schnare bak

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/29/bitter-legal-fight-between-climate-deniers-ends-630-000-transfer-new-group-targeting-climate-scientists-and"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.desmogblog.co<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">m/2018/11/29/</span>bitter-legal-fight-between-climate-deniers-ends-630-000-transfer-new-group-targeting-climate-scientists-and</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A bitter court battle between climate science deniers known for pursuing scientists with legal demands for their emails has ended with a former Trump <span class="caps" style="">EPA</span> official releasing $630,000 to his former colleagues.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A dispute over the assets, legal status and ultimate control of the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/free-market-environmental-law-clinic" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Free Market Environmental Law Clinic</a> (<span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>) began in late 2017, sparking two lawsuits against the clinic’s co-founder, <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" style="text-decoration-line: none;">David Schnare</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare and former <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> colleague <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/chris-horner" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Christopher Horner</a> have worked together, sometimes through another group, the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Energy <span class="amp">&</span> Environment Legal Institute</a> (<span class="caps" style="">EELI</span>), to file multiple requests for the emails of scientists and state and federal officials working on climate change.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Both Schnare and Horner, who is a senior fellow at the fossil fuel-funded <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/competitive-enterprise-institute" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>, <a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060047057" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">were part of Trump’s <span class="caps" style="">EPA</span></a> “landing team.” Schnare went on to join a “beachhead” <span class="caps" style="">EPA</span> team, but <a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">quit during former administrator Scott Pruitt’s tenure</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But Schnare and Horner’s relationship turned very sour. Schnare had admitted to making mistakes when incorporating the group after new board member Matthew Hardin, an associate of Horner’s, had asked to see <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>’s banking information.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In two suits that followed, Schnare was accused of financial misconduct, of trying to conceal the group’s financial history, and then of demanding payments in return for staying quiet.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare denied all of the allegations, both publicly and in responses put before the courts.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But now DeSmog can reveal that all cases have been closed, after it was agreed Schnare would release $630,000 to Horner and Hardin’s new venture called <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/government-accountability-and-oversight" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Government Accountability and Oversight</a> — <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/05/15/pence-coal-funded-lawyer-chris-horner-climate-litigation-watch-attack" style="text-decoration-line: none;">a group that pursues the same targets</a>, with a further focus on climate change campaigners and lawyers.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DeSmog contributor <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/27/david-schnare-forced-to-disgorge-dark-money-from-fmelc-piggy-bank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">John Mashey first obtained the court documents</a> showing the settlement.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In an email, Schnare told DeSmog the dispute was now closed, but claimed the settlement had “memorialized” his denials, which he claimed had not been disputed.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He added the settlement, finalized in August but being reported here for the first time, came after he threatened to challenge in court the allegations against him.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="dquo" style="margin-left: 0px;">“</span>They (the allegations) were without foundation. Horner <em>et al</em> settled because we were about to go before a judge and document that none of them were true. Basically, we let him off the hook.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="dquo" style="margin-left: 0px;">“</span>This case is an example of what happens to a law partnership when the partners end up unhappy with each other. No one at <span class="caps" style="">FME</span> Law wanted to work with Horner any longer. So, we let him go and gave him some of the capital so he could start over on his own,” Schnare told DeSmog.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<span class="caps" style="">FME</span> Law is finishing up its current caseload and then will close, the remainder of us either retiring or going on to new opportunities.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hardin disputes Schnare’s version of events. Hardin is currently the elected Republican district attorney for Greene County, Virginia, a role known in Virginia as the <a href="http://www.greenecountyva.gov/government/local/commonwealth-attorney" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Commonwealth Attorney</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Responding to Schnare’s statement, Hardin told DeSmog in an email the two lawsuits brought by the <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> board “accurately detail what happened.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He wrote: “Mr. Schnare's settlement was to get out from under those suits. His comments to you seem to bear no relation to either the suits or the settlement.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hardin also revealed that on January 27, 2018, he had written to Virginia’s Attorney General Mark Herring and an investigator at Virginia’s Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, inviting them to investigate “governing board irregularities, and possible extortion” at <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>. This came, according to Hardin’s letter, after Schnare had himself threatened to complain to the Virginia Attorney General, who is a Democrat.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/img20181128_08335797.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">documents provided to DeSmog</a>, Hardin also revealed he had requested the <span class="caps" style="">IRS</span> investigate <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> and showed copies of the <span class="caps" style="">IRS</span> referral and the letter to authorities in Virginia.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hardin said he was not aware if any of the authorities had taken any further action, “but I didn’t expect to hear anything,” he added.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Horner did not respond to questions. Horner has previously <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2016/12/21/awkward-moment-trump-epa-aide-christopher-horner-didnt-want-talk-coal-funding" style="text-decoration-line: none;">avoided questions from DeSmog about his coal funding.</a></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In <a href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/66-Free-Market-Environmental-Law-Clinic-complaint/db267d248f264e374a5d/optimized/full.pdf#page=1" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">one of the civil cases</a>, now closed, Hardin, as chairman of <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>’s board, had sued Schnare for $1 million, alleging he had badly botched the process of incorporating <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> as a 501(c)(3) when it was first formed in 2011.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare, it was alleged, had refused to let anyone view <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>’s financial history, and had asked for a payout from the group with a promise to “keep things quiet.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In an <a href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/70-schnare-email-about-significan/6c335f6d570969292087/optimized/full.pdf#page=2" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">email to Horner</a>, revealed by <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/climate/climate-emails-group-lawsuit.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">The New York Times</a>, Schnare said he had made “some significant errors when preparing the by-laws and related papers” for <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="dquo" style="margin-left: 0px;">“</span>I admit I don't know what exactly is wrong or how best to fix the matter,” Schnare wrote in the December 2017 email.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When several coal companies filed for bankruptcy in 2015 and 2016, it was <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2015/08/27/scientists-not-surprised-climate-denialist-lawyer-christopher-horner-has-financial-ties-alpha-coal-company" style="text-decoration-line: none;">revealed that <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>, <span class="caps" style="">EELI</span>, and Horner</a> had all received funding from those struggling fossil fuel companies, including Alpha Natural Resources, Arch Coal, and Peabody Energy.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scientists <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2015/08/27/scientists-not-surprised-climate-denialist-lawyer-christopher-horner-has-financial-ties-alpha-coal-company" style="text-decoration-line: none;">targeted by Horner and Schnare’s efforts</a> include Penn State University’s Professor Michael Mann, Dr. James Hansen, <span class="caps" style="">NASA</span>’s Gavin Schmidt, Texas Tech University’s Professor Katherine Hayhoe and Texas <span class="caps" style="">A&M</span> University’s Professor Andrew Dessler.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lauren Kurtz, executive director of the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund, a group supporting scientists that have been targeted, told DeSmog: “The recent court cases against Schnare and <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> show that they have sought to avoid even basic levels of accountability, all the while making careers out of subjecting scientists to bogus fishing expeditions in the name of 'transparency.'”</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/27/david-schnare-forced-to-disgorge-dark-money-from-fmelc-piggy-bank"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/27/david-schnare-forced-to-disgorge-dark-money-from-fmelc-piggy-bank</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">mashey 11/18</font></div><div><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lawyer <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">David Schnare</a> has made a career of suing and harassing climate scientists, abusing the Freedom of Information Act (<span class="caps" style="">FOIA</span>) to demand masses of scientists’ emails and wasting people’s time.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Much of this work has been executed via a dark money-funded 501(c)(3) “public charity” called the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Energy <span class="amp">&</span> Environment Legal Institute (</a><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="caps" style="">EELI</span></a><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">)</a>, where he was General Counsel among other roles. </font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare’s work at <span class="caps" style="">EELI</span> was often in conjunction with another shadowy group he founded, the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/free-market-environmental-law-clinic" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Free Market Environmental Law Clinic (<span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>)</a>, which he co-founded in 2011 with long-time associate <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/chris-horner" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Chris Horner</a>. These two groups dispute the scientific reality of climate change, and have made a business of targeting climate scientists with invasive and harassing lawsuits.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> recently imploded in spectacular fashion. Embroiled in multiple lawsuits and mired in infighting, the operation and legality of the “public charity” <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> have been in heated dispute.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Recently, Schnare was ordered to disgorge $630,000 from <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>, whose bank account he is alleged to have used as his own personal bank.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While the source of all this money is unknown, Schnare and his groups have historically been bankrolled by fossil fuel interests, including <a href="https://theintercept.com/2015/08/25/chris-horner-coal/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Alpha Natural Resources,</a> <a href="http://www.prwatch.org/news/2016/02/13049/bankruptcy-documents-indicate-arch-coal-funding-climate-denial-legal-group" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Arch Coal</a>, <a href="http://www.prwatch.org/news/2016/06/13114/peabody-coal-bankruptcy-reveals-extensive-funding-climate-denial-network" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Peabody Energy</a>, and others undisclosed via the “dark money <span class="caps" style="">ATM</span>” Donors Trust. (More on what we know about the funding sources is below.)</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What did they need all this money for? As part of their campaign of harassment, for many years, Schnare, <span class="caps" style="">EELI</span>, and <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>have pursued a <a href="https://eelegal.org/ee-legal-vs-uofa/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">court case </a>against the University of Arizona and climate scientists Malcolm Hughes and Jonathan Overpeck, seeking the release of the scientists' emails regarding their involvement in the development of peer-reviewed papers regarding the climate “hockey stick” circa 1999. This lawsuit is yet one more in an endless stream of denier attacks on the well-established temperature record science.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Now, <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> has been consumed in its own litigation, a voluminous, mind-numbing legal battle between Schnare and another lawyer, Matthew Hardin, over the legal control of <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> and its financial assets. The court filings were first summarized by:</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lachlan Markey, <em>Daily Beast, </em><a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/ex-epa-officials-legal-advocacy-outfit-embroiled-in-vicious-leadership-struggle" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Ex-<span class="caps" style="">EPA</span> Official’s Legal Advocacy Outfit Embroiled in Vicious Leadership Struggle</a> </font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">and John Schwartz, <em><span class="caps" style="">NY</span> Times,</em> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/climate/climate-emails-group-lawsuit.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">He Sues to Discredit Climate Scientists. Now He’s Being Sued by His Allies.</a> Schwartz's article begins:</font></p><p class="rteindent1" style="margin: 1em 0px 1em 40px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="dquo" style="margin-left: 0px;">“</span>David Schnare’s conservative legal group seeks to expose science fraud. But it appears to be imploding amid allegations of financial mismanagement, attempted extortion and faked documents.
… 
The legal battle sprawls across three civil lawsuits filed against Mr. Schnare by Matthew Hardin, 28, the chairman of Free Market’s board. Neither side recognized the other’s claim of control, so the fight began with Free Market essentially suing itself.
If that sounds confusing, it certainly was to Chief Judge Bruce D. White of Fairfax County Circuit Court. “We have a plaintiff and defendant who are the same party,” he said at a brief hearing here last month. “That’s not something I see every day.””</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Below is a timeline of the development of <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> — originally called the George Mason Environmental Law Clinic (<span class="caps" style="">GMELC</span>) — in which I note the confusing course of events. As far as I can surmise, Schnare was essentially the sole practitioner behind <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>, and effectively subcontracting to <span class="caps" style="">EELI</span> in various roles, presumably getting paid, but also transferring money from <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span> to <span class="caps" style="">EELI</span>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The money flows are murky, and many questions remain about this activity. Schnare repeatedly obfuscated <span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span>'s financial information, but some clarity can be obtained by reviewing the court filings and <span class="caps" style="">IRS</span> Form 990s.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></p></div><div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">---</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://dailycaller.com/2019/02/15/green-new-deal-trump/">https://dailycaller.com/2019/02/15/green-new-deal-trump/</a></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">no lnx</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">BS</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">WHY WAS LIBERAL BILLIONAIRE TOM STEYER SO QUIET ABOUT HIS SUPPORT FOR THE GREEN NEW DEAL?</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">5:11 PM 02/15/2019 | ENERGY</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Chris White | Energy Reporter</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Analysts say they are not surprised that billionaire Tom Steyer is staying mum on the Green New Deal given the plan’s recent stumbles.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Liberal megadonor Steyer is laying low on the Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s Green New Deal as Democratic presidential hopefuls line up behind the plan.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Steyer appears to be focusing on impeaching President Donald Trump over championing Ocasio-Cortez’s Green New Deal.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Billionaire Tom Steyer is keeping a low profile with respect to his support for the Democratic Party’s Green New Deal. It’s an unusual position for one of the environmentalist movement’s biggest advocates.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Steyer has stayed mum on an all-encompassing climate resolution that promises to completely remake the American economy. He’s given faint praise for the GND in a tweet and a few sparse press statements, but the Democratic megadonor is instead focusing on impeaching the president.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The climate resolution, which was rolled out by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez on Feb. 7, calls for “10-year national mobilizations” toward a series of goals aimed at fighting global warming. A separate fact sheet claims the plan would “mobilize every aspect of American society.” Steyer’s relative inaction comes as critics slam the GND’s coming out party.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Ocasio-Cortez’s office provided NPR the GND resolution and its accompanying FAQ document that laid out its goals, namely to “[m]ove America to 100% clean and renewable energy” within 10 years. The FAQ document dump turned into a millstone around Democrat’s proverbial necks.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Among other things, the document claimed that Americans must “upgrade or replace every building in US for state-of-the-art energy efficiency,” if they are to rid the country and world of all forms of pollution and greenhouse gases. It also stated that the GND would provide benefits for people “unwilling to work.”</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Ocasio-Cortez’s staff was forced to ding the document from the website and clarify the lawmaker’s position. The drama unfolded less than a day after the Feb. 7 rollout of the now-beleaguered deal. Steyer, for his part, issued a tweet on the day of the rollout cheering the New York Democrat’s ambitious play.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">[kind of bugeyes?</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez speaks to the media about Amazon scrapping its plans to build a new headquarters in Queens, New York, on Capitol Hill February 14, 2019 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">“A real solution proposed in Washington? About time!! Let’s make the liars and deniers explain why this doesn’t HAVE to happen,” he told his Twitter followers at the time. Steyer didn’t mention the GND again until several days later when Democratic Sen. Ed Markey of Massachusetts published a statement on his website noting Steyer’s support.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">“Our society needs to turn dramatically and immediately towards the shared goals of environmental justice, broad-based prosperity and health. The Green New Deal is that turn,” Steyer said in the Feb. 13 statement. Steyer’s political action group NextGen America has not responded to The Daily Caller News Foundation’s request for comment.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Some critics believe it makes sense why the former hedge fund manager is staying mum. Christopher Horner, a senior fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, told TheDCNF that Steyer’s reticence to leap into the fray is probably a smart tactic given the GDN’s controversy.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">“I think I would avoid wide circulation, too,” Horner said, adding “that the same people who couldn’t create a healthcare website apparently can’t even properly post to a website.” He often engages in legal battles against attorneys who sue energy companies over climate change.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Other analysts shared similar sentiments. “He’s calculating. It’s not overly popular,” E&E Legal President Craig Richardson told The DCNF, referring to the GND, which received waives of support from various Democratic presidential candidates.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">“He’s all in on climate program. It’s a trial balloon, so he’s smart enough not to jump into that right away. It’s really not politically expedient to come all the way out for it,” he said of Steyer’s reticence. Richardson’s group is also on the front lines in battles against anti-oil activists.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Steyer is plowing another $6 million into what some Democratic leaders worry is an ill-fated attempt to impeach the president. He decided not to run against President Donald Trump in January, citing concerns about his business dealings and past fossil fuel investments.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">===</font></div><div><h1 class="contents-heading-western"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font style=""><span style="font-weight: normal">Media

Coverage: Chris Horner’s Ties to the Coal Industry</span></font></font></h1><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" size="4">

</font><h1 class="contents-heading-western"><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" size="4">Table of Contents</font></h1>

</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0in"><b><a href="#RefHeading334_2079477994">THE

INTERCEPT 1</a></b>

<b><a href="#RefHeading336_2079477994">GRIST 3</a></b>

<b><a href="#RefHeading338_2079477994">THE

GUARDIAN 5</a></b></p>

</div>

<font style="">THE INTERCEPT</font></a></h1>

<a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/08/25/chris-horner-coal/"><u><b>Attorney

Hounding Climate Scientists Is Covertly Funded By Coal Industry</b></u></a>

<i>Aug.

25 2015</i>

<i>By

Lee Fang</i>

Christopher

Horner, an attorney who <a href="http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0912/07/ec.01.html"><u>claims</u></a>

that the earth is cooling, is known within the scientific

community for hounding climate change researchers with relentless

investigations and public ridicule, often deriding scientists as

“communists” and frauds.

Horner

is a regular guest on Fox News and CNN, and has <a href="http://fmelawclinic.org/?page_id=160"><u>been

affiliated</u></a> with a number

of think tanks and legal organizations over the last decade. He

has called for investigations of climate scientists affiliated with

the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and NASA, and

inundated climate researchers at major universities across the

country with records requests that critics say are designed to

distract them from their work.

New

court documents reveal one source of Horner’s funding: big

coal.

Last

Thursday’s <a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/08/25/coal-giant-bankruptcy-reveals-secret-ties-republican-dark-money-groups/"><u>bankruptcy

filing</u></a> of Alpha

Natural Resources, one of the largest coal companies in America,

includes line items for all of the corporation’s contractors and

grant recipients. Among them are Horner individually at his home

address, as well as the Free Market Environmental Law Clinic, where

he is a senior staff attorney.

Reached

by phone today about his relationship with Alpha Natural

Resources, Horner said he would get back with us. David W. Schnare,

director of the Free Market Environmental Law Clinic, subsequently

emailed a response neither confirming nor denying that Horner or his

organizations have received funding from the coal giant. Schnare

said that “nearly all” his organization’s donors “request

that we not disclose their names” and noted that under IRS

regulations it is not required to do so. Schnare also

stated that “the sources of our funding have no role in which

cases” his organization prosecutes.

The

Alpha Natural Resources filing corroborates the suggestion

in a recent email from chief executives of major coal

firms that they are underwriting Horner’s current work.

early June this year, the Coal & Investment Leadership

Forum, a trade show, sent this message to its email list: “As the

‘war on coal’ continues, I trust that the commitment we have made

to support Chris Horner’s work will eventually create great

awareness of the illegal tactics being employed to pass laws that are

intended to destroy our industry.” The email was signed by Alliance

Resource Partners’ Joe Craft III, Alpha Natural Resources’ Kevin

Crutchfield, Drummond Company’s Gary Drummond, Arch Coal’s John

Eaves and United Coal Co.’s Jim McGlothlin.

Horner

has played a prominent role in the climate science debate for many

years, though he has failed to uncover wrongdoing.

2009, thousands of emails were hacked from climate researchers at the

University of East Anglia. Horner quickly blogged that the

“<a href="http://www.nationalreview.com/planet-gore/14525/blue-dress-moment-may-have-arrived-chris-horner"><u>blue-dress

moment</u></a> may have

arrived” and began appearing on media outlets to claim that the

emails revealed “admissions of falsifying results, collaborating to

subvert and violate the laws” in what he dubbed “Climategate.”

“Climategate”

became a media phenomenon, with prominent politicians declaring that

the emails revealed that climate change is a “<a href="http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0912/08/ltm.03.html"><u>hoax</u></a>.”

The Koch organization Americans for Prosperity traveled to

international climate change negotiations in Copenhagen in 2009 and

<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211133126/http://www.americansforprosperity.org/120809-exposing-hot-air-copenhagen"><u>proclaimed</u></a>

that the emails revealed a “scandal.”

Six

official investigations later <a href="#.VdysfBNViko"><u>cleared</u></a>

the University of East Anglia scientists of accusations of any

wrongdoing.

Horner

has filed numerous records requests for personal emails from climate

scientists and litigated to force universities to comply with his

requests. Horner continued his investigations of climate scientists

earlier this year by filing a records request with John Byrne,

distinguished professor of energy climate policy at the

University of Delaware. The request was made on behalf of the

Free Market Environmental Law Clinic and the Energy & Environment

Legal Institute, where Horner is a senior fellow.

“He

has been instrumental in orchestrating the attacks on climate

scientists over the past decade in the form of vexatious and

frivolous FOIA demands, efforts to force scientists to turn over all

of their personal email,” says Dr. Michael Mann, a climate

scientist <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/02/freedom-to-bully-ucs-2015_0.pdf"><u>targeted</u></a>

by Horner.

Horner

has also often cast scientists as villains. He claimed on Alex

Jones’ program “Infowars” that climate science is a

backdoor strategy for enacting “global governance.” On Fox News,

Horner mysteriously claimed that White House science adviser John

Holdren is “if not borderline communist — communist.”

an interview with <i>The

Intercept</i>, Dr. Gretchen T.

Goldman of the Union of Concerned Scientists said it is

“reprehensible” to learn that coal companies are “funding the

harassment of scientists.”

</p>

<font style="">GRIST</font></a></h1>

<a href="http://grist.org/climate-energy/shocking-prominent-climate-denier-gets-money-from-big-coal/"><b>Shocking:

Prominent climate denier gets money from Big Coal</b></a>

<i>August

26, 2015
By Katie Herzog</i>

Christopher

Horner has made his career fighting climate change, but not in the

way you’re thinking: He’s been fighting the notion that it exists

at all.

Horner

is senior fellow and lawyer for the Competitive Enterprise Institute

— a think tank devoted to promoting free market ideals and less

governmental regulation of industries like tobacco and fossil fuels.

You know, the good guys. Horner is also a vocal climate denier, and

has written books with titles like <i>The

Politically Incorrect Guide to Global Warming (and

Environmentalism) </i>and <i>Red

Hot Lies: How Global Warming Alarmists Use Threats, Fraud, and

Deception to Keep You Misinformed</i>.

He makes regular appearances on Fox News when they need an

expert on the climate change hoax, and his <a href="https://twitter.com/Chris_C_Horner">Twitter

feed</a> looks like a

tween conspiracy theorist’s.

One of

Horner’s preferred tactics is to inundate climate researchers with

records requests so they get too bogged down with his bullshit to do

actual work. He was also an instrumental figure in promoting the

smear campaign known as “<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2011/04/history-of-climategate">Climategate</a>,”

in which thousands of emails and other documents were hacked from a

server at the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East

Anglia in the U.K. Conservative groups and climate deniers used the

documents to allege a systematic attempt on the part of scientists to

defraud the public about the causes of global temperature

increases. Unfortunately for Horner (and the planet), <a href="#cite_note-6committees-15">eight

subsequent investigations</a> revealed

no wrongdoing on the part of the researchers.

The

question is: Why? What drives a seemingly intelligent (or at least

educated) human being to look decades of scientific data in the eye

and go, “Nah. The world is cooling. Definitely cooling.”

Turns

out, it’s money.

The

Intercept analyzed bankruptcy filings of the one of the

largest coal companies in America, Alpha Natural Reserves, and

found line items for Horner’s home and work — suggesting Horner’s

work spouting bullshit about global cooling is paid for by Big Coal

itself. The Intercept’s Lee Fang <a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/08/25/chris-horner-coal/">reports</a>:

The

Alpha Natural Resources filing corroborates the suggestion

in a recent email from chief executives of major coal

firms that they are underwriting Horner’s current work.

early June this year, the Coal & Investment Leadership

Forum, a trade show, sent this message to its email list: “As the

‘war on coal’ continues, I trust that the commitment we have made

to support Chris Horner’s work will eventually create great

awareness of the illegal tactics being employed to pass laws that are

intended to destroy our industry.” The email was signed by Alliance

Resource Partners’ Joe Craft III, Alpha Natural Resources’ Kevin

Crutchfield, Drummond Company’s Gary Drummond, Arch Coal’s John

Eaves and United Coal Co.’s Jim McGlothlin.

Well,

would you look at that. Color us surprised. It’s almost like this

dude cares more about his own wallet and insane political agenda than

he does the fate of this poor spinning planet we call home. Sounds

like he’d make a great presidential candidate.</p>

</h1><h1 class="western"><a name="_Toc302375286" /><a name="RefHeading338_2079477994">

<font style="">THE GUARDIAN</font></a></h1>

<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/political-science/2015/aug/28/digging-into-big-coals-climate-connections">Digging

into big coal's climate connections</a>

The bankruptcy

filings of a Virginia coal firm have shone a rare light on a murky

web of corporate attacks on climate science.

<i>August

28, 2015
By Michael Halpern</i>

Have

you heard about the group that has <a href="http://www.eenews.net/stories/1059993161">abused

open records laws</a> to

harass climate scientists across the United States? The organization

behind <a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2012/07/the-big-money-behind-the-assault-against-sea-level-rise-science-in-north-carolina.html">North

Carolina’s ban on using sea level science</a> to

inform coastal planning? The institution <a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/07/14/3680340/colorado-renewable-energy-decision/">attacking

renewable energy targets</a>?

These

are all activities of the innocuous-sounding Energy and Environment

Legal Institute (E&E Legal). Now, thanks to a <a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/08/25/coal-giant-bankruptcy-reveals-secret-ties-republican-dark-money-groups/">scoop</a> by

Lee Fang at The Intercept, we now know where some of their money

comes from.

It’s

the coal industry.

have known for years that privately funded organizations have

attacked climate scientists, both in the US and the UK, to the extent

that they had to set up a <a href="http://climatesciencedefensefund.org/">legal

defence fund</a>.

But we’ve known little about where their money comes from, beyond

efforts to <a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/10/special-investigation-whos-behind-the-information-attacks-on-climate-scientists.html">connect

the dots</a> between

different groups.

Now,

the bankruptcy filings of <a href="http://www.alphanr.com/Pages/Default.aspx">Alpha

Natural Resources</a>,

a large Virginia-based coal company, provide a rare window into

the <a href="http://www.kccllc.net/alpharestructuring/document/1533896150820000000000002">list

of political and advocacy organizations</a> the

company has funded. E&E Legal (formerly known as the American

Tradition Institute) is one of them. Other recipients include the

Heartland Institute, which <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/whos-the-crazy-one-here">compared

climate scientists to the Unabomber</a>,

the<a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/shell-leaves-alec-840">American

Legislative Exchange Council</a> and

numerous others.

the US, companies are usually not required to disclose this kind of

spending, so public scrutiny is grossly inadequate. Trade

associations and corporate front groups like E&E Legal are

willing to do the dirty work that companies don’t want to associate

themselves with. A recent <a href="#.Vd4JrpdbgXE">Union

of Concerned Scientists analysis</a>found

that utility and energy companies are often unwilling to support

publicly the climate change activities of the trade groups that

represent them.

a <a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/08/25/chris-horner-coal/">follow-up

article</a>,

Fang zeroes in on attorney Chris Horner, who is connected to E&E

Legal and a number of other organizations that have sought to

undermine public understanding of climate science. According to the

filing, Alpha provided money not only to groups with ties to Horner,

but also to Horner personally.

One

of the tactics embraced by Alpha-funded groups, individuals, and

politicians is the harassment of scientists. In 2010, Virginia

Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7295/full/465135b.html">used

an obscure health care fraud law to subpoena</a>emails,

draft research papers, handwritten notes and other documents from the

University of Virginia related to the work of climate scientist

Michael Mann. Even some climate sceptics described this move as

a <a href="http://www.examiner.com/article/global-warming-open-letter-to-virginia-attorney-general-kenneth-cuccinelli">witch

hunt</a>.

The university decided to fight the subpoenas and the case played out

over the course of two years, with the Virginia Supreme

Court <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2012-03-02-ruling.pdf">unanimously

ruling</a> that

Cuccinelli had overstepped his authority.

Alpha <a href="http://www.vpap.org/candidates/45489/donor/110889/?start_year=all&end_year=all&contrib_type=all&order=date">contributed

heavily</a> to

Cuccinelli’s campaigns for attorney general and governor, to the

tune of $163,375 between 2009 and 2013. In 2009, Alpha CEO<a href="http://www.vpap.org/donors/73290-kevin-crutchfield/">Kevin

Crutchfield</a> gave

the campaign a thousand dollars, the maximum individual contribution.

When

it became clear that Cuccinelli was losing in court, E&E

Legal <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/nov/02/climate-change-michael-mann-emails">requested

the exact same documents</a>,

word for word, under Virginia’s Freedom of Information Act. When

the university resisted, this case also went to the Virginia Supreme

Court, which <a href="http://www.courts.state.va.us/opinions/opnscvwp/1130934.pdf">ruled

unanimously</a> that

the university could prevent the disclosure of documents that would

harm the research process.

E&E

Legal has since filed open records requests with universities in

Arizona (where it <a href="http://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2015/03/31/arizona-court-upholds-protections-for-scientific-research-and-correspondence/comment-page-1/">also

lost</a> in

the state supreme court), Texas and Illinois. Yet while they lose

repeatedly, in one way they are successful: they confuse the public

debate, and force universities and scientists to spend hundreds of

thousands of dollars defending themselves. This <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/political-science/2015/may/01/science-harassment-and-the-limits-to-transparency">takes

time away from research and dissuades scientists from public

engagement</a>.

Filings

show that Alpha also funded the Consumer Energy Alliance, an <a href="http://www.salon.com/2011/12/15/big_oil_and_canada_thwarted_u_s_carbon_standards/">oil

industry front group</a>,

and the <a href="http://fmelawclinic.org/?page_id=160">Free

Market Environmental Law Clinic</a>,

which is based at the home of David Schnare, the lead attorney for

E&E Legal’s open records cases.

now we know at least one company directly funds harassment of

scientists. How many others are supporting these attacks? 

Chris

Horner is a go-to guy for a number of coal companies. According to

the Intercept, earlier this summer, the Coal and Investment

Leadership Forum sent an email to its membership list referring to a

“commitment we have made to support Chris Horner’s work.” The

email was signed by representatives of Alpha Natural Resources, Arch

Coal, United Coal, Drummond Company and Alliance Resource Partners.

How

many of these companies (and others who were not signatories to the

email) are sending funds to Horner or to the organizations with which

he is affiliated? The public deserves answers to these questions. And

it shouldn’t take a coal company going bankrupt to bring such

activities to light.

<a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/about/staff/staff/michael-halpern.html"><i>Michael

Halpern</i></a><i> </i><em>(</em><a href="https://twitter.com/halpsci"><i>@halpsci</i></a><em>)

is manager of strategy and innovation for the Center for Science and

Democracy at the</em><i> </i><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/"><i>Union

of Concerned Scientists</i></a><em>.</em></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">GOP in control of the White House and Congress, conservatives are finally poised to mount a coordinated attack on federal environmental regulations — but some of their strength is being sapped by a nasty fight inside one of the movement’s key advocates.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic, which gained notoriety for challenging a host of Obama-era rules, was founded in 2011 and has been home for several pro-Trump figures.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But they’re now feuding amid allegations of extortion, lying to the IRS, harassment and other mismanagement that threatens to shutter the law clinic just as it should be providing muscle for President Trump’s push to free the economy of burdensome regulations.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">One side of the fight is led by Chris Horner, a conservative attorney perhaps best known for exposing former Environmental Protection Agency chief Lisa Jackson’s use of secret non-government email addresses. He also served on the Trump administration’s EPA transition team.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On the other side is David Schnare, a veteran EPA employee who led the law clinic until early last year, when he again accepted an appointment at the agency. His second stint at the EPA lasted just two months amid widespread reports of deep disagreements with EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">After he left the law clinic, his former colleagues said they discovered a list of improprieties. In court papers they say Mr. Schnare abused the organization’s tax-exempt status, misappropriated funds and tried to use the organization’s assets as his own, and later tried to extort the group, demanding a huge cash payout to hide his actions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">fight blame horner:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2018, FMELC became involved in a dispute with its leadership, with claims on one side of extortion, lying to the IRS in order to obtain its tax-exempt status, and other accusations. The primary dispute is between David Schnare, who faces allegations of misrepresenting the group to obtain tax-exempt status, and coal-industry lawyer Chris Horner. Horner and Schnare had conceived FME Law, then George Mason Environmental Law Clinic, in 2011. [4], [5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ref</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.thedailybeast.com/ex-epa-officials-legal-advocacy-outfit-embroiled-in-vicious-leadership-struggle</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">nolink</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">‘A BAD DIVORCE’</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ex-EPA Official’s Legal Advocacy Outfit Embroiled in Vicious Leadership Struggle</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The problems began when David Schnare took a leave of absence from FME Law to join Trump’s EPA.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">LACHLAN MARKAY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">04.24.18 4:34 AM ET</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A leading conservative legal advocacy group is at risk of dissolving amid an ugly internal fight over control of the organization.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic is known for its use of the legal system to advance conservative energy and environmental policy goals. But now its executives—including a former senior official at Scott Pruitt’s Environmental Protection Agency—are waging a legal battle for control of the group.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">At the center of the allegations is David Schnare, the ostensible head of FME Law. Schnare founded and led the group until he was appointed to a senior EPA position in January 2017. Now Schnare’s onetime colleagues are accusing him of, among other things, misrepresenting the group’s structure to the IRS in order to obtain tax exempt status, attempting to extract hundreds of thousands of dollars from the group for himself and a partner, and threatening to report FME Law for allegedly illegal fundraising practices unless it agrees to the “payout.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare denies all of the allegations. “The arguments aren’t grounded in facts,” he told The Daily Beast in an interview. “It’s all based on incorrect data.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Some of the legal issues will be hammered out in a Virginia court this week, where Schnare is set to present evidence countering his former colleagues’ allegations. The whole thing, he says, is “like a bad divorce.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The spat represents a dramatic and sudden decline for an organization at the vanguard of conservative legal advocacy efforts. It also illustrates the challenges and divisions that have popped up in segments of the conservative movement as it’s transitioned from pure opposition during the Obama years to, under Trump, a position of major influence on high-profile policy-making decisions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare first joined the EPA in 1978 and served as an attorney in the agency for 33 years. He returned in January 2017 as a member of the Trump administration’s “beachhead” team. But he lasted less than two months in the post. Schnare quickly clashed with EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt, whom he felt was not aggressive enough in rolling back Obama-era regulations on carbon dioxide emissions. After Schnare’s departure in March, he vowed to publicly expose his internal adversaries, but declined to go into detail about his interactions with Pruitt or internal deliberations at EPA.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“He wanted to be treated like he was the president,” Schnare said of Pruitt. “I think you could describe me as prescient.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FME Law is one of a handful of groups that has used the courts to attempt to enact conservative energy and environmental policy reforms. It has been party to nearly two dozen federal lawsuits against the EPA, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and other federal agencies, seeking to roll back environmental regulations and produce public records revealing regulators’ internal discussions and decision-making process.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">At FME Law’s helm since its founding were Schnare and Chris Horner, a member of Trump’s EPA transition team and an attorney affiliated with the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a leading free market think tank. Horner is a prolific filer of open records requests and lawsuits seeking to compel their production. The author of the the 2012 book The Liberal War on Transparency: Confessions of a Freedom of Information “Criminal,” Horner was a frequent thorn in the side of Obama’s EPA, exposing, among other revelations, then-Administrator Lisa Jackson’s use of a private email address, and the alias Richard Windsor, in some internal communications.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare and Horner conceived FME Law, initially called the George Mason Environmental Law Clinic, in 2011. According to an email from Schnare, it “came out of Chris and my joint efforts to build an organization that can push back against the overreach of government action.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">After years of collaboration, and some notable victories, Schnare and Horner are now at each other’s throats. And FME Law may shutter altogether as a result.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The problems began when Schnare took a leave of absence from the group to join Trump’s EPA. He told colleagues that he expected to spend three or four years at the agency and then retire. As his last official act, he installed another attorney, Chaim Mandelbaum, as FME Law’s executive director, and stepped back from day to day operations.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But Schnare insists that he retained his official position atop the group, and that he resumed day to day management after leaving the EPA. He also had significant control over the group’s finances, having at one point deposited FME Law funds in a savings account opened under his social security number. After he left for EPA, Schnare says, financial control was handed off to Mandelbaum. But internal documents show that the group’s directors had to take action in late June 2017 to remove Schnare’s name from one of the group’s bank accounts, though Schnare says that FME Law was always the account’s official owner.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In late 2017, a new board prepared to take the helm at FME Law. On a conference call, the board, including its incoming chairman, Matthew Hardin, asked to review the organization’s financial position. Mandelbaum provided a one-page, bullet-pointed list of liabilities and assets, showing it had about $920,000 of the latter.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But when the board requested all of the group’s books and financial records, according to the complaint, Mandelbaum balked. He indicated that he did not recognize the new board’s authority to request the information—and in fact said that the board did not have any authority at all.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In an email two days later, Schnare explained the problem. “It appears I made some significant errors when preparing the by-laws and related papers for FME Law,” he admitted. In particular, the group was structured to give controlling authority to its board, but under Virginia law a law clinic’s board members must be registered to practice in the state, and only one of the new board members was. Schnare had assumed that he was the sole “member” of the corporate entity housing FME Law. But its bylaws appeared to contradict that conclusion as well.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare and Hardin agreed to hire an outside law firm to sort out the matter. But what they found was even more damning: The group was legally paralyzed. “As currently organized, FME cannot act,” the firm, Gross & Romanick, concluded in a January 2018 memo. “The board of directors is not properly constituted to manage a [professional limited liability corporation].” Schnare could be considered a governing member, but “in signing the bylaws that indicates there are no members, he disclaimed any membership interest that he may have had.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare says the latter conclusion was erroneous, that the law firm was working with incomplete documentation, and that FME Law never had bylaws or an operating agreement.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ordinarily, the firm wrote, those sorts of issues could be resolved by a court-appointed receiver brought on to address the problems with its corporate structure. But it turned out that Schnare hadn’t just goofed up FME Law’s bylaws; Gross & Romanick concluded that he also made material misstatements in his application to the IRS for 501(c)(3) nonprofit tax status that could land the group in legal jeopardy if a court-appointed receiver reported the issues to the IRS, as it would be legally obligated to do. (Schnare says he did inform the IRS of the underlying issues, and while the group’s later annual tax filings note that it is a professional limited liability company, not a corporation—the distinction at issue—he has acknowledged that its initial application for tax exempt status misstated its corporate form.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">That left the group in limbo, and its ostensible corporate officers fighting it out over control of the organization. And according to Schnare’s internal antagonists, this is when the threats began.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FME Law’s legal complaint says that Schnare began requesting “a payout” to “keep things quiet” about the legal issues created by the group’s initial tax filing in 2011. “If the IRS were to investigate and rule that tax exempt status was improperly obtained, FME would likely be forced to disgorge any monies raised and any contributors would have to amend their personal tax returns to reflect donations to a nonexempt entity,” Gross & Romanick had warned. “In such a scenario, it is likely that the members of the board would have some exposure for misrepresenting the status of the organization.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The “payout” was to be in the range of $280,000. Schnare says that it wasn’t hush money, but simply an effort to reconcile contractual obligations to contractors. The bulk of the funds were owed to Mandelbaum under the terms of his contract, he said. He declined to say where the rest of the funds would go.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare, FME claims in its complaint, also threatened to sick Virginia authorities on the group, and on Horner in particular. “Things are getting out of hand,” he wrote in a Jan. 27 email to Horner. “It is in no one’s interest to end up in court, especially yours as it would be discovered that you engaged in fundraising without FME Law or yourself being registered to do so, placing you subject to criminal penalties.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">At a meeting the same day, according to FME Law’s legal complaint, Schnare suggested that “the Democratic attorney general of Virginia” would be keen to investigate the group due to its conservative political leanings.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Asked whether those amounted to threats, as his former colleagues alleged, Schnare said, “I have no idea how thin their skin is.” He quickly added, “There were no threats, absolutely none,” and noted that a recent investigation by the Virginia Bar had cleared him of allegations surrounding those statements.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But that hasn’t smoothed relations between Horner, Hardin, Schnare, and others who once worked together amiably. “It might be possible that we would dissolve,” Schnare said, “in which case there are people with whom we have longstanding relationships who would like to carry on the work we’ve been doing.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“There’s no reason not to carry on those relationships,” he said, “even though the friendships have died.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/05/15/pence-coal-funded-lawyer-chris-horner-climate-litigation-watch-attack</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For a group apparently hooked on transparency, the latest organization to spring from the loins of the fossil fuel–funded climate science denial industry certainly manages to obscure one or two pertinent facts.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Government Accountability and Oversight (GAO) — the name of the group given public charity status on March 20, 2018 by the Internal Revenue Service — is promising to publish documents about the people and groups behind ongoing court cases against the energy industry and its impact on the global climate.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“We’re not going to get into the science debate and other arguments. We’ll just show the public the documents, so you can decide,” lawyer Chris Horner told a sympathetic Daily Caller about GAO’s Climate Litigation Watch (CLW) project.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Behind the group are three lawyers — one a Republican-elected district attorney, another a former radio host and “longtime friend” of Vice President Mike Pence, and Horner, who has been paid by coal companies and works at the fossil fuel–funded Competitive Enterprise Institute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">While apparently not wanting to “get into the science debate,” Climate Litigation Watch says the science linking fossil fuel producers to climate change is “dubious” — a position at odds with every major scientific academy on the planet.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">So, who are these characters behind the GAO and its sole project, Climate Litigation Watch?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Christopher Horner's Coal Cash</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">According to Horner’s profile on the GAO and Climate Litigation Watch sites, he has been a lawyer for 25 years and his clients “have included policy groups, scientists, and members of the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate on matters of environmental policy, in addition to providing regulatory counsel to effected parties.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Let’s fill in some gaps there, becuase there are some very large ones.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the mid-1990s, Horner’s clients included cigarette maker R.J. Reynolds, which he suggested should back his idea to “construct explicit procedural hurdles” within the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that would make it harder for the agency to use scientific findings as justification for new rules that would inconvenience certain industries.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">According to official lobbying disclosures, in the late 1990s and early 2000s Horner also lobbied for the Chemical Manufacturers Association, paint company Dunn Edwards, infamous energy company Enron, and others.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Horner is a long-standing climate science denier, who has regularly appeared on conservative media including Fox News to talk about climate change policy and energy. He is known for his pursuit of climate scientists and their emails.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2015, it was revealed that Horner had been paid $18,600 that year by coal company Alpha Natural Resources. Months later, it emerged that Horner’s Energy & Environment Legal Institute (E&E Legal) also had a financial relationship with Arch Coal. When coal giant Peabody filed for bankruptcy in 2016, E&E Legal and the Free Market Environmental Law Clinic (FMELC), where Horner has also worked, appeared on the list of creditors. E&E Legal has received funding from FMELC. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Horner evaded questions about his coal funding during the premiere of a climate science denial film in Paris in 2015.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Horner, who was part of President Donald Trump’s EPA transition team, established FMELC with lawyer David Schnare. Schnare, an EPA veteran and transition team member, and Horner are currently at each other’s throats over accusations of financial malpractice at FMELC.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Commonwealth Attorney</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Horner’s new GAO venture includes on its board of directors lawyer and Republican Matthew Hardin, the elected district attorney for Greene County, Virginia, a role known in Virginia as the Commonwealth Attorney.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The GAO (which perhaps intentionally has the same initials as the Government Accountability Office, which is a federal oversight agency) is registered to a residential address in Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia, which public records show is owned by Hardin.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2015, Hardin represented FMELC and E&E Legal in a joint court filing as it tried to pursue the EPA for emails between staff and several environment groups in relation to discussions about the upcoming Paris climate change talks.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mike Pence's Longtime Friend</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A third director listed at GAO is Greg Garrison, a lawyer and recently retired radio host. Garrison is best known as the prosecutor who in 1992 successfully gained the conviction of boxer Mike Tyson for rape charges.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Garrison says he is a “longtime friend” of Vice President Mike Pence. In 2000, Garrison took over WIBC radio hosting duties from Pence, who was elected to Congress that year. Pence regularly appeared on Garrison's show.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In March 2018, Garrison described the science of human-caused climate change. He said: “The whole thing has been a hoax, a snare, and a delusion always.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/01/25/trump-state-policy-network-summit-dominion-bradley-foundation-climate-denial</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Last December groups promoting climate change denial sponsored a two-day conference which brought together energy executives and lobbyists with Trump administration officials.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">According to the conference’s agenda, which DeSmog has obtained exclusively, the participating energy and utility companies included Dominion Energy, General Electric, and Georgia Power. Officials from the Departments of Energy and the Interior were among the panelists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The event, billed as a “State Energy Policy Summit,” was organized by the Thomas Jefferson Institute,* a member of the State Policy Network (SPN), a powerful group of think tanks pushing states to adopt conservative policies. Both the SPN and its ally the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) are funded by an array of corporations, right-wing groups, and wealthy conservative donors that include brothers Charles and David Koch.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The conference, which took place from December 7-8, 2017 in Washington, D.C., was also sponsored by the Thomas Jefferson Institute and The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation — two groups that promote climate change denial — and the Consumer Energy Alliance, an advocacy group working on behalf of the oil and gas industry.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">..doc]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lobbying Opportunities</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The conference placed in one room energy interests and the government representatives and agencies which they are currently lobbying.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The first panel dealt with offshore energy development. It featured speakers from the National Ocean Industries Association, International Association of Geophysical Contractors, and National Ocean Policy Coalition — three trade groups advancing the interests of the offshore and energy exploration industries. A fourth member of the panel was Tim Williams, deputy director of the office of external affairs in the U.S. Department of the Interior. Williams, a former Republican operative who worked on the Trump campaign, was appointed to his position by Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Keynote addresses by U.S. Representatives David Rouzer (R-NC) and Bruce Westerman (R-AR) followed the panel. Over his brief Congressional career, Westerman has received a total of $114,450 in campaign contributions from the oil and gas industry, one of the top industries throwing support behind him. Rouzer, between 2011 and 2018, has netted $91,490 from the industry</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Congressional records indicate that the energy participants on the offshore panel are presently lobbying both the Interior Department and Congress. National Ocean Industries Association is lobbying the Interior Department on various matters concerning offshore energy, including the Outer Continental Shelf.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Similarly, the International Association of Geophysical Contractors is lobbying the Interior Department and the House of Representatives on “[I]ssues impacting offshore seismic activities.” It is also lobbying Congress on H.R. 3131, or the SEA Act (Streamlining Environmental Approvals Act), which Representative Rouzer has co-sponsored. The bill seeks to ease environmental approval processes for offshore exploration in ways that amend current protections for endangered marine mammal habitats.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">HBW Resources, the lobbying firm behind the Consumer Energy Alliance, one of the conference’s sponsors, is currently lobbying the House of Representatives on behalf of the National Ocean Policy Coalition. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A second panel, on electric power, included representatives from Dominion Energy, Georgia Power, and the Nuclear Energy Institute, the nuclear industry’s main trade group. They were joined by Sean Kennedy from the State Government Leadership Foundation, a group which advances Republican candidates and various conservative causes. Though the group keeps its funding sources under wraps, ProPublica reported in 2013 that past donors included ExxonMobil and the Edison Electric Institute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dominion was represented on the panel by Bill Murray, a long-time Virginia lobbyist for the company. At the time of the panel, Murray, a Democrat, was serving on newly elected governor Ralph Northam’s transition team. Murray was unavailable for comment, but a spokesperson for Dominion told DeSmog:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Bill attended the meeting because he was invited. He is a sought-after speaker on several energy policy topics as well as health care. He talked about emissions-free, carbon-free nuclear power and its role in meeting the country’s electricity needs. Again, Bill speaks to a myriad of organizations about various policy topics. He was invited, he accepted. Along with all the other presenters.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dominion is linked in other ways to the Thomas Jefferson Institute, one of the conference’s sponsors. Two of its lobbyists in Virginia, James Beamer and John Rust, serve on the institute’s board of directors.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Another conference panel featured Andrew Black, president of the Association of Oil Pipelines; Chrissy Borskey, a lobbyist for General Electric; and Doug Little, deputy assistant secretary for intergovernmental and external affairs at the U.S.Department of Energy. General Electric is currently lobbying the Department of Energy on a variety of issues, including energy infrastructure, energy appropriations, and renewable energy standards.   </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Departments of Energy and the Interior did not respond to requests for comment. General Electric and Georgia Power also did not respond to similar requests.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sponsoring Climate Denial</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Bradley Foundation, one of this conference’s sponsors, has for years been at the forefront of a sophisticated apparatus that funds climate denial, what Drexel University sociologist Robert Brulle calls the “climate change countermovement.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Internal Bradley Foundation documents, hacked and released in the last 18 months, support this characterization, revealing that the group contributed millions of dollars to organizations that deny climate change or obfuscate the established science behind it.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In recent years this funding went to such groups as the Heartland Institute, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, and the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, which a Bradley Foundation memo described as the three “best” organizations in the “energy and environment component.” The foundation also donated to the CO2 Coalition, the George C. Marshall Institute (which shut down in 2015 and transferred its climate research to the CO2 Coalition), and the Thomas Jefferson Institute — another of the conference’s sponsors.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Based in Springfield, Virginia, the Thomas Jefferson Institute promotes market-based policies that limit government intervention and instead focus on “personal responsibility.” Its Environmental Stewardship program is headed by David Schnare, former general counsel of the coal industry-supported Energy & Environment Legal Institute and a Trump transition team member, who was engaged in protracted legal pursuits of climate scientists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Under Schnare, the Environmental Stewardship program at the institute sowed doubts about climate change and critiqued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and its renewable energy mandates. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The conference’s third sponsor, the Consumer Energy Alliance, has been in recent years actively promoting the gas and oil pipeline buildup throughout the country. The group is funded by various fossil fuel producers, pipeline companies, industrial energy users, and utility trade groups, including such major players as Dominion, General Electric, Spectra Energy (now Enbridge), and Edison Electric Institute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">At times, the alliance used controversial tactics, such as when it submitted letters of support for Spectra’s NEXUS pipeline in Ohio — letters signed by people who denied signing them. One of the letters was signed by a man who had been dead for 18 years.   </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">TAGS: State Policy NetworkTrump Administrationdominion energyAmerican Legislative Exchange Council ALECBradley FoundationThomas Jefferson Institute for Public PolicyConsumer Energy AllianceBill Murray</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">omfg</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.nrdc.org/trump-watch/epa-critic-david-schnare-returns-agency-hes-been-trying-sabotage</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">After leaving the EPA in 2012, David Schnare, a lawyer, policy analyst, and climate denier, has returned as a full-time employee. Schnare was part of President Trump’s transition team, which put another climate denier, Scott Pruitt, in charge of the EPA. During his 33 previous years at the agency, Schnare ran a conservative think tank called the Center for Environmental Stewardship, which actively worked to undermine the EPA’s mission. He also cofounded a legal organization (funded partly by fossil fuel interests) that initiated a spate of lawsuits and Freedom of Information Act requests to target and intimidate climate scientists with whom Schnare disagreed. (Schnare, for instance, has stated that carbon regulations do greater harm to the environment than carbon dioxide emissions; scientists would not agree with that.) One of Schnare’s lawsuits sought to block all EPA rules that would reduce deadly particulate matter pollution, commonly referred to as soot. Thankfully, a federal judge tossed out the case. The return of this climate-denying antagonist who has worked to block the health protections that save tens of thousands of American lives a year does not bode well for the nation’s premier environmental agency.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">OMG trump EPA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Last week, Doug Ericksen, communications director for Trump's EPA transition team, told NPR that the agency planned to review all of its scientists' studies on a "case by case basis" prior to publication. Employees were also told to "scrub" EPA's climate change web pages, although the administration backed off that charge. Ericksen told Bloomberg BNA that the agency plans to restore full communications rights, including social media, "as soon as possible."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Until we learn more, here's what we do know about the beachhead team and some notable affiliations, mapped out using the LittleSis platform.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">view this map on LittleSis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Koch and Coal Connections</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Charles Munoz is the White House liaison to the EPA landing team and was a top Trump organizer in his home state of Nevada. Munoz helped launch the Nevada chapter of Americans for Prosperity, a political advocacy group funded by the Kochs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare, who has waged intimidation campaigns against climate scientists, worked for 33 years at the EPA before joining a number of Koch-affiliated entities.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare is director of the the Free Market Environmental Law Clinic at George Mason University, which serves as the official attorney for the Energy and Environment Legal Institute. Both are funded extensively by Donors Capital Fund and Donors Trust. Schnare is also an energy policy expert at the Heartland Institute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Kreutzer was a senior research fellow at the Heritage Foundation, a group funded by foundations controlled by Koch Industries</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">After working at the EPA during the George W. Bush Administration, George Sugiyama lobbied for the National Mining Association. Sugiyama also served as legal adviser to the Republican minority, led by Oklahoma Sen. James Inhofe, on the Senate environment committee. Inhofe is arguably the best-known climate science denier in Congress and famously declared climate change to be a "hoax."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Washington State's Worst on Climate</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Two Washington state officials, described as the state's "most radical small government lawmakers," have been assigned key posts on the beachhead team. Don Benton, who once introduced legislation based on Agenda 21 conspiracy theories, is the Senior White House Advisor to the EPA transition. And Doug Ericksen is serving as communications director for the transition team.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Described by the Seattle Times as "an ally of the fossil-fuel industry," Doug Ericksen was named by Washington Conservation Voters as among the state's "Dirty Dozen" worst politicians.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ericksen wants to make it a felony for oil-by-rail protests to block train tracks, describing it as "economic terrorism," although the Seattle Times notes that Ericksen's motive is "punishing environmentalists, tribal activists and others who have illegally obstructed oil and coal trains, pipelines and similar projects." The Times notes, "More than going after individual protesters, Ericksen said the legislation's goal is to target wealthy, liberal donors, such as billionaires George Soros or Tom Steyer and organizations such as the Sierra Club, for sponsoring disruptive demonstrations. They could be held liable for damages under the bill."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Shannon Murphy, head of the Washington Conservation Voters, said, "Sen. Ericksen's and Benton's environmental records speak for themselves. They are both climate deniers who have consistently voted against protecting clean air and water for communities across the state."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Rest of the Team</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Patrick Davis ran Trump's campaign in Colorado and before that was accused of defrauding a wealthy super PAC by steering money to fake organizations "run" by Davis and his friends.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Layne Bangerter headed the Trump campaign in Idaho and most recently worked with Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID), whose website claims that the cause of changes to the Earth's climate "is ultimately not well-understood and is a matter of vigorous debate." Koch Industries donated $40,000 to Crapo's campaign from 2013-2014.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Justin Schwab is serving as the main legal advisor and is currently an attorney at the corporate law firm Baker Hostetler in Washington, DC.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Holly Greaves is working on budget issues and was most recently a public accountant for KPMG, which works with a number of oil, gas and utility industry clients.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Reposted with permission from our media associate DeSmogBlog.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">jackson</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">may 2013 announce quit</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">omg ati lawsuit hu experiment: 11/13/2012 forbes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA Charged With Lethal Experiments On Hundreds Of Unsuspecting Subjects</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">also FOIA, mayfly on MTR</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">windsor emails 12/12</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">see horner, E&E</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">capt 616</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">oreskes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Perhaps the strongest response came from James Enstrom, an epidemiologist who has challenged the science around the health risks of secondhand smoke and particulate air pollution. Enstrom told Singer that he could make "a very strong case" against Oreskes if Singer filed complaints with the universities she's affiliated with.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"I suggest you Attack Oreskes by Filing short Grievances with Harvard and Stanford," Enstrom wrote to Singer on Oct. 21. Oreskes is a professor of scientific history at Harvard University with a doctorate from Stanford University.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Good thought," Singer responded.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">BS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">February 11, 2016</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contact:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Craig Richardson</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Richardson@eelegal.org</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">202-785-8301</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Combatting Climate Change in the Courts</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">by David W. Schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">General Counsel Energy & Environment Legal Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On February 10th, the American Constitution Society for Law and Policy (“ACS”) hosted a panel discussion on legal approaches and activities associated with “combatting” climate change through legal action. Topics covered were RICO prosecutions, climate torts and the Supreme Court’s stay of the Clean Power Plan. The session was organized and moderated by Lisa Heinzerling, the attorney who was brought into EPA to manage the legal analysis of how to extend the agency’s powers beyond the limits of the Clean Air Act in order to implement the environmental activists’ climate agenda, and who had previously won the Massachusetts v. EPA case enabling EPA to regulate carbon dioxide. The discussion panel consisted of Richard E. Ayres, Founding Partner, Ayres Law Group, LLP; Co-Founder, Natural Resources Defense Council; Sharon Eubanks, Partner, Bordas & Bordas, PLLC; lead counsel for the United States in United States v. Phillip Morris, et al. (the RICO tobacco case); Matthew F. Pawa, President, Pawa Law Group, P.C., who has failed repeatedly in his civil climate change tort claims against hydrocarbon companies; and the obligatory “other side of the argument” panelist, Roger R. Martella, Jr., Partner, Sidley Austin, LLP; former General Counsel, Environmental Protection Agency and representing parties opposing EPA’s Clean Power Plan. In addition, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) offered remarks.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The session was instructive, even if not in the manner intended by Heinzerling. Before getting to specifics, however, it pays to understand the setting of this forum. The ACS is a very liberal association of legal progressives. It is a young group and its purposes are two-fold – to create the next generation of progressive attorneys and to create a national network useful in influencing judges nationwide. They sponsor over 1,000 sessions a year pushing their agenda. In their own words, they are “debunking conservative buzzwords such as “originalism” and “strict construction” that use neutral-sounding language but all too often lead to conservative policy outcomes.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As a second introductory note, the audience was equally progressive (like attracts like), consisting of about 60 folks, young and old, representing a diversity from the Union of Concerned Scientists to the Natural Resources Defense Council. The event was covered by Reuters and InsideEPA.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Although last to speak, the keynote message was offered by Senator Whitehouse. He supports a federal RICO investigation and prosecution of “deniers.” His was a political screed based exclusively on a presumption of a scientific consensus that humans are causing climate change through use of hydrocarbons. He believes the tobacco RICO case is the “roadmap” for prosecution of deniers and he looks forward to the day when the CEOs of the coal, petrochemical and electric power industry are marched before the Senate to confess their crimes. Notably, he took no questions, probably because there were some in the audience that had pushed back against the regular panel and he didn’t want to be confronted by them. The take-away from his comments is that he is touting the same broken record on climate and RICO that he has been, but that he is no more than a cheerleader, one without a portfolio to force any kind of litigation against “deniers.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sharon Eubanks was the first to speak and offered the most useful content. She began with the unfounded assertion that RICO could be applied to hydrocarbon companies and anyone who received grant support from them and anyone who agreed with them on the issues and anyone who denied anthropogenic climate change or anthropogenic global warming (“ACC” or “AGW”). She later admitted the facts necessary to bring a claim were not in hand and that the Department of Justice was unlikely to undertake a RICO investigation, something RICO authorizes DOJ to do before filing a complaint.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">She laid out the essential requirements of a RICO case, and in that she was instructive. First, she explained that any person, formal or informal association, corporation or the like that has a “pattern of conspiracy” shown to participate in “any association in fact” would be subject to a RICO prosecution. If an organization received funds from Exxon to examine and discuss climate change, everyone in that organization would be subject to RICO, as would the beer buddies who discussed the issue over lunch and later went on to offer their personal opinions on the subject that were “denier” in nature, even if the beer buddies didn’t receive any of the grant and were simply using their first amendment right to free speech. Sort of chilling, isn’t it.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Second, to prosecute a RICO claim, there has to be a predicate criminal act. In a civil RICO case, however, this act need not be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, but only by a fair preponderance of the evidence. The typical predicate criminal acts are mail fraud and wire fraud. The scheme to defraud must be shown, but can be as simple as a denial of ACC that allowed the company to make greater profits than if they had admitted their product would cause an end to civilization as we know it. Two or more emails that carry out that scheme are a sufficient pattern of conspiracy to support a RICO prosecution. Any email that supports that scheme (apparently regardless of free speech protections) may be used to include the author of any email as a defendant.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Finally, the remedies vary depending on where one sues. Suing in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, one only gets injunctive relief in the form of an apology and promise to not do it again. Apparently the massive cost of defending such a case is penalty enough for the D.C. Circuit. But, in other jurisdictions, RICO remedies are considered forward looking and the defendant may have to disgorge all profits associated with their denial. The money goes to the government. (Yes, this is a tax scheme, not really an effort to remedy environmental harm or corruption.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">After explaining the law, Ms. Eubanks offered a few words about how a prosecution would go forward. Absent clear evidence of fraud, there can be no case filed. DOJ can begin an investigation before filing, but a private citizen cannot. A state can conduct an investigation, and that is what will be done in this case, basically out of the New York AG’s offices. That investigation, and case filing, would be followed by an extremely invasive discovery effort. In the tobacco case, the government demanded over 2 billion pages of discovery from the defendants. According to Ms. Eubanks, a single email from a junior employee stating that there is a consensus about AGW and the company is contributing to AGW is sufficient to prove a fraud in the event the company does not admit to causing AGW. This leads to a defense that a junior employee does not speak for the company, but Ms. Eubanks did not discuss that point.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Richard (I created NRDC and am now in private practice making tons of money) Ayres had a simple message. First, he admitted that NRDC and its contemporaries do not have the wherewithal to prosecute such a case. One look at NRDC, EarthJustice or the Sierra Club’s IRS form 990s shows they have, jointly, more than $100 million a year in income. Thus, what he is saying is that they just don’t want to take the case on. They want a consortium of states to do so. Second, he recognized that all they’d get from winning a RICO case is an order from the court telling deniers to quit denying. That, however, seems to be what he wants. Specifically, he stated that he wants to change the meme from “is the science in” to “who is telling the truth.” He was challenged by the audience, one of whom suggested that to “tell the truth” one first needs to know what “the truth” is, which means that one is back to whether “the science is in.” His response was a non-verbal wince.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Matt Pawa spoke to civil tort actions against companies under a negligence theory, “climate change harmed me.” He admitted that they had been unsuccessful with these claims in federal court as the courts held that the Clean Air Act preempted the tort claims. He suggested that cases brought in state courts are the obvious next step, but he apparently doesn’t realize that the states have their own air pollution statutes that also will preempt a state tort. When asked when the next case will be filed in a state court, and where (a Reuters question), he responded, “Any day now, probably after a hot day or when a tornado hits a town. It is going to happen any day now.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Roger Martella was eventually allowed to speak, and considering the audience, he took a very narrow line, suggesting that past litigation appears to reflect three principles. First, courts are happy to order a government to do something about climate change, but they are unwilling to be specific as to what that should be. This is true both in the U.S. and in Europe. Second, courts are not willing to order decarbonization or energy goals. That is a regulatory matter. They eschew tort claims, finding them preempted by the regulatory schemes. Third, courts don’t want to be triers of facts regarding whether the climate is changing beyond its normal variation or why.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">With regard to the SCOTUS stay of the Clean Power Plan, everyone on the panel was surprised at the outcome. Ayers was asked to predict the outcome of the case and stated that the rule would be upheld. Martella, like any sane attorney, refused to predict what SCOTUS would do, but did indicate that obtaining the stay was more than just a surprise. To obtain a stay, the majority of the Court had to reach a conclusion that those opposing the Clean Power Plan would more likely than not prevail on the merits of their claim. That is the high bar the “deniers” had to clear and they did.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And, as a final note, the panel had suggested that there is no legitimate defense argument that climate change litigation is most properly considered a political question. Heinzerling was asked about this since the previous administration was unwilling to issue an endangerment finding and the next administration may well reconsider and reverse the Obama endangerment finding. Her response was that she was 100% certain that no administration would ever overturn the endangerment finding. Of course, she was equally certain SCOTUS would not issue a stay.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Energy & Environment Legal Institute (E&E Legal) is a 501(c)(3) organization engaged in strategic litigation, policy research, and public education on important energy and environmental issues. Primarily through its petition litigation and transparency practice areas, E&E Legal seeks to correct onerous federal and state policies that hinder the economy, increase the cost of energy, eliminate jobs, and do little or nothing to improve the environment.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://eelegal.org/2016/02/11/schnare-combatting-climate-change-in-the-courts/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://thehardlook.typepad.com/about.html  bacon's rebellion blog</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cato Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Competitive Enterprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Energy Realism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Heartland Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Independent Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Junk Science</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">National Center for Policy Analysis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Neutral Source</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Occoquan Watershed Coalition</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">State Policy Network</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Commons – Markets Protecting the Environment</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">BS bio</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">draws on E&E?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/HHRG-114-SY21-WState-S000583-20150326.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/HHRG-114-SY21-WState-B001283-20150326.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For Immediate Release Media Contacts: Laura Crist, Zachary Kurz March 26, 2015 (202) 225-6371</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Statement of Environment Subcommittee Chairman Jim Bridenstine (R-Okla.) </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Destruction of Records at EPA – When Records Must Be Kept Chairman Bridenstine:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Time and time again, we have seen the Environmental Protection Agency, use the regulatory process to increase the federal government's authority and bypass Congressional intent, at the expense of states' rights. The EPA’s regulations have an enormous cost, stifling businesses, destroying jobs, and increasing the cost of living for Americans. The EPA seems to believe it should be able to operate without oversight. Just last week, this Committee helped usher through the House two bills that would simply require greater transparency and more balanced and public input into EPA’s rulemaking processes. Unfortunately, the President has threatened to veto both bills. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Today’s hearing topic covers the same unfortunate theme. Federal archiving laws exist, as the Federal Records Act states, “to protect the legal and financial rights … of persons directly affected by the agency’s activities.” However, the EPA would have us believe that despite the fact that thousands of text messages are being sent and received, virtually none is important enough to qualify as a federal record and require preservation, and therefore can be deleted by the individuals sending and receiving them. If we, as representatives of the American people, people who are directly affected by EPA’s activities, are not provided with the information necessary to verify that the agency’s practices are fulfilling both the letter and the spirit of the law, how can we know that the agency isn’t getting rid of the very records it is required to preserve? </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA is once again refusing to comply with the Committee’s requests, necessitating the Chairman’s issuance of a subpoena yesterday to compel production. EPA’s refusal to turn over records and documents is yet another example of the lack of accountability and transparency that has become a hallmark of this agency in its dealings with Congress. We here in the House are not alone; members of the public who request information can expect the same. The Center for Effective Government recently released a report grading federal agencies on how responsive they are to FOIA requests, and the EPA received a “D.” Again, I believe that we here in Congress have a responsibility, on behalf of the people we represent, to oversee the actions of agencies like the EPA. This is important when those actions have such significant impacts on all of us, and particularly on my home state of Oklahoma. The EPA has a responsibility and an obligation to provide the information we have requested. I thank the witnesses for being with us today and look forward to their testimony.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sourcewatch</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare is a Virginia attorney who works on behalf of the contrarian American Tradition Institute (ATI). A climate inactivist, he has affiliations with ATI and with theThomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy; and as attorneys for ATI, he and Chris Horner (who also wears two ATI hats) are involved in the ATI legal action seeking to let him and Horner review thousands of climatologist Michael Mann's University of Virginia emails, including emails deemed exempt from FOIA.[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contents  [hide] </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 Employment/Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 Climate contrarianism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3.1 Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4 Affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5 Controversies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5.1 ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6 Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6.1 References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6.2 Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6.3 External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6.4 External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Employment/Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare reported in December 2011,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Until my retirement from Federal service, I worked pro bono. I have not, to date, been compensated for my work on any ATI law case. I am receiving partial funding for my work with an Environmental Law Clinic that is undertaking legal research for the Thomas Jefferson Institute, a 501(c)(3) non-profit."[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He reports no work relationship with sister 501(c)(4) the American Tradition Partnership.[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare's ATI bio reports[3] he has:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"a PhD in Environmental Management from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, a Master of Science in Public Health-Environmental Science from the University of North Carolina’s School of Public Health, and a Baccalaureate Degree from Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa, where he majored in chemistry and mathematics."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. ... In addition to his [former] position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare ...has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board."[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate contrarianism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In December 2011, Schnare explained his views, saying he doesn't deny anthropogenic global warming:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"I believe the climate is changing and that there is a human signal in that change. I simply don't find sufficient evidence that the human contribution constitutes a matter of such significance to require large economic impacts on our current energy mix, much less the secondary harm to human health and the environment that alarmist policies have already cases and will exacerbate in the future."[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the past, Schnare has said that the science isn't clear (2007 Senate testimony)[6], and that if the science is clear, then it's too late to cut carbon emissions,(March 16, 2008)[6], it's too expensive to cut carbon emissions(May 12, 2010)[6], and we should go straight to geoengineering.(March 16, 2008)[6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Schnare identifies his expertise as follows:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Any competent scientist with qualifications in statistical analysis and understanding the scientific method is capable of assessing climate science if they take the time, and are given the opportunity to examine the data and methods used by a "climate scientist". My courses of study leading to a PhD in Environmental Science and an MSPH provided me both."[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc., "a professional corporation providing legal representation, legal and policy analysis"[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare is listed among the "Heartland Institute/Global warming experts".</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment[7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Controversies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2011 Schnare and fellow American Tradition Institute attorney Chris Horner sued the University of Virginia for access to thousands of Michael Mann's emails, including his correspondence with 39 other climate scientists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But the University of Virginia's court filings[2][3] argued that ATI publicity and actions of ATI principals Schnare and Christopher Horner - both of whom were acting as both attorney and petitioner - had raised serious questions about whether in their role as attorneys for ATI they could be trusted to abide by the previous ruling's requirement to keep the content of the exempt emails private.[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jump up? Sue Sturgis (2011-10-31). SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: Who's behind the 'information attacks' on climate scientists? -. The Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved on 2011-11-01.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Jump up to:2.0 2.1 "I do not work with or for the Partnership." Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-13; Can't check since ATP/WTP's IRS returns, if any, are not available on Guidestar as of 2011-12-14.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jump up? Staff & Board of Directors. American Tradition Institute. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jump up? David W. Schnare. About Me. TheHardLook blog. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Jump up to:5.0 5.1 Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-14</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Jump up to:6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 David Schnare. DeSmogBlog. Retrieved on 2011-11-08.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jump up? David Schnare. ExxonSecrets Factsheet. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jump up? Timeline: Legal Harassment of Climate Scientist Michael Mann. Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved on 2011-11-03.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">George Mason University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy (with Randal C. Teague)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Heartland Institute/Global warming experts</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare. About Me. The Hard Look. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">DeSmogBlog profile, with public climate quotes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ExxonSecrets factsheet</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Richard C. Kast UVA affidavit, October 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">?David W. Schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Credentials</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">J.D., George Mason University School of Law (1999).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ph.D., Environmental Management, the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (1979).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">M.Sc., Public Health-Environmental Science, University of North Carolina School of Public Health.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bachelor's Degree (chemistry and math major), Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Source: [1], [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare is General Counsel at the Energy and Environment Legal Institute (formerly American Tradition Institute), as well as the “Director of the Center for Environmental Stewardship” at the Thomas Jefferson Institute. Schnare is the past Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition, and Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee. He isCEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Thomas Jefferson Institute lists Schnare as an attorney and scientist who “managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental and policy issues.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schare has called for “geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects of global warming, at least for a few decades…” [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Stance on Climate Change</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“When it comes to global warming, I'm a skeptic because the conclusions about the cause of the apparent warming stand on the shoulders of incredibly uncertain data and models…” [4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare has said that it is too late to curb global warming because “The world has already exceeded the greenhouse gas emissions 'tipping point' beyond which catastrophic warming cannot be stopped.” [5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He believes that the IPCC's science “could be wrong. But it could also be right. And, what if the IPCC predictions are true? Then, as the first truth states, it's too late, and the climate scientific community has admitted as much.” [6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Key Quotes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 22, 2014</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Speaking at The Heritage Foundation's Happy Earth Day: Dispelling Environmental Myths and Celebrating Human Achievement event, Schnare, at 27:23 states:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“What we really need to do is to admit, as has been said already, is that we’ve succeeded. There is no one single good measure for water quality, but there is a sort of general measure: is the water “impaired” based on what the state said the quality of the water ought to look like. And, so, if you look at all the waters of the United States, and there’s over 300,000 of them, sorry, there’s over 300,000,000 of them—I can’t remember being a lawyer and a scientist—sometimes those numbers can collide, but the bottom line is most of them are not impaired, and those that are impaired, are impaired from natural causes… You know, the deer have to go to the bathroom somewhere.” [16]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">At 34:12 Schnare then says:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Today, maybe I’m a scientist, but I’m also a lawyer, and when I left the [Environmental Protection] Agency someone asked me and said ‘well, what are you going to do?’ and, I said, ‘I’m going to sue the agency,’ and they went, 'oh no.' And so, [since then] we have [sued]…” [16]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">February 17, 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“The energy windmills offer is not free, not clean, not reliable and not consistent. And it doesn’t create new jobs.”[11]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 18, 2010</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Those of us familiar with the coal-fired power plant industry have long recognised that CCS may be slightly more than a pipe-dream, but will never be affordable or practicable for the vast majority of coal-fired plants. Yet no one in the bureaucracy has had the courage to stand up and refute this politically correct but scientifically bankrupt concept.” [9]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 12, 2010</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Tea Parties are scathingly and properly scathingly opposed to the climate change proposals that have emerged over the past decade. They see the economic consequences of such action, and applying the principles of 'opportunity costs' and the need for honest science, including full transparency in the scientific discussion.” [10]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">March 16, 2010</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“These propagandists [Stephen Schneider and other scientists involved in 'Climategate'] are not to be confused with the majority of scientists who have no political agenda and who simply want to be scientists. These are often the scientists who are under attack and should not be. Among them are Richard Lindzen, MIT, Roger Pielke, Sr., University of Colorado – Boulder, and John Christy, UAH. These people refuse to go beyond where observation takes them. They are under attack because they refuse to participate in the propaganda campaigns.” [8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">March 16, 2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“The Virginia plan to reduce greenhouse gases by a mere 30 percent by 2020 is too little, too late and so is the even more aggressive IPCC proposal to reduce them by 80 percent.” [5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">September 26, 2007</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“As Ken Caldeira, a professor of climate science at Stanford University, explains, reducing greenhouse gases will cost around 2 percent of the gross domestic product while geo-engineering (by putting reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere) will cost about one-thousandth of that.” [7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Key Deeds</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 22, 2014</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare is a speaker at The Heritage Foundation's “Happy Earth Day: Dispelling Environmental Myths and Celebrating Human Achievement” event. [16]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See the video footage here:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">June 30-July 1, 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare was a speaker at the Heartland Institute's Sixth International Conference on Climate Change. [12]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nov, 2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Featured speaker (PDF) at the fall Climate Change Conference sponsored by the National Chamber of Commerce and the Virginia Chamber. [13]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This conference “brought scores of business leaders together to discuss the climate change/environmental issues facing our nation and our state.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare advocated geo-engineering in his presentation where he explained that through “artificially seeding the atmosphere with non-polluting reflective particles (that slowly descend to the surface of the earth) we can keep the earth’s atmosphere cool as we work to find economically feasible alternatives to carbon-based fuels.” He concludes that “this is a more acceptable concept than severely restricting our economic growth through drastic government regulation.” [14]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April, 2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Spoke at the Heartland Institute's 2008 International Conference on Climate Change where he introduced his paper (.pdf), titled “Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative,” which was published by the Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Although the paper does imply that global warming may be due in part to increases in Greenhouse Gases caused by humans, he believes that it is too late to try to reduce our emissions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The abstract states that our situation “calls for geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects, at least for a few decades; an immediate reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) where those reductions actually save money (the “no regrets” alternatives); significantly expanded use of and research on low-cost carbon sequestration that removes GHGs from the atmosphere or reduces carbon emissions; and some breathing space within which to further assess some of the global warming theories that, if disproven, would point humanity toward lesser or greater reliance on alternative climate change responses.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare continues, stating that “A perusal of [the Geophysical Research Letters journal], however, finds well documented, peer- reviewed papers indicating there appears to be some merit to arguments that warming over the past 40 years reflects a normal, if chaotic cycle that may overlay anthropogenic (human caused) warming, but alone explains the majority of observed warming.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For support, Schanre quotes skeptical scientists such as Petr Chylek, Dennis Avery, Fred Singer and Alan Carlin. The suggested geo-engineering projects are reminiscent of those recommended by Bjorn Lomborg including ocean-based cloud creation, ocean fertilization, and ocean carbon sequesterization.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare also describes “High Cost Actions” that would be too expensive to implement to reduce carbon emissions including:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">All forms of direct solar power (photovoltaic and CSP)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Residential and commercial HVAC high efficiency equipment (a LEED element)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Carbon Capture at coal-fired power plants and carbon-intensive industrial processes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Re-forestation of crop land</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Medium and high penetration onshore wind power</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Biomass power generation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Shifting from coal to gas electricity generation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hybrid automobiles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">September 26, 2007</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Testified before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, referencing his report titled “Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay” where he argues that we need to apply geo-engineering to prevent global warming, and that “any investments in reducing greenhouse gases…would be the greatest threat to the [Chesapeake] Bay.” [7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy — Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment. [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Heartland Institute — “Expert.” [15]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Publications</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A Google Scholar search returns one article written by David Schnare on the subject of climate, titled “Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground,” published by the Thomas Jefferson Institute. He has not published any articles on climate in peer-reviewed journals.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Staff and Scholars,” Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Senior Leadership,” Energy and Environment Legal Institute (formerly American Tradition Institute). Accessed April 2014.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare. “Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative” (PDF), The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“U.S. Senate Report: Over 400 Prominent Scientists Disputed Man-Made Global Warming Claims in 2007,” U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works, December 20, 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. “Emergency Preparedness for Climate Change” (.doc) The Jefferson Journal, March 16, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. “Four Truths about Climate Change,” The Jefferson Journal (.doc), November 3, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay” (PDF), David Schnare's testimony before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, September 26, 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. “What Real Scientists Do: Global Warming Science vs. Global Whining Scientists,” MasterResource, March 16, 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. “Climate Science Policy Needs a 'Team B',” MasterResource. May 18, 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. “A Tea Party Environmental Platform,” Bacon's Rebellion, May 12, 2010. Archived May 20, 2011.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. “Death by Wind,” Jefferson Policy Journal, February 17, 2011.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Speakers,” International Conference on Climate Change (climateconference.heartland.org). Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Virginia Climate Change & Energy Business Summit” (PDF), Yourenergyfuture.org.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Annual Report 2008” (PDF), Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Heartland Experts: David Schnare,” The Heartland Institute. Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Happy Earth Day: Dispelling Environmental Myths and Celebrating Human Achievement,” The Heritage Foundation, April 22, 2014. Archived April 30, 2014.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">TAGS: Heartland Instituteglobal warmingclimate changedesmogblogglobal warming blogdenial industryclimate change denierglobal warming researchclimate misinformationgeoengineeringsmoggerDavid SchnareSixth International Conference on Climate ChangeThomas Jefferson Instituteclimate change skepticclimate denialismdenial database</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">misrepresentation in mann case:  http://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-Kast-affidavit.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sent many emails about case during biz hrs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">from ati notes:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Schnare’s honors include: Four Gold and four Bronze Medals from the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Vice President’s Hammer Award and multiple U.S. Department of Justice Certificates of Commendation. His academic achievements include Law Review at George Mason University School of Law; Inns of Court (GMUSL); Sigma Xi (Science Honorary); Delta Omega Service Award (Public Health Honorary); National Science Foundation Research Fellowship; LEGIS Fellowship; and the U.S. Public Health Fellowship. He is an Honorary Member of the Water Quality Association. Dr. Schnare earned his JD in 1999 from George Mason University School of Law. While attending law school (and working full-time at EPA) he was the Hogan (Environmental) Essay winner and served on the Law Review and the Inns of Court. He graduated Cum Laude.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Testimony Before the United States House of Representatives</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Washington, D.C.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thursday, March 26, 2015</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“EPA’s Compliance with the Federal Records Act</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and the Freedom of Information Act”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Presented by David W. Schnare, Esq. Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[Short biography follows the testimony.]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Good morning Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee. You have asked me to</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">address EPA’s compliance with the Federal Records Act and the Freedom of Information Act.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">To place my testimony in context, let me introduce myself. Currently I serve as General Counsel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">for the Energy & Environment Legal Institute and am Director of the Free Market Environmental</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Law Clinic. Previously I served as a scientist, attorney and director of a economic, legislative</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and policy branch, all within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). I retired from</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA after 33 years of service. My experience as a responder to Federal and State Freedom of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Information Acts (FOIA) extends back four decades and includes my service in the United States</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Navy and while at the University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the year prior to my retirement from EPA (2011), I served as a member and major</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">author of a study on how EPA could improve the speed and quality of responses to FOIA and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">civil enforcement discovery. I am pleased to report that EPA implemented most of the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">recommendations we made – recommendations that allow the Agency to speed FOIA responses,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">document review and redactions. The most important changes shift public records collection to a</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“back office” effort, freeing EPA staff from having to seek responsive records. Because a single</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA office now collects the public records, at least those in electronic form, it improves the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">overall quality of the process and evens out that quality across the agency.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Having an improved electronic capability, however, does not solve the many problems</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">this Committee is investigating. Before I discuss the continuing problems, let me identify the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">relevant requirements EPA is required to meet, in particular with respect to emails and text</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">messages.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA’s Public Records Retention Responsibilities</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This Committee is well aware of the federal laws and regulations with which EPA must</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">comply. Let me highlight the critical requirements on which EPA seems to fail too often.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA manages its records management through regulations and Agency policies. The </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Agency’s Chief Information Officer issued Interim Records Management Policy, CIO 2155.2,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">which states that each office within EPA is required to establish and maintain a records management</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">program with a number of minimum requirements, including:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Manage records, in any format (e.g., paper, email, IMs, electronic documents, spreadsheets,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">presentations, images, maps, video, blogs, and other social media tools that generate</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">communications), in accordance with applicable statutes, regulations, and EPA policy and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">guidance.”1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA is required to not simply manage records, but to maintain them as well:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Maintain electronic records, (e.g., email, IMs, electronic documents, spreadsheets,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">presentations, images, video, blogs, and other social media tools that generate</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">communications), in an approved electronic records management system."2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA also provides specific direction relative to the protection and retention of public records on</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">mobile devices, including text messages.3 The Agency policy is to require retention of “nontransitory”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">records – records defined as any record that does not meet the definition of a “transitory”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">record.4</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Citing to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) General Records</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schedule No. 23 (GRS 23), and EPA Records Schedule 167, EPA defines “transitory” records as:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“records of short-term (180 days or less) interest, which have minimal or no documentary or</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">evidential value. An example of a transitory record is a record documenting routine activities</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">containing no substantive information, such as routine notifications of meetings, scheduling</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">of work-related trips and visits, and other scheduling related activities. Transitory records can</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">be deleted immediately, or when no longer needed for reference, or according to a</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">predetermined time period or business rule.5</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Note, however, that while many employees may delete calendar and scheduling related</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">activities under Item 5 (Schedules of Daily Activities), “high level officials” may do so only with</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">specific approval of a submission for destruction of such records made to NARA – otherwise they</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">must be retained for two years.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Further, “transitory” records are, by NARA definition, “routine”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and only routine requests, notices and activities.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Preservation of Text Messages</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Particularly at issue in this hearing are text messages. Anyone with a child older than 12 and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">younger than 30 knows that text messages are the modern equivalent of a phone call. This is</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 EPA Information Policy, "Interim Records Management Policy," CIO Approval Date June 28, 2013, available at:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.epa.gov/records/policy/2 l 55/CI0-2155 .2.pdf. 2 Id. 3 EPA website, "Frequent Questions about Mobile and Portable Devices, and Records," available at:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.epa.gov/records/faqs/pda.htm. 4 Id.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5 Id.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6 National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) General Records Schedule No. 23, available at:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/grs/grs23.html.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">especially true for government officials. But, unlike telephone calls, they are public records subject</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">to preservation under federal law, unless they are transitory.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA gives examples of what is and is not “transitory”:7</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“An example of a text message that qualifies as a transitory record (which can be deleted</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">when it is no longer needed) might be:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"I'm 5 minutes behind";</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">while an example of a text message that qualifies as a non-transitory record (and which</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">would be required to be forwarded into your EPA email account for longer term preservation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">under a records schedule) might be:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"I'm 5 minutes behind, go ahead and make the decision without me."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the first example, the record value of the message is only to those participants in the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">meeting who may be wondering where a colleague is, and thus there is no long term value of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the message that requires its preservation beyond the start of the meeting. In the second</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">example, the informational value of the message extends beyond the meeting's time-frame, to</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">document information about who participated in an agency decision or action.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA then exhorts the important point that employees, including the Administrator of EPA herself,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">have repeatedly ignored:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As this example demonstrates, you need to pay careful attention to use of text messaging</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">as it relates to Agency business to ensure proper management of non-transitory federal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">records.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There should be no confusion on the duty to preserve text messages, also known as instant</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">messages. Each of the three CIO Records Management Policies issued under CIO 2155 (versions 1,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 and 3), the most recent of which is dated February 10, 2015, clearly explain that</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“users of text messaging, instant messaging or other transient messaging technologies on</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA information systems are responsible for ensuring that messages that result in the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">creation of a substantive (or non-transitory) federal records are saved for FRA purposes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and placed in a recordkeeping system. For example, if a text message on an EPA mobile</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">device is received or sent that qualifies as a substantive (or non-transitory) federal record,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">it must be saved into an approved recordkeeping system.8</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In a letter to this Committee, EPA admits of this duty:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">7 EPA, “Frequent Questions about Mobile and Portable Devices, and Records,” available at:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.epa.gov/records/faqs/pda.htm. 8 EPA, Records Management Policy CIO 2155.3, 2/10/2015, available at:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.epa.gov/records/policy/2155/rm_policy_cio_2155-3.pdf.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“It is the responsibility of the employee to preserve any records from their device that</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">needs to be saved as EPA records. This is in accordance with established EPA Policies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">regarding retention of EPA records.”9</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nor is the process of preserving these text message public records hidden, secret or hard to</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">find. Although not available to the public, EPA provides a two-page explanation entitled</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Instructions on Saving Text-Messages” on its in-house “intranet.”10 And the Agency provides</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">instructions on how to save instant messages as well.11</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And, for those employees who don’t wish to read the full policy, EPA provides a chart,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">giving them still another means to understand their responsibilities:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The following chart summarizes your obligations:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">What is the retention and where is it stored? Forward to EPA Email?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Transitory – stored only on the device No</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Transitory – stored on the device AND agency</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">systems No</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Non-Transitory– stored only on the device Yes (then save with EZ Email Records</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">from EPA email)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Non-Transitory– stored on the device AND</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">agency systems</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">No (but save with EZ Email Records from</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA email)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(emphasis in the original).12</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The problem at EPA is not about the technology, the public records policy or the law, it is</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">about the employees, the culture and the failure of senior managers, including political appointees, to</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">follow the law. The current culture is to keep secret that which should be available to the public.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Requirements of the Freedom of Information Act</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This Committee is well aware of the reach of the Freedom of Information Act and the duty of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA employees to properly implement that act. Among these duties is both the need to “respond” in</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">9 Letter from The Honorable Representative Lamar Smith, Chairman, United States House of Representatives</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology to the Honorable Arthur A. Elkins, Jr., EPA Inspector General (Nov.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">10, 2014).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">10 Id, linking to: http://intranet.epa.gov/mobiledevices/pdf/Instructions-Saving-Text-Messages.pdf. 11 Id, linking to: http://intranet.epa.gov/ecms/guides/im.htm. 12 Op cite, note 7 supra.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">a timely fashion and as well the duty to “produce records promptly.”13</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As well, EPA must conduct a proper search to find responsive records. The Department of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Justice has addressed this duty:14</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As a general rule, courts require agencies to undertake a search that is "reasonably</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">calculated to uncover all relevant documents."15 The Court of Appeals for the District of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Columbia has held that "'the adequacy of a FOIA search is generally determined not by</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the fruits of the search, but by the appropriateness of the methods used to carry out the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">search.'"16</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">* * </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Courts have disfavored searches that are based on unreasonable interpretations of the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">scope of the request,17or which exclude files where records might have been located.18 In</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">addition, the reasonableness of an agency's search can depend on whether the agency</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">properly determined where responsive records were likely to be found, and searched</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">those locations, or whether the agency improperly limited its search to certain record</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">systems.19</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> * *</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">An agency generally "is not obligated to look beyond the four corners of the request for</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">leads to the location of responsive documents," but courts have found that an agency does</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"need to pursue a lead it cannot in good faith ignore, i.e., a lead that is both clear and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">certain."20</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">13 See, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(C)(i); and see CREW v. FEC, 711 F.3d 180, 189 (D.C. Cir. 2013) (holding that, after</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">processing FOIA request and making determination, agency may still need some additional time to physically</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">redact, duplicate or assemble for production documents located, however, "agency must do so and then produce</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">records 'promptly'"); S. Yuba River Citizens League v. Nat'l Marine Fisheries Serv., No. 06-2845, 2008 WL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2523819, at *15 (E.D. Cal. June 20, 2008) (supporting practice of releasing documents "on a rolling basis" if</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">necessary, as this respects statute's "prompt release" requirement).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">14 Department of Justice, “Department of Justice Guide to the Freedom of Information Act”, available at:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.justice.gov/oip/doj-guide-freedom-information-act-0, Chapter: “Procedural Requirements” available at</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/oip/legacy/2014/07/23/procedural-requirements.pdf#p39. 15 See Weisberg v. DOJ, 705 F.2d 1344, 1351 (D.C. Cir. 1983); Campbell v. SSA, 446 F. App'x 477, 480 (3d Cir.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">June 3, 2011) (same) (citing Weisberg, 705 F.2d at 1351);</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">16 Jennings v. DOJ, 230 F. App'x 1, 1 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (quoting Iturralde v. Comptroller of Currency, 315 F.3d 311,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">315 (D.C. Cir. 2003)); Delorme v. EOUSA, No. 12-0535, 2012 WL 5839513, at *1 (D.D.C. Nov. 16, 2012). 17 Truitt v. Dep't of State, 897 F.2d 540, 544-46 (D.C. Cir. 1990) (stating that when request was "reasonably clear as</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">to the materials desired," agency failed to conduct adequate search as it did not include file likely to contain</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">responsive records); Nat'l Sec. Counselors v. CIA, 549 F. Supp. 2d 6, 12-13 (D.D.C. 2012) (agreeing that agency</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">might have unreasonably limited scope of request because search results indicated that agency was aware that</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">plaintiff sought records related to particular subject);</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">18 Canning v. DOJ, 919 F. Supp. 451, 460-61 (D.D.C. 1994) (indicating that when agency was aware that subject of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">request used two names, it should have conducted search under both names). 19 Davis v. DOJ, 460 F.3d 92, 105 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (remanding case "to provide the agency an opportunity to</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">evaluate [search] alternatives" including nonagency internet search tools). 20 0 See, e.g., Kowalczyk, 73 F.3d at 389; Int'l Counsel Bureau v. DOD, 864 F. Supp. 2d 101, 108 (D.D.C. 2012)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(finding search inadequate because agency did not provide "a satisfactory response to [plaintiff's] contention that it</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">should have searched for records using an alternate spelling of [a detainee's] name that [plaintiff] discovered from</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the Department's own records").</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">With regard to emails, text messages and instant messaging, EPA senior officials have failed</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">in these two duties – not because they lack the ability to comply with the law, but because they lack</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the willingness to do so. This unwillingness has trickled down to junior staff.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The EPA Culture of Secrecy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA has prided itself on being an innovative agency, a leader in many areas of executive</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">department bureaucracy. For example, as an experienced EPA analyst, I was asked to teach costbenefit</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">analysis to the Corps of Engineers, to lecture the Ukrainian government on free-market</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">economics and to teach compliance with the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">throughout the federal executive. I am but one example of how EPA staff have been far ahead of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">many other federal agencies. This includes FOIA implementation. The Agency’s technological</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">approach to FOIA may be the most sophisticated inside the “Beltway.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Further, enterprising staff have dedicated time to employing new technologies, including the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">emergence of emails, the use of text and instant messaging and exploitation of social media. EPA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">encourages use of new technology and these efforts show up on the internet. For example, EPA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">prepared an 83 page PowerPoint presentation on how to use electronic tools to collaborate with</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“external partners.”21 This presentation encourages use of instant messaging, other "real-time"</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">correspondence tools, and even encourages using AOL and Yahoo and asking 3rd parties to set</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">up chat rooms.22</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But, this presentation also documents the culture of disregard for agency duties under</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">public records and FOIA requirements. It characterizes FOIA and NARA rules as “Federal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Laws that Constrain Federal Administration of Public-Facing Web Collaboration Tools.” The</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">next section of the presentation describes “Creative Solutions to Dealing with Federal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Constraints” and openly suggests way to circumvent public records acts. Specifically, EPA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">encourages its employees to help outside parties to sponsor the web-based collaboration tools,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">noting that “As long as we are only participants, not administrators of a web collaboration site,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the site is not limited by those same [FOIA and Public Records Act] constraints.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Efforts to avoid the duty to comply with FOIA and records retention requirements starts</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">at the top of the Agency. Perhaps the most troublesome is where staff working directly in the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Office of the Administrator simply refuse to comply with FOIA. EPA failed to respond to a</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">request for emails from and to Administrator Jackson when it disregarded all emails send by and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">to “Richard Windsor,” a pseudonym the Administrator used in place of her “public” persona</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">email address. It is not as though EPA was unaware of the law. EPA staff are routinely trained</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">on how to conduct FOIA searches and since 1994, the law on looking for pseudonyms was well</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">established. See, Canning v. DOJ, 919 F. Supp. 451, 460-61 (D.D.C. 1994) (indicating that</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">when agency was aware that subject of request used two names, it should have conducted</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">search under both names) (emphasis added).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">21 See, EPA, “Web Collaboration Tools” available at:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://semanticommunity.info/@api/deki/files/993/Web_Collaboration_Tools_WWG_Oct_06.ppt. 22 Notably, the presentation fails to indicate that reference to these commercial applications does not constitute EPA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">endorsement of them, as required under Federal law. This is but one more example of the willingness of the Agency</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">to simple ignore their legal duties.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The EPA Office of Executive Secretariat employee23 whose duty is to respond to FOIA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">requests made of the Administrator knew Ms. Jackson used the Richard Windsor address but</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">never informed the FOIA “back office” that assembles the responsive emails for his privilege</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">review. Once caught out, this employee exacerbated his misanthropic behavior, informing the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">requestor that he would only process 100 emails a month and the Agency would not be done</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">until the next century.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> To put this “100 a month” number into perspective, let me share with you my experience</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">on FOIA document reviews. With a colleague in the Department of Justice, I managed a civil</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">enforcement discovery request that sought records dating from 1970 and found in every EPA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Regional office as well as four headquarters offices; and in several Federal Records Centers. We</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">employed over 50 attorneys to conduct privilege review and to redact records as necessary. This</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">work is identical to review of responsive records for exceptions under FOIA – exemptions that</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">allow the Agency to withhold the public records. We reviewed over 7 million pages of records,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">producing 2.2 million. On the basis of that experience, and four decades of having to respond to</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">both State and Federal FOIA requests, I suggest that it takes approximately one hour to review</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">100 emails and even less time to review 100 text messages. In fact, with the new technologies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA has installed in the past two years, it should take even less time.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> EPA’s refusal to produce the Richard Windsor emails is a blatant violation of the FOIA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">duty to produce records promptly. However, that employee has not been reprimanded and based</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">on EPA’s official response to the request, has not been instructed to accelerate his production.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Thus, it should come as no shock that the current Administrator, Ms. McCarthy, and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">those who support her FOIA responsibilities in the Office of the Administrator and in the Office</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">of Environmental Information’s Office of Information Collection have blatantly violated the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Federal Records Act.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA acknowledged before the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia that it has</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">destroyed all copies of text message correspondence sent to or from current Administrator Gina</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">McCarthy’s EPA-assigned account when Ms. McCarthy was Assistant Administrator for Air and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Radiation. EPA explained that this was because all 5,932 text messages on Ms. McCarthy’s EPA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">phone identified in response to that request were “personal.” But, they weren’t. The FOIA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">requester was able to obtain EPA telephony metadata records for seven months, in response to a</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">different FOIA request. These showed Ms. McCarthy corresponding, by her EPA-provided text</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">message account, with eleven EPA co-workers’ EPA-provided accounts, including those of Ms.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">McCarthy’s senior policy aides.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> When this misbehavior surfaced, Ms. McCarthy, when asked by Agency employees to</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">explain her response to a FOIA request for her text messages, created additional public records</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">23</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">that explain her texting practices. EPA now refuses to release all of those public records,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">including the steps taken to retrieve her text messages. EPA is withholding hundreds of emails</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">responsive to this request in full, and hundreds of others in part, according to redacted emails and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">an index it has provided plaintiff. This list of emails withheld in full also withholds the identities</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">of all parties to each email except the sender.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There is a reason EPA employees are emboldened to flout FOIA and public records</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">preservation duties. There is no penalty if they do and senior management is pleased when they</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">do. Destroying public records allows senior management to keep secret its contacts outside the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">agency. They are more free to collude with political advocates, including those who are</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">supposed to be bound by non-profit restrictions disallowing direct lobbying.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nor, of course, is EPA an Administration outlier. There is no need to list other agencies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and other Presidential appointees who simply ignore public records act requirements.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Conclusion</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EPA’s culture of failing to meet its duty under the Freedom of Information Act and the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Federal Records Act must change, but Congressional oversight, alone, is insufficient. Although</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">there are sanctions for disobeying the law, those sanctions are too cumbersome and have never</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">been used. Courts have refused to sanction Agencies unless there is clear evidence of an intent</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">to violate the law, a very high evidentiary hurdle, especially in cases where the court does not</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">allow or disfavors civil discovery and deposition of agency employees. Even where such</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">discovery is available, the cost is prohibitive and prevents most information requesters from</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">using all available legal tools.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson instructs us that “Whenever people are well-informed they can be</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">trusted with their own government;” and, “when a man assumes a public trust, he should</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">consider himself as public property.” That is the essence of FOIA and the purpose of the FRA.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Until EPA hews to this standard, it fails the nation and deserves sanctions sufficient to bring it</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">back within the confines of the law and public trust.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Short Narrative Biography</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare, Esq. Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Schnare is Director of the Free-Market Environmental Law Clinic, Director of the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Center for Environmental Stewardship at the Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">General Counsel for the Energy & Environment Legal Institute. He has retired from 33 years in</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">public service as a senior attorney and scientist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Office of Enforcement. He has served on the staff of the Senate Appropriates Committee, as the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">nation’s Senior Regulatory Economist with the U.S. Office of Advocacy for Small Business and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">as a trial attorney with the U.S. Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">General. A Member of Sigma Xi, the scientific research society of North America, he published</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">his first peer-reviewed scientific contribution in 1970 and has edited or published chapters in ten</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">books addressing scientific issues and 36 peer-reviewed research contributions, all while in fulltime</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">government service. He has published over a dozen peer-reviewed policy reports for nonprofit</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organizations. He is lead counsel on several cases involving both state and federal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">freedom of information acts and Constitutional questions. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[on form: "I am representing only myself"</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/HHRG-114-SY21-WState-DSchnare-20150326.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sigma_Xi_members</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.sigmaxi.org/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Current Chapter: University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Electing Chapter: University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/members/member-directory?ln=Schnare&disc=0&match=False#sthash.WDa0NgDN.dpuf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Frederick D. Singer</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Current Chapter: Radford University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Electing Chapter: Membership At Large</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/members/member-directory?ln=Singer&disc=0&match=True#sthash.Avcx0mYX.dpuf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sallie L. Baliunas</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Current Chapter: Harvard</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Electing Chapter: Harvard</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/members/member-directory?ln=Baliunas&disc=0&match=True#sthash.Rs2jyLQl.dpuf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mr. Richard S. Lindzen</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Current Chapter: Massachusetts Institute of Technology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Electing Chapter: Harvard</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/members/member-directory?ln=Lindzen&disc=0&match=True#sthash.JQJH1sA4.dpuf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Committee on Qualifications and Membership</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Committee on Qualifications and Membership has the responsibility for: (a) ensuring the vitality of chapters that have the potential to be vital units of the Society; (b) determining the suitability of any petitioning group to be granted chapter status and making the appropriate recommendations to the Board of Directors; (c) studying and making recommendations to the Board of Directors in cases of chapters failing to remain in good standing; (d) monitoring and encouraging the health and performance of chapters; (e) making recommendations to the Board of Directors on matters of policy concerning membership in the Society; (f) serving through a subcommittee appointed by the Chair as the Committee on Admissions for the membership-at-large, or on behalf and at the request of chapters; and (g) render judgment in cases involving eligibility for membership referred to it by a chapter or the Board of Directors.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Membership: Chair elected by the Board of Directors for a term of three years, together with eight other members appointed for three-year terms.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2014-2015 Committee on Qualifications and Membership</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Chair: Cristina C. Gouin-Paul</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Staff Contact: Vacant</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Harjit Ahluwalia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">George Atkinson </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Anant Deshpande</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nicole Gerlanc </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Antoneicka Harris </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Emma Perry</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Joshua Sturmfels</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Committee on Qualifications and Membership Reports</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cristina Gouin-Paul, CQM Chair Emma Creaser, Nicole Gerlanc, Linda Meadows, CQM Jerry Bake...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/about/leadership/descriptions#sthash.57NBGtnm.dpuf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Committee on Awards</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/about/leadership/descriptions#sthash.uR2o4iPR.dpuf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">at epa in 1990? flouride?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">facing so</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">droz et al anti wind</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/12/climate-science-deniers-join-forces-against-nc-renewable-energy-program.html</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">John Droz, David Schnare and Daren Bakst (from left to right) speak at an anti-wind energy forum in North Carolina in December 2011. (Photo by Sue Sturgis.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate-science deniers join forces against NC renewable-energy program</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate-science deniers with ties to the fossil-fuel industry have joined forces in an assault on North Carolina's renewable energy program and particularly wind power, which has beenmaking big gains in the U.S. in recent years.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Representatives of the American Legislative Exchange Council, American Tradition Instituteand the John Locke Foundation held forums this week in the N.C. coastal communities of Wilmington and Morehead City titled "The Truth About Wind Power on the Coasts of North Carolina." Facing South attended the Wilmington presentation, which was heavy on emotion and shaky on the facts.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"The picking and choosing of information and the way it was presented was misleading and troublesome," said N.C. Sierra Club communications chief Dustin Chicurel-Bayard, who also attended the Wilmington event. The Sierra Club has taken a nuanced position on wind power in North Carolina; it has generally supported the industry's development but joined other environmental groups in fighting one commercial wind farm proposed for the northeastern corner of the state over concerns about wildlife impacts.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The speakers at this week's forums included Daren Bakst (right in photo), director of legal and regulatory studies for the John Locke Foundation, a free-market think tank that has been the leading voice of climate-science denial in North Carolina public-policy circles. JLF gets most of its funding from the family foundation of Art Pope -- a discount-retail mogul, conservative benefactor and one of four national directors of Americans for Prosperity, a tea party group founded and funded by the billionaire Koch brothers who own and operate the Koch Industries oil conglomerate.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bakst also chairs the energy and natural resources subcommittee of the American Legislative Exchange Council, an unusually powerful corporate interest group that works to discredit state-level efforts to cut global-warming pollution. ALEC has received over $1.4 million from ExxonMobil since 1998 as well as extensive funding from Koch Industries and the Koch family foundations, according to a PR Watch investigation. Additionally, Bakst chairs the energy and natural resources subcommittee of the Federalist Society, a conservative legal organization that's dismissed the scientific consensus around global warming as "nothing more than an educated guess" while receiving over $165,000 from ExxonMobil since 1998.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Another presenter was David Schnare (middle in photo), a former government lawyer and scientist who directs the environmental law center at the American Tradition Institute, a conservative think tank that's part of a family of advocacy groups founded and funded by energy interests active in Western politics and that has been actively working to kill state renewable energy programs. ATI is currently involved in a controversial Freedom of Information Act lawsuit against the University of Virginia that aims to obtain the emails of Michael Mann, a former professor at the school who's a leading scholar of climate change.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Paul Chesser, ATI's former executive director and now its director of communications and research, previously worked for the John Locke Foundation and led its climate-science denial efforts....</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> ---</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-08-24-schnare-affadavit.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">confl of interest, never worked for epa? pdf saved 2011ucs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> desmog?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Credentials</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">J.D., George Mason University School of Law (1999).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">PhD, Environmental Management, the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (1979).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">M.Sc., Public Health-Environmental Science, University of North Carolina School of Public Health.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bachelor’s Degree (chemistry and math major), Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Source: [1], [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare is the "Director of the Center for Environmental Stewardship" at the Thomas Jefferson Institute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Thomas Jefferson Institute lists Schnare as an attorney and scientist  who "managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental and policy issues."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare was past Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition, and Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee. He is CEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc.[hard to find info on?]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schare has called for "geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects of global warming, at least for a few decades…" [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Stance on Climate Change</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"When it comes to global warming, I'm a skeptic because the conclusions about the cause of the apparent warming stand on the shoulders of incredibly uncertain data and models…" [4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare has said that it is too late to curb global warming because "The world has already exceeded the greenhouse gas emissions 'tipping point' beyond which catastrophic warming cannot be stopped." [5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He believes that the IPCC's science "could be wrong. But it could also be right. And, what if the IPCC predictions are true? Then, as the first truth states, it's too late, and the climate scientific community has admitted as much." [6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Key Quotes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"As Ken Caldeira, a professor of climate science at Stanford University, explains, reducing greenhouse gases will cost around 2 percent of the gross domestic product while geo-engineering (by putting reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere) will cost about one-thousandth of that." [7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"These propagandists [Stephen Schneider and other scientists involved in 'Climategate'] are not to be confused with the majority of scientists who have no political agenda and who simply want to be scientists. These are often the scientists who are under attack and should not be. Among them are Richard Lindzen, MIT, Roger Pielke, Sr., University of Colorado – Boulder, and John Christy, UAH. These people refuse to go beyond where observation takes them. They are under attack because they refuse to participate in the propaganda campaigns." [8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"The Virginia plan to reduce greenhouse gases by a mere 30 percent by 2020 is too little, too late and so is the even more aggressive IPCC proposal to reduce them by 80 percent." [5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Those of us familiar with the coal-fired power plant industry have long recognised that CCS may be slightly more than a pipe-dream, but will never be affordable or practicable for the vast majority of coal-fired plants. Yet no one in the bureaucracy has had the courage to stand up and refute this politically correct but scientifically bankrupt concept." [9]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Tea Parties are scathingly and properly scathingly opposed to the climate change proposals that have emerged over the past decade. They see the economic consequences of such action, and applying the principles of 'opportunity costs' and the need for honest science, including full transparency in the scientific discussion." [10]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"The energy windmills offer is not free, not clean, not reliable and not consistent. And it doesn’t create new jobs." [11]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Key Deeds</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">June 30-July 1, 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare was a speaker at the Heartland Institute's Sixth International Conference on Climate Change. [12]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nov, 2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Featured speaker (PDF) at the fall Climate Change Conference sponsored by the CoC National Chamber of Commerce and the Virginia Chamber. [13]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[J a m e s H i x o n ( K E Y N O T E S P E A K E R ) , E x e c u t i v e V i c e P r e s i d e n t , L a w a n d C o r p o r a t e R e l a -</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">t i o n s , N o r f o l k S o u t h e r n a n d B o a r d M e m b e r , U S C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c e</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">H u g h K e o g h , P r e s i d e n t & C E O , V i r g i n i a C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c e</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">D r . K e v i n S w i f t , C h i e f E c o n o m i s t , A m e r i c a n C h e m i s t r y C o u n c i l</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">M i c h e l l e F o s s , C h i e f E n e r g y E c o n o m i s t a n d H e a d , U n i v e r s i t y o f T e x a s ’ C e n t e r f o r </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">E n e r g y E c o n o m i c s</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">K y l e I s a k o w e r , D i r e c t o r o f P o l i c y A n a l y s i s , A m e r i c a n P e t r o l e u m I n s t i t u t e</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">S t e v e M i l l e r , P r e s i d e n t & C E O , A m e r i c a n C e n t e r f o r C l e a n C o a l E l e c t r i c i t y</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A n g e l a H o w a r d , V i c e P r e s i d e n t , N u c l e a r E n e r g y I n s t i t u t e</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">T h e H o n o r a b l e P r e s t o n B r y a n t , V i r g i n i a  S e c r e t a r y o f N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">R o b e r t B l u e , V i c e P r e s i d e n t f o r S t a t e a n d F e d e r a l A f f a i r s , D o m i n i o n R e s o u r c e s , I n c .</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A n n a M o t s c h e n b a c h e r , S o l u t i o n s F e l l o w , P e w C e n t e r o n G l o b a l C l i m a t e C h a n g e</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">D a v i d K r e u t z e r , P h . D . S e n i o r P o l i c y A n a l y s t i n E n e r g y E c o n o m i c s o n C l i m a t e C h a n g e , </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">H e r i t a g e F o u n d a t i o n</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">B i l l K o v a c s , V i c e P r e s i d e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t , T e c h n o l o g y , a n d R e g u l a t o r y A f f a i r s , U S </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c e</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">G l e n K e d z i e , A s s i s t a n t G e n e r a l C o u n s e l & V i c e P r e s i d e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l A f f a i r s , </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A m e r i c a n T r u c k i n g A s s o c i a t i o n</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">R o s s E i s e n b e r g , S e n i o r C o u n s e l & C o m m i t t e e E x e c u t i v e , U S C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c e</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">T h e H o n o r a b l e M i c h a e l S c h e w e l ,  F o r m e r  V i r g i n i a S e c r e t a r y o f C o m m e r c e  a n d T r a d e</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">R o g e r F l a n a g a n , D i r e c t o r o f E n e r g y S o l u t i o n s , L o c k h e e d M a r t i n</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">K e n W e i s s , E R M</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">D a v i d S c h n a r e , D i r e c t o r   o f  E n v i r o n m e n t a l S t e w a r d s h i p , T h o m a s J e f f e r s o n I n s t i t u te]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This conference “brought scores of business leaders together to discuss the climate change/environmental issues facing our nation and our state.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare advocated geo-engineering in his presentation where he explained that through "artificially seeding the atmosphere with non-polluting reflective particles (that slowly descend to the surface of the earth) we can keep the earth’s atmosphere cool as we work to find economically feasible alternatives to carbon-based fuels." He concludes that "this is a more acceptable concept than severely restricting our economic growth through drastic government regulation." [14]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April, 2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Spoke at the Heartland Institute's 2008 International Conference on Climate Change where he introduced his paper (.pdf), titled "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative,” which was published by the Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Although the paper does imply that global warming may be due in part to increases in Greenhouse Gases caused by humans, he believes that it is too late to try to reduce our emissions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The abstract states that our situation "calls for geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects, at least for a few decades; an immediate reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) where those reductions actually save money (the “no regrets” alternatives); significantly expanded use of and research on low-cost carbon sequestration that removes GHGs from the atmosphere or reduces carbon emissions; and some breathing space within which to further assess some of the global warming theories that, if disproven, would point humanity toward lesser or greater reliance on alternative climate change responses."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare continues, stating that "A perusal of [the Geophysical Research Letters journal], however, finds well documented, peer- reviewed papers indicating there appears to be some merit to arguments that warming over the past 40 years reflects a normal, if chaotic cycle that may overlay anthropogenic (human caused) warming, but alone explains the majority of observed warming."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For support, Schanre quotes skeptical scientists such as Petr Chylek, Dennis Avery, Fred Singer and Alan Carlin. The suggested geo-engineering projects are reminiscent of those recommended by Bjorn Lomborg including ocean-based cloud creation, ocean fertilization, and ocean carbon sequesterization.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare also describes "High Cost Actions" that would be too expensive to implement to reduce carbon emissoins including:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">All forms of direct solar power (photovoltaic and CSP)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Residential and commercial HVAC high efficiency equipment (a LEED element)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Carbon Capture at coal-fired power plants and carbon-intensive industrial processes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Re-forestation of crop land</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Medium and high penetration onshore wind power</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Biomass power generation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Shifting from coal to gas electricity generation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hybrid automobiles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">September 26, 2007</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Testified before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, referencing his report titled "Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay" where he argues that we need to apply geo-engineering to prevent global warming, and that "any investments in reducing greenhouse gases…would be the greatest threat to the [Chesapeake] Bay." [7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy — Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment. [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Heartland Institute — "Expert." [15]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Publications</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A Google Scholar search returns one article written by David Schnare on the subject of climate, titled "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground," published by the Thomas Jefferson Institute. He has not published any articles on climate in peer-reviewed journals.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Staff and Scholars," Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Staff & Board of Directors," American Tradition Institute. Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare. "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative" (PDF), The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"U.S. Senate Report: Over 400 Prominent Scientists Disputed Man-Made Global Warming Claims in 2007," U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works, December 20, 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. "Emergency Preparedness for Climate Change" (.doc) The Jefferson Journal, March 16, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. "Four Truths about Climate Change," The Jefferson Journal (.doc), November 3, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay" (PDF), David Schnare's testimony before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, September 26, 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. "What Real Scientists Do: Global Warming Science vs. Global Whining Scientists," MasterResource, March 16, 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. "Climate Science Policy Needs a 'Team B',” MasterResource. May 18, 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. "A Tea Party Environmental Platform," Bacon's Rebellion, May 12, 2010. Archived May 20, 2011.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare. "Death by Wind," Jefferson Policy Journal, February 17, 2011.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Speakers," International Conference on Climate Change (climateconference.heartland.org). Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Virginia Climate Change & Energy Business Summit" (PDF), Yourenergyfuture.org.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Annual Report 2008" (PDF), Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Heartland Experts: David Schnare," The Heartland Institute. Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sidebar:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare is a Virginia attorney who works on behalf of the contrarian American Tradition Institute (ATI). Aclimate inactivist, he has affiliations with ATI and with theThomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy; and as attorneys for ATI, he and Chris Horner (who also wears two ATI hats) are involved in the ATI legal action seeking to let him and Horner review thousands of climatologist Michael Mann's University of Virginia emails, including emails deemed exempt from FOIA.[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> ---</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[hide]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 Employment/Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 Climate contrarianism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3.1 Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4 Affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5 Controversies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5.1 ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6 Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6.1 References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6.2 Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6.3 External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6.4 External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Employment/Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare reported in December 2011, see UCS affidavit</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Until my retirement from Federal service, I worked pro bono. I have not, to date, been compensated for my work on any ATI law case. I am receiving partial funding for my work with an Environmental Law Clinic that is undertaking legal research for the Thomas Jefferson Institute, a 501(c)(3) non-profit."[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He reports no work relationship with sister 501(c)(4) the American Tradition Partnership.[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare's ATI bio reports[3] he has:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"a PhD in Environmental Management from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, a Master of Science in Public Health-Environmental Science from the University of North Carolina’s School of Public Health, and a Baccalaureate Degree from Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa, where he majored in chemistry and mathematics."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. ... In addition to his [former] position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare ...has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board."[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate contrarianism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In December 2011, Schnare explained his views, saying he doesn't deny anthropogenic global warming:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"I believe the climate is changing and that there is a human signal in that change. I simply don't find sufficient evidence that the human contribution constitutes a matter of such significance to require large economic impacts on our current energy mix, much less the secondary harm to human health and the environment that alarmist policies have already cases and will exacerbate in the future."[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the past, Schnare has said that the science isn't clear (2007 Senate testimony)[6], and that if the science is clear, then it's too late to cut carbon emissions,(March 16, 2008)[6], it's too expensive to cut carbon emissions(May 12, 2010)[6], and we should go straight to geoengineering.(March 16, 2008)[6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Schnare identifies his expertise as follows:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Any competent scientist with qualifications in statistical analysis and understanding the scientific method is capable of assessing climate science if they take the time, and are given the opportunity to examine the data and methods used by a "climate scientist". My courses of study leading to a PhD in Environmental Science and an MSPH provided me both."[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc., "a professional corporation providing legal representation, legal and policy analysis"[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare is listed among the "Heartland Institute/Global warming experts".</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment[7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Controversies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2011 Schnare and fellowAmerican Tradition Instituteattorney Chris Horner sued the University of Virginia for access to thousands of Michael Mann's emails, including his correspondence with 39 other climate scientists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But the University of Virginia's court filings[2][3] argued that ATI publicity and actions of ATI principals Schnare and Christopher Horner - both of whom were acting as both attorney and petitioner -had raised serious questions about whether in their role as attorneys for ATI they could be trusted to abide by the previous ruling's requirement to keep the content of the exempt emails private.[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Sue Sturgis (2011-10-31).SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: Who's behind the 'information attacks' on climate scientists? -. The Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved on 2011-11-01.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? 2.0 2.1 "I do not work with or for the Partnership." Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-13; Can't check since ATP/WTP's IRS returns, if any, are not available on Guidestar as of 2011-12-14.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Staff & Board of Directors. American Tradition Institute. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? David W. Schnare. About Me. TheHardLook blog. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? 5.0 5.1 Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-14</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 David Schnare. DeSmogBlog. Retrieved on 2011-11-08.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? David Schnare. ExxonSecrets Factsheet. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Timeline: Legal Harassment of Climate Scientist Michael Mann. Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved on 2011-11-03.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> [http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/va-ag-timeline.html</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Timeline: Legal Harassment of Climate Scientist Michael Mann</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Starting in April 2010, climate scientist Michael Mann has been subjected to a campaign of harassment, first by Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, who has filed subpoenas demanding that the University of Virginia produce documents related to Mann’s time there, and later by the American Tradition Institute (ATI), a free-market think tank, which has sought identical materials through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS has assembled the following timeline of events, editorial comments and statements from scientists, academics and other groups related to these attacks.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 17, 2014</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Supreme Court of Virginia unanimously affirms the earlier Circuit Court ruling in the University's favor.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">June 19, 2013</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Superior Court of the District of Columbia holds a hearing on Michael Mann’s lawsuit against the National Review and Competitive Enterprise Institute. Each of the parties has filed their motions, exhibits and responses.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">October 23</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Michael Mann sues National Review and the Competitive Enterprise Institute over their statements.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">September 17</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Prince William County Circuit Court in Virginia rules in the University's favorin the ATI suit, finding that the documents ATI was demanding are protected from disclosure by an exemption covering scholarly communication in Virginia's public records law. (See our blog post.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">July 13</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">An employee of the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a fossil-fuel-industry funded free market think tank, publishes a blog post accusing Mann of data manipulation and comparing him to convicted child molester Jerry Sandusky. Later, the National Review, a pro-free market publisher, references the post. (See our blog post.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">March 2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Virginia Supreme Court rules in the University of Virginia's favor in the Mann case, with the majority finding that the university is not a "person" as defined in the Fraud Against Taxpayers Act (FATA), and therefore the Attorney General has no authority under the Act to make civil investigative demands (CIDs) of the university. (See UCS press release.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">January 25</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Climate Science Legal Defense Fund officially launches and forms a partnership with Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility. Thefund will educate the scientific community about their rights and responsibilities and provide financial support and legal counsel to climate scientists facing litigation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">January 12, 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli and University of Virginia lawyers present oral arguments about the ability of the attorney general to subpoena Michael Mann’s private correspondence. The Court’s decision will likely come on March 2, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">December 16</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Supreme Court of Virginia schedules oral argument in Kenneth T. Cuccinelli, II, in his capacity as Attorney General of Virginia v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia for January 12, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">November 1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Virginia Circuit Court Judge Gaylord Finch grants Mann standing to challenge ATI's attempts to access his private correspondence. The judge voids the flawed agreement between UVA and ATI and instructs the two parties to agree to a neutral arbiter who will determine which emails should be disclosed. UVA and ATI are given until December 20 to come to an agreement.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">October 24</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The American Tradition Institute files a series of documents ahead of a November 1 hearing, including their opposition to amending the protective order, affidavits from attorneys Chris Horner and David Schnare, andsupporting exhibits.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">October 18</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UVA files a petition with the court to alter the protective order, agreeing that it would be inappropriate to disclose exempt emails to ATI. In a supporting memorandum and a more extensive affidavit, UVA attorney Richard Kast outlines two concerns: first, regarding statements that ATI attorneys made on their website and in the press, and second, regarding how ATI attorney David Schnare represented his employment with the United States Environmental Protection Agency.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">October 18</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) files an amicus letter in support of Mann's motion to intervene in the ATI case, asserting that the University of Virginia's agreement to the May 24 protective order "does not adequately balance" the interests of freedom of information and employee privacy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">September 16</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The judge hearing the ATI FOIA case agrees to hear arguments from Mannregarding his right to intervene in the ATI/UVA agreement. The hearing will be hold on November 1.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">September 8</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The American Constitution Society for Law and Policy publishes an issue brief by AAUP Senior Counsel Rachel Levinson-Waldman regarding the open records case, "Academic Freedom and the Public's Right to Know: How to Counter the Chilling Effect of FOIA Requests on Scholarship."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">September 2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Michael Mann files a motion to intervene in the ATI case and objects to a court agreement that would allow ATI to review scientists' private correspondence. The court schedules a hearing for September 16 to consider the motion.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">August 15</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The National Science Foundation (NSF) releases a document closing its inquiry into allegations against Mann, finding no evidence of research misconduct.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">August 10</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS, the American Association of University Professors, American Geophysical Union and Climate Science Watch send a letter to University of Virginia President Teresa A. Sullivan urging the university to alter the May 24 protective order (see below). The groups argue that the university is slated to unnecessarily disclose exempt documents, including private correspondence among scientists, to ATI.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 29</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Washington Post publishes an editorial condemning the ATI VFOIA request and urging UVA to use every exemption available.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 24</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The American Tradition Institute and University of Virginia enter into aprotective order, which lays out how the university should handle documents, including private correspondence among scientists, related to ATI’s freedom of information act request.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 26</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS and three other organizations (the American Association of University Professors, the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia, and the Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression) file an amicus brief with the Supreme Court of Virginia opposing the Attorney General’s appeal.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 21</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UVA President Teresa A. Sullivan responds to April 14 coalition letter regarding Freedom of Information Act requests, stating that the University will follow the law while committing to the interests of faculty in academic freedom and scholarship.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 14</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Twelve public interest organizations, including UCS, send a letter to University of Virginia (UVA) President Teresa A. Sullivan urging the university to “[balance] the interests in public disclosure against the public interest in academic freedom” in its response to a Virginia Freedom of Information Act (VFOIA) request related to Mann’s work. UCS follows the letter with a statement that expands on the letter's message.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">March 4 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Supreme Court of Virginia agrees to hear the attorney general’s appeal.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">January 12</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The University of Virginia begins negotiations with the American Tradition Institute over the time, scope, and payment for processing their January 6th FOIA request.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">January 7</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The University of Virginia responds to the attorney general's appeal to the Virginia Supreme Court. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">January 6, 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The American Tradition Institute, a free-market think tank that routinely attacks climate scientists and refuses to accept the scientific consensus on climate change, submits a Freedom of Information Act Request to the University of Virginia for the same personal correspondence that Attorney General Cuccinelli is seeking through his subpoenas. The Washington Post notes that the American Tradition Institute has affiliations with the Competitive Enterprise Institute and Exxon Mobil, both of which have sown doubt about climate science in the past.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">December 15</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Attorney General Cuccinelli submits a brief to the Virginia Supreme Court appealing the decision of a circuit court judge who threw out the original subpoenas for lack of merit. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">October 20</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In a court filing responding to the latest subpoena, UVA argues that the attorney general's investigation is “an unprecedented and improper governmental intrusion into ongoing scientific research.” The filing points out that Cuccinelli’s latest demands repeat the same arguments rejected by the county court in August. UVA also asks the court to place the case on holdto conserve UVa and state resources, while the Virginia Supreme Court resolves the attorney general’s appeal of the August decision.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS subsequently releases a statement asserting that the attorney general is "abusing his power to fight a public relations war against scientific findings" and expressing dismay at the ongoing waste of taxpayer and university funds. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">October 13</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Two dozen science graduate students protest Cuccinelli’s speech at UVA.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">October 6</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Washington Post publishes an editorial which writes that “the damage to Virginia's reputation, and to its universities' ability to attract and retain top-notch faculty and students, will not be easily undone.” In another editorial,the Richmond Times-Dispatch warns that Cuccinelli is setting a dangerous precedent, “future attorneys general hoping to score points with their political base will have less compunction about investigating "fraud" by academics whose work they don't like.”  The Virginia Pilot editorial board criticizes the financial cost of Cuccinelli’s investigation. The Washington Post's Tom Toles takes a humorous look at the investigation with his editorial cartoon about Cuccinelli.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">October 5</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS releases a statement condemning Cuccinelli’s continued, politically driven, attack on Mann and UVA. The Washington Post reports that, in addition to filing a new CID, Cuccinelli intends to appeal the current decision to the Virginia state Supreme Court. UVA says it has already spent more than $350,000 in legal fees and pledges to “continue to stand for the principles the university has articulated since the CIDs were first put forward in April -- and to support academic communities here and elsewhere.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">September 29</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cuccinelli's office issues a new Civil Investigative Demand to the University of Virginia that complies with the judge's ruling yet differs little from his original request. The attorney general asks for emails, handwritten notes, and other documents related to the work of Dr. Michael Mann yet again offers no evidence of misconduct.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">August 30</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Virginia judge dismisses Cuccinelli's investigation.  In his ruling the judge wrote "The nature of the conduct is not stated so that any reasonable person could glean what Dr. Mann did to violate the statute." UCS issues a statement calling the decision a "victory for scientific discovery."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">August 18</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS, the American Association of University Professors, and the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia issue statements regarding the brief filed on August 17.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">August 17</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS joins with the American Association of University Professors, the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia Foundation, and the Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression in filing an amicus brief with the court that is supportive of UVA.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">August 2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS releases analysis of claims made in the attorney general’s July 13 court filing, noting a dozen of its most flawed errors.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">July 23</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Richmond Times-Dispatch columnist, Barton Hinkle, writes an op-ed further discussing the dangerous precedent that the attorney general’s actions could set, arguing that the investigation hardly falls under the original intent of the Fraud Against Taxpayers Act.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">July 20</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UVA files a response brief, asking the court to set aside the subpoenas issued to the university. UVA argues that the attorney general’s filings undermine his own case, stating that the Attorney General issued the subpoena simply to challenge a professor’s peer reviewed data.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">July 13</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The attorney general files a brief in the Albemarle County Circuit Court, arguing that Mann and his colleagues have manipulated scientific data for years to back the regulation of carbon dioxide emissions. The brief claims that UVA has failed to demonstrate that the subpoena violates any legal rights. The brief also complains about the influence of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on the public discussion of climate change science.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">July 7</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The University of East Anglia’s (UEA) final independent inquiry, headed by Sir Muir Russel, finds that the “rigour and honesty” of the scientists whose emails were stolen “are not in doubt.” In December of 2009, the university appointed the former Scottish civil servant to lead the independent Climate Change Email Review of the controversy associated with the Climate Research Unit (CRU). The dispute around CRU's hacked emails has inspired a number of recent attacks against climate science and researchers.  While the report does criticize UEA’s inadequacy in addressing freedom of information requests, overall the findings further dismiss the "Climategate" scandal and any justification for Attorney General Cuccinelli’s investigation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">July 2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In an interview with the Charlottesville Daily Progress, Brian Gottstein, Cuccinelli’s director of communication says their office does not intend to respond to UCS’s criticism of their error-riddled court filing. Brian Gottstein tells the newspaper by email, “We will address any arguments that the University of Virginia has posed when we file our court brief on July 13. We do not intend to address the arguments of other parties.”  </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">July 1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Penn State University releases the final part of its investigation into charges against Mann, clearing him of misconduct. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In an interview, Cuccinelli spokesperson Brian Gottstein indicates that the attorney general's office was unfazed by the investigation. He says, “We will address any arguments that the University of Virginia has posed when we file our court brief on July 13. We do not intend to address issues outside of the courtroom.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">June 29</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UVA responds to Cuccinelli's June 11 filing. The university argues that Cuccinelli's requests for information “did not identify any legitimate reason to believe that a [Fraud Against Taxpayers Act] violation occurred.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">June 11</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cuccinelli files a response to UVA, in which he points to emails stolen from Mann and other researchers to justify his investigation. According to a UCS analysis, the response makes significant mistakes, attributing research another scientist conducted to Mann and repeating debunked claims about stolen emails. In one instance, the response mischaracterizes a criticism Mann made about a blogger's work as a criticism of Mann's own research.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 27</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The University of Virginia petitions a Virginia circuit court to set aside the Cuccinelli’s civil investigative demand. UCS commends UVA authorities for standing up for scientists and academic freedom.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 18</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS releases a letter (pdf) from more than 800 Virginia scientists and academic leaders—including nearly 300 individuals from UVA—asking the attorney general to stop the investigation. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In an article in the Daily Progress, Cuccinelli offers a confusing and dismissive response to his critics: “The same legal standards for fraud apply to the academic setting that apply elsewhere.  The same rule of law, the same objective fact-finding process will take place.”  Later in the article, he is quoted saying, "They need not worry, but I doubt anybody screaming about it will take that from me.  We’re going to work our way through the process in a professional way.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The American Association for the Advancement of Science Board of Directors issues a statement (pdf) criticizing Cuccinelli's investigation.  They write, "Mr. Cuccinelli’s investigation, unless based on a much more substantial body of evidence than is apparent, could inappropriately inhibit the free exchange of scientific findings and ideas and thus limit the progress of science."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Over thirty professors from the University of Virginia Law School send aletter (pdf) to the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia "affirming the importance of academic freedom" and urging them to contest the Civil Investigative Demand (CID) "to the fullest extent possible."  The professors write that, "[t]he CID is an effective tool of intimidation because it appears not to require the Attorney General to make any factual showing of the need for its issuance."  The professors continue: "There appears to be a serious legal basis for challenging the constitutionality of the Attorney General's CID."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The nonpartisan civil liberties organization, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) write a letter (pdf) to Cuccinelli asking him to rescind his Civil Investigative Demand and condemning "the threat to academic freedom presented by this investigation."  FIRE warns: "This investigation provides a dangerous opening for politically motivated attacks on the academy from elected officials.  Once the precedent of using FATA [Virginia's Fraud Against Taxpayers Act] to investigate academic research has been set, no professor studying anything controversial at a Virginia public institution of higher education will be safe." </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 14</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In an unusual move, the American Meteorological Society and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research write a letter to the president of UVA asking him to “uphold the tenets of academic freedom.” </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UVA announces it has hired an outside law firm to handle the Cuccinelli matter, fueling speculation that the university intends to fight the subpoena. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Washington Post editorial cartoonist Tom Toles takes aim at Cuccinelli’s investigation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 13</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Washington Post urges the UVA to fight the subpoena. “Ken Cuccinelli II has decided to misuse state funds in his personal war against climate science,” the editors write. “But that doesn't mean anyone else should cooperate.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A UVA spokesperson releases a statement implying the university would comply with the order and saying it has received a 60-day extension to respond.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Rep. Jim Moran (D-Virginia) sends a letter (doc) to Cuccinelli asking him to drop his investigation. He writes, “One can only conclude that your investigation is motivated by the desire to silence those with whom you disagree under the threat of having their grants, or lives, scrutinized under the guise of government auditing.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 12</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nature magazine publishes an editorial condemning the investigation. “Given the lack of any evidence of wrongdoing, it's hard to see Cuccinelli's subpoena…as anything more than an idealogically motivated inquisition that harasses and intimidates climate scientists.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In a tongue-in-cheek letter published in the Charlottesville Daily Progress, University of Virginia microbiologist Martin Schwartz invites the attorney general to pay him a visit. “I’ve got a pile of lab notebooks that contain results someone might disagree with,” he writes. “Could your office help me check the calculations?”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 11</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Virginia state Senator Donald McEachin (D-Henrico) issues a statementcondemning Cuccinelli’s investigation and promising to introduce legislation to prevent CIDs from being used in this way. He writes, “This is not only ludicrous and frivolous, wasting more taxpayer dollars and trampling on academic freedom, but the Attorney General has deprived Mr. Mann of his constitutional rights.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 9</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Fredericksburg Free Lance-Star editorial board writes, “…even if Mr. Cuccinelli thinks that academic scientists are ‘all in it together,’ it is wrong-headed and dangerous for him to go slashing through the ivy…Mr. Cuccinelli may be spoiling for a fight. But he should withdraw from this one, lest all Virginians rue the day he picked it.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 8</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">19 Old Dominion University professors write a letter to Cuccinelli condemning his investigation. They write that he should “cease and desist from this and further 'witch hunts' driven by partisan political agendas that waste valuable state resources in a difficult economy.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 7</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Washington Post condemns the attack. “We hope that Gov. Robert F. McDonnell (R) and the University of Virginia have the spine to repudiate Mr. Cuccinelli's abuse of the legal code,” write the editors. “If they do not, the quality of Virginia's universities will suffer for years to come.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On WAMU’s Kojo Namdi Show, Cuccinelli again claims that he is not targeting scientific conclusions, claiming his investigation is “directed at the expenditure of dollars. Whether he does a good job, bad job or I don't like the outcome—and I think everybody already knows his position on some of this is one that I question. But that is not what that's about."”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 6</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The UVA initially states that it intends to comply with the subpoena to the extent required by law.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In a letter to UVA (pdf), the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia and American Association for University Professors ask the UVA to “use every legal avenue at [their] disposal to resist providing the information demanded in the CID.” They write, “If scientists refrain from novel methodological approaches because they may be characterized as ‘fraudulent,’ then scientific research, and, by extension, society as a whole, will be the loser.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 5</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The University of Virginia Faculty Senate issues a statement (pdf) writing, “Such actions directly threaten academic freedom and, thus, our ability to generate the knowledge upon which informed public policy relies.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Governor Bob McDonald states that he cannot recall issuing a similar demand when he served as attorney general and that he has not spoken to Cuccinelli about the subpoena.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In an interview with TV station WSLS, Cuccinelli says he thinks the “jury is out” on whether or not human activity is driving global warming, but also says that his office is not “targeting scientific conclusions.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 4</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In an article for Slate.com, legal journalist Dhalia Lithwick concludes, “There are 100 vital ways for Ken Cuccinelli to spend his time and the Commonwealth's taxpayer dollars. Litigating science isn't one of them.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cuccinelli invokes debunked claims about emails from climate scientists to justify his subpoena to the Washington Post.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May 3</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UCS writes a letter to Cuccinelli asking him to rescind the subpoena. USA Today blogs about a “witch hunt” underway in Virginia.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 29</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Charlottesville independent weekly newspaper The Hook, breaks the news of the subpoena. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 23, 2010</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cuccinelli's office serves the University of Virginia with a Civil Investigative Demand, essentially subpoenaing documents related to Mann's grants when he was on the UVA faculty between 1999 and 2005.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[11/09 Climategate hack, december COP15]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2005</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Mann ends his work at the University of Virginia and becomes an Associate Professor at Penn State University in the Department of Meteorology.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">January 1, 2003</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Virginia Fraud Against Taxpayers Act goes into effect.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 17, 2002: </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Virginia state governor signs the Fraud Against Taxpayers Act.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2001-2003</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Michael Mann works as a co-investigator on the project "Resolving the Scale-wise Sensitivities in the Dynamical Coupling Between Climate and the Biosphere," funded by an internal grant award of $214,700 by the University of Virginia-Fund for Excellence in Science and Technology (FEST). All other projects of Dr. Mann's at the University of Virginia during this time period are funded by federal grants.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1999</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Michael Mann begins work as an Assistant Professor at the University of Virginia in the Department of Environmental Sciences.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-08-24-ati-exhibits.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">schnre says he will not do legal work for ati while emplyed at EPA office of enforcement</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Last Revised: 05/11/11]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">George Mason University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy (with Randal C. Teague)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Heartland Institute/Global warming experts</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare. About Me. The Hard Look. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">DeSmogBlog profile, with public climate quotes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ExxonSecrets factsheet</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Richard C. Kast UVA affidavit, October 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Category: Climate change</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">wind sturgis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Another presenter was David Schnare (middle in photo), a former government lawyer and scientist who directs the environmental law center at the American Tradition Institute, a conservative think tank that's part of a family of advocacy groups founded and funded by energy interests active in Western politics and that has been activelyworking to kill state renewable energy programs. ATI is currentlyinvolved in a controversial Freedom of Information Act lawsuit against the University of Virginia that aims to obtain the emails of Michael Mann, a former professor at the school who's a leading scholar of climate change. Paul Chesser, ATI's former executive director and now its director of communications and research, previously worked for the John Locke Foundation and led its climate-science denial efforts.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Also speaking was John Droz (left in photo), who recently became a fellow with ATI. While Droz identifies himself as a physicist and holds a master's in solid-state science from Syracuse University, he retired from industry in 1979 and has worked in real estate for the past 30 years, according to his resume. A New York native, he splits his time between homes in that state and in Morehead City. The forums were moderated by Roy Cordato, an economist who serves as JLF's vice president</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">= </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy is a relatively low budget Virginia nonprofit "dealing with the issues of improving education, government reform, economic development and environmental stewardship,"[1] although their concept of "stewardship" may differ from the norm.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The group was founded in 1985.[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[hide]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 Personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1.1 Board</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1.2 Staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 Contact</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4 Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4.1 References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4.2 Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4.3 External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4.4 External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">From December 2011:[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Board</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Michael W. Thompson, Chairman and President</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Randal C. Teague</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">...(tbd)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Michael W. Thompson, Chairman and President</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Christian N. Braunlich, vice president (also Assistant Vice President of Public Affairs for the National Association of Manufacturers, president of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, and vice president of the Center for Education Reform)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Leonard Gilroy, Senior Fellow on Government Reform (Director of Government Reform at Reason Foundation)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare, Director of TJI's Center for Environmental Stewardship (also American Tradition Institute attorney)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This organization brings in between $200k and $300k/year[3], but the origins of most of these funds are obscure - MediaMatters only shows about $300k from 1998 to 2009, the bulk from the Jaquelin Hume Foundation ($170k) and Roe Foundation ($103k)[4], and no funds reached it from the Sarah Scaife Foundation, at least for 2009 and 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contact</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Website: thomasjeffersoninst.org</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? [1] accessed 2011-12-08</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? [2] accessed December 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? [4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Randal C. Teague</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare of American Tradition Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Michael W. Thompson</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://mediamattersaction.org/transparency/organization/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy/funders</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Categories: Climate change | Stubs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Randal C. Teague, Chairman Fund for American Studies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Randal Teague has been a member of The Fund for American Studies’ Board of Trustees since 1979 and was elected chairman in 1998. He was a co-founder of the American Institute on Political and Economic Systems in Prague and was the founder of the International Institute for Political and Economic Studies in Greece.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"In addition to his work with TFAS, Teague is a partner with Vorys, Sater, Seymour & Pease, LLP. He was formerly chairman of the U.S. Agency for International Development's Advisory Committee for Voluntary Foreign Aid, a trustee of EARTH University in Costa Rica, a director of the Air Force Academy Foundation in Colorado Springs, and a senior councilor to the Atlantic Council of the United States." [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Director, Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Executive Council, America's Future Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Secretary-Treasurer, Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy (with American Tradition Institute's David W. Schnare)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Secretary, EARTH University Foundation Board of Trustees [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[hide]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 Early affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.1 References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.2 Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.3 External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.4 External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">From Teague's TFAS bio:[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Young Americans for Freedom executive director, 1968-1971</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Economic Policy Analyst in the Executive Office of President Richard Nixon. (1971-1973?)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Served on the Board of Directors and as treasurer of the American Conservative Union (ACU)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Legislative counsel and administrative assistant (chief of staff) to then-Rep. Jack F. Kemp (R-N.Y.), 1973-1979</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Staff, Fund for American Studies’, accessed July 23, 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? EARTH University Foundation Board of Trustees, EARTH University, accessed December 8, 2011.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? [1] accessed 2011-12-10</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Published on DeSmogBlog (http://www.desmogblog.com)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Home > Blogs > John Mashey's blog > See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">By John Mashey</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Created 2012-08-20 03:00</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">John Mashey [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">20 August 12 at 3:00am</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The "Wegman Report", led by Edward Wegman [8] of George Mason University (GMU) got criticized in 2010's Experts claim 2006 climate report plagiarized [9].  Experts called it "obvious" even "shocking" plagiarism.  GMU's i [10]ncompetent handling, mistreatment of complainants and flawed rulings were mostly documented in March [10], but recent FOIAs [11]expose more [12] untruths.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Is the harsh title fair?  Read on, then study the 69-page attachment. [13]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">GMU Provost Peter Stearns' February letter to GMU faculty [14] made claims of non-plagiarism that contradicted not only experts, but themselves.  The process consumed almost two years to assess four (4) pages of text.  </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Stearns' letter was even more untruthful than previously known.  It  fabricated an imaginary second investigation committee, seemingly to somehow excuse crucial contradictions.   This seemed an attempt to defend the Wegman Report at all costs, even with potential problems from Federal [15] agencies who [16] expect schools to handle misconduct properly.  They fund much of GMU's actual research, done by faculty that to the best of my knowledge are normal, credible researchers.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">However, a few groups in GMU are closely, even uniquely enmeshed with people behind the machinery of anti-science, such as Charles Koch [17], Ken Cuccinelli [18], David Schnare [19], Fred Singer [20], and Pat Michaels [21], plus the Heartland Institute [22] and key Washington think tanks.  GMU even has a long history of tobacco connections, oddly relevant [23].</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Following are a few brief summaries to motivate the title's phrases:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See No Evil: Via FOIA, the only investigation committee took 200 days to produce a 9-page report.  It ruled on Ray Bradley's three complaints based on Canadian blogger Deep Climate [24]'s early discoveries:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.5 pages [25] of text [26] mostly from Ray Bradley's book: paraphrasing, not plagiarism although serious plagiarism experts said otherwise long ago.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5.5 pages [27] of near-verbatim plagiarism of social networks text: never mentioned.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1.5 page [28] subset re-used in later paper: plagiarism, likely unavoidable, since the publisher had forced retraction in May 2011. This is an obvious contradiction.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But there was more, found by Deep Climate and others:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Another 70 pages of formally-reported plagiarism, 27 in WR alone, in 6 more articles, half Federally-funded, and four PhD dissertations: never mentioned.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Alleged falsification [29] in the Wegman Report: never mentioned.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Speak Little truth: GMU VP Roger Stough rarely told complainants much and when he did, he was often wrong or misleading, now seen more clearly by FOIA replies.  Stearns' letter   fabricated committee(s) and processes that never happened, casting doubt on the credibility of anything there.  GMU never informed Ray Bradley of any result.  GMU acknowledged receipt of other complaints, which then seemed to vanish into limbo. Complainants got no status reports.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Break Rules: FOIA replies exposed large policy-breaking schedule slips, at best poorly explained, at worst misleading.  GMU ignored its policy of pursuing all significant issues -  Stearns said there were no more investigations.   GMU's seemed to maximize discouragement and stonewalling of external complaints, even from distinguished academics like Ray Bradley or Ohio State's Rob Coleman, an experienced misconduct expert.  One can imagine GMU's handling of internal complaints, especially from junior faculty of students.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Blame Others:   GMU violated its "retaliation" policies by making false or misleading claims about Bradley, impugning his reputation and helping incite vitriolic blog attacks against him.   Universities are supposed to guard complainants from retaliation, repair it if need be, not do it themselves.  GMU owes Bradley many apologies.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Why would they do this? FOIAs have revealed actions far outside GMU's own policies, the norms of academe and possibly Federal rules.  Big universities are expected to know how to follow misconduct policies, so mere incompetence seems an insufficient explanation, especially with experienced administrators who should know better.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We cannot know exactly what happened, but GMU has some unusual connections that might help explain this.  No explicit pressure need be assumed, but a few parts of GMU are deeply involved in climate anti-science activities, so it is no surprise that something like the Wegman Report was written almost entirely by GMU faculty and students.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Funding. Charles Koch is by far the largest single foundation funder for each of GMU Foundation, its Mercatus Center and Institute for Humane Studies [30] (IHS).   His donations to these usually exceeded the research grants of most government agencies. His lieutenant Richard Fink [31] cofounded Mercatus and is a  Director of it and IHS. Koch is a Director of Mercatus and Chairman of IHS. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Money comes from other Koch allies, such as Richard Mellon Scaife [32], Searle Freedom Trust, Earhart Foundation, L&H Bradley and  DONORS Trust+Capital, [23] the second largest foundation giver, which anonymizes the real givers' identities.  The recently-discovered Knowledge and Progress Fund [33] seems to send Koch money only to DONORS.  It is a real money maze</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Governance. Nancy Mitchell Pfotenhauer [34] is the Vice-Rector of the GMU Board of Visitors. She was a Koch Industries lobbyist and an executive of Americans For Prosperity [35].  The Board also includes Kimberly Dennis [36] (Searle Freedom Trust, DONORS) and Mark McGettrick [37], Executive VP at Dominion Resources, a large utility that has donated well to the campaign of Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, as has Koch Industries.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lawyers. Ken Cuccinelli, his Deputy Wesley Russell and his ex-partner Milton Johns (Wegman's lawyer) [38] all got their JD degrees at GMU in the 1990s.  So did David Schnare, of the American Tradition Institute [39] (ATI), well-known for FOIA harassment of UVA, Michael Mann, James Hansen, Andrew Dessler and Katharine Hayhoe [40].  FOIA has legitimate uses, but can also be employed for harassment.  The reader can decide which these [41] are.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare is also an Adjunct Professor who recently taught a GMU course [42]on how to do FOIAs, use the Data Quality Act [43], using this outline [44].  it starts:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">'This course is an introduction on how to sue the government when it does what it should not do. Citizens, advocates of small government and Tenth Amendment proponents engage...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He also offers "externships" to give students practice, via a new 501(c)(3) "public charity," originally (and legally still) the George Mason Environmental Law Clinic. [45]  it is now called the Free Market ELC [46], consisting of him and Chris Horner [47], as at ATI.  He was looking for students [48] to file FOIAs against some Virginia university, likely not GMU.[Mann? UVA?]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Conclusion. We cannot know whether the strange process and absurd rulings came from overt pressure or implicit GMU culture.  A few parts of GMU form a very large gear in the machinery of anti-science and they defended Wegman at all costs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Public funding of research depends on credibility, of which little is found in GMU's handling of this case.  Maybe it is time for a first-ever institutional debarment from Federal funding until they rebuiild a track record of normal behavior.  Given the credibility problems of key people, this may require outside teams.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Finally, people might recall the potential felony issues raised here [49]  and wonder if this process might add more obstruction of justice to the mix.  The old saying may apply: "It's not the crime - it's the cover-up."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic’s purpose is to make lawyers and make (case) law. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable institution working alongside the George Mason University School of Law and other law schools.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Clinic prosecutes cases that hold governments accountable when they violate their own rules, whether administrative or Constitutional. Central to our strategy is a petition-litigation practice that requires courts to reevaluate prior decisions, hold agencies and government employees to account, and put false science on trial.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In addition to coordinating with legal experts to identify strong plaintiffs, we serve as a clearing-house for expert witnesses, research, amicus briefs, and consultations to like-minded litigators nationwide.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FME Law seeks to provide a counter-weight to the litigious environmental movement that fosters an economically destructive regulatory regime in the United States. The environmental movement’s litigation strategy is particularly troublesome. Since the beginning of the movement in the 1970s, eight major litigating environmental organizations have filed more than 3,250 cases and EarthJustice alone has nearly 150 cases pending. Radical environmentalism has also taken over the classroom. The number of activist environmental law clinics – over 30. The number of free-market environmental law clinics – one, ours.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">gmu </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Litigation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The FME Law Clinic provides litigation and research services to qualified clients.  We concentrate on cases involving landmark free-market pro-environmental litigation; use of open records and data quality laws to force greater governmental accountability and transparency; and, cases that allow the Clinic to help create the next generation of free market oriented attorneys.  The Clinic has paired with the American Tradition Institute in order to prosecute three cases, described below.  In addition, the Clinic has an active Freedom of Information Act practice.  Current FOIAs are also listed below.  At the bottom of this page is a brief description of new litigation the Clinic is contemplating pursuing.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Active Cases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Occoquan Watershed Coalition v. EPA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FME Law is representing the Occoquan Watershed Coalition (OWC ) in a law suit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The OWC alleges that EPA has violated the Tenth Amendment by imposing a water quantity standard on Virginia and Fairfax County that will cost as much as $225 Million. If the County is forced to spend that much money on a single watershed, it will mean not one of the other 29 watersheds in the County will receive funds for their restoration, including the eight watersheds in the OWC’s territory.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">real site: http://www.pwconserve.org/issues/occoquan/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Occoquan Reservoir is currently listed on Virginia's Dirty Water List. The concerns include high levels of phosphorous, turbidity, low dissolved oxygen, the presence of copper sulfate and the growing presence of pharmaceuticals. These water quality problems are directly linked to human land uses, including a growing population and poor management of development patterns in the Occoquan Watershed.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">However, due to variations in data collection protocols between the EPA and Virginia Tech's Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Lab, the Occoquan Reservoir is listed only for aquatic life impairments. Concerns about the presence of copper sulfate, added to Reservoir waters to prevent algae blooms (caused by high phosphorous levels), were discussed but not included in the final 2004 dirty waters list.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Growth and development means that many acres of wetlands and forests are replaced by roads and rooftops. Natural filters are replaced with land surfaces that feed pollutants into the air, water and soil.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">--</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Occoquan Reservoir is an important drinking water supply for more than one million people who live and work in Northern Virginia. The Occoquan Reservoir supplies about 40% of the clean drinking water for 1.7 million people and, in an emergency, can supply the whole demand.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Over half Prince William's total county population, located generally in the eastern portion of the county, depends on the Occoquan Reservoir for about 17 million gallons of clean drinking water each day. West Prince William and Fairfax residents drink a mix of water from the Occoquan Reservoir and the Potomac River, making it difficult to tell where the water is from on any given day.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute v. University of Virginia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(records of Dr. Michael Mann, Freedom of Information Act Petition filed May 16, 2011)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center and Virginia Delegate Robert Marshall asked a Prince William County judge, under the Commonwealth’s Freedom of Information Act, to expedite the release of documents withheld by the University of Virginia that pertain to the work of its former environmental sciences assistant professor Dr. Michael Mann. The legal action followed a delay by UVA of more than four months since ATI and Del. Marshall made their original request on Jan. 6.  Twelve months after the initial request the matter remains in court with UVA seeking to deny the public copies of emails for which they paid.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The court has ordered the parties to identify exemplar emails that will serve as the basis for legal challenges to UVA’s refusal to release 12,000 emails that chronicle the history of keystone efforts in the early climate change alarmism. We expect this matter will end up in the Supreme Court of Virginia and if successful its discovery and production will prove invaluable to energy policymaking at the state and federal levels domestically, as well as internationally.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute v. State of Colorado, et al. (filed April 4, 2011)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center filed a lawsuit in federal court challenging the constitutionality of Colorado’s Renewable Energy Standard, based upon evidence that the state’s law violates the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The Commerce Clause reserves the regulation of interstate commerce to the federal government.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The court has under consideration a motion for the Sierra Club to intervene, as well as a challenge to ATI’s standing. The next phase of the case will be extensive discovery followed by motions for summary judgment. The case is expected to be appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In Re Accotink Creek TMDL – a Data Quality Act challenge to EPA’s Clean Water Act over-regulation of a local stream.  EPA was forced to drop a major element of the TMDL that has been used nationally to directly replace local land use planning and controls.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Resolved Cases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> American Tradition Institute v. National Aeronautics and Space Administration</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(records of Dr. James Hansen, Freedom of Information Act Petition filed June 21, 2011)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> On June 21, 2011 American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center filed a lawsuit in federal district court in the District of Columbia to force NASA to release ethics records for Dr. Hansen. The action followed NASA’s denial of ATI’s federal Freedom of Information Act request with NASA, seeking records detailing whether and how ‘global warming’ activist Dr. James Hansen of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) has complied with applicable federal ethics and financial disclosure laws and regulations, and NASA Rules of Behavior.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> This case forced NASA and the U.S. Office of Governmental Ethics to change its policy on release of public documents as well as how NASA and others implement their ethics responsibilities (poorly). It has resulted in an ongoing investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Government Operations.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FOIA Actions</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  University of Virginia – Requested Mann emails associated with his academic duties. This matter is now before a Virginia Circuit Court for failure of UVA to meet its responsibilities under the Virginia FOIA and to challenge the University’s claims that 12,000 emails are exempt from FOIA. Mann has entered the case as a party (defendant). As of early 2012 we are in motions practice on our effort to proceed to discovery.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  University of Virginia – Requested Michael Mann’s research logs or the written authorization allowing Mann to take his log upon his departure from UVA. The University responded stating it did not have a log and had no release authorization. UVA also refused to inquire as to whether Mann actually kept a research log. As such, FME Law has effectively established that he kept no research log which is why no one, including Mann, can duplicate the research underpinning his infamous Hockey Stick-shaped reconstruction of global temperature.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  University of Virginia – Requested evidence that 15 faculty members who engaged in publishing peer-reviewed scientific papers actually kept research logs associated with that research. The University requires faculty to maintain such logs so that others can duplicate the research using the exact same methods. Of the 15, only one research log was found, and it belonged to a clinical assistant. Not one faculty member appears to have kept a research log.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  George Mason University – Requested and received the Wegman records sought by USA Today, thereby establishing what is proper, and what are disparate, implementation practices under Virginia’s FOI law by different universities or, arguably, depending on the published views of the subject of the FOI request. Professor Wegman’s emails document the validity of the deconstruction of the Mann Hockey Stick.???</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – Requested Jim Hansen’s ethics compliance records regarding outside employment and other activity. We established that Dr. Hansen received approximately ten times his salary in gifts, outside employment and speaking fees, all as a result of his environmental advocacy. Should he choose to testify again in Congress he now has specific, troubling questions to answer. His records show he and his supervisors failed to properly follow the NASA ethics requirements.  On behalf of ATI Law, the FME Law Clinic filed to force release of the records in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.  NASA settled the matter, releasing all records sought, and we are in the fee-recovery stage of this litigation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  Harvard-Smithsonian – Requested records provided Greenpeace regarding correspondence associated with the Soon/Baliunas. These were received in a timely fashion. Soon and Baliunas published a landmark paper debunking the argument that the Medieval Warming Period was only a Northern Hemisphere phenomena, showing it was a global event.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  Harvard-Smithsonian – Requested additional correspondence reflecting the efforts revealed in “Climategate” emails to seek the dismissal of Soon and Baliunas in response to their having published particular research. These documents have not been produced on a timely basis and may require litigation to free them.[some in ATI UCS docs]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  National Science Foundation – Requested Verardo/Mann correspondence. Mann refused to release fundamental data and results used to support his Hockey Stick temperature reconstruction. When the same data was sought from the National Science Foundation, who provided the grant for Mann’s research, NSF’s Verardo refused to provide the data. ATI sought the email correspondence between Mann and Verardo associated with this matter. NSF claimed it possessed no such records though on appeal FME Law provided certain responsive correspondence which is already publically available on the internet, and noted our ability to establish the existence of more. FME Law appealed this response. NSF’s responded on January 19, 2012 seeking a ten-day extension to consult internally, as is permitted by statute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  National Science Foundation – Requested additional documents associated with the Verardo/Mann discussions on disclosure of Mann’s data. After invoking statutory authority for a ten-day extension to consult internally, as the request seeks certain records produced by the general counsel’s office, NSF promised a response by February 2, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  National Science Foundation – Requested other Verardo/Mann Correspondence during the time of NAS panel on climate change for a broader window of time than the original request sought.  NSF has promised a response by January 25, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  University of Arizona – Requested correspondence among Hughes, Mann and Overpeck associated with efforts to have journal editors fired on the basis that they accepted papers critical of Mann. UofA has acknowledged receipt of the FOIA but has not responded and are under no specific statutory time constraint. This may require litigation to force production in a reasonable period of time.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  U.S. Department of Justice – Requested copies of documents associated with the release of emails from the University of East Anglia (Climategate), beginning in 2009 and through the recent British criminal investigation, in which DOJ has participated. A response was due on January 19, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  Texas Tech – Requested documents of erstwhile “climate” chapter contributor Professor Katharine Hayhoe to, from and citing Newt Gingrich, and his forthcoming book on environmental issues.  The University refused to produce the documents, producing one redacted email affirming Hayhoe was indeed engaged by Gingrich’s co-author to produce the chapter, as well as the chapter’s inclusion in the book as of December 7, 2011, despite Gingrich claims to the contrary days later.  FME Law has appealed this unlawful redaction and filed a complaint with the Texas Attorney General regarding TTU’s admission that they violated the Texas transparency laws by failing to seek the AG’s approval [abbott?] before withholding responsive information. FME Law requested the AG compel TTU to produce responsive records, and submitted a second request going back to the date of the first request for Hayhoe’s chapter, in 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Requested copies of policies and internal guidance on how the agency processes citizen petitions authorized under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This is the first step in a planned examination on whether EPA processes petitions from those it endorses as compared to those who criticize the agency.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Prospective Cases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI v. US. Forest Service – ATI is seeking support for, and asked FME Law to prepare, a FOIA, Endangered Species Act and Data Quality Act petition-litigation action to force full implementation of National Forest Management Plans that require logging in order to prevent forest fires that causing destruction of endangered species habitat and which would also create new timber and mill jobs and reinvigorate a moribund national timber industry.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A Association v. EPA – The FME Law Clinic is preparing a petition-litigation action to force EPA to revise rules costing over $60 billion and which fail to properly target the actual source of harmful PM2.5 air pollutants, regulating industries that do not contribute to the hazard and failing to regulate some that do.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">News & Press Releases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Press Release</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">01/04/2013 - Court Decision on Accotink Creek Fails to Solve the Problem</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On behalf of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition and the Springfield District Council, the FME Law Clinic filed a motion for summary judgment that asks the Court to declare that EPA does not have authority to force either Virginia or Fairfax County to implement a Total Maximum Daily Limit for nonpoint source water pollutants, much less one that neither can afford.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The press release is available here: 2013-1-4 MSJ filing press release</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> =</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">bs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare, Esq. Ph.D. is an attorney and scientist with 33 years of federal and private sector experience consulting on and litigating local, state, federal and international environmental legislative, regulatory, risk management and free-market environmentalism issues. [PhD -University of North Carolina 1979, Juris Doctor Cum Laude-George Mason University School of Law 1999)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. He is a member of the Bars of the United States Supreme Court, U.S. Courts of Appeal for the Second and Fourth Circuits, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Schnare is an administrative law specialist and currently serves on the ABA’s Administrative Law Council and as Deputy Chairman of the Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice Section’s Continuing Education Committee. His practice has included a federal, state and local caseload. He maintains an active program of academic research supporting local and state legislative initiatives and has federal regulatory experience with EPA, OSHA, IRS, NMFS, NOAA, FDA, HRSA, ATSDR, CDC, FAA, Bu. Rec., BLM, MMS, FWS, and the Corps of Engineers. In addition to his position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare is a Senior Fellow of the Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy. He has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board, and serves as Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition and as Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In addition to legal responsibilities, Dr. Schnare has managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental policy issues, as reflected in his published works. He is the author and editor of 55 books, chapters and major articles on environmental management, policy and law, which include:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Market-Based Solutions to Chesapeake Bay Clean-Up”, a two-part analysis of funding needs and options, prepared at the request of the Virginia Legislature, Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. (2005)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Inevitable Growth”, American Chamber of Commerce Executives 2001 Management Symposium, March 15, 2001.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Environmental Rationality and Judicial Review: When Benefits Justify Costs Under the Safe Drinking Water Amendments of 1996”, 5 Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy (1) 65. (1998)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“The Stewardship Ethic - Resolving the Environmental Dilemma” in Environmental Risk Decision Making, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton. (1996)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Evaluating Engineering to Ensure a Sustainable Environment” in Cleaner Production - Environmental and Economic Perspectives Springer-Verlang, Berlin. (1996)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Raid on Sanity: Policy and Economic Analysis of Radionuclide Removal from Drinking Water” in Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water Lewis Pub., Chelsea, Michigan. (1990)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Chemical Contamination and Its Victims: The Scientific, Legal and Medical Challenge, (Ed. Schnare, David W. and Katzman, M.) Quorum Press, Westport, Conn. (1989) </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lawyer in Climate Science Case May Have Broken Ethics Rules</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Did a climate change denying attorney at the EPA mislead his bosses?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">—By Kate Sheppard| Tue Oct. 9, 2012 3:00 AM PDT</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Last month, the University of Virginia won a legal battle to protect the private emails of one of its former researchers. The records had been requested by a group critical of the scientific consensus on global warming.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The close of the 20-month public records fight brought interesting documents to light—including some suggesting that one of the group's lawyers had misrepresented his employment status, and had been fighting the case while working a federal job, a potential violation of ethics rules.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On September 17, Judge Paul Sheridan of the Prince William County Circuit Court ruled that the Virginia Freedom of Information Act did not apply to data and records created in the course of scholarship. The decision barred the American Tradition Institute, a "free-market"-minded think tank, from accessing the emails of Michael Mann, a well-known climate scientist who previously worked at the University of Virginia.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mann, now the director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, is the co-author of a widely-cited paper that included the so-called "hockey stick" chart documenting the uptick of global temperatures in the industrial age.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">His work has long made him the subject of attacks from climate change deniers. But things ramped up in 2009 when over one thousand stolen emails between climate scientists, including some sent by Mann, were released. While at least nine academic and governmental investigations have exonerated the scientists, climate skeptics argued that the emails revealed a conspiracy to fix data, most notably around his famous chart. In the wake of that kerfuffle, others have sought to access Mann's inbox through legal means.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2010, a judge rebuffed a subpoena from Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, a Republican and a climate change skeptic, for Mann's emails. Then in January 2011, ATImade its request under the state's open records law, on behalf of itself and state Delegate Robert Marshall, another vocal climate change critic. University of Virginia, ATI, andMann's lawyer have been wrangling over the information ever since.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI has offices in Colorado and Washington, DC, and is closely affiliated with the American Tradition Partnership, a 501(c)4 that bills itself as "a no-compromise grassroots organization dedicated to fighting the radical environmentalist agenda." As the Institute for Southern Studies has documented, both groups and the people involved with them have extensive ties to energy interests and have led other attacks on climate science and renewable energy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI's network includes very well-known climate deniers, like Chris Horner, who serves as the director of litigation for ATI's Environmental Law Center. He's also a senior fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and a frequent contributor to right-wing blogs. The director of ATI's Environmental Law Center, David Schnare, worked at the Environmental Protection Agency for 33 years, most recently as a senior attorney.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In ATI's suit seeking Mann's emails, those two lawyers argued that the work—including the email correspondence—of any scientist at a state university or federal agency should be subject to open records laws.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In May 2011, UVA and ATI had entered into a protective order that would have allowed ATI's lawyers—Schnare and Horner—to review the records in order to contest their withholding, on the condition that the information not be shared. UVA president Teresa Sullivan said the school would use "all available exemptions" to protect academic freedom.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">According to Megan Rhyne, the executive director of the Virginia Coalition for Open Government, this arrangement allowing ATI's attorneys full review of the documents was very unusual. And the university was particularly troubled that Horner and Schnare were ATI officials who were deeply involved in anti-climate science circles, and not merely hired outside counsel. With the risk that they might share information in the documents in mind, in October 2011, UVA's lawyer filed an affidavit with the court, citing "disturbingly inaccurate" information in the press that seemed to have originated with Schnare and Horner about the protective order. They also noted that Delegate Marshall, who was not permitted to see the claimed exemptions, had told the Washington Times that he wanted "to look at what they've given us and examine what they've withheld and see why it's been withheld," which would be a clear violation of the terms of the protective order.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The school asked to modify the order noting it had "developed increasing concerns about the reasonableness of its agreement to allow these two individuals access to exempt records." The school feared that the pair would not review the documents as disinterested legal experts, but would use the information to advance the political mission of ATI and to attack Mann. In its request to modify the order, UVA also noted additional information they'd received since May that had raised alarms about whether ATI's lawyers were being entirely honest. In particular, the school felt that Schnare had misrepresented himself by claiming that he had already left his job at the EPA when this order was issued back in May. In fact, Schnare noted in an email to UVA's lawyers dated September 29, 2011 (included as Exhibit 21 here) that he was only leaving his job the next day—September 30.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Working for ATI while at EPA isn't in itself a problem, necessarily: ethics rules allow federal lawyers to do pro bono work, provided they receive permission and that they only conduct that business outside of work hours and work facilities.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In court documents, Schnare says he sought prior permission from the EPA. But UVA provided the court a letter from the EPA that, while acknowledging such a memo from Schnare, says its first record of that memo is also from September 2011—when Schnare provided it in response to a media request, and after Schnare had been seeking the documents on ATI's behalf for nine months. The EPA's letter (included as Exhibit 26 here) raises some questions regarding his approval request:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The request for approval of the outside activity was purportedly prepared by Mr. Schnare on or about November 16, 2010, but neither his Deputy Ethics Official nor his Assistant Deputy Ethics Official has any record of receiving it or approving this request to engage in outside activity.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In its court filing, UVA raises concerns that Schnare's letter "may have been prepared after the fact." The university's lawyers also note that the memo refers to the American Tradition Institute, even though at the time that memo had purportedly been drafted the organization was actually known as the "Western Tradition Institute." UVA's filing goes on to note that even if Schnare did have permission from EPA, "he frequently and consistently communicated with counsel for the University and its Public Records officer during regular weekday business hours," and provides time stamped emails to back up that assertion.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UVA concludes in its filing that:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">University counsel can no longer defend their willingness to entrust tens of thousands of pages of personal, scholarly, and research communications from Professor Mann and other scientists to two individuals who have regrettably provided far too many reasons to doubt that their words may be trusted.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI responded with a filing disparaging UVA's argument as a discourteous and "error-filled personal attack." It argued that his request had been properly filed but lost in the EPA bureaucracy, and provided a computer printout purporting to show that the document had been created in November 2010 (exhibit 5). While ATI's response includes a copy of the contested permission memo where Schnare pledges not to do any work on the case using EPA equipment or during working hours, it does not address UVA's time stamped emails suggesting he may have. Nor does it address the issue of the American Tradition Institute's name change. (The EPA's press office did not respond to multiple requests to comment on Schnare's employment status and permission to do outside work.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare insisted in an interview with Mother Jones that he had proper authorization to litigate the email case. "I had permission to do legal work outside of work that did not directly involve the EPA or issues in front of the EPA and this is one of them," he said. He added that the work was pro bono and insisted it was done outside of his day job.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">While the court's ruling on Mann's emails didn't touch on ATI's motivations or Schnare's employment, the legal record suggests that ATI's own lawyer may have been working on the case while at has taxpayer-funded EPA job. Wherever and whenever Schnare did his lawyering, ATI's main argument for why they should have had access the emails was to "fulfill the public's right to know how taxpayer-funded employees use the taxpayer's resources."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Peter Fontaine, the lawyer representing Mann in the case, called the court's decision a victory for science. "Scientists and public universities across the United States are under attack by industry-funded attack groups who seek to confuse the public about the scientific facts on climate change," he said. "But rather than engage in an honest debate over the facts, such groups attempt to chill scientific research itself by using public records laws to tie-up faculty and university resources by filing FOIA requests seeking faculty correspondence, which they want to 'crowd-source' on the world wide web."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare told Mother Jones that the group will most likely appeal the decision to the Virginia Supreme Court. In the meantime, ATI has broadened its records-law tactic to include the emails of other prominent climate scientists like Texas A&M University's Andrew Dessler and Texas Tech's Katharine Hayhoe, including their correspondence with reporters. Environmental and academic groups, as well as other climate scientists, say ATI is again using this tool to intimidate and burden scientists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">hu experiment (tho ok w/ chemical in drink water to kill algae?]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ALEXANDRIA DIVISION</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The American Tradition Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Environmental Law Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 9033 Brook Ford Rd.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Burke, VA 22015</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Plaintiffs,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">v.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">PROTECTION AGENCY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Washington, DC 20460, </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Defendants.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Civil Action No. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">DECLARATION OF DAVID W. SCHNARE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I, David W. Schnare, under penalty of perjury and in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1746, </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">declare as follows:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1. I reside at 9033 Brook Ford Road, Burke Virginia 22015 and make this </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Declaration based upon my personal experience. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2. My parents selected my name, David, to honor the last male relative to die before </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">my birth. That man’s name was David Steiner, a Jew who died in Buchenwald concentration </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">camp on May 3, 1945, 21 days after the camp was liberated. Tattooed on his body was the </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">number 59059. See, http://www.buchenwald.de/totenbuch/. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3. German physicians conducted large-scale human experimentation at Buchenwald.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Some 729 inmates were used as test subjects, of whom 154 died. This human experimentation </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://eelegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/2012-09-11-Schnare-Declaration.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">914v capt</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">gmulaw990</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">SCHNARE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare, DEdit</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">at epa in 1990? fluride?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare is a Virginia attorney who works on behalf of the contrarian American Tradition Institute (ATI). A climate inactivist, he has affiliations with ATI and with the Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy; and as attorneys for ATI, he and Chris Horner (who also wears two ATI hats) are involved in the ATI legal action seeking to let him and Horner review thousands of climatologist Michael Mann's University of Virginia emails, including emails deemed exempt from FOIA.[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 Employment/Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 Climate contrarianism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3.1 Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare reported in December 2011,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Until my retirement from Federal service, I worked pro bono. I have not, to date, been compensated for my work on any ATI law case. I am receiving partial funding for my work with an Environmental Law Clinic that is undertaking legal research for the Thomas Jefferson Institute, a 501(c)(3) non-profit."[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He reports no work relationship with sister 501(c)(4) the American Tradition Partnership.[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare's ATI bio reports[3] he has:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"a PhD in Environmental Management from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, a Master of Science in Public Health-Environmental Science from the University of North Carolina’s School of Public Health, and a Baccalaureate Degree from Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa, where he majored in chemistry and mathematics."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. ... In addition to his [former] position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare ...has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board."[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate contrarianism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In December 2011, Schnare explained his views, saying he doesn't deny anthropogenic global warming:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"I believe the climate is changing and that there is a human signal in that change. I simply don't find sufficient evidence that the human contribution constitutes a matter of such significance to require large economic impacts on our current energy mix, much less the secondary harm to human health and the environment that alarmist policies have already cases and will exacerbate in the future."[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the past, Schnare has said that the science isn't clear (2007 Senate testimony)[6], and that if the science is clear, then it's too late to cut carbon emissions,(March 16, 2008)[6], it's too expensive to cut carbon emissions(May 12, 2010)[6], and we should go straight to geoengineering.(March 16, 2008)[6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Schnare identifies his expertise as follows:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Any competent scientist with qualifications in statistical analysis and understanding the scientific method is capable of assessing climate science if they take the time, and are given the opportunity to examine the data and methods used by a "climate scientist". My courses of study leading to a PhD in Environmental Science and an MSPH provided me both."[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc., "a professional corporation providing legal representation, legal and policy analysis"[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare is listed among the "Heartland Institute/Global warming experts".</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment[7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2011 Schnare and fellow American Tradition Institute attorney Chris Horner sued the University of Virginia for access to thousands of Michael Mann's emails, including his correspondence with 39 other climate scientists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But the University of Virginia's court filings[2][3] argued that ATI publicity and actions of ATI principals Schnare and Christopher Horner - both of whom were acting as both attorney and petitioner - had raised serious questions about whether in their role as attorneys for ATI they could be trusted to abide by the previous ruling's requirement to keep the content of the exempt emails private.[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Sue Sturgis (2011-10-31). SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: Who's behind the 'information attacks' on climate scientists? -. The Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved on 2011-11-01.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? 2.0 2.1 "I do not work with or for the Partnership." Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-13; Can't check since ATP/WTP's IRS returns, if any, are not available on Guidestar as of 2011-12-14.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Staff & Board of Directors. American Tradition Institute. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? David W. Schnare. About Me. TheHardLook blog. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? 5.0 5.1 Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-14</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 David Schnare. DeSmogBlog. Retrieved on 2011-11-08.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? David Schnare. ExxonSecrets Factsheet. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Timeline: Legal Harassment of Climate Scientist Michael Mann. Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved on 2011-11-03.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare. About Me. The Hard Look. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Another presenter was David Schnare (middle in photo), a former government lawyer and scientist who directs the environmental law center at the American Tradition Institute, a conservative think tank that's part of a family of advocacy groups founded and funded by energy interests active in Western politics and that has been actively working to kill state renewable energy programs. ATI is currently involved in a controversial Freedom of Information Act lawsuit against the University of Virginia that aims to obtain the emails of Michael Mann, a former professor at the school who's a leading scholar of climate change. Paul Chesser, ATI's former executive director and now its director of communications and research, previously worked for the John Locke Foundation and led its climate-science denial efforts.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Also speaking was John Droz (left in photo), who recently became a fellow with ATI. While Droz identifies himself as a physicist and holds a master's in solid-state science from Syracuse University, he retired from industry in 1979 and has worked in real estate for the past 30 years, according to his resume. A New York native, he splits his time between homes in that state and in Morehead City. The forums were moderated by Roy Cordato, an economist who serves as JLF's vice president</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">facing so</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Credentials</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">J.D., George Mason University School of Law (1999).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">PhD, Environmental Management, the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (1979).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">M.Sc., Public Health-Environmental Science, University of North Carolina School of Public Health.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bachelor’s Degree (chemistry and math major), Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Source: [1], [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Background</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare is the "Director of the Center for Environmental Stewardship" at the Thomas Jefferson Institute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Thomas Jefferson Institute lists Schnare as an attorney and scientist  who "managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental and policy issues."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare was past Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition, and Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee. He is CEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schare has called for "geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects of global warming, at least for a few decades…" [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Stance on Climate Change</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"When it comes to global warming, I'm a skeptic because the conclusions about the cause of the apparent warming stand on the shoulders of incredibly uncertain data and models…" [4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare has said that it is too late to curb global warming because "The world has already exceeded the greenhouse gas emissions 'tipping point' beyond which catastrophic warming cannot be stopped." [5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He believes that the IPCC's science "could be wrong. But it could also be right. And, what if the IPCC predictions are true? Then, as the first truth states, it's too late, and the climate scientific community has admitted as much." [6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Key Quotes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"As Ken Caldeira, a professor of climate science at Stanford University, explains, reducing greenhouse gases will cost around 2 percent of the gross domestic product while geo-engineering (by putting reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere) will cost about one-thousandth of that." [7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"These propagandists [Stephen Schneider and other scientists involved in 'Climategate'] are not to be confused with the majority of scientists who have no political agenda and who simply want to be scientists. These are often the scientists who are under attack and should not be. Among them are Richard Lindzen, MIT, Roger Pielke, Sr., University of Colorado – Boulder, and John Christy, UAH. These people refuse to go beyond where observation takes them. They are under attack because they refuse to participate in the propaganda campaigns." [8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"The Virginia plan to reduce greenhouse gases by a mere 30 percent by 2020 is too little, too late and so is the even more aggressive IPCC proposal to reduce them by 80 percent." [5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Those of us familiar with the coal-fired power plant industry have long recognised that CCS may be slightly more than a pipe-dream, but will never be affordable or practicable for the vast majority of coal-fired plants. Yet no one in the bureaucracy has had the courage to stand up and refute this politically correct but scientifically bankrupt concept." [9]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Tea Parties are scathingly and properly scathingly opposed to the climate change proposals that have emerged over the past decade. They see the economic consequences of such action, and applying the principles of 'opportunity costs' and the need for honest science, including full transparency in the scientific discussion." [10]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"The energy windmills offer is not free, not clean, not reliable and not consistent. And it doesn’t create new jobs." [11]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare was a speaker at the Heartland Institute's Sixth International Conference on Climate Change. [12]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nov, 2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Featured speaker (PDF) at the fall Climate Change Conference sponsored by the National Chamber of Commerce and the Virginia Chamber. [13]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This conference “brought scores of business leaders together to discuss the climate change/environmental issues facing our nation and our state.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare advocated geo-engineering in his presentation where he explained that through "artificially seeding the atmosphere with non-polluting reflective particles (that slowly descend to the surface of the earth) we can keep the earth’s atmosphere cool as we work to find economically feasible alternatives to carbon-based fuels." He concludes that "this is a more acceptable concept than severely restricting our economic growth through drastic government regulation." [14]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April, 2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Spoke at the Heartland Institute's 2008 International Conference on Climate Change where he introduced his paper (.pdf), titled "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative,” which was published by the Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Although the paper does imply that global warming may be due in part to increases in Greenhouse Gases caused by humans, he believes that it is too late to try to reduce our emissions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The abstract states that our situation "calls for geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects, at least for a few decades; an immediate reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) where those reductions actually save money (the “no regrets” alternatives); significantly expanded use of and research on low-cost carbon sequestration that removes GHGs from the atmosphere or reduces carbon emissions; and some breathing space within which to further assess some of the global warming theories that, if disproven, would point humanity toward lesser or greater reliance on alternative climate change responses."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare continues, stating that "A perusal of [the Geophysical Research Letters journal], however, finds well documented, peer- reviewed papers indicating there appears to be some merit to arguments that warming over the past 40 years reflects a normal, if chaotic cycle that may overlay anthropogenic (human caused) warming, but alone explains the majority of observed warming."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For support, Schanre quotes skeptical scientists such as Petr Chylek, Dennis Avery, Fred Singer and Alan Carlin. The suggested geo-engineering projects are reminiscent of those recommended by Bjorn Lomborg including ocean-based cloud creation, ocean fertilization, and ocean carbon sequesterization.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare also describes "High Cost Actions" that would be too expensive to implement to reduce carbon emissoins including:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">All forms of direct solar power (photovoltaic and CSP)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Residential and commercial HVAC high efficiency equipment (a LEED element)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Carbon Capture at coal-fired power plants and carbon-intensive industrial processes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Re-forestation of crop land</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Medium and high penetration onshore wind power</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Biomass power generation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Shifting from coal to gas electricity generation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">September 26, 2007</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Testified before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, referencing his report titled "Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay" where he argues that we need to apply geo-engineering to prevent global warming, and that "any investments in reducing greenhouse gases…would be the greatest threat to the [Chesapeake] Bay." [7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy — Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment. [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Heartland Institute — "Expert." [15]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Publications</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A Google Scholar search returns one article written by David Schnare on the subject of climate, titled "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground," published by the Thomas Jefferson Institute. He has not published any articles on climate in peer-reviewed journals.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> "Staff and Scholars," Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> "Staff & Board of Directors," American Tradition Institute. Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> David W. Schnare. "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative" (PDF), The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> "U.S. Senate Report: Over 400 Prominent Scientists Disputed Man-Made Global Warming Claims in 2007," U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works, December 20, 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> David Schnare. "Emergency Preparedness for Climate Change" (.doc) The Jefferson Journal, March 16, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> David Schnare. "Four Truths about Climate Change," The Jefferson Journal (.doc), November 3, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> "Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay" (PDF), David Schnare's testimony before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, September 26, 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> David Schnare. "What Real Scientists Do: Global Warming Science vs. Global Whining Scientists," MasterResource, March 16, 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> David Schnare. "Climate Science Policy Needs a 'Team B',” MasterResource. May 18, 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> David Schnare. "A Tea Party Environmental Platform," Bacon's Rebellion, May 12, 2010. Archived May 20, 2011.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> David Schnare. "Death by Wind," Jefferson Policy Journal, February 17, 2011.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> "Speakers," International Conference on Climate Change (climateconference.heartland.org). Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> "Virginia Climate Change & Energy Business Summit" (PDF), Yourenergyfuture.org.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> "Annual Report 2008" (PDF), Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> "Heartland Experts: David Schnare," The Heartland Institute. Accessed February, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy is a relatively low budget Virginia nonprofit "dealing with the issues of improving education, government reform, economic development and environmental stewardship,"[1] although their concept of "stewardship" may differ from the norm.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The group was founded in 1985.[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 Personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1.1 Board</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1.2 Staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 Contact</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4.1 References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4.2 Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4.3 External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4.4 External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">From December 2011:[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Michael W. Thompson, Chairman and President</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Randal C. Teague</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">...(tbd)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Michael W. Thompson, Chairman and President</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Christian N. Braunlich, vice president (also Assistant Vice President of Public Affairs for the National Association of Manufacturers, president of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, and vice president of the Center for Education Reform)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Leonard Gilroy, Senior Fellow on Government Reform (Director of Government Reform at Reason Foundation)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Schnare, Director of TJI's Center for Environmental Stewardship (also American Tradition Institute attorney)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This organization brings in between $200k and $300k/year[3], but the origins of most of these funds are obscure - MediaMatters only shows about $300k from 1998 to 2009, the bulk from the Jaquelin Hume Foundation ($170k) and Roe Foundation ($103k)[4], and no funds reached it from the Sarah Scaife Foundation, at least for 2009 and 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contact</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Website: thomasjeffersoninst.org</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? [2] accessed December 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? [4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare of American Tradition Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Michael W. Thompson</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://mediamattersaction.org/transparency/organization/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy/funders</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Categories: Climate change | Stubs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Randal C. Teague, Chairman Fund for American Studies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Randal Teague has been a member of The Fund for American Studies’ Board of Trustees since 1979 and was elected chairman in 1998. He was a co-founder of the American Institute on Political and Economic Systems in Prague and was the founder of the International Institute for Political and Economic Studies in Greece.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"In addition to his work with TFAS, Teague is a partner with Vorys, Sater, Seymour & Pease, LLP. He was formerly chairman of the U.S. Agency for International Development's Advisory Committee for Voluntary Foreign Aid, a trustee of EARTH University in Costa Rica, a director of the Air Force Academy Foundation in Colorado Springs, and a senior councilor to the Atlantic Council of the United States." [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Secretary-Treasurer, Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy (with American Tradition Institute's David W. Schnare)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Secretary, EARTH University Foundation Board of Trustees [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 Early affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.3 External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.4 External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early affiliations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">From Teague's TFAS bio:[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Young Americans for Freedom executive director, 1968-1971</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Economic Policy Analyst in the Executive Office of President Richard Nixon. (1971-1973?)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Served on the Board of Directors and as treasurer of the American Conservative Union (ACU)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Legislative counsel and administrative assistant (chief of staff) to then-Rep. Jack F. Kemp (R-N.Y.), 1973-1979</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? Staff, Fund for American Studies’, accessed July 23, 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? EARTH University Foundation Board of Trustees, EARTH University, accessed December 8, 2011.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">? [1] accessed 2011-12-10</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Home > Blogs > John Mashey's blog > See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">By John Mashey</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Created 2012-08-20 03:00</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">John Mashey [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">20 August 12 at 3:00am</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The "Wegman Report", led by Edward Wegman [8] of George Mason University (GMU) got criticized in 2010's Experts claim 2006 climate report plagiarized [9].  Experts called it "obvious" even "shocking" plagiarism.  GMU's i [10]ncompetent handling, mistreatment of complainants and flawed rulings were mostly documented in March [10], but recent FOIAs [11]expose more [12] untruths.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Is the harsh title fair?  Read on, then study the 69-page attachment. [13]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">GMU Provost Peter Stearns' February letter to GMU faculty [14] made claims of non-plagiarism that contradicted not only experts, but themselves.  The process consumed almost two years to assess four (4) pages of text.  </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Stearns' letter was even more untruthful than previously known.  It  fabricated an imaginary second investigation committee, seemingly to somehow excuse crucial contradictions.   This seemed an attempt to defend the Wegman Report at all costs, even with potential problems from Federal [15] agencies who [16] expect schools to handle misconduct properly.  They fund much of GMU's actual research, done by faculty that to the best of my knowledge are normal, credible researchers.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">However, a few groups in GMU are closely, even uniquely enmeshed with people behind the machinery of anti-science, such as Charles Koch [17], Ken Cuccinelli [18], David Schnare [19], Fred Singer [20], and Pat Michaels [21], plus the Heartland Institute [22] and key Washington think tanks.  GMU even has a long history of tobacco connections, oddly relevant [23].</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Following are a few brief summaries to motivate the title's phrases:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See No Evil: Via FOIA, the only investigation committee took 200 days to produce a 9-page report.  It ruled on Ray Bradley's three complaints based on Canadian blogger Deep Climate [24]'s early discoveries:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.5 pages [25] of text [26] mostly from Ray Bradley's book: paraphrasing, not plagiarism although serious plagiarism experts said otherwise long ago.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5.5 pages [27] of near-verbatim plagiarism of social networks text: never mentioned.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1.5 page [28] subset re-used in later paper: plagiarism, likely unavoidable, since the publisher had forced retraction in May 2011. This is an obvious contradiction.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But there was more, found by Deep Climate and others:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Another 70 pages of formally-reported plagiarism, 27 in WR alone, in 6 more articles, half Federally-funded, and four PhD dissertations: never mentioned.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Alleged falsification [29] in the Wegman Report: never mentioned.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Speak Little truth: GMU VP Roger Stough rarely told complainants much and when he did, he was often wrong or misleading, now seen more clearly by FOIA replies.  Stearns' letter   fabricated committee(s) and processes that never happened, casting doubt on the credibility of anything there.  GMU never informed Ray Bradley of any result.  GMU acknowledged receipt of other complaints, which then seemed to vanish into limbo. Complainants got no status reports.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Break Rules: FOIA replies exposed large policy-breaking schedule slips, at best poorly explained, at worst misleading.  GMU ignored its policy of pursuing all significant issues -  Stearns said there were no more investigations.   GMU's seemed to maximize discouragement and stonewalling of external complaints, even from distinguished academics like Ray Bradley or Ohio State's Rob Coleman, an experienced misconduct expert.  One can imagine GMU's handling of internal complaints, especially from junior faculty of students.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Blame Others:   GMU violated its "retaliation" policies by making false or misleading claims about Bradley, impugning his reputation and helping incite vitriolic blog attacks against him.   Universities are supposed to guard complainants from retaliation, repair it if need be, not do it themselves.  GMU owes Bradley many apologies.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Why would they do this? FOIAs have revealed actions far outside GMU's own policies, the norms of academe and possibly Federal rules.  Big universities are expected to know how to follow misconduct policies, so mere incompetence seems an insufficient explanation, especially with experienced administrators who should know better.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We cannot know exactly what happened, but GMU has some unusual connections that might help explain this.  No explicit pressure need be assumed, but a few parts of GMU are deeply involved in climate anti-science activities, so it is no surprise that something like the Wegman Report was written almost entirely by GMU faculty and students.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Funding. Charles Koch is by far the largest single foundation funder for each of GMU Foundation, its Mercatus Center and Institute for Humane Studies [30] (IHS).   His donations to these usually exceeded the research grants of most government agencies. His lieutenant Richard Fink [31] cofounded Mercatus and is a  Director of it and IHS. Koch is a Director of Mercatus and Chairman of IHS. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Money comes from other Koch allies, such as Richard Mellon Scaife [32], Searle Freedom Trust, Earhart Foundation, L&H Bradley and  DONORS Trust+Capital, [23] the second largest foundation giver, which anonymizes the real givers' identities.  The recently-discovered Knowledge and Progress Fund [33] seems to send Koch money only to DONORS.  It is a real money maze</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Governance. Nancy Mitchell Pfotenhauer [34] is the Vice-Rector of the GMU Board of Visitors. She was a Koch Industries lobbyist and an executive of Americans For Prosperity [35].  The Board also includes Kimberly Dennis [36] (Searle Freedom Trust, DONORS) and Mark McGettrick [37], Executive VP at Dominion Resources, a large utility that has donated well to the campaign of Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, as has Koch Industries.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lawyers. Ken Cuccinelli, his Deputy Wesley Russell and his ex-partner Milton Johns (Wegman's lawyer) [38] all got their JD degrees at GMU in the 1990s.  So did David Schnare, of the American Tradition Institute [39] (ATI), well-known for FOIA harassment of UVA, Michael Mann, James Hansen, Andrew Dessler and Katharine Hayhoe [40].  FOIA has legitimate uses, but can also be employed for harassment.  The reader can decide which these [41] are.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare is also an Adjunct Professor who recently taught a GMU course [42]on how to do FOIAs, use the Data Quality Act [43], using this outline [44].  it starts:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">'This course is an introduction on how to sue the government when it does what it should not do. Citizens, advocates of small government and Tenth Amendment proponents engage</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He also offers "externships" to give students practice, via a new 501(c)(3) "public charity," originally (and legally still) the George Mason Environmental Law Clinic. [45]  it is now called the Free Market ELC [46], consisting of him and Chris Horner [47], as at ATI.  He was looking for students [48] to file FOIAs against some Virginia university, likely not GMU.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Conclusion. We cannot know whether the strange process and absurd rulings came from overt pressure or implicit GMU culture.  A few parts of GMU form a very large gear in the machinery of anti-science and they defended Wegman at all costs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Public funding of research depends on credibility, of which little is found in GMU's handling of this case.  Maybe it is time for a first-ever institutional debarment from Federal funding until they rebuiild a track record of normal behavior.  Given the credibility problems of key people, this may require outside teams.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Finally, people might recall the potential felony issues raised here [49]  and wonder if this process might add more obstruction of justice to the mix.  The old saying may apply: "It's not the crime - it's the cover-up."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic’s purpose is to make lawyers and make (case) law. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable institution working alongside the George Mason University School of Law and other law schools.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Clinic prosecutes cases that hold governments accountable when they violate their own rules, whether administrative or Constitutional. Central to our strategy is a petition-litigation practice that requires courts to reevaluate prior decisions, hold agencies and government employees to account, and put false science on trial.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In addition to coordinating with legal experts to identify strong plaintiffs, we serve as a clearing-house for expert witnesses, research, amicus briefs, and consultations to like-minded litigators nationwide.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FME Law seeks to provide a counter-weight to the litigious environmental movement that fosters an economically destructive regulatory regime in the United States. The environmental movement’s litigation strategy is particularly troublesome. Since the beginning of the movement in the 1970s, eight major litigating environmental organizations have filed more than 3,250 cases and EarthJustice alone has nearly 150 cases pending. Radical environmentalism has also taken over the classroom. The number of activist environmental law clinics – over 30. The number of free-market environmental law clinics – one, ours.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Litigation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The FME Law Clinic provides litigation and research services to qualified clients.  We concentrate on cases involving landmark free-market pro-environmental litigation; use of open records and data quality laws to force greater governmental accountability and transparency; and, cases that allow the Clinic to help create the next generation of free market oriented attorneys.  The Clinic has paired with the American Tradition Institute in order to prosecute three cases, described below.  In addition, the Clinic has an active Freedom of Information Act practice.  Current FOIAs are also listed below.  At the bottom of this page is a brief description of new litigation the Clinic is contemplating pursuing.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Active Cases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Occoquan Watershed Coalition v. EPA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FME Law is representing the Occoquan Watershed Coalition (OWC ) in a law suit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The OWC alleges that EPA has violated the Tenth Amendment by imposing a water quantity standard on Virginia and Fairfax County that will cost as much as $225 Million. If the County is forced to spend that much money on a single watershed, it will mean not one of the other 29 watersheds in the County will receive funds for their restoration, including the eight watersheds in the OWC’s territory.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">real site: http://www.pwconserve.org/issues/occoquan/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Occoquan Reservoir is currently listed on Virginia's Dirty Water List. The concerns include high levels of phosphorous, turbidity, low dissolved oxygen, the presence of copper sulfate and the growing presence of pharmaceuticals. These water quality problems are directly linked to human land uses, including a growing population and poor management of development patterns in the Occoquan Watershed.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">However, due to variations in data collection protocols between the EPA and Virginia Tech's Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Lab, the Occoquan Reservoir is listed only for aquatic life impairments. Concerns about the presence of copper sulfate, added to Reservoir waters to prevent algae blooms (caused by high phosphorous levels), were discussed but not included in the final 2004 dirty waters list.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Growth and development means that many acres of wetlands and forests are replaced by roads and rooftops. Natural filters are replaced with land surfaces that feed pollutants into the air, water and soil.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Occoquan Reservoir is an important drinking water supply for more than one million people who live and work in Northern Virginia. The Occoquan Reservoir supplies about 40% of the clean drinking water for 1.7 million people and, in an emergency, can supply the whole demand.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Over half Prince William's total county population, located generally in the eastern portion of the county, depends on the Occoquan Reservoir for about 17 million gallons of clean drinking water each day. West Prince William and Fairfax residents drink a mix of water from the Occoquan Reservoir and the Potomac River, making it difficult to tell where the water is from on any given day.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute v. University of Virginia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(records of Dr. Michael Mann, Freedom of Information Act Petition filed May 16, 2011)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center and Virginia Delegate Robert Marshall asked a Prince William County judge, under the Commonwealth’s Freedom of Information Act, to expedite the release of documents withheld by the University of Virginia that pertain to the work of its former environmental sciences assistant professor Dr. Michael Mann. The legal action followed a delay by UVA of more than four months since ATI and Del. Marshall made their original request on Jan. 6.  Twelve months after the initial request the matter remains in court with UVA seeking to deny the public copies of emails for which they paid.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The court has ordered the parties to identify exemplar emails that will serve as the basis for legal challenges to UVA’s refusal to release 12,000 emails that chronicle the history of keystone efforts in the early climate change alarmism. We expect this matter will end up in the Supreme Court of Virginia and if successful its discovery and production will prove invaluable to energy policymaking at the state and federal levels domestically, as well as internationally.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute v. State of Colorado, et al. (filed April 4, 2011)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center filed a lawsuit in federal court challenging the constitutionality of Colorado’s Renewable Energy Standard, based upon evidence that the state’s law violates the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The Commerce Clause reserves the regulation of interstate commerce to the federal government.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The court has under consideration a motion for the Sierra Club to intervene, as well as a challenge to ATI’s standing. The next phase of the case will be extensive discovery followed by motions for summary judgment. The case is expected to be appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In Re Accotink Creek TMDL – a Data Quality Act challenge to EPA’s Clean Water Act over-regulation of a local stream.  EPA was forced to drop a major element of the TMDL that has been used nationally to directly replace local land use planning and controls.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> American Tradition Institute v. National Aeronautics and Space Administration</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(records of Dr. James Hansen, Freedom of Information Act Petition filed June 21, 2011)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> On June 21, 2011 American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center filed a lawsuit in federal district court in the District of Columbia to force NASA to release ethics records for Dr. Hansen. The action followed NASA’s denial of ATI’s federal Freedom of Information Act request with NASA, seeking records detailing whether and how ‘global warming’ activist Dr. James Hansen of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) has complied with applicable federal ethics and financial disclosure laws and regulations, and NASA Rules of Behavior.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> This case forced NASA and the U.S. Office of Governmental Ethics to change its policy on release of public documents as well as how NASA and others implement their ethics responsibilities (poorly). It has resulted in an ongoing investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Government Operations.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  University of Virginia – Requested Mann emails associated with his academic duties. This matter is now before a Virginia Circuit Court for failure of UVA to meet its responsibilities under the Virginia FOIA and to challenge the University’s claims that 12,000 emails are exempt from FOIA. Mann has entered the case as a party (defendant). As of early 2012 we are in motions practice on our effort to proceed to discovery.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  University of Virginia – Requested Michael Mann’s research logs or the written authorization allowing Mann to take his log upon his departure from UVA. The University responded stating it did not have a log and had no release authorization. UVA also refused to inquire as to whether Mann actually kept a research log. As such, FME Law has effectively established that he kept no research log which is why no one, including Mann, can duplicate the research underpinning his infamous Hockey Stick-shaped reconstruction of global temperature.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  University of Virginia – Requested evidence that 15 faculty members who engaged in publishing peer-reviewed scientific papers actually kept research logs associated with that research. The University requires faculty to maintain such logs so that others can duplicate the research using the exact same methods. Of the 15, only one research log was found, and it belonged to a clinical assistant. Not one faculty member appears to have kept a research log.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  George Mason University – Requested and received the Wegman records sought by USA Today, thereby establishing what is proper, and what are disparate, implementation practices under Virginia’s FOI law by different universities or, arguably, depending on the published views of the subject of the FOI request. Professor Wegman’s emails document the validity of the deconstruction of the Mann Hockey Stick.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – Requested Jim Hansen’s ethics compliance records regarding outside employment and other activity. We established that Dr. Hansen received approximately ten times his salary in gifts, outside employment and speaking fees, all as a result of his environmental advocacy. Should he choose to testify again in Congress he now has specific, troubling questions to answer. His records show he and his supervisors failed to properly follow the NASA ethics requirements.  On behalf of ATI Law, the FME Law Clinic filed to force release of the records in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.  NASA settled the matter, releasing all records sought, and we are in the fee-recovery stage of this litigation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  Harvard-Smithsonian – Requested records provided Greenpeace regarding correspondence associated with the Soon/Baliunas. These were received in a timely fashion. Soon and Baliunas published a landmark paper debunking the argument that the Medieval Warming Period was only a Northern Hemisphere phenomena, showing it was a global event.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  Harvard-Smithsonian – Requested additional correspondence reflecting the efforts revealed in “Climategate” emails to seek the dismissal of Soon and Baliunas in response to their having published particular research. These documents have not been produced on a timely basis and may require litigation to free them.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  National Science Foundation – Requested Verardo/Mann correspondence. Mann refused to release fundamental data and results used to support his Hockey Stick temperature reconstruction. When the same data was sought from the National Science Foundation, who provided the grant for Mann’s research, NSF’s Verardo refused to provide the data. ATI sought the email correspondence between Mann and Verardo associated with this matter. NSF claimed it possessed no such records though on appeal FME Law provided certain responsive correspondence which is already publically available on the internet, and noted our ability to establish the existence of more. FME Law appealed this response. NSF’s responded on January 19, 2012 seeking a ten-day extension to consult internally, as is permitted by statute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  National Science Foundation – Requested additional documents associated with the Verardo/Mann discussions on disclosure of Mann’s data. After invoking statutory authority for a ten-day extension to consult internally, as the request seeks certain records produced by the general counsel’s office, NSF promised a response by February 2, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  National Science Foundation – Requested other Verardo/Mann Correspondence during the time of NAS panel on climate change for a broader window of time than the original request sought.  NSF has promised a response by January 25, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  University of Arizona – Requested correspondence among Hughes, Mann and Overpeck associated with efforts to have journal editors fired on the basis that they accepted papers critical of Mann. UofA has acknowledged receipt of the FOIA but has not responded and are under no specific statutory time constraint. This may require litigation to force production in a reasonable period of time.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  U.S. Department of Justice – Requested copies of documents associated with the release of emails from the University of East Anglia (Climategate), beginning in 2009 and through the recent British criminal investigation, in which DOJ has participated. A response was due on January 19, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  Texas Tech – Requested documents of erstwhile “climate” chapter contributor Professor Katharine Hayhoe to, from and citing Newt Gingrich, and his forthcoming book on environmental issues.  The University refused to produce the documents, producing one redacted email affirming Hayhoe was indeed engaged by Gingrich’s co-author to produce the chapter, as well as the chapter’s inclusion in the book as of December 7, 2011, despite Gingrich claims to the contrary days later.  FME Law has appealed this unlawful redaction and filed a complaint with the Texas Attorney General regarding TTU’s admission that they violated the Texas transparency laws by failing to seek the AG’s approval before withholding responsive information. FME Law requested the AG compel TTU to produce responsive records, and submitted a second request going back to the date of the first request for Hayhoe’s chapter, in 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">§  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Requested copies of policies and internal guidance on how the agency processes citizen petitions authorized under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This is the first step in a planned examination on whether EPA processes petitions from those it endorses as compared to those who criticize the agency.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Prospective Cases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI v. US. Forest Service – ATI is seeking support for, and asked FME Law to prepare, a FOIA, Endangered Species Act and Data Quality Act petition-litigation action to force full implementation of National Forest Management Plans that require logging in order to prevent forest fires that causing destruction of endangered species habitat and which would also create new timber and mill jobs and reinvigorate a moribund national timber industry.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A Association v. EPA – The FME Law Clinic is preparing a petition-litigation action to force EPA to revise rules costing over $60 billion and which fail to properly target the actual source of harmful PM2.5 air pollutants, regulating industries that do not contribute to the hazard and failing to regulate some that do.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">News & Press Releases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Press Release</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">01/04/2013 - Court Decision on Accotink Creek Fails to Solve the Problem</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On behalf of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition and the Springfield District Council, the FME Law Clinic filed a motion for summary judgment that asks the Court to declare that EPA does not have authority to force either Virginia or Fairfax County to implement a Total Maximum Daily Limit for nonpoint source water pollutants, much less one that neither can afford.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The press release is available here: 2013-1-4 MSJ filing press release</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare, Esq. Ph.D. is an attorney and scientist with 33 years of federal and private sector experience consulting on and litigating local, state, federal and international environmental legislative, regulatory, risk management and free-market environmentalism issues. [PhD -University of North Carolina 1979, Juris Doctor Cum Laude-George Mason University School of Law 1999)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. He is a member of the Bars of the United States Supreme Court, U.S. Courts of Appeal for the Second and Fourth Circuits, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Schnare is an administrative law specialist and currently serves on the ABA’s Administrative Law Council and as Deputy Chairman of the Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice Section’s Continuing Education Committee. His practice has included a federal, state and local caseload. He maintains an active program of academic research supporting local and state legislative initiatives and has federal regulatory experience with EPA, OSHA, IRS, NMFS, NOAA, FDA, HRSA, ATSDR, CDC, FAA, Bu. Rec., BLM, MMS, FWS, and the Corps of Engineers. In addition to his position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare is a Senior Fellow of the Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy. He has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board, and serves as Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition and as Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In addition to legal responsibilities, Dr. Schnare has managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental policy issues, as reflected in his published works. He is the author and editor of 55 books, chapters and major articles on environmental management, policy and law, which include:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Market-Based Solutions to Chesapeake Bay Clean-Up”, a two-part analysis of funding needs and options, prepared at the request of the Virginia Legislature, Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. (2005)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Inevitable Growth”, American Chamber of Commerce Executives 2001 Management Symposium, March 15, 2001.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Environmental Rationality and Judicial Review: When Benefits Justify Costs Under the Safe Drinking Water Amendments of 1996”, 5 Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy (1) 65. (1998)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“The Stewardship Ethic - Resolving the Environmental Dilemma” in Environmental Risk Decision Making, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton. (1996)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Evaluating Engineering to Ensure a Sustainable Environment” in Cleaner Production - Environmental and Economic Perspectives Springer-Verlang, Berlin. (1996)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Raid on Sanity: Policy and Economic Analysis of Radionuclide Removal from Drinking Water” in Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water Lewis Pub., Chelsea, Michigan. (1990)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Chemical Contamination and Its Victims: The Scientific, Legal and Medical Challenge, (Ed. Schnare, David W. and Katzman, M.) Quorum Press, Westport, Conn. (1989) </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lawyer in Climate Science Case May Have Broken Ethics Rules</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Did a climate change denying attorney at the EPA mislead his bosses?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">—By Kate Sheppard| Tue Oct. 9, 2012 3:00 AM PDTLast month, the University of Virginia won a legal battle to protect the private emails of one of its former researchers. The records had been requested by a group critical of the scientific consensus on global warming.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The close of the 20-month public records fight brought interesting documents to light—including some suggesting that one of the group's lawyers had misrepresented his employment status, and had been fighting the case while working a federal job, a potential violation of ethics rules.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On September 17, Judge Paul Sheridan of the Prince William County Circuit Court ruled that the Virginia Freedom of Information Act did not apply to data and records created in the course of scholarship. The decision barred the American Tradition Institute, a "free-market"-minded think tank, from accessing the emails of Michael Mann, a well-known climate scientist who previously worked at the University of Virginia.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mann, now the director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, is the co-author of a widely-cited paper that included the so-called "hockey stick" chart documenting the uptick of global temperatures in the industrial age.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">His work has long made him the subject of attacks from climate change deniers. But things ramped up in 2009 when over one thousand stolen emails between climate scientists, including some sent by Mann, were released. While at least nine academic and governmental investigations have exonerated the scientists, climate skeptics argued that the emails revealed a conspiracy to fix data, most notably around his famous chart. In the wake of that kerfuffle, others have sought to access Mann's inbox through legal means.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2010, a judge rebuffed a subpoena from Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, a Republican and a climate change skeptic, for Mann's emails. Then in January 2011, ATImade its request under the state's open records law, on behalf of itself and state Delegate Robert Marshall, another vocal climate change critic. University of Virginia, ATI, andMann's lawyer have been wrangling over the information ever since.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI has offices in Colorado and Washington, DC, and is closely affiliated with the American Tradition Partnership, a 501(c)4 that bills itself as "a no-compromise grassroots organization dedicated to fighting the radical environmentalist agenda." As the Institute for Southern Studies has documented, both groups and the people involved with them have extensive ties to energy interests and have led other attacks on climate science and renewable energy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI's network includes very well-known climate deniers, like Chris Horner, who serves as the director of litigation for ATI's Environmental Law Center. He's also a senior fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and a frequent contributor to right-wing blogs. The director of ATI's Environmental Law Center, David Schnare, worked at the Environmental Protection Agency for 33 years, most recently as a senior attorney.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In ATI's suit seeking Mann's emails, those two lawyers argued that the work—including the email correspondence—of any scientist at a state university or federal agency should be subject to open records laws.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In May 2011, UVA and ATI had entered into a protective order that would have allowed ATI's lawyers—Schnare and Horner—to review the records in order to contest their withholding, on the condition that the information not be shared. UVA president Teresa Sullivan said the school would use "all available exemptions" to protect academic freedom.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">According to Megan Rhyne, the executive director of the Virginia Coalition for Open Government, this arrangement allowing ATI's attorneys full review of the documents was very unusual. And the university was particularly troubled that Horner and Schnare were ATI officials who were deeply involved in anti-climate science circles, and not merely hired outside counsel. With the risk that they might share information in the documents in mind, in October 2011, UVA's lawyer filed an affidavit with the court, citing "disturbingly inaccurate" information in the press that seemed to have originated with Schnare and Horner about the protective order. They also noted that Delegate Marshall, who was not permitted to see the claimed exemptions, had told the Washington Times that he wanted "to look at what they've given us and examine what they've withheld and see why it's been withheld," which would be a clear violation of the terms of the protective order.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The school asked to modify the order noting it had "developed increasing concerns about the reasonableness of its agreement to allow these two individuals access to exempt records." The school feared that the pair would not review the documents as disinterested legal experts, but would use the information to advance the political mission of ATI and to attack Mann. In its request to modify the order, UVA also noted additional information they'd received since May that had raised alarms about whether ATI's lawyers were being entirely honest. In particular, the school felt that Schnare had misrepresented himself by claiming that he had already left his job at the EPA when this order was issued back in May. In fact, Schnare noted in an email to UVA's lawyers dated September 29, 2011 (included as Exhibit 21 here) that he was only leaving his job the next day—September 30.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Working for ATI while at EPA isn't in itself a problem, necessarily: ethics rules allow federal lawyers to do pro bono work, provided they receive permission and that they only conduct that business outside of work hours and work facilities.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In court documents, Schnare says he sought prior permission from the EPA. But UVA provided the court a letter from the EPA that, while acknowledging such a memo from Schnare, says its first record of that memo is also from September 2011—when Schnare provided it in response to a media request, and after Schnare had been seeking the documents on ATI's behalf for nine months. The EPA's letter (included as Exhibit 26 here) raises some questions regarding his approval request:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The request for approval of the outside activity was purportedly prepared by Mr. Schnare on or about November 16, 2010, but neither his Deputy Ethics Official nor his Assistant Deputy Ethics Official has any record of receiving it or approving this request to engage in outside activity.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In its court filing, UVA raises concerns that Schnare's letter "may have been prepared after the fact." The university's lawyers also note that the memo refers to the American Tradition Institute, even though at the time that memo had purportedly been drafted the organization was actually known as the "Western Tradition Institute." UVA's filing goes on to note that even if Schnare did have permission from EPA, "he frequently and consistently communicated with counsel for the University and its Public Records officer during regular weekday business hours," and provides time stamped emails to back up that assertion.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UVA concludes in its filing that:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">University counsel can no longer defend their willingness to entrust tens of thousands of pages of personal, scholarly, and research communications from Professor Mann and other scientists to two individuals who have regrettably provided far too many reasons to doubt that their words may be trusted.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI responded with a filing disparaging UVA's argument as a discourteous and "error-filled personal attack." It argued that his request had been properly filed but lost in the EPA bureaucracy, and provided a computer printout purporting to show that the document had been created in November 2010 (exhibit 5). While ATI's response includes a copy of the contested permission memo where Schnare pledges not to do any work on the case using EPA equipment or during working hours, it does not address UVA's time stamped emails suggesting he may have. Nor does it address the issue of the American Tradition Institute's name change. (The EPA's press office did not respond to multiple requests to comment on Schnare's employment status and permission to do outside work.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare insisted in an interview with Mother Jones that he had proper authorization to litigate the email case. "I had permission to do legal work outside of work that did not directly involve the EPA or issues in front of the EPA and this is one of them," he said. He added that the work was pro bono and insisted it was done outside of his day job.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">While the court's ruling on Mann's emails didn't touch on ATI's motivations or Schnare's employment, the legal record suggests that ATI's own lawyer may have been working on the case while at has taxpayer-funded EPA job. Wherever and whenever Schnare did his lawyering, ATI's main argument for why they should have had access the emails was to "fulfill the public's right to know how taxpayer-funded employees use the taxpayer's resources."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Peter Fontaine, the lawyer representing Mann in the case, called the court's decision a victory for science. "Scientists and public universities across the United States are under attack by industry-funded attack groups who seek to confuse the public about the scientific facts on climate change," he said. "But rather than engage in an honest debate over the facts, such groups attempt to chill scientific research itself by using public records laws to tie-up faculty and university resources by filing FOIA requests seeking faculty correspondence, which they want to 'crowd-source' on the world wide web."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schnare told Mother Jones that the group will most likely appeal the decision to the Virginia Supreme Court. In the meantime, ATI has broadened its records-law tactic to include the emails of other prominent climate scientists like Texas A&M University's Andrew Dessler and Texas Tech's Katharine Hayhoe, including their correspondence with reporters. Environmental and academic groups, as well as other climate scientists, say ATI is again using this tool to intimidate and burden scientists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The American Tradition Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Environmental Law Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 9033 Brook Ford Rd.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Burke, VA 22015</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Plaintiffs,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">v.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">PROTECTION AGENCY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Washington, DC 20460, </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Defendants.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Civil Action No. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">DECLARATION OF DAVID W. SCHNARE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I, David W. Schnare, under penalty of perjury and in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1746, </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">declare as follows:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1. I reside at 9033 Brook Ford Road, Burke Virginia 22015 and make this </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Declaration based upon my personal experience. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2. My parents selected my name, David, to honor the last male relative to die before </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">my birth. That man’s name was David Steiner, a Jew who died in Buchenwald concentration </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">camp on May 3, 1945, 21 days after the camp was liberated. Tattooed on his body was the </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">number 59059. See, http://www.buchenwald.de/totenbuch/. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3. German physicians conducted large-scale human experimentation at Buchenwald.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Some 729 inmates were used as test subjects, of whom 154 died. This human experimentation </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">GEORGE MASON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CLINIC AKA FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTL LAW CLINIC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2012 EO (Filed 2013/06) (Searchable text)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hint: Use your browser's Find function (CTRL-F) on this page to find text appearing in any of these PDFs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Structured data</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">NEW: Download a spreadsheet with up to 500 fields of structured data for this organization</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Basic info - 2013</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EIN 451602963 Name GEORGE MASON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CLINIC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contact % DAVID SCHNARE Address 9033 BROOK FORD RD</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">City BURKE State VA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Zip 22015-3614 Ruling date 201109</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Tax period 201212 Assets 78,469</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Income 172,888 Revenue 172,888</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Deductability Contributions are deductible Foundation descrip Organization which receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or the general public 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Subsection Charitable Organization Activity descrip </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Exempt descrip Professional Societies, Associations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Select 2013 structured data</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Tax period 201,212 Contributions, gifts, grants, etc received 172,888</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Total revenue 172,888 Total expenses 141,322</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Excess or deficit 31,566 Other changes in net assets 35,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Net assets EOY 78,469 Total assets e-o-y 78,469</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Total net worth e-o-y 78,469 Reason for non-PF status 9</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gifts grants membership fees received (509) 200,833 Public support subtotal (509) 200,833</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Public support from line 6 (509) 200,833 Total support (509) 200,833</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Searchable form textText from 2012 EO 990 (filed 2013/06), extracted with optical character recognition (see PDF)JUN Ti 4 23%}</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Form 990-EZ</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Department of the Treasury</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">lntemal Revenue Service</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Short Form</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Under section 501 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(except black lung benet trust or private foundation)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">at the end of the year may use this form.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The organimtion may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy state reporting requirements.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sponsoring organizations of donor advised funds, organizations that operate one or more hospital facilities</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and certain controlling organizations as dened in section 512(b)(13) must le Form 990 (see instructions).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">All other organizations with gross receipts less than $200,000 and total assets less than $500,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">OMB No. 1545-1150</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Open to Public</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Inspection</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A For the 2012 calendar year, or tax year beginning January 1 2012, and ending December 31 20</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">B check it applicable 0 Name of organization D Employer identication number</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">D "a"9 George Mason Environmental Law Clinic aka Free Market Environment] Law Clinic 4541502963</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">E Name change Number and street (or P 0 box, if mail is not delivered to street address) R000)/Suite E Telephone number</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">D  9033 Brook Ford Rd 511-243-7975</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">D Amended mum city or town, state or country, and ZIP 4 F Group Exemption</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">El Appiicauonpenciing Burke, VA 22015-3614 Number </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">G Accounting Method: Cash E Accrual Other (specify) H Check if the organization is not</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I Website: required to attach Schedule B</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">J Tax-exempt status (check only one)  501(c)(3) 501(c)( 4 gnsen no) [j 4947(a)(1) or 527 (Form 990. 990-EZ. or 990-PF).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">K Check </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">B</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">if the organization is not a section 509(a)(3) supporting organization or a section 527 organization and its gross receipts are nonnally</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">not more than $50,000. A Fonn 990-EZ or Fonn 990 return is not required though Form 990-N (e-postcard) may be required (see instructions). But if</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the organization chooses to le a return, be sure to le a complete return.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">L Add lines 5b. 6c, and 7b, to line 9 to determine gross receipts. If gross receipts are $200,000 or more, or if total assets (Part ll,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">line 25, column (B) below) are $500,000 or more, le Form 990 instead of Fonn 990-EZ</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Revenue, Expenses, and Changes in Net Assets or Fund Balances (see the instruct</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ions for Part I)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the separate instructions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cat No. 10642l</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part I .</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 Contributions, gifts, grants, and similar amounts received . 1 $172,333</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Program service revenue including government fees and contracts 2 o</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 Membership dues and assessments . 3 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4 Investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5a Gross amount from sale of assets other than inventory 5a 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">b Less: cost or other basis and sales expenses . . . . . . . . 5b 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c Gain or (loss) from sale of assets other than inventory (Subtract line 5b from line 5a) . . . 5c </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6 Gaming and fundraising events </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">0 a Gross income from gaming (attach Schedule G if greater than 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 $15,000).  lea] ggo 8</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">g b Gross income from fundraising events (not including 0 of contnbutiong  1 5  b</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">from fundraising events reported on line 1) (attach Schedule G if the g</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sum of such gross income and contributions exceeds $15,000) . ab 04 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c Less: direct expenses from gaming and fundraising events 6c  </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">d Net income or (loss) from gaming and fundraising events (add lines 6a and 6b and subtract</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">line6c)  .. ed 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">7a Gross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances 7a 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">b Less: cost of goods sold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7b 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c Gross profit or (loss) from sales of inventory (Subtract line 7b from line 7a) 7c 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">8 Other revenue (describe in Schedule Total revenue. Add lines $172,333</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">10 Grants and similar amounts paid (list in Schedule 0) 10 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">11 Benefits paid to or for members . . . . . . . 11 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 12 Salaries, other compensation, and employee benefits . . 12 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 13 Professional fees and other payments to independent contractors . 13 $130,354</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 14 Occupancy, rent, utilities, and maintenance 14 $1,383</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 15 Printing, publications, postage, and shipping . 15 $1,291</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">16 Other expenses (describe in Schedule $7,788</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">17 Total expenses. Add lines 10 through $141,322</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">18 Excess or (deficit) for the year (Subtract line 17 from line s3Lses</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">E 19 Net assets or fund balances at beginning of year (from line 27, column (must agree with</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3: end-ofyear gure reported on prior year's retum311.903</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">20 Other changes in net assets or fund balances (explain in Schedule 0) . . 20 @000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">z 21 Net assets or fund balances at end of year. Combine lines 18 through $78,469</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Form 990-EZ (2012)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">51</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0003</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Form 990-52 (2012)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Balance Sheets (see the instructions for Part II)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Page 2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part (A) Beginning of year (B) End of year</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">22 Cash, savings, and investments $11,903 22 $43,439</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">23 Land and buildingsOther assets (describe in Schedule 0) 0 24 $35,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">25 Total assets . . . . . . . . . $11,903 25 $78,489</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">26 Total liabilities (describe in Schedule Net assets or fund balances (line 27 of column (B) must agree with line 21) 511393 27 313,459</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Statement of Program Service Accomplishments (see the instructions for Part Expenses</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part (neqwed ,,Sec,,n</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">What is the organization's primary exempt purpose?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Charitable law clinic</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Describe the organization's program service accomplishments for each of its three largest program services,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">as measured by expenses. In a clear and concise manner, describe the services provided, the number of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">persons benefited, and other relevant information for each program title.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organizations and section</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4947(a)(1) trusts, optional</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">for others)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Litigation, Sewing clients unable to otherwise protect their interests, or broad social interests, providing</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">law students litigation experience. See Schedule 0 for case specic information</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(Grants $115,000) If this amount includes foreign grants, check here </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$97,162</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Legal Research Publications: Major academic publication was a legal "nutshell" treatise entitled</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">j'l_rgtecting Federalism and state Sovereignty. In addition, preparation of a full 3 credit course on federalism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">litigation consisting of 14 99_gr_i_inute lectures</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(Grants $35,000) If this amount includes foreigrrants, check here F El</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">335.893</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Student trainingand course lecturir_ig,f_9urteen 90 min. lectures as adjunct professor at George Mason U.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">School of Law: _J_hn Locke lecture on Wind energy and the </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">SPN Energy session Convener 6 hour (full day) session as moderator and presentor (40 participants)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(Grants $0.00) If this amount includes foreign grants, check here</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">30a 8609</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other program services (describe in Schedule (Grants so) If this amount includes foreiglgrants, check here</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">31 a so</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">L 1:1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Total program service expenses (add lines 28a through 31aList of Ofcers, Directors, Tnistees, and Key Employees List each one even</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part IV</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">if not compensated (see the instructions for Part IV)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Reportable Health benets,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">compensation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(Forms </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(if not paid, enter -0-)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Average</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">hours per week</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">devoted to position</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">deferred compensation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">contributions to employee Estimated amount of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">other compensation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David W. Schnare</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Law Clinic Director and Board Director 30 $55,000 $0 $0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Steven Gold</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Board Director 0.2 $0 $0 $0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Board Director 0.2 $0 $0 $0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Christopher Homer</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Litigation attorney 20 $60,449 $0 $0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Form 990-EZ (2012)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0004</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Form 990-EZ (2012) Page 3</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other Information (Note the Schedule A and personal benefit contract statement requirements in the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">instructions for Part V) Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part V . D</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yes No</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">33 Did the organization engage in any significant activity not previously reported to the If Yes," provide a</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">detailed description of each activity in Schedule Were any signicant changes made to the organizing or governing documents? If Yes," attach a conformed</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">copy of the amended documents if they reflect a change to the organization's name. Otherwise, explain the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">change on Schedule 0 (see instructions35a Did the organization have unrelated business gross income of $1,000 or more during the year from business</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">activities (such as those reported on lines 2, 6a, and 7a, among othersYes, to line 35a, has the organization led a Fomi 990T for the year? If No, provide an explanation in Schedule 0 35b</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c Was the organization a section 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), or 501(c)(6) organization subject to section 6033(e) notice,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">reporting, and proxy tax requirements during the year? if "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part Ill . . . . . 35</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">36 Did the organization undergo a liquidation, dissolution, termination, or significant disposition of net assets</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">during the year? if Yes," complete applicable parts of Schedule 37a Enter amount of political expenditures, direct or indirect, as described in the instructions D 37a I so</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">b Did the organization file Form 1120-POL for this year37b</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">38a Did the organization borrow from, or make any loans to, any officer, director, tmstee, or key employee or were</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">any such loans made in a prior year and still outstanding at the end of the tax year covered by this return? . 333</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">b If Yes," complete Schedule L, Part II and enter the total amount involved . . . . 38b</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">39 Section 501(c)(7) organizations. Enter:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">a Initiation fees and capital contributions included on line Gross receipts, included on line 9, for public use of club facilities . . . . . . . 39b</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">40a Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Enter amount of tax imposed on the organization during the year unden</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">section 4911 D so section 4912 D so section 4955 D so</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">b Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations. Did the organization engage in any section 4958 excess benefit</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">transaction during the year, or did it engage in an excess benet transaction in a prior year that has not been</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">reported on any of its prior Forms 990 or If Yes, complete Schedule L, Part Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations. Enter amount of tax imposed on</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organization managers or disqualified persons during the year under sections 4912,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">8.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4955, and 4958Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations. Enter amount of tax on line 40c</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">reimbursed by the organization . . . . . . . D 50</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">e All organizations. At any time during the tax year, was the organization a party to a prohibited tax shelter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">transaction? If Yes," complete Form 8886List the states with which a copy of this return is filed D None</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">42a The organization's books are in care of D o.w. Schnare Telephone no. D </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Located at D 9033 Brook Ford Rd, Burke, VA ZIP 4 D 22015-3614</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">b At any time during the calendar year, did the organization have an interest u3'E;r a signature or other authority over Yes No</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">a nancial account in a foreign country (such as a bank account, securities account, or other financial account)? 42b </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">If Yes," enter the name of the foreign country: D</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See the instructions for exceptions and filing requirements for Fomi TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and Financial Accounts.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c At any time during the calendar year, did the organization maintain an office outside the . . . . . 42c </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">lf Yes," enter the name of the foreign country: D</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">43 Section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable filing Form 990-EZ in lieu of Form 1041 Check here . . . . . . D </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and enter the amount of tax-exempt interest received or accrued during the tax year . . . . . D I 43 I</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yes No</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">44a Did the organization maintain any donor advised funds during the year? if Yes," Form 990 must be</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">completedinsteadof Form990-EZDid the organization operate one or more hospital facilities during the yeaf? If Yes, Form 990 must be</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">completedinsteadofFonn990EZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44b </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c Did the organization receive any payments for indoor tanning services during the yearline 44c, has the organization filed a Form 720 to report these payments? If provide an</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">44;;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">45a Did the organization have a controlled entity within the meaning of section 512(b)(1345b Did the organization receive any payment from or engage in any transaction with a controlled entity within the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">meaning of section 512(b)(13)? If Yes," Form 990 and Schedule R may need to be completed instead 455 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Form 990-EZ (2012)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0005</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Fonn 990-52 (2012) Page 4</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yes No</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">46 Did the organization engage, directly or indirectly, in political campaign activities on behalf of or in opposition</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">to candidates for public office? If "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part Section 501 organizations only</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">All section 501(c)(3) organizations must answer questions 4749b and 52, and complete the tables for lines</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">50 and 51</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part Did the organization engage in lobbying activities or have a section 501(h) election in effect during the tax</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">year? If Yes, complete Schedule C, Part the organization a school as described in section If Yes," complete Schedule 49a Did the organization make any transfers to an exempt non-charitable related organizationYes, was the related organization a section 527 organizationComplete this table for the organization's ve highest compensated employees (other than officers, directors, trustees and key</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">employees) who each received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization. If there is none, enter None.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Health benets,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Name and title of each employee Average M Reportame contributions to employee (9) Estimated amount of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">paid more than $100 000 hours per week compensamn benefit lans and deferred other com ensation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">devoted to position (Forms p</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">f Total number of other employees paid over $100,000 . . . . 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">51 Complete this table for the organization's five highest compensated independent contractors who each received more than</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$100,000 of compensation from the organization. If there is none, enter "None."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Name and address of each independent contractor paid more than $100,000 Type of service Compensation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">None</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">d Total number of other independent contractors each receiving over $100,000 . . 0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">52 Did the organization complete Schedule Note: All section 501(c)(3) organizations and 4947(a)(1)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">nonexempt charitable trusts must attach a completed Schedule etum, including accompanying schedules and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, it is</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- ofcer) is based on all information of which preparer has any knowledge</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sign  ure 0 er Date 2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">H876 David W. Schnare, Director 5  M  </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Type or print name and title</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Under penalties ofoewf eclare </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">true, correct, and complete clareti</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Paid punt/Type prepam.-S name Preparer's signature Date check D If </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">use only Firrn's name D Fin'n's EIN </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">May the IRS discuss this return with the preparer shown above? See instructions . . . . . . . . . . Yes [3 No</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Form 990-EZ (2012)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0006</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">SCHEDULE A</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(Form 990 or 990-EZ)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">OMB No. 1545-0047</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Public charity Status and Public Support</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">D Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ. See separate instructions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Name of the organization</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Geor e Mason Environmental Law Clinic aka Free Market Environrrientl Law Clinic 45-1602963</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">meason for Public Charity Status (All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The organization is not a private foundation because it is: (For lines 1 through 11, check only one box.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 I:l A church, convention of churches, or association of churches described in section </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Cl A school described in section (Attach Schedule E.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 A hospital or a cooperative hospital service organization described in section </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4 A medical research organization operated in conjunction with a hospital described in section Enter the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">An organization operated for the benet of a college or university owned or operated by a governmental unit described in</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">section (Complete Part II.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">described in section (Complete Part II.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">8 D A community trust described in section (Complete Part II.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">9 An organization that nonnally receives: (1) more than 33/3% of its support from contributions, membership fees, and gross</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">receipts from activities related to its exempt functionssub)ect to certain exceptions. and (2) no more than 33/3% of its</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975. See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">10 D An organization organized and operated exclusively to test for public safety. See section 509(a)(4).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">11 |:lAn organization organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of, to perfonn the functions of. or to cany out the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">purposes of one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or section 509(a)(2). See section</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">509(a)(3). Check the box that describes the type of supporting organization and complete lines 11e through 11h.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">a Type I b Type ll c Type integrated d D Type |llNon-functionally integrated</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">e By checking this box, I certify that the organization is not controlled directly or indirectly by one or more disqualified persons</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">other than foundation managers and other than one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">or section 509(a)(2).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">f If the organization received a written determination from the IRS that it is a Type I, Type II, or Type supporting</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">9 Since August 17, 2006. has the organization accepted any gift or contribution from any of the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A person who directly or indirectly controls, either alone or together with persons described in (ii) and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">below, the governing body of the supported organization? .</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(ii) A family member of a person described in (0 above? . . . .</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A 35% controlled entity of a person described in or (ii) above</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">h Provide the following information about the supported organization(s).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">7 I</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6) Name of supported Gr) Type of organization (iv) Is the organization Did you notify (vi) Is the (vii) Amount Of m0n6t3fY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organization (dacnbed on lines 1-9 in col listed in your the organization in organization in col. support</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">above or secglon governing document? col. 6) of your organized in the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(see instructions 5'-pp't7 U-S(A)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(B)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(E)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Total</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Cat. No 11285F Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-E2) 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Form 990 or 990-EZ.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0007</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Sections 170(b)(1)(A)(iv) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, or 8 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Part If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Section A. Public Support</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2008 2009 2010 201 1 2012 0) Total</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gifts. grants, contributions, and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">membership fees received. (Do not</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">include any unusual grants.") .</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Tax revenues levied for the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organization's benefit and either paid</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">to or expended on its behalf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The value of services or facilities</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">furnished by a governmental unit to the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organization without charge .</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Total. Add lines 1 through 3 .</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The portion of total contributions by</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">each person (other than a</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">governmental unit or publicly</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">supported organization) included on</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">shown on line 11, column .</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Section B. Total Support</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning inSection C. Computation of Public Support Percentage</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Amounts from line 4</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gross income from interest, dividends,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">payments received on securities loans,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">rents, royalties and income from similar</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Net income from unrelated business</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">activities, whether or not the business</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">is regularly carried on</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other income. Do not include gain or</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">loss from the sale of capital assets</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(Explain in Part IV.). . . . . . .</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Total support. Add lines 7 through 10</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gross receipts from related activities, etc. (see instructionsFirst ve years. if the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organization, check this box and stop here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Public support percentage for 2012 (line 6, column divided by line 11, column (0) . . . . 14</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Public support percentage from 2011 Schedule A, Part ll, line 14 . . . . 15</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">33/3% support test2012. If the organization did not check the box on line 13, and line 14 is 33/3% or more, check this</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization . . . . . . . . . . . </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">33r:i% support test2011. If the organization did not check a box on line 13 or 16a, and line 15 is 33/3% or more,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization . . . . . . . </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">10%-facts-and-circumstances test2012. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, or 16b, and line 14 is</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">10% or more, and if the organization meets the facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain in</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Part IV how the organization meets the facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organization . . . . . . . . . . . D</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">10%-facts-and-circumstances test2011. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, or 17a, and line</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">15 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Explain in Part IV how the organization meets the facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">supported organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Private foundation. if the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, 17a, or 17b, check this box and see</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">El</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schedule A (Fonn 990 or 990EZ) 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2012 Page 3</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(Complete only if you checked the box on line 9 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part II.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part II.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Section A. Public Support</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Calendar year (or scal year beginning in) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1 Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">received. (Do not include any unusual grants.') 30 so 30 327,945 $172,833 $200,333</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sold or services performed, or facilities</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">fumished in any activity that IS related to the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organizations tax-exempt purpose . . . Gross receipts from activities that are not an</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">unrelated trade or business under section 513 Tax revenues levied for the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organizations benefit and either paid</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">to or expended on its behalf . . . The value of services or facilities</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">furnished by a governmental unit to the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">organization without charge . . . . Total. Add lines 1 through s21,945 $112,888 szoo,833</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">7a Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">received from disqualied persons . Amounts included on lines 2 and 3</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">received from other than disqualied</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">persons that exceed the greater of $5,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">or 1% of the amount on line 13for the year Add lines Public support (Subtract line 7c from</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Section B. Total Suppo</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">calendar year (or scal year beginning in) 2008 2009 2010 (cl) 2011 2012 (0 Total</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">9 Amounts from line $27,945 s2oo,a33</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">10a Gross income from interest, dividends,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">payments received on securities loans, rents,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">royalties and income from similar sources . Unrelated business taxable income (less</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">section 511 taxes) from businesses</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">acquired after June 30, 1975 . . . . so 30</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c Add lines 10a and 10b . . . . . so so</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">11 Net income from unrelated business</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">activities not included in line 10b, whether</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">or not the business is regularly carried Other income. Do not include gain or</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">loss from the sale of capital assets</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(Explain in Part IVTotal support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and 12$27,945 s172,ass s2oo,a33</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">14 First ve years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(organization, check this box and stop here . . . . </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">15 Public support percentage for 2012 (line 8, column divided by line 13, column . . . . . 15 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">16 Public support percentage from 2011 Schedule A, Part line Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">17 Investment income percentage for 2012 (line 10c, column divided by line 13, column . . . 17 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">18 Investment income percentage from 2011 Schedule A, Part line 19a 33/3% support tests2012. If the organization did not check the box on line 14, and line 15 is more than 33/3%, and line</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">17 is not more than 33/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualies as a publicly supported organization . D [j</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">b 33/3% support tests2011. If the organization did not check a box on line 14 or line 19a, and line 16 is more than 33/3%, and</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">line 18 is not more than 33/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualies as a publicly supported organization D</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">20 Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 14, 19a, or 19b, check this box and see instructions [3</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schedule A (Fon'n 990 or 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0009</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2012 Page 4</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">W Supplemental Information. Complete this part to provide the explanations required by Part II, line 10;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Part II, line 17a or 17b; and Part line 12. Also complete this part for any additional information. (See</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">instructions).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schedule A (Fonn 990 or 990-EZ) 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0010</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">99,,Ez, Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Complete to provide infonnation for responses to specic questions on</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Form 990 or 990-EZ or to provide any additional infonnation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">OMB No 1545-0047</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Department of the Treasury Open to Pubnc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">lntamal Revenue Service Attach to Form 990 0| 990-EZ Inspection</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Name of the organization Employer identication number</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. George Mason Environmental Law Clinic aka Free Market Environmental Law Clinic 45-1602963</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Supplement to Question 16:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">S 50 Continuing Legal Education</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3 611 count ling costs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,820 Court reporter costs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,164 Law clinic corporate formation ling costs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Legal Research (Lexis)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">S 28 Professional meetings</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$2,981 Travel (court appearances and speaking engagements)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">S 51 Virginia corporatio_r3_a_rinual ling fees</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Supplement to question 20</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$35,000 Accounts receivable from American Tradition Institute (EIN 26-4239065)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">S_upplment to Question 24</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$35,000 Accounts receivable from _American Tradition Institute (EIN 26-4239065)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Supplement to Question 28 - Ongoing litigation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The law clinic serves as the attorneys for the American Tradition Institute. The billable hours in these matters is shared by the FME </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">clinic and ATI, the division made on a case by case basis.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1. ATI v. UVA. This is a that will establish what the Virginia la_Ma_ll_q_n_Is universitiest_q keep secret from the public. It also</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">addresses whether a FOI Act unconstitutionally abridges an alleged free speech right to academic freedom. The court acknowledged</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the validity of $201,000 costs and fees to FME Law, but has not yet awarded them: The matter is now before the VA Supreme Court.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2. Occoquan Watershed Coalition v. EPA. This case raised the question as to whether EPA violated the 10th amendment rights of</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Virginia and Fairfax county when establishing a water quality criterion that _ng9_t_ili_l_ require the total </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Implementation. The matter was settled due to the outcome of other litigation. No costs or fees were awarded.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3. ATI v. NASA. A FOIA case seeking ethics records for a NASA employee who had over $2 million in outside income. Because NASA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">refused to release the records, the Ofce of Government Ethics had to Intervene and order tl1egn__ t9 release the records, placing the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the entire federal govemrne_nt on notice that they must properly le these e_th_i_cs reports and </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FME Law received $10,887.50 in costs and fees.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ. Cat No 51056K Schedule 0 (Form 990 or 990-EZ) (2012)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schedule 0 (Form 990 or 990EZ) (2012) Page 2</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Name of the organization Employer identication number</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">George Mason Environmental Law Clinic aka Free Market Environment! Law clinic 454602963</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4. ATI v. Epel. This i_s_a:ommerce clause case ch_a_I|e_r_tgi_ng the constitutionality of the </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">have sut:h_standards and all are unconstitutional. This case is in the discovery process. Cost and fees are being sought.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5. ATI v. EPA. This case challenged whether EPA could expo_sa_I_olunteer subjects to carcinogens and qegglx poisons without telling</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">them the risks of these exposures The court held EPA cou|d- No costs </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Supplement to Question 31 - Other programs: FME Law supplies legal advice and counsel to state attorneys general and state policy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">institutes at no cost. FME Law has not tracked the number of such inquiries and is </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Schedule 0 (Form 990 or 990-EZ) (2012)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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