WACL world anti-comm league
no notes? 8/17
see CIS, Pratt
CIS
...
CIS and WACL: A Marriage Made in Hell
The World Anti-Communist League was founded in 1966 by two close Asian allies of the United States, Taiwan and South Korea, and a third organization, the Nazi-dominated, Anti-Bolshevik Block of Nations (ABN), led by the Ukrainian war criminal Yaroslav Stetsko.[25] As we have seen above with CIS, Rev. Moon's Unification network was an instrumental force operating behind the scenes. Moon assets were closely linked to the Korean Central Intelligence Agency and Japanese yakuza crime syndicates, many of whose leaders were convicted war criminals let off the hook by U.S. occupation forces at the war's end.
ABN was a organizational bridge linking Eastern and Western European fascists to the intelligence services of Britain and the United States. Indeed, ABN was formed with U.S. funds and was a model frequently employed by future anti-communist emigre groups. Washington's unflagging commitment to the destruction of the Soviet Union was a continuation of the Third Reich's "Operation Barbarossa" -- by other means. Christopher Simpson's description of the group provides a chilling glimpse into the modus operandi of "containment:"
The ABN was dominated by Ukrainian nationalist veterans of the OUN/UPA (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists/Ukrainian Insurgent Army), and it included a half dozen open Nazi collaborators on its executive board. Its newspaper, ABN Correspondence , published praises of wartime genocidalists such as Ustachi _Fuhrer_ Ante Pavelic and Slovakian quisling Premier Monsignor Jozef Tiso. Alfreds Berzins, whom the U.S. government once termed a "fanatic Nazi" responsible for sending innocent people to concentration camps, was the president of the ABN "People's Council." Berzins was simultaneously a Latvian leader of the Assembly of Captive European Nations. His vice- president at the ABN was the Belorussian quisling Radislaw Ostrowsky.[26]
If such anti-communist "patriots" were serviceable as "democrats" abroad, why not at home? In the United States, WACL's first chairman was Roger Pearson, a white supremacist, eugenicist and neo-Nazi. Pearson was the editor of Willis Carto's anti-Semitic rag, Western Destiny , the forerunner of the Liberty Lobby's Spotlight tabloid. By the mid 1970s, Pearson served on the editorial boards of both the Heritage Foundation and the American Security Council.[27]
Last Fall, Mr. Pratt addressed a Liberty Lobby testimonial banquet in honor of the 20th anniversary of Spotlight . Though Larry Pratt has stated publicly he "loathes" groups such as Aryan Nations and other Nazis, it would appear his oft-quoted protestations of "innocence" are less than credible given Mr. Carto's documented history of bigotry and racism.
Pearson, who has described himself as a "mainstream conservative," boasted to an associate about his alleged role in hiding Nazi doctor Josef Mengele, the "Angel of Death" who directed Nazi "medical experiments" at the Auschwitz extermination camp. With degrees in anthropology and economics, Pearson is the author several books on eugenics. His most "popular" are Eugenics and Race and Race and Civilization . He credits Professor Hans F. K. Gunther, a Nazi racial theoretician, as the inspiration behind the latter volume.[28]
Under Pearson's tutelage, WACL added Western European chapters that were drawn from the ranks of Nazi war criminals, Third Reich collaborators, neo-Nazis and right-wing terrorists. Western European affiliates included the racist British League of Rights and Italy's Italian Social Movement (MSI). Pino Rauti, the founder of the outlawed group, Ordine Nuovo was a key WACL Western European contact.[29] Rauti and countless other Italian fascists including the war criminal, June Valerio "Black Prince" Borghese, and key members of the Italian general staff, were "rehabilitated" Nazi collaborators recruited by the CIA into NATO's "stay behind" anti-communist terror network, also known as "Gladio."[30]
An off-shoot of Ordine Nuovo was the terrorist group, the Armed Revolutionary Nuclei (ARN), responsible for the 1980 bombing of the Bologna train station which killed 85 people. The notorious neo-fascist killer, Stefano delle Chiaie, the ARN architect of the Bologna massacre, attended the pivotal 1980 conference of the WACL-affiliated, Latin American Anti-Communist Confederation (CAL), held in Buenos Aires at the height of the "dirty war" against the Argentine left.[31]
CAL was the organizational expression of a little-known group of Mexican neo-Nazis, the Tecos or "owls," centered at the Autonomous University of Guadalajara. Founded by Third Reich collaborator, Carlos Cuesta Gallardo, the Tecos have created several anti-communist front groups which include the Mexican Anti-Communist Federation (FEMACO) and the Inter-American Confederation of Continental Defense (IACCD). These "men of action" were drawn from the ranks of the Mexican secret police, military officers, wealthy landowners and industrialists.[32]
Tecos leader, Raimundo Guerrero, was recruited into the organization by Gallardo. According to Anderson and Anderson, the Tecos have close links with the remnants of the Romanian Iron Guard fascists of Horia Sima in Spain. The group publishes the anti-Semitic magazine, Replica . Serving as a liaison among right-wing death squads throughout Latin America, the Tecos joined WACL in 1972. But the Tecos are more than a collection of aging Nazis; investigative journalist Manuel Buendia, was assassinated in Mexico City after publishing a three-part series exposing "Los Tecos" in 1984.[33]
The 1980 CAL conclave was hosted by members of the military junta and the Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance (AAA) death squad. Delle Chiaie journeyed to Buenos Aires from Bolivia where he had forged a murder-for-hire and cocaine smuggling partnership with CIA asset, Klaus Barbie.[34]
Others who attended the CAL conference included, John Carbaugh, an aide to North Carolina Senator Jesse Helms and Mario Sandoval Alarcon, the "godfather" of the Guatemalan death squads. Sandoval brought along a protege to Buenos Aires, the cashiered Salvadoran army major, Roberto D'Aubuisson. In 1981, Sandoval was an invited guest at the Reagan inaugural ball.[35]
Another individual who was an honored guest at the Reagan fete was Adolpho Cuellar, the chairman of WACL's branch in El Salvador; that is, until he was permanently "removed from service" by the FMLN. According to Holly Sklar, "Cuellar is remembered by former Salvadoran army officers 'as a man who used to appear at interrogation centers and beg permission to torture the prisoners.'"[36]
Shortly after the CAL conference, 50 Argentine "military advisors" and unconventional warfare "specialists" arrived in El Salvador and began training the military junta in advanced counter-insurgency "techniques," much as their Israeli counterparts were doing in Guatemala and Honduras.[37] They were joining CIA and U.S. Army Special Forces operatives already in place. Massacres and "disappearances" escalated at an alarming rate.[38]
Such developments were greeted with enthusiasm by CIS and their fellow-travellers. Board member, Andy Messing, a close personal friend of Lt. Col. Northand the president of the National Defense Council said at the time, "going to war is [my] favorite pastime."[39]
When Pearson became too hot to handle he was forced to resign in 1980, temporarily replaced as WACL's North American chairman by Elmer D. Greaves, an organizer of the segregationist Citizens Council.[40] But did Pearson leave in disgrace, discredited as a fascist, a racist and an apologist for the Nazi Holocaust? Hardly. Hanging on the wall of Pearson's Washington, D.C. office is a letter from then President, Ronald Reagan:
You are performing a valuable service in bringing to a wide audience the work of leading scholars who are supportive of a free enterprise economy, a firm and consistent foreign policy and a strong national defense.
Your substantial contributions to promoting and upholding those ideals and principles that we value at home and abroad are greatly appreciated.[41]
With Pearson's departure, WACL was in crisis and in danger of disbanding. It is during this period, that John K. Singlaub came to the rescue, reorganizing WACL's American chapter.
Retired U.S. Army General and CIS board member, John K. Singlaub, has a long, bloody history of involvement with the formulation and execution of U.S. counter-insurgency strategy and covert operations around the world. A member of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) at the end of World War II,Singlaub moved up the ladder, becoming CIA desk officer for China in 1949 and deputy station chief in Korea during the war. During the Vietnam war he commanded the Special Operations Group, which implemented the CIA's Phoenix Operation, responsible for the cold-blooded murder of some 40,000 Vietnamese and the imprisonment of hundreds of thousands of other Vietnamese in "strategic hamlets." Singlaub was appointed head of the U.S command in South Korea in 1976, but was removed in 1978 when he publicly disagreed with President Carter's plans to withdraw U.S. troops.[42]
A significant figure, within the national security apparatus and the far-right, Singlaub was well-placed to serve as a contact who could network neo-fascist killers, drug peddlers and state- sanctioned terrorist "assets" employed by the national security state itself. Herman and O'Sullivan write:
Singlaub was...close to the Reagan White House. From April 1983 until October 1984 he chaired an official Pentagon panel established to design U.S. policies toward developing countries. The panel also included Brigadier General Heine Anderholt, a contributing editor to _Soldier of Fortune_, and another half dozen extreme right-wing military officers and academicians. In April 1984, Singlaub met with President Reagan and National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane and was named "the chief fund-raising contact" to the contra army in Central America. With this choice, the president plucked from the world of the paramilitary/neo- Nazi fringe a man who had spent six years since his forced retirement from the army in some of the most powerful and dangerous organizations on the U.S. and international extreme right, where his associates included former Nazis, Nazi collaborators, anti-Semites, leaders of death squads, and a motley crew of mercenaries. Reagan honored these with a warm greeting to WACL at its 1984 gathering, asserting that the organization was playing a "leadership role" in the "gallant struggle being waged by the true freedom fighters of our day." Within a year at Bitburg, Reagan would pay his respects to the Waffen-SS.[43]
It is within this context as well, that Patrick Buchanan, then Reagan's communications director, echoed calls issued by the Nazi-linked, Captive Nations Committee (CNC), to abolish the Justice Department's Office for Special Investigations (OSI), responsible for prosecuting war criminals still at large. This should not come as a shock to anyone, since many members of CNC held dual membership in WACL.
Andy Messing, as well as Howard Phillips, chairman of The Conservative Caucus and current leader of the United States Taxpayers Party (USTP), were key figures within WACL's American branch. Larry Pratt shares Phillips' ideological commitment to the clerical-fascist doctrine of Christian Reconstructionism; indeed, Pratt is a national committee member of Phillips' USTP.
Phillips and other American far-rightists, including Black "pro-life" Republican Party presidential candidate, Alan Keyes, were members of the South Africa lobby. The International Freedom Foundation (IFF), an organization founded by "conservative" activist, Jack Abramhoff, was recently exposed by senior South African military personnel as a cut-out of the South African military and Special Branch. IFF functioned as a propaganda arm for South African STRATCOM (strategic communications) counter-insurgency operations directed against the African National Congress and the trade union confederation.[44]
These are some of the individuals found within Mr. Pratt's small circle of friends, but for "reasons of state," the bourgeois media has tended to "forget" the invaluable services rendered to imperialism by such "extremist" representatives of the "radical religious right."
Larry Pratt, the Council for Inter-American Security and the War Against Immigrants
Fighting communism at home and abroad were not the only missions undertaken by the Council for Inter-American Security and their stalwart secretary, Larry Pratt. With the collapse of the degenerated workers' states in the USSR and Eastern Europe, crowned by the annexation of the German Democratic Republic by West German Capital, new "enemies" appeared on the horizon -- both in Europe and the United States.
By 1990, the "Culture Wars," the assault on the basic rights of people of color, the organized proletariat, immigrants, women, queers and the left had come to replace the mythological significance of the "Red Menace" for the far-right. Mr. Pratt, this time in the guise of "defender" of "traditional family values," and "America's Godly heritage," was equal to the task, "protecting" white Christians from a "flood" of "illegal" immigrants. Pratt would use his skills as a propagandist and his position as president of Gun Owners of America, to launch a new campaign -- to make English the official language of the United States.
Under the auspices of CIS, Pratt was the president of a racist, anti-immigration outfit, English First. Officers of Pratt's group are also leaders of the alarmist, United States Border Control (USBC). The Denver-based, North-South Institute (NSI) is a non-profit arm of the Council for Inter-American Security. NSI vice president and director, Lt. General Gordon Sumner, also a CIS director as we have seen, is an officer of USBC and NSI.[45]
A close ally of Pratt's in this enterprise is Anthony Bouscaren. A CIS advisor along with Singlaub and Sumner, Bouscaren was a board member of WACL's American branch. During the l960s, Bouscaren worked for Wycliffe Draper's Pioneer Fund, a racist organization which has bankrolled pseudoscientific "research" which allegedly proves that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. The Pioneer Fund has been an instrumental force behind the scenes, funding neo-eugenicist research such as that of Phillipe Rushton, as well as many anti-immigration groups, including the "mainstream" Federation for American Immigration Reform, whose oxymoronic acronym is "FAIR."[46]
During the 1970s, Bouscaren was a board member of the American-Chilean Council, a group which served as a public relations arm of the Pinochet death squad state. There Bouscaren worked with Ronald Docksai, the founder of the Council for Inter- American Security and L. Francis Bouchey, who would lead the organization during the 1980s.[47]
Well after his stint with the Pioneer Fund, Bouscaren published numerous articles in Roger Pearson's Journal for Social, Political and Economic Studies -- that is, after Pearson had been exposed as a Nazi by the Washington Post. [48]
Bouscaren signed the "Declaration of San Salvador," as a proxy for John Singlaub. The declaration was the result of a right-wing conference held in San Salvador in 1985; it included many WACL members and focused on ways to involve civilians in anti-communist efforts. The document announced the formation of the Central American Anti-Communist Defense Accord, intended to create a combat group known as the Central American Civilian Military Alliance (CACMA).[49]
But CACMA was more than a WACL propaganda project. Drawing on the experiences ofGuatemala's notorious "Program of Assistance to Areas in Conflict" (PAAC), inspired by the CIA's Phoenix Operation in Vietnam, PAAC's "civic action" program included forced relocation of Mayan peasants into "model villages" and the creation of hated "civilian self-defense patrols." WACL, CACMA and their CIA handlers viewed these operations as a means of generalizing and standardizing the "Guatemalan experience" throughout the region. In this near- genocidal enterprise against the Mayan people, the death squad regime was offered much assistance by Israeli as well as domestic "assets" within the U.S. Christian Right, especially from the clerical-fascist Reconstructionist wing of the movement.[50]
The counter-insurgency doctrine of "low-intensity conflict" (LIC), became a significant factor on the home front. Beginning in the early 1990s, veterans of CIA-Contra operations and their intellectual architects, began propagandizing for a systematic application of LIC methodology within the imperialist heartland itself. The "war on drugs" and the Immigration and Naturalization Service's brutal border sweeps, detention and deportation of so-called "illegals," many of whom are political refugees, are but the tip of the iceberg in this regard.
Echoing the xenophobic campaign already in full-swing within the reunified Germany, CIS and English First issued a paper, Creating a Hispanic America: Nation Within a Nation? This racist diatribe virtually equates bilingual education with "terrorism." "Bilingual education has national security implications," its authors inform us. Given CIS's role in support of the CIA-Contra wars, their equation -- Latino = Terrorist -- certainly comes as no surprise. According to anti- racist researcher and activist, Michael Novick:
The paper compares the U.S. southwest to French-speaking Quebec, with its potential for separatism. It sees the Chicano and Spanish-speaking population as in themselves a threat to U.S. national security and unity.
The paper also indulges in more blatant racism. It describes the Indian ancestors of Latinos as "uncivilized barbaric squatters" with "a penchant for grotesque human sacrifices, cannibalism, and kidnapping women." This is the ideology that guides English First leader Pratt in his fund- raising appeals for the English Only cause. In one letter soliciting potential donors, Pratt claimed, "many immigrants these days are encouraged not to learn English. They remain stuck in a linguistic...ghetto, living off welfare and costing working Americans billions of tax dollars."[51]
Larry Pratt is a key leader of the reactionary U.S. Taxpayers Party (USTP).As touched upon briefly, Pratt is a national committee member of Howard Phillips' outfit, as well as a national co-chairman of Patrick Buchanan's campaign committee. A central plank of the USTP's platform is the requirement that English become the "official" language of the United States. The USTP is opposed both to bilingual education and the use of multilingual ballots for U.S. elections.
But buried within the USTP's 1992 platform is the bland phrase: the USTP "reject[s] the practice of bestowing U.S. citizenship on children born to illegal alien parents while in this country." This is an attack on the 13th and 14th amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The 13th amendment abolished slavery, while the 14th amendment granted full citizenship rights to former slaves as well as to the children of non-citizen immigrants born in the U.S., legal or otherwise. In fact, Pratt and his cohorts within the "Patriot" movement seek to repeal these amendments as part of their drive to create a "Christian Republic."
The origins of "Patriot" thinking regarding constitutional "revisions" of citizenship rights, is the little known but virulently racist, League of Pace Amendment Advocates. Daniel Johnson, the author of the so-called Pace Amendment is a far- rightist with close ties to many neo-Nazis, including Richard Barrett's Mississippi-based Nationalist Movement and the Populist Party, founded by arch anti-Semite, Willis Carto, the leader of the Liberty Lobby.[52]
Mr. Pratt and his cohorts within the Council for Inter- American Security have much to answer for in their service to U.S. imperialism. Their role as active agents for murderous policies designed to bring the Central American people "in line" with the "rule of law" and the "civilized norms of the Western democracies," have had very grave consequences indeed.
Their close collaboration with the FBI and the Salvadoran intelligence service unquestionably resulted in the deaths of hundreds of refugees after their forced deportation to El Salvador. According to the Political Asylum Project of the American Civil Liberties Union, out of 154 refugees deported in 1983 and 1984, 42 returnees were killed, seven were arrested, five were jailed, 47 were "disappeared" and an additional 43 others "disappeared" under violent circumstances. Certainly an admirable record Mr. Pratt and his "Patriot" companions can reminisce over during Bible study, perhaps.[53]
Conclusion
Far from being an innocent wrongly accused of anti-Semitism and racism, Larry Pratt is an individual committed to a world- view which begins and ends with global economic-political- cultural-military domination by U.S. imperialism; this is the context and ideology behind Patrick Buchanan's allegiance to xenophobic "America First" nationalism.
Mr. Pratt's 1990 book, Armed People Victorious , touted by the bourgeois press as a "passionate defense" of gun rights and the militia movement, is a volume inspired by the anti-communist death squads which operated so "efficiently" in Guatemala and the Philippines.
Pratt's close working relationship with the Council for Inter-American Security and the World Anti-Communist League provided him both with the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to forge effective links among a host of individuals and organizations who actively sympathized with U.S.-sponsored terror and mass murder in Central America.
It should come as no surprise, least of all to a mendacious press that remained silent while imperialism implemented a policy of extermination , that fascists such as Pratt would recommend the creation of the domestic equivalent of Central American death squads in the United States to deal with troublesome enemies of today's "Culture Wars."
What is significant is not that individuals such as Mr. Pratt are "extremists" or the "enemies" of a supposedly "pluralist democracy." Of far greater significance is that this "public-private partnership" among a host of reactionary organizations and the national security state, is the norm ; an enduring legacy of settler-colonialism grounded in white supremacist ideologies -- and ideologues -- who are hell-bent on maintaining imperialism's global domination by any means necessary .
Appendix
Principle directors, associates and research analysts involved with the Council for Inter-American Security. Compiled by the Interhemispheric Resource Center, Group Watch Reports, Box 4506, Albuquerque, NM 87196-4506. On PeaceNet, IRC's Group Watch archive can be found on cdp:pra.reactionary; this excellent archive is maintained by Political Research Associates.
L. Francis Bouchey, president; Lt. Gen. Gordon Sumner, Jr. (USA-Ret.), chairman; Larry D. Pratt, secretary; Richard W. Powell, treasurer; Michael Connelly, general counsel. Directors: Robert W. Searby (Deputy Undersecretary for International Affairs, Department of Labor), Patrick J. Buchanan (former communications director for President Reagan); Michael Carricarte (Carricarte Corp); Col. Samuel T. Dickens (American Security Council); Ronald F. Docksai (president emeritus); Francis P. Graves (Republican National Committee); Lewis A. Tambs (U.S. Ambassador to Colombia, Costa Rica); Andy Messing (National Defense Council); Robert Emmet Moffit (former senior Legislative Assistant for Foreign Affairs). David Hirschmann, research director; Max Primorac, research fellow; Clemens Michel, research fellow; David Spencer, research fellow; Michael Caputo; John Lenczowski, consultant. James Whelan, president of the Inter-Security Educational Institute, co-publisher of West Watch. Michael Waller, West Watch editor and former research director. General John K. Singlaub (USA, Ret.); advisory board. Members of the first Committee of Santa Fe: L. Francis Bouchey, Roger W. Fontaine, David C. Jordan, Gordon Sumner, Lewis Tambs editor. Members of the second Committee of Santa Fe: L. Francis Bouchey, Roger Fontaine, David C. Jordan, Gordon Sumner. Inter-American Security Educational Institute: Fr. Enrique T. Rueda, project director.
Notes and sources
[1] see in particular: Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media , New York, Pantheon Books, 1988; Noam Chomsky, Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies , Boston, South End Press, 1989; Martin A. Lee and Norman Solomon, Unreliable Sources: A Guide to Detecting Bias in the Media , New York, Lyle Stuart, 1990; see, in particular, chapters 10-12
[2] Ross Gelbspan, Break-ins, Death Threats and the FBI: The Covert War Against the Central America Movement , Boston, South End Press, 1991; for background on COINTELPRO see: Ward Churchill and Jim Vander Wall, Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement , Boston, South End Press, 1990
[3] Gelbspan, op. cit., pp. 76-77. Currently J. Michael Waller is a leading spokesperson for the Washington, D.C.-based, American Foreign Policy Council; a rightist think-tank.
[4] ibid., pp. 32-34
[5] cited in Chip Berlet, The FBI and Right-Wing Spy Networks , New York, Center for Constitutional Rights, 1991, p. 4
[6] Gelbspan, op. cit., pp. 124-125
[7] Holly Sklar, Washington's War On Nicaragua , Boston, South End Press, 1988, p. 58
[8] Frederick Clarkson, "'Privatizing' the War," Covert Action Information Bulletin , Washington, D.C., Number 22 (Fall 1984), p. 33
[9] Alan Crawford, Thunder On The Right: The "New Right" and the Politics of Resentment , New York, Pantheon Books, 1980, p. 197
[10] Sara Diamond, Roads to Dominion: Right-Wing Movements and Political Power in the United States , New York, The Guilford Press, 1995, pp. 348-349 Marvin Liebman, a reactionary leader of the "China Lobby" organized the American-Chilean Council with funds supplied by "private Chilean contributions which were transmitted to us by the Consejo Chileno Norteamericano." According to Dr. Diamond, ACC founders included: Professor James D. Atkinson, Murray Baron, Professor A.T. Bouscaren, Ralph de Toledano, Lev Dobriansky, Ronald Docksai, Walter Judd, David Keene, Anthony Kubeck, Eugene Lyons, Stefan Possony, David Rowe. Ronald Docksai was the founder and first president of CIS.
[11] Sklar, op. cit., p. 58
[12] ibid.
[13] Interhemispheric Resource Center, _Group Watch Project: Council for Inter-American Security_, Albuquerque, 1991
[14] Nelson Blackstock, COINTELPRO: The FBI's War On Political Freedom , New York, Pathfinder Press, 1988; Frank Donner, Protectors of Privilege: Red Squads and Police Repression in America , Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990
[15] Edward S. Herman and Gerry O'Sullivan, The "Terrorism" Industry: The Experts and Institutions That Shape Our View of Terror , New York, Pantheon Books, 1989, p. 100
[16] Diamond, op. cit., p. 46
[17] Herman and O'Sullivan, op. cit., p. 100
[18] Clarkson, op. cit., p. 33; Herman & O'Sullivan, op. cit., p. 93
[19] Louis Wolf and Frederick Clarkson, "Arnaud de Borchgrave Board's Moon's Ship," Covert Action Information Bulletin , Washington, D.C., Number 24, Summer 1985, p. 35
[20] Clarkson, op. cit., p. 33
[21] Frederick Clarkson, "Moon's Law: God Is Phasing Out Democracy," Covert Action Information Bulletin , Washington, D.C., Number 27, Spring 1987, p. 40
[22] Kai Hermann, "Klaus Barbie: A Killer's Career," Covert Action Information Bulletin , Washington, D.C., Number 25, Winter 1986, p. 19
[23] Stewart Klepper, "The United States in El Salvador," Covert Action Information Bulletin , Washington, D.C., Number 12, April 1981, p. 9
[24] Herman and O'Sullivan, op. cit., p. 96
[25] Scott Anderson and Jon Lee Anderson, Inside the League: The Shocking Expose of How Terrorists, Nazis and Latin American Death Squads Have Infiltrated the World Anti-Communist League , New York, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1986, p. 13
[26] Christopher Simpson, Blowback: The First Full Account of America's Recruitment of Nazis, and Its Disastrous Effect On Our Domestic and Foreign Policy , New York, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988, p. 269
[27] Diamond, op. cit., p. 157
[28] Anderson & Anderson, op. cit., p. 93
[29] ibid., p. 98
[30] for background on "Gladio" and NATO's "stay behind" network, see: Arthur E. Rowse, "Gladio: The Secret U.S. War to Subvert Italian Democracy," Covert Action Quarterly , Washington, D.C., Number 49, Summer 1994 and, Anti-Fascist Action (AFA), "Staying Behind: NATO's Terror Network," Fighting Talk , London, Issue 11, May 1995
[31] Anderson & Anderson, op. cit., pp. 98-99 and Stuart Christie, Stefano Delle Chiaie, Portrait of a Black Terrorist , London, Anarchy Magazine/Refract Publications, 1984
[32] Anderson & Anderson, op. cit., pp. 71-81
[33] ibid., p. 138
[34] ibid., p. 147
[35] ibid., p. 177
[36] Sklar, op. cit., p. 83
[37] ibid., pp. 84-86; for Israel's role in Central America see, Jane Hunter, Israeli Foreign Policy: South Africa and Central America , Boston, South End Press, 1987, pp. 95-181
[38] Ellen Ray, "Argentina Activates International Death Squads," Covert Action Information Bulletin , Washington, D.C., Number 16, March 1982, pp. 14-16 and, same issue, "Salvadoran Deserter Discloses Green Beret Torture Role," pp. 17-18
[39] Sklar, op. cit., pp. 238-239
[40] Anderson & Anderson, op. cit., p. 102
[41] ibid., p. 92
[42] ibid. pp. 150-155
[43] Herman & O'Sullivan, op. cit., p. 69 Supporting counter- revolutionary terror was a very profitable enterprise indeed. GeoMilitech, founded by Singlaub and his partner, Barbara Studley, procured $5.3 million in weapons which were transferred to Contra leader, Adolfo Calero, in June 1985; a cozy relationship all around.
[44] Dele Olojede, "D.C. think tank was an apartheid tool," San Francisco Examiner , Sunday, July 16, 1995, p. C-7; for background on the International Freedom Foundation see, David Ivon, "Touting for South Africa: International Freedom Foundation," Covert Action Information Bulletin , Washington, D.C., Number 31, Winter 1989, pp. 62-64
[45] Russ Bellant, The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism , Cambridge, MA, Political Research Associates, 1990, p. 65
[46] Ruth Conniff, "The War on Aliens: The Right calls the shots," The Progressive , Madison, WI, October 1993, p. 24
[47] Diamond, op. cit., p. 348
[48] Anderson & Anderson, op. cit., p. 153
[49] ibid., p. 273
[50] Hunter, op. cit., pp. 118-127 and, Sara Diamond, Spiritual Warfare: The Politics of the Christian Right , Boston, South End Press, 1989, pp. 164-168
[51] Michael Novick, White Lies, White Power: The Fight Against White Supremacy and Reactionary Violence , Monroe, Maine, Common Courage Press, 1995, pp. 188-189
[52] ibid., p. 267
[53] Gelbspan, op. cit., p. 219
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World Anti-Communist League
While researching their book on the World Anti-Communist League (WACL), journalists Scott Anderson and Jon Lee Anderson received a letter from a former League member: “In considering the World Anti-Communist League you have entered a world of ideological fanaticism, racialism, ignorance and fear which is almost beyond the comprehension of the average American…Your subject matter is a collection of oriental fascists, militarists, rightwing terrorists who put bombs in civilian aircraft, death squads, assassins, criminals and many people who are as opposed to democracy as they are communism.”
With chapters now in over 90 countries on six continents, WACL was founded in 1966 by two dictatorships, South Korea and Taiwan, and the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN), which united East European fascists who were valued for their anti-communism and resettled in the West with the aid of the Vatican and U.S. and British intelligence. Formed with U.S. government funds, the ABN is described as “the largest and most important umbrella for Nazi collaborations in the world.”
The late Yaroslav Stetsko, chairman of the ABN and a longtime WACL leader, met with President Reagan in the White House in 1983. The Ukrainian Stetsko assisted in the 1941 Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union and led the occupation of Lvov. “During the period in which Stetsko was in Lvov and, by his own claim, in charge of the city, and estimated seven thousand residents, mostly Jews, were murdered.”
Latter-day fascist Roberto D’Aubuisson, a League member, once told German reporters that he admired Hitler because, “your Europeans had the right idea. You saw the Jews were behind communism and you started to kill them.”
The World Anti-Communist League is an outgrowth of the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League, formed in 1954, also with U.S. government support, by the South Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) and Chiang Kai-Shek’s Kuomintang (KMT). In 1947, before losing to Mao on the Chinese mainland, Chiang’s forces crushed an independence movement on the occupied Formosa (Taiwan) with a massacre of some 20,000 people.
Taiwan became a laboratory for “total and unconventional warfare.” It established a Political Warfare Cadres Academy – D’Aubuisson is a graduate – with the assistance of WACL associate Ray Cline, who was CIA station chief in Taiwan from 1958 to 1962, then CIA deputy director for intelligence, State Department director of intelligence and founder of the U.S. Global Strategy Council. U.S. military personnel taught at the academy, drawn largely from the U.S. Military Group stationed in Taiwan.
In Latin America, WACL’s affiliates formed the Latin American Anti-Communist Confederation (CAL). In 1974, CAL introduced a resolution at WACL’s annual conference seeking the overthrow of the U.S. government, which was considered soft on communism, and installation of a military junta. CAL was organized by the Mexican Tecos, whose leaders were the principal authors of the 1962 Complot Contra La Iglesia(Conspiracy Against The Church). A response to the liberalism of Vatican Council II, the Complot has been called “one of the most scathingly anti-semitic and unabashedly pro-Nazi tracts ever written.”
Liberation theology has been a prime CAL target. In 1975, Bolivia formulated the Banzer Plan (named after then dictator Hugo Banzer) which, as journalists Penny Lemoux explains, aimed “to smear, arrest, expel, or murder and dissident priest of bishop in the Bolivian Church.” The CIA assisted Bolivia by providing personal data, names of friends, addresses, writings, contacts abroad, and other intelligence on certain priests. Between 1975 and 1978, twelve foreign missionaries were arrested in Bolivia and half of them deported. Iowan missionary Father Raymond Herman was murdered in his parish rectory in October 1976. In El Salvador death squads killed Father Rutilio Grande and Alfanso Navarro in 1977. The “White Warriors’ Union” took responsibility for Navarro’s murder and issued the slogan: “Be a patriot! Kill a priest!”
The attack on liberation theology was regionalized when ten countries backed the Banzer Plan at the 1977 conference in Paraguay. WACL adopted a “priest tracking” resolution in 1978. Between 1964 (the year of the military coup in Brazil) and 1978, at least 79 priests, bishops, religious (members of religious orders) and well known Christian lay leaders were killed in Latin America, many of them between 1975 and 1977. Argentina, El Salvador and Honduras led the murders in that period. The killing has continued.
The chairman of the WACL and head of the U.S. chapter during the late 1970s was Roger Pearson, a well-connected white supremacist, eugenicist and neo-Nazi, who reportedly “once bragged to an associate about his alleged role in hiding Nazi doctor Josef Mengele.” As editor of the Liberty Lobby magazine, Western Destiny, Pearson wrote in 1965: “Our Race can only survive if we can prevent them [Jews and blacks] from capturing the minds, morals and souls of our children.” By the mid 1970s, he was serving on the editorial boards of the Heritage Foundation and the American Security Council.
Under Pearson’s guidance WACL added Western European chapters composed of Nazi collaborators, neo-Nazis and rightwing terrorists – from the racist British League of Rights to Giorgio Almirante’s Italian Social Movement, whose members included Pino Rauti, founder of the outlawed Ordine Nuovo. Rauti’s former deputy, Elio Massagrande, attended WACL’s 1979 conference in Paraguay while “high on Interpol’s list of wanted fugitives.” As tensions rose with the non-fascist European chapters, Pearson was asked to resign in 1980. The American chapter was then headed by Elmore D. Greaves, organizer of Mississippi’s segregationist Citizens Council during the 1960s.
In April 1982, Pearson received a letter from President Reagan, which he used to solicit donation and subscriptions to his magazines.“Your substantial contributions to promoting and upholding those ideals and principles that we value at home and abroad are greatly appreciated,” Reagan wrote. The Letter was not repudiated even after White house officials were informed on Pearson’s background.
Moonstruck
WACL provided a strong base for the Reverend Sun Myung Moon’s Unification Church, which is closely tied to the KCIA. Known for its totalitarian indoctrination of young people (in 1982, Moon arranged 2,000 couples at random for marriage in a mass ceremony at Madison Square Garden), in the 1940s Moon’s frst church practiced the ritual of “blood separation”: female church members “were required to have sexual relations with Moon, to clear themselves of ‘the taint of Satan.’
The Unification Church supposedly left WACL in 1975 when Moon denounced it as fascist after a frustrated takeover attempt. But Moon continued to be represented by the powerful Japanese Unification Church through its front group, Shokyo Rengo (Victory Over Communism), founded by such men as the late Yoshio Kodama, leader of the Japanese organized crime syndicate, the Yakuza, and Ryoichi Sasakawa, who has described himself as the “world’s wealthiest fascist.”
WACL members work for the Unification Church in support of the contras through Moonie affiliates like CAUSA (Confederation of Associations for the Unity [originally Unification] of the Societies of America) was founded in 1980 by Colonel Bo Hi Pak, the former KCIA operative who is Moon’s top deputy, and Kim Sang In, former KCIA station chief in Mexico City. CAUSA’s first executive director was Warren Richardson, formerly general counsel to the Liberty Lobby.
Moonie Connections with the U.S. right and the Reagan administration are extensive. For example, retired Major General Daniel Graham, a member of CAUSA USA’s advisory board, heads the Star Wars lobby group, High Frontier. F. Lynn Bouchey, president of the Council for Inter-American Security and member of the Committee of Santa Fe, helped organize two CAUSA conferences. Washington Timeseditor Arnaud de Bochgrave serves on Ray Cline’s U.S. Global Strategy Council, a Reagan advisory group. The Strategy Council’s executive director is retired General E. David Woellner, president of CAUSA World Services. Washington Times columnists include Ray Cline’s son–in-law Roger Fontaine, a Committee of Santa Fe member and former Reagan Latin America adviser, and Jeremiah O’Leary, formerly special assistant to National Security Adviser William Clark.
Moon money has become a major source of nourishment for New Right leaders and organizations. The Unification Church contributed $775,000 in 1984 to the Conservative Alliance (CALL), a non-profit lobbying group headed by the late John “Terry” Dolan who also led the National Conservative Political Action Committee (NCPAC)and served on the CAUSA USA’s advisory board. Direct mail fundraiser Richard Viguerie was bailed out of debt in 1987 when Bo Hi Pak’s U.S. Property Development Corporation purchased Viguerie’s Virginia headquarters. Viguerie has served on the board of the Moon-dominated American Freedom Coalition (AFC) which was his biggest new direct-mail client as of December 1987.
Moon’s quest for global theocracy is no secret. In 1978, a House subcommittee tracing the Unification Church’s connections with the South Korean Security and intelligence forces quoted Moon: “If we manipulate seven nations at least…the U.S., England, France, Germany, Soviet Russia and maybe Korea and Japan…then we can get a hold of the whole world.”
By the time Moon was released from a U.S. prison in the summer of 1985 after serving a year-long sentence for perjury and falsification of documents, his image had been dramatically rehabilitated. His supporters claimed he was unjustly imprisoned for “tax evasion” and people of diverse political backgrounds saw him as a persecuted religious leader. Rightwing Senator Orrin Hatch (R-UT) lauded Moon for providing American youth with “a religious alternative to Communism.”
In January 1987 “God’s Day” speech, Moon showed his image may have mellowed, but not his views: “Without knowing it, even President Reagan is guided by Father [Moon]. History will make the position of [Reverend] Moon clear and his enemies, the American population and government will bow down to him. That is Father’s tactic, the natural subjugation of the American government and population.”
Reagan administration-Moonie ties are extensive enough that an analyst for the Pentagon-funded Institute of Defense Analysis warned of the effects their expose could have on the 1984 elections: “Current Moonie involvement with government officials, contractors and grantees…could create a major scandal…If efforts are not taken to stop their growing influence and weed out current Moonie involvement in government, the President stands a good chance of being portrayed in the media as a poor, naive incompetent.” As it turned out, Mooniegate was just one more scandal Reagan avoided in the years preceding the Iran-contra Revelations.
Singlaub’s WACL Warriors cf