Constitutional Council, in accordance with its legal powers in article 94 of the Ivorian Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-usembassy1_3-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-usembassy1-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>nullified the CEI's declaration based on alleged voting fraud, and excluded votes from nine northern areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Poll-overturned_20-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Poll-overturned-20" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>The Constitutional Council concluded that without these votes Gbagbo won with 51% of the remaining vote.<sup id="cite_ref-UN-urges_19-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-UN-urges-19" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>The constitutional restriction on Presidents serving more than ten years was not addressed. With a significant portion of the country's vote nullified, especially in areas where Ouattara polled well,<sup id="cite_ref-Poll-overturned_20-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Poll-overturned-20" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup>tensions mounted in the country. Gbagbo ordered the army to close the borders and foreign news organizations were banned from broadcasting from within the country.<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United States Secretary of State</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hillary Clinton</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>urged the government to "act responsibly and peacefully."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-21" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup>

Gbagbo declared that "I will continue to work with all the countries of the world, but I will never give up our sovereignty." <b>Gbagbo is accused of committing many atrocities against regime opponents.</b><sup class="Template-Fact" style=" line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;"><b>[</b><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)"><b>citation needed</b></span></a></i><b>]</b></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space"><b>&nbsp;</b></span><b>Ouattara's forces have also been accused of mass killings.</b><sup class="Template-Fact" style=" line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;"><b>[</b><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Sporadic violence and gunfire were reported in various parts of the country, including Abidjan.<sup id="cite_ref-Despite_22-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Despite-22" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Gbagbo is mainly supported by the largely Christian south; his opponents are mostly concentrated in the Muslim north.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-23" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup>

Ouattara also took a parallel oath of office, based on an earlier pronouncement by the CEI that he won the election. The international community, including the African Union, recognized Ouattara as the duly elected president and called for Gbagbo to respect the will of the people.<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" title="Economic Community of West African States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ECOWAS</a>, the Economic Community of West African States, also recognized Ouattara and demanded Gbagbo cede power.<sup id="cite_ref-Abidjan.net_24-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Abidjan.net-24" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Gbagbo responded by launching ethnic attacks on northerners living in Abidjan with his army made up partly of Liberian mercenaries,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-25" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfi.fr_26-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-rfi.fr-26" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>and rumours (unconfirmed because of restrictions on the movement of peacekeeping forces) of pro-Gbagbo death squads and mass graves have been reported to representatives of the UN.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-27" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-28" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>When Nigeria demanded Gbagbo step down and the EU began imposing sanctions and freezing assets, Gbagbo demanded foreign troops (by which he meant UN and French troops) leave the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Abidjan.net_24-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Abidjan.net-24" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-29" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Leaders of the Forces Nouvelles (former rebels) asserted that Gbagbo was not the Head of State and could not make such a request and also asserted that the demand was a part of a plan to commit genocide on ethnicities from the north of the country, as stated by Gbagbo's Minister of Youth and Employment.<sup id="cite_ref-rfi.fr_26-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-rfi.fr-26" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-30" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-31" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup>

On 6 April 2011, forces loyal to Ouattara moved to seize Gbagbo at his residence in Abidjan after failed negotiations to end the presidential succession crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN-20110405_32-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-CNN-20110405-32" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>According to Ouattara, his forces established a security perimeter at the residence, where Gbagbo had sought refuge in a subterranean level, and were waiting for him to run out of food and water.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-20110408_33-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-Fox-20110408-33" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>The UN had insisted that he be arrested, judged and tried for crimes against humanity during his term and since the election of Ouattara.

<span style=" background-color: #FFF200;">On 10 April 2011, UN and French helicopters fired on heavy weapons located in Gbagbo's residency in order to prevent attacks on civilians or UN personnel (some claim this excuse was false because a coup d'état was taking place).</span><sup id="cite_ref-voa-capture_34-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-voa-capture-34" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span><span style=" background-color: #FFF200;">[</span></span><span style=" background-color: #FFF200;">34</span><span><span style=" background-color: #FFF200;">]</span></span></a></sup>

&nbsp;</p>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Arrest_and_transfer_to_the_International_Criminal_Court">Arrest and transfer to the International Criminal Court</span><span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo?veaction=edit&vesection=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Arrest and transfer to the International Criminal Court" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style=" transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out; -webkit-transition: color 100ms ease-out, margin 100ms ease-out;">]</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Gbagbo&action=edit&section=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Arrest and transfer to the International Criminal Court" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; visibility: hidden; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">&nbsp;</a></span></h3>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It was reported that Gbagbo was arrested on the afternoon of 11 April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-voa-capture_34-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-voa-capture-34" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Gbagbo was held in the Golf Hotel by Ouattara's forces, but the UN police had accepted his request for their protection.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-35" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Initial reports indicated that French special forces had made the arrest, based on declarations by a Gbagbo aide, but it was denied by the French ambassador in Côte d'Ivoire. A French military spokesman later asserted that French forces did not enter Gbagbo's residence albeit they did enter.<sup id="cite_ref-wp-arrest_36-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-wp-arrest-36" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-37" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-38" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>After briefing the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United Nations Security Council</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>on the situation,<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Le_Roy" title="Alain Le Roy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alain Le Roy</a>, UN Under-Secretary-General for<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping_Operations" title="Peacekeeping Operations" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Peacekeeping Operations</a>, confirmed to reporters that Ouattara forces made the arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-wp-arrest_36-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-wp-arrest-36" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>But there have been persistent reports from<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alain_Toussaint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Toussaint (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alain Toussaint</a>, Gbagbo's Special Advisor in France, that French forces did indeed make the arrest possible namely by blasting open the corridor that linked the presidential residence to the French embassy in Abidjan, enabling pro-Outtara forces to move in quickly to seize Gbagbo. Gbagbo had the tunnel blocked with concrete as soon as he came to power in 2000, marking his political independence to France, the former colonial master.<sup class="Template-Fact" style=" line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>

Later speaking from inside the Golf Hotel in Abidjan, Gbagbo told the regular armies to stop fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-39" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>U.S. President<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Barack Obama</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>cheered news of the latest developments in Côte d'Ivoire and<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN" title="CNN" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">CNN</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>quoted U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton as saying Gbagbo's capture "sends a strong signal to dictators and tyrants. ... They may not disregard the voice of their own people".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-40" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup></p>

<table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style=" font-size: 11.199999809265137px; clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0px 4px 1em; width: 238px; line-height: 1.25em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody>

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<td class="mbox-image" style=" border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.9em; text-align: center;"><img src="/484fc990-4604-5a27-896e-9dfa2495dda4.png"/></td>

<td class="mbox-text plainlist" style=" border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 161.3249969482422px;">Wikinews has related news:<i><b><a href="http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Gbagbo_appears_at_international_court_for_alleged_crimes_against_humanity" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Gbagbo appears at international court for alleged crimes against humanity" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">Gbagbo appears at international court for alleged crimes against humanity</a></b></i></td>

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</tbody></table>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In October 2011, the<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">International Criminal Court</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>opened an investigation into acts of violence committed during the conflict after the election, and ICC chief prosecutor<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Moreno_Ocampo" title="Luis Moreno Ocampo" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Luis Moreno Ocampo</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>visited the country. The ICC formally issued an arrest warrant for Gbagbo, charging him with four counts of crimes against humanity – murder, rape and other forms of sexual violence, persecution and "other inhuman acts", allegedly committed between 16 December 2010 and 12 April 2011, although many supporters allege that it is not true. Gbagbo was arrested in<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korhogo" title="Korhogo" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Korhogo</a>, where he had been placed under house arrest, and was placed on a flight to<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The Hague</a><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>on 29 November 2011 without knowing where he was led to. An adviser to Gbagbo described the arrest as "victors' justice".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-41" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-42" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup>

The ICC's confirmation of charges hearing for Gbagbo was scheduled for June 18, 2012, but was postponed to August 13, 2012, to give his defense team more time to prepare. <b>The hearing was then postponed indefinitely, citing concerns over Gbagbo's health.</b><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo#cite_note-43" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span><b>[</b></span><b>43</b><span><b>]</b></span></a></sup></p>

<h2 class="mw-editsection-expanded" style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.200000762939453px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>