folsom, b

<div>=</div><div>off bs mack</div><div>
</div><div>dr. Burton Folsom Jr. retired from Hillsdale College after teaching there since 2002. He also previously served as a senior fellow in economic education for the Mackinac Center for Public Policy.</div>For the Mackinac Center, Folsom has authored dozens of widely reprinted articles about Michigan's rich and varied past as well as a 1997 book, <a href="http://www.mackinac.org/4528" target="top" style="">Empire Builders: How Michigan Entrepreneurs Helped Make America Great</a>. His other books include Urban Capitalists: Entrepreneurs and City Growth in Pennsylvania's Lackawanna and Lehigh Regions, 1800-1920(1981); The Myth of the Robber Barons: A New Look at the Rise of Big Business in America (1991), now in its sixth edition; New Deal or Raw Deal?: How FDR's Economic Legacy Has Damaged America (2008); and FDR Goes to War (2011), which he co-authored with Anita Folsom. He also has edited two volumes, The Spirit of Freedom: Essays in American History and The Industrial Revolution and Free Trade. His work has appeared in major newspapers and magazines including The Detroit News, The American Spectator, and The Wall Street Journal. He blogs at <a href="http://www.burtfolsom.com/">BurtFolsom.com</a>.Folsom received his Ph.D. in American history from the University of Pittsburgh.---studies<div data-article-id="1803" class="article colored-links" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; max-width: 24em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="title"><h3 style="line-height: 1.125; margin: 0px 0px 0.375em;"><a href="https://www.mackinac.org/S1999-03" style="text-decoration-line: none;">How Reliable Are Michigan High School Economics Textbooks?</a></h3>June 1, 1999<a href="https://www.mackinac.org/S1999-03" style="">Read more</a></div></div><div data-article-id="238" class="article colored-links" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; max-width: 24em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="title"><h3 style="line-height: 1.125; margin: 0px 0px 0.375em;"><a href="https://www.mackinac.org/S1996-01" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Are Michigan's History Textbooks Reliable?</a></h3>January 1, 1996<a href="https://www.mackinac.org/S1996-01" style="">Read more</a></div></div>Articles 
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</div><div><a href="https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-feb-12-la-na-history-fdr-20110213-story.html">https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-feb-12-la-na-history-fdr-20110213-story.html</a></div><div>
</div><div>raw deal bk</div><div><div class="ArticlePage-byline" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: center; justify-content: normal; margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 680px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="ArticlePage-bylineText" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; margin-right: 10px; line-height: 1.2; display: inline;">MARK Z. BARABAK, LOS ANGELES TIMES</div><div class="ArticlePage-datePublished" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 1.2; text-transform: uppercase; word-break: keep-all; margin-right: 5px;"><div class="ArticlePage-datePublished-day" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; white-space: nowrap;">FEB. 12, 2011</div> <div class="ArticlePage-datePublished-time" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 5px;">12 AM</div></div></div><div class="ArticlePage-articleContainer" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 680px; margin: 0px auto;"><div class="ArticlePage-articleBody" data-dateline="" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box;">Reporting from Dunwoody, Ga. — <div class="RichTextArticleBody" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline;"> <div class="RichTextArticleBody-body RichTextBody" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.67; display: inline;">For more than half a century, biographers have treated Franklin Delano Roosevelt with Rushmore-like reverence, celebrating the nation’s 32nd president as a colossus who eased the agony of the Great Depression and saved democracy from Nazi Germany.Which never sat right with historian Burton Folsom Jr.Growing up in Nebraska, Folsom remembers, his dad, a savings and loan executive, griped about high taxes and Roosevelt’s voracious ambition. FDR was dead, but his legacy — deficit spending, an activist federal government, an expansive social safety net — lived on.About 15 years ago, Folsom read another of those historical surveys, this one placing Roosevelt on par with Abraham Lincoln and George Washington. “As a matter of my professional integrity,” Folsom said, “I had to respond.”<div class="Enhancement" data-align-center="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 30px 0px; width: 680px;">The result was “New Deal or Raw Deal?,” a scathing 300-page counter-narrative that has made Folsom a conservative hero and placed him squarely in the midst of a roiling debate over America’s past, the nature of history and, some say, its manipulation for political ends.It is an ancient debate spurred anew by the rise of the “tea party” movement, which treats the Constitution as both cudgel and sacred text; by TV commentators such as Glenn Beck, who wrap their ideology in selective scholarship; and by a current vogue among conservatives eager not just to revisit the past but to rewrite it.Many tea partyers, for instance, speak as though the Founders favored a small, circumscribed federal government, when in fact some wanted a more powerful Washington than we have today. (James Madison proposed a national veto over state laws.) In a recent speech, Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-Minn.) extolled the Founding Fathers’ efforts to end slavery, when they actually made inequality the law, passing legislation counting blacks as three-fifths of a person.Misleading or not, the revisionism represents a scramble for the high ground; in a country that reveres its history — even as we endlessly fight over its meaning — there are few more powerful arguments than precedent.<div id="nativo_1" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="Enhancement" data-align-center="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 30px 0px; width: 680px;">“We’re not discussing how many economic-stimulus plans we can balance on the head of a pin,” said the University of New Mexico’s Jason Scott Smith. “There can be real-world consequences to the lessons we attempt to take from history.”Some scholars, however, worry the debate has been poisoned by the same attitude afflicting political discourse: the notion that truth and virtue reside on one side, and those who disagree are not just wrong but un-American. In a new book, Harvard’s Jill Lepore condemns what she calls “historical fundamentalism,” a belief that “a particular and quite narrowly defined past” should be worshiped, unquestioned, above all others.“There’s an opportunity for an interesting national conversation about what the past means to us,” Lepore said. “But it needs to be a respectful conversation.”That would seem to exclude the likes of Beck, who routinely heaps opprobrium on FDR — “one evil son-of-a-bitch"; Woodrow Wilson — the No. 1 “president you need to hate"; and other demons on the left. “Trained historians try to take seriously the complexities of the past … and not just reduce people to archvillains,” said Randall Stephens, an Eastern Nazarene College professor who edits Historically Speaking, a trade journal.Folsom, whose book is a tea party must-read, is no armchair analyst. He holds a doctorate in history, and he spent 10 years on research and compiled 40 pages of footnotes that, even critics say, attest to the depth of his research.Most historians agree the New Deal did not solve the economic crisis that began in 1929 and lasted until the U.S. entry into World War II. Many believe, however, that Roosevelt’s actions mitigated the suffering of many millions of Americans.Further, they say, the New Deal’s foundation helped make the U.S. the world’s richest, most powerful nation. “The record of the edifice built by Roosevelt is mind-boggling,” said Andrew W. Cohen, a New Deal scholar at Syracuse University.Folsom, an avid free-marketeer, couldn’t disagree more. He says Roosevelt’s policies not only failed — undermining business, worsening unemployment, contributing to higher crime and increased suicide rates — but, handed down, choke our economy to this day.<div class="Enhancement" data-align-center="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 30px 0px; width: 680px;">At 63, in square, rimless glasses and an argyle sweater, Folsom is professorial in both demeanor and dress: pleasant, unassuming and unfailingly polite. He is not one to press his point by raising his voice or lacing his arguments with invective.The problem with most histories, Folsom said, is their focus on relief efforts, without serious discussion of their financing. High tax rates, approaching 80% of income on the wealthy, stifled entrepreneurs, he said, and were — to use a modern phrase — “a job killer.”“That argument might resonate in today’s environment,” countered Smith, but not so much in the 1930s, when only 3% of households paid income tax.What, he asks, of feats like Hoover Dam, the Triborough Bridge and the span between Oakland and San Francisco? Those sorts of public works not only created jobs, Smith said, but built a scaffolding that still buttresses our economy.Those projects had merit, Folsom agreed, but all the government did was elbow out private industry, adding layers of inefficiency, corruption and cost. “The good things that are there would have happened and, I think, in greater abundance without the New Deal,” he said.Folsom has not won fame or riches with his FDR indictment. But it raised Folsom’s profile on TV and the lecture circuit, affording the luxury of teaching half a year at Michigan’s Hillsdale College, a conservative citadel, and spending winters outside Atlanta, near his adult son. He is writing a second Roosevelt book with his wife, Anita, criticizing his role during World War II.Folsom knows that many dismiss his work as little more than conservative polemic. “I think the story I tell is the right story,” he said, as soft winter light filtered into his living room. “I want to present something that’s going to endure, and to endure you have to be accurate. You have to have something that’s going to be compelling 40, 50 years from now.”In other words, he suggested, history will judge.</div></div></div></div></div><div></div><div>qz</div><div>From Saturday through today (August 1), industrialist billionaires David and Charles Koch <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/koch-donors-gather-for-weekend-retreat/2016/07/30/6d92ee98-56b7-11e6-b652-315ae5d4d4dd_story.html" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s;">are hosting a retreat</a> in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The roughly 400 select donors to Koch-approved political organizations gather bi-annually to discuss policy efforts and hear from guest politicians.Paul Ryan, speaker of the US House of Representatives, addressed the retreat this year, <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/30/politics/koch-retreat-paul-ryan/" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s;">reports CNN.</a> Charles Koch said he would “certainly” not be supporting Hillary Clinton, nor funding Donald Trump. According to Time, the group has <a href="http://time.com/4432409/charles-koch-hillary-clinton-blood-libel/" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s;">a budget of $750 million</a> this year.Between panel discussions, attendees were invited to catch up on their reading, according to a tweet from CNN’s Teddy Schleifer. A photo from him shows <a href="https://twitter.com/teddyschleifer/status/759831235900248064" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s;">book request cards</a> for 48 titles about politics, freedom, business, and fossil fuels.Books that attendees can request to have sent to them include:<ul class="487dc quartz" style="margin-bottom: 30px; list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0px;"><li style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin-bottom: 22px; line-height: 1.5; padding-left: 32px;">Abundance: The Future is Better Than You Think, by Peter Diamandis and Steven Kotler (2012)
Peter Diamandis, cofounder of <a href="http://singularityu.org/" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s;">Singularity University</a>, and journalist Steven Kotler lay out their optimism about the era of abundance, in which all people will be able to have their basic needs met.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 22px; line-height: 1.5; padding-left: 32px;">The Myth of the Robber Barons: A New Look at the Rise of Big Business in America, by Burton W. Folsom, Jr. (1987)
Historian Burton W. Folsom, Jr. defends “market entrepreneurs” like Cornelius Vanderbilt and John D. Rockefeller, who he believes are wrongly criticized as ”robber barons.”</li><li style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin-bottom: 22px; line-height: 1.5; padding-left: 32px;">Superpower: Three Choices for America’s Role in the World, by Ian Bremmer (2015)
Writer and political risk expert Ian Bremmer outlines his criticism of American political strategy (or lack thereof), and offers three possibilities for the US’s future role in the world.</li><li style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin-bottom: 22px; line-height: 1.5; padding-left: 32px;">My Bondage and My Freedom, by Frederick Douglass (1855)
The second volume of abolitionist Frederick Douglass’s autobiography, in which he recounts his journey from slave to freeman and condemns the system of slavery.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 22px; line-height: 1.5; padding-left: 32px;">Fueling Freedom: Exposing the Mad War on Energy, by Stephen Moore and Kathleen Hartnett White (2016)
Economics writer Stephen Moore and energy expert Kathleen Hartnett White ”make an <a href="http://www.regnery.com/books/fueling-freedom/" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s;">unapologetic case</a> for fossil fuels.”</li></ul>Here’s the book list in full:</div><div></div><div>shows up on scary number of cheat sites</div><div></div><div>sum rev</div><div>
</div><div><a href="https://medium.com/titansofinvesting/the-myth-of-the-robber-barons-2fec4b01a45f">https://medium.com/titansofinvesting/the-myth-of-the-robber-barons-2fec4b01a45f</a></div><div>
</div><div></div><div><a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?463485-2/the-myth-robber-barons">https://www.c-span.org/video/?463485-2/the-myth-robber-barons</a></div><div>
</div><div>3 myths: gov't caused gt dep, fdr new deal did not help, AAA farmers paid not to grow, just used $ for fert which upped am't food 3 --? fdr wanted 100.6% tax (slippage for gt dep to wwII)</div><div>
</div><div><span class="time" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; display: block; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><time style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">AUGUST 2, 2019</time><h1 class="video-page-title" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 2px 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Myth of the Robber Barons</h1><div class="initial" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="https://www.c-span.org/organization/?34919/Hillsdale-College" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.35s ease 0s; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Hillsdale College</a>’s <a href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?burtonfolsom" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.35s ease 0s; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Burt Folsom </a>talked about his book, The Myth of the Robber Barons: A New Look at the Rise of Big Business in America, in which he discussed the rise of big business in America.</div></div><div class="initial" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">---</div><div class="initial" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="https://fee.org/articles/how-the-myth-of-the-robber-barons-began-and-why-it-persists/">https://fee.org/articles/how-the-myth-of-the-robber-barons-began-and-why-it-persists/</a></div><div class="initial" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Note from the President: Burton W. Folsom is more than just my favorite historian. He’s also one of my very best friends. So I admit to some personal bias when I endorse his classic book, <a rel="noopener" href="https://amzn.to/2PRqz8N" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">The Myth of the Robber Barons</a>, published by Young America's Foundation, as I’ve done on dozens of occasions. But even if I didn’t know him or didn’t like him, I would still say that it’s one of the best, most insightful books on American business and political history of the last century. The distinction he draws out between “market entrepreneurs” and “political entrepreneurs” has permanently altered historical interpretations of a crucial era in our past—for the better and with increasing effect as the years have gone by since the book’s first edition in 1991.</div>Now, a new edition—the eighth—makes its appearance with a new final chapter, excerpted here. What you’ll read below is about a third of that chapter, but it’s an excellent sample. Here, Dr. Folsom explores the question of how and why so many historians get the “robber baron” era precisely wrong, with a special focus on the deleterious impact of Matthew Josephson and his error-filled but influential book from the 1930s.--- Lawrence W. Reed, President, Foundation for Economic Education<h2 id="link-0" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 40px 0px 15px; line-height: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Capitalism Worked, but We Were Told It Didn't</h2>We study history to learn from it. If we can discover what worked and what didn’t work, we can use this knowledge wisely to create a better future. Studying the triumph of American industry, for example, is important because it is the story of how the United States became the world’s leading economic power. <span class="rte-quote" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 365px; float: right; margin: 15px 0px 18px 80px; line-height: 30.4px; font-weight: 600; border-top: 0.75px solid rgb(188, 190, 192); border-bottom: 0.75px solid rgb(188, 190, 192); padding: 50px 0px 25px;">Free markets worked well; government intervention usually failed.The years when this happened, from 1865 to the early 1900s, saw the U.S. encourage entrepreneurs indirectly by limiting government. Slavery was abolished and so was the income tax. Federal spending was slashed and federal budgets had surpluses almost every year in the late 1800s. In other words, the federal government created more freedom and a stable marketplace in which entrepreneurs could operate.To some extent, during the late 1800s—a period historians call the “Gilded Age”—American politicians learned from the past. They had dabbled in federal subsidies from steamships to transcontinental railroads, and those experiments dismally failed. Politicians then turned to free markets as a better strategy for economic development. The world-dominating achievements of <a rel="noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Cornelius Vanderbilt</a>, <a rel="noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_J.Hill" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">James J. Hill</a>, <a rel="noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">John D. Rockefeller</a>, and Charles Schwab validated America’s unprecedented limited government. And when politicians sometimes veered off course later with government interventions for tariffs, high income taxes, anti-trust laws, and an effort to run a steel plant to make armor for war—the results again often hindered American economic progress. Free markets worked well; government intervention usually failed.Why is it, then, that for so many years, most historians have been teaching the opposite lesson? They have made no distinction between political entrepreneurs, who tried to succeed through federal aid, and market entrepreneurs, who avoided subsidies and sought to create better products at lower prices. Instead, most historians have preached that many, if not all, entrepreneurs were “robber barons.” They did not enrich the U.S. with their investments; instead, they bilked the public and corrupted political and economic life in America. Therefore, government intervention in the economy was needed to save the country from these greedy businessmen.<h2 id="link-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 40px 0px 15px; line-height: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Profound Influence of Anti-Capitalists </h2>The catalyst for this negative view of American entrepreneurs was historian <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matthew-Josephson" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Matthew Josephson</a>, who wrote a landmark book, The Robber Barons. Josephson, the son of a Jewish banker, grew up in New York and graduated from Columbia University, where he was inspired in the classroom by <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-A-Beard" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Charles Beard</a>, America’s foremost progressive historian—and a man sympathetic to socialism. “Beard was nothing less than a spellbinder,” Josephson recalled, and Beard’s lectures helped guide him on a path to radical politics.....<div>=<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output">Burton W. Folsom Jr. (born 1947 in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nebraska</a>) is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historian" title="Historian" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">historian</a> and author who held the Charles F. Kline chair in history and management at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hillsdale College</a> from 2003 until his retirement in December 2016.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="background: none; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3;">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox" style="cursor: pointer;" /></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#Biography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1Biography</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#Academic_contributions" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2Academic contributions</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#Bibliography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3Bibliography</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#Articles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.1Articles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#Books" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.2Books</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#Footnotes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4Footnotes</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Biography[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Biography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">edit</a>]</h2>Folsom received his BA from Indiana University in 1970, his M.A. from the University of Nebraska in 1973, and his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">doctorate</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History" title="History" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">history</a> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Pittsburgh</a> in 1976. Since 1988 he has edited Continuity: A Journal of History. He is a frequent columnist in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">libertarian</a> Freeman magazine and also contributes to other publications, writing in favor of free market economics and limited government. He taught American history at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_State_University" title="Murray State University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Murray State University</a> (KY) from 1976 to 1994.Folsom is a former associate of the Free Enterprise Institute and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackinac_Center_for_Public_Policy" title="Mackinac Center for Public Policy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mackinac Center for Public Policy</a>, both <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">free market</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think_tanks" class="mw-redirect" title="Think tanks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">think tanks</a>, and a frequent guest of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">libertarian</a> organization <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_for_Economic_Education" title="Foundation for Economic Education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Foundation for Economic Education</a>.<h2 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Academic contributions[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Academic contributions" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">edit</a>]</h2>Folsom has written several books that argue against commonly held views about the role of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">capitalism</a> in the social developments of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Industrial Revolution</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gilded Age</a>. He believes the term <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robber_baron(industrialist)" title="Robber baron (industrialist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">robber barons</a> is a misnomer, and that many leaders in big business were constructive visionaries who benefited consumers and were integral to the development of industry.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a>In his book The Myth of the Robber Barons, Folsom distinguishes between political entrepreneurs, who ran <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inefficiency" title="Inefficiency" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">inefficient</a> businesses supported by government favors, and market entrepreneurs, who succeeded by providing better and lower-cost products or services, usually while facing vigorous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition" title="Competition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">competition</a>.Folsom identifies the following people as market entrepreneurs:<ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor" title="John Jacob Astor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John Jacob Astor</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_J.Hill" title="James J. Hill" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">James J. Hill</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John D. Rockefeller</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_M.Schwab" title="Charles M. Schwab" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Charles M. Schwab</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Cornelius Vanderbilt</a></li></ul>He regards these people as political entrepreneurs:<ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert Fulton</a>: steamboat inventor and submarine designer.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_McKenney" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas McKenney" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thomas McKenney</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Villard" title="Henry Villard" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Henry Villard</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Warren Buffett</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></li></ul>Folsom writes about economics and US history for several large publications, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Wall Street Journal</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Review</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_note-WSJ2010-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_note-NatRev2011-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a> In a 2010 Wall Street Journal editorial, Folsom argues that the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">New Deal</a> did not contribute to economic recovery and may have actually exacerbated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Great Depression</a>. Folsom argues that the New Deal did little more than trade temporary poverty relief for crippling tax rates and mountains of debt, and that the post-war recovery is best attributed to the rollback of taxes and regulations imposed under the New Deal.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_note-WSJ2010-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a>Folsom has created several short videos for the conservative educational website <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prager_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Prager University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Prager University</a>. His lessons focus on the history of American economic development and entrepreneurs such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John D. Rockefeller</a>:<ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHfsk8iL_C0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Why Is America So Rich?</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Xg4Uq1W4L8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Why Private Investment Works and Government Investment Doesn't</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYqrFBm7qdA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Rockefeller: The Richest American Who Ever Lived</a></li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Bibliography[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Bibliography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">edit</a>]</h2><h3 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Articles[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Articles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">edit</a>]</h3><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"The Politics of Elites: Prominence and Party in Davidson County, Tennessee, 1835-1861." Journal of Southern History 39.3 (1973): 359-378. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2206256" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">online</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"Party Formation and Development in Jacksonian America: The Old South." Journal of American Studies 7.3 (1973): 217-229.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"Entrepreneurs and City Growth: Scranton and Carbondale as Case Studies." Business and Economic History (1980): 124-127.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"Like Fathers, Unlike Sons: The Fall of the Business Elite in Scranton, Pennsylvania, 1880–1920." Pennsylvania History 47.4 (1980): 291-309. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.psu.edu/index.php/phj/article/download/24197/23966" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">online</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"Tinkerers, Tipplers, and Traitors: Ethnicity and Democratic Reform in Nebraska during the Progressive Era." Pacific Historical Review 50.1 (1981): 53-75. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3639338" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">online</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"Immigrant Voters and the Nonpartisan League in Nebraska, 1917-1920." Great Plains Quarterly (1981): 159-168. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2905&context=greatplainsquarterly" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">online</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"The Minimum Wage's Disreputable Origins." Wall Street Journal (1998): A-22.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boudreaux, Donald J., and Burton W. Folsom. "Microsoft and Standard Oil: Radical lessons for antitrust reform." The Antitrust Bulletin 44.3 (1999): 555-576.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">McCormick, Blaine, and Burton W. Folsom. "A survey of business historians on America's greatest entrepreneurs." Business History Review 77.4 (2003): 703-716.</li></ul><h3 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Books[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Books" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">edit</a>]</h3><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Entrepreneurs vs. the State (1989) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89526-573-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89526-573-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-89526-573-7</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The Myth of the Robber Barons (1993) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9630203-1-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9630203-1-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-9630203-1-5</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Empire Builders: How Michigan Entrepreneurs Helped Make America Great (1998) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-890394-06-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-890394-06-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1-890394-06-8</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">No More Free Markets or Free Beer: The Progressive Era in Nebraska, 1900–1924 (1999) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7391-0014-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7391-0014-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-7391-0014-9</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Urban Capitalists: Entrepreneurs and City Growth in Pennsylvania's Lackawanna and Lehigh Regions 1800–1920 (2005) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940866-94-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-940866-94-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-940866-94-3</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">New Deal or Raw Deal?: How FDR's Economic Legacy Has Damaged America (2008) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4165-9222-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4165-9222-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1-4165-9222-9</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">FDR Goes to War: How Expanded Executive Power, Spiraling National Debt, and Restricted Civil Liberties Shaped Wartime America, 2011, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-8320-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-8320-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">978-1-4391-8320-5</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">A Republic – If We Can Keep It (with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Reed" title="Lawrence Reed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lawrence Reed</a>, CreateSpace, 2012)<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Footnotes[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.&action=edit&section=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Footnotes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Novelly, Thomas (2016-10-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hillsdalecollegian.com/2016/10/folsom-retire-december/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Folsom to retire in December"</a>. Hillsdale Collegian. Retrieved 2018-12-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hillsdale+Collegian&rft.atitle=Folsom+to+retire+in+December&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft.aulast=Novelly&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhillsdalecollegian.com%2F2016%2F10%2Ffolsom-retire-december%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurton+W.+Folsom+Jr." class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_ref-2" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Vw6uF2LdZw" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">The Myth of the Robber Barons with Burt Folsom</a> on  Freedom University: History Summer Seminar June 30, 2011. Retrieved July 22 2011</li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Folsom's talk to The National Conservative Student Conference, on Monday, August 4, 2008</li><li id="cite_note-WSJ2010-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_ref-WSJ2010_4-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_ref-WSJ2010_4-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Folsom, Burton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304024604575173632046893848" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Did FDR End the Depression?"</a>. The Wall Street Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Did+FDR+End+the+Depression%3F&rft.aulast=Folsom&rft.aufirst=Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052702304024604575173632046893848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurton+W.+Folsom+Jr." class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-NatRev2011-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_ref-NatRev2011_5-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Folsom, Burton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/273770/two-forces-work-us-one-good-and-one-bad-burt-folsom" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Two Forces at Work in the US: One Good, One Bad"</a>. The National Review.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Review&rft.atitle=Two+Forces+at+Work+in+the+US%3A+One+Good%2C+One+Bad&rft.aulast=Folsom&rft.aufirst=Burton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Fcorner%2F273770%2Ftwo-forces-work-us-one-good-and-one-bad-burt-folsom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurton+W.+Folsom+Jr." class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_W.Folsom_Jr.#cite_ref-6" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.createspace.com/3730352" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">A Republic – If We Can Keep It</a></li></ol></div></div><h2 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">External links[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burton_W._Folsom_Jr.&action=edit&section=7&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?burtonfolsom" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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