Operation Payback PPal 14

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</div><div>=</div><div><a href="https://freejeremy.net/the-case/before-stratfor/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://</a><a href="https://freejeremy.net/the-case/before-stratfor/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">freejeremy.net</a><a href="https://freejeremy.net/the-case/before-stratfor/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">/the-case/before-stratfor/</a><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-top: 20px; line-height: 19px;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="line-height: 30px;">Before Stratfor</h1><div class="entry-meta" /></header><div class="entry-content" style="line-height: 19px;"><h2 id="jeremys-background" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jeremy’s Background</h2>Jeremy Hammond is a 30-year-old activist, anarchist and computer programmer. He was attracted to computers early on and won a high school competition for his coding. Opposition to the Iraq War motivated Jeremy to get involved in activism — on the day of the invasion, he organised a school walkout. After graduating, he founded <a href="http://hackthissite.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">HackthisSite.org</a> to train fellow programmers in various hacking methods and security measures.Read profiles of Jeremy <a href="http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/July-2007/The-Hacktivist/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">here</a> and <a href="http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/but-can-he-hack-prison/Content?oid=919647" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">here</a>.<h2 id="Anonymous-and-LulzSec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 300;">Anonymous and LulzSec</h2>In autumn 2010, activists operating under the name of online collective Anonymous launched Operation Payback, a series of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against the websites of corporations and organisations who were themselves engaged in attacks on file-sharing sites. In December 2010, several major banking companies blocked donations to WikiLeaks, which had just started publishing US State Department cables in coordination with an international network of media organisations – and Operation Payback switched focus. DDoS attacks were initiated against organisations including MasterCard, Visa and PayPal. Fourteen defendants (the <a href="http://thepaypal14.com/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">PayPal 14</a>) were later arrested and <a title="The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act" href="https://freejeremy.net/the-case/cfaa/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">charged</a> under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act for their part in these attacks.Operation Payback arguably marked a turning point in the mainstream visibility of online activism. It also exemplified a changing focus among hacktivists themselves – whereas the concerns of previous campaigns had centred on the copyright lobby and their attempts to restrict the availability of information online, Operation Payback signaled a shift towards the operations of private security companies who, it emerged, also saw Anonymous as a potentially profitable target. ...In autumn 2010, activists operating under the name of online collective Anonymous launched Operation Payback, a series of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against the websites of corporations and organisations who were themselves engaged in attacks on file-sharing sites. In December 2010, several major banking companies blocked donations to WikiLeaks, which had just started publishing US State Department cables in coordination with an international network of media organisations – and Operation Payback switched focus. DDoS attacks were initiated against organisations including MasterCard, Visa and PayPal. Fourteen defendants (the <a href="http://thepaypal14.com/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">PayPal 14</a>) were later arrested and <a title="The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act" href="https://freejeremy.net/the-case/cfaa/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">charged</a> under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act for their part in these attacks.Operation Payback arguably marked a turning point in the mainstream visibility of online activism. It also exemplified a changing focus among hacktivists themselves – whereas the concerns of previous campaigns had centred on the copyright lobby and their attempts to restrict the availability of information online, Operation Payback signaled a shift towards the operations of private security companies who, it emerged, also saw Anonymous as a potentially profitable target. In January 2011, Aaron Barr, the CEO of US security company HB Gary Federal <a href="http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/87dc140e-3099-11e0-9de3-00144feabdc0.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">told</a> the Financial Times that he had <a href="http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/87dc140e-3099-11e0-9de3-00144feabdc0.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">developed techniques</a> to identify members of Anonymous. This was widely interpreted as an attempt to make money while putting people in legal jeopardy and, in early February 2011, online activists compromised HB Gary’s servers and copied tens of thousands of corporate emails.Among the documents seized in the attack was a <a href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/the-ridiculous-plan-to-attack-wikileaks/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">proposal</a> produced by HB Gary Federal and a group of security companies (including Berico Technologies and Palantir) calling themselves “Team Themis” for US law firm Hunter and Williams, acting on behalf of Bank of America. The proposal discussed ways of targeting WikiLeaks’ systems and support network, including “actions to sabotage or discredit” sympathetic journalists. ...<h2 id="cfaa-related-cases" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The CFAA in related cases</h2>Along with the Espionage Act, the CFAA is a favoured tool of the Obama Administration in its crack down on whistleblowers and digital activists. In addition to Jeremy Hammond,  the CFAA has been used to prosecute the PayPal 14, Chelsea Manning, Barrett Brown, Thomas Drake and Aaron Swartz.<h3 id="paypal-14" style="">The PayPal 14</h3>In 2010, major banking companies, including MasterCard, Visa and PayPal, blocked donations to WikiLeaks after the organisation began publishing US diplomatic cables. In response, members of Anonymous working under the Operation Payback banner initiated Distributed Denial of Service attacks against these corporations, which Jeremy Hammond has <a href="https://freejeremy.net/2014/06/02/in-support-of-paypal14-fundraising-drive/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">described</a> as the “largest coordinated electronic civil disobedience sit-in in history.”Arrests were made in July 2011 as a result of <a href="http://www.wired.com/2011/07/op_payback" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">information supplied by PayPal</a> and the PayPal 14 were <a href="http://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/sixteen-individuals-arrested-in-the-united-states-for-alleged-roles-in-cyber-attacks" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">charged</a> under the CFAA. This use of the Act ignored the activists’ motivations and treated acts of political dissent as reckless vandalism. Use of the CFAA in this case created felony violations out of  behaviour that would, if it were conducted offline, be recognised as free assembly or, at worst, treated by police as failure to disperse or a similar misdemeanor. Use of the CFAA in this way criminalises what should be protected, democratic speech.In May 2013, eleven defendants <a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/12/05/inside-the-paypal-14-trial.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">made a deal</a> in which they agreed to make a formal statement of guilt to individual CFAA felony counts of either ‘intentional damage to a protected computer’ or ‘conspiracy’. Under the terms of the deal, prosecutors will recommend probation instead of jail time if the defendants break no laws before sentencing in December 2014. [other 3?]<h3 id="barrett-brown" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Barrett Brown</h3></div></div><div>=</div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14</a></div><div>
</div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output" style=""> PayPal 14 are a group of defendants allegedly connected with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacktivist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacktivist" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">hacktivist</a> group <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous(group)" title="Anonymous (group)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Anonymous</a>, thirteen of whom pleaded guilty in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,California" title="San Jose, California" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">San Jose</a> court in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">California</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">United States</a> in December 2013, to charges of conspiring to disrupt access to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">PayPal</a> payment service. The attempted four-day disruption of PayPal's operations was allegedly in response to PayPal's refusal to process donations to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wau_Holland_Foundation" title="Wau Holland Foundation" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Wau Holland Stiftung's</a> PayPal account set up to collect funds for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="" style="background: none;">WikiLeaks</a>, and was part of a wider Anonymous campaign, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Operation Payback</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_note-GuiltyPlea-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table;"><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#Court_proceedings" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1Court proceedings</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#Leniency_request" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2Leniency request</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Court proceedings[</h2><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none">
New York</a>-based attorney Stanley Cohen, who represented one of the defendants, claimed that the 13 committed acts of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none">civil disobedience</a> in political dissent, adding that he thinks that the acts were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none">free speech</a> protected by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none">First Amendment</a>. In an interview for SKP News Cohen compared the digital 'sit-in' to protests organized by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greensboro_sit-ins" title="Greensboro sit-ins" style="background: none; font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none">civil rights movement</a>. Cohen further noted that the guilty pleas were for misdemeanors resulting in probation, instead of having the defendants face possible felony convictions and jail sentences. A fine of $86,000 is being equally distributed among the 13 activists, each owing $6,615. The fine must be paid by December 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" line-height="line-height" unicode-bidi="unicode-bidi" isolate="isolate" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_note-5" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">[5</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">]</a>The defendants were charged under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Act" title="Computer Fraud and Abuse Act" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Computer Fraud and Abuse Act</a> in July 2011 for the attempted <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial_of_service_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of service attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">denial of service attacks</a>, which occurred in December 2010.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a> On December 5, 2013, ten of the defendants pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor count of damaging a protected computer and one felony count of conspiracy, and three others each pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[4]</a> The 14th defendant had their case handled separately.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_note-GuiltyPlea-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Leniency request[</h2>It is unclear how many people actually took part in the attacks. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Omidyar" title="Pierre Omidyar" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Pierre Omidyar</a>, founder of the online market <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay" title="EBay" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">eBay</a>, asked federal prosecutors to show leniency, stating that "[i]n those cases, I believe justice requires leniency. In my view, they should be facing misdemeanor charges and the possibility of a fine, rather than felony charges and jail time."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">References[</h2><div class="reflist" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-parent 0 list-item 0; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-GuiltyPlea-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_ref-GuiltyPlea_1-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_ref-GuiltyPlea_1-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFDavid_Gilbert2013" class="citation news cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">David Gilbert (December 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/528058/20131206/paypal-14-freedom-fighters-plead-guilty-cyber.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"PayPal 14 'Freedom Fighters' Plead Guilty to Cyber-Attack"</a>. International Business Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PayPal+14+%27Freedom+Fighters%27+Plead+Guilty+to+Cyber-Attack&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft.au=David+Gilbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Farticles%2F528058%2F20131206%2Fpaypal-14-freedom-fighters-plead-guilty-cyber.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APayPal+14" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_ref-2" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFAlexa_O'Brien2013" class="citation news cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Alexa O'Brien (December 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/12/05/inside-the-paypal-14-trial.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Inside the 'PayPal 14' Trial"</a>. The Daily Beast.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Inside+the+%E2%80%98PayPal+14%E2%80%99+Trial&rft.date=2013-12-05&rft.au=Alexa+O%27Brien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2013%2F12%2F05%2Finside-the-paypal-14-trial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APayPal+14" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation news cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/2070060/paypal-ddos-attackers-plead-guilty-some-may-walk-free.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"PayPal DDoS attackers pleaded guilty, some may walk free"</a>. PC World. Retrieved December 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PayPal+DDoS+attackers+pleaded+guilty%2C+some+may+walk+free&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F2070060%2Fpaypal-ddos-attackers-plead-guilty-some-may-walk-free.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APayPal+14" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFSteven_Musil2013" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Steven Musil (December 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-57614906-83/anonymous-hackers-plead-guilty-to-2010-paypal-cyberattack/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Anonymous hackers plead guilty to 2010 PayPal cyberattack"</a>. CNet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anonymous+hackers+plead+guilty+to+2010+PayPal+cyberattack&rft.pub=CNet&rft.date=2013-12-08&rft.au=Steven+Musil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2F8301-1009_3-57614906-83%2Fanonymous-hackers-plead-guilty-to-2010-paypal-cyberattack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APayPal+14" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_ref-5" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation news cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215175547/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/13-plead-guilty-attacking-paypal-servers-21166352" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"13 Plead Guilty to Attacking Paypal Servers"</a>. ABC News. December 10, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/13-plead-guilty-attacking-paypal-servers-21166352" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on 15 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=13+Plead+Guilty+to+Attacking+Paypal+Servers&rft.date=2013-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FTechnology%2FwireStory%2F13-plead-guilty-attacking-paypal-servers-21166352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APayPal+14" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14#cite_ref-6" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFDavid_Gilbert2013" class="citation news cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">David Gilbert (December 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/527504/20131204/ebay-founder-pierre-omidyar-calls-leniency-paypal14.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"eBay Founder Pierre Omidyar Calls for Leniency for 'PayPal 14'"</a>. International Business Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=eBay+Founder+Pierre+Omidyar+Calls+for+Leniency+for+%27PayPal+14%27&rft.date=2013-12-04&rft.au=David+Gilbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Farticles%2F527504%2F20131204%2Febay-founder-pierre-omidyar-calls-leniency-paypal14.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APayPal+14" class="Z3988" /></li></ol></div></div><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">External links[</h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218063841/http://thepaypal14.com/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">ThePayPal14.com</a> – The Official PayPal 14 homepage (Archived)</li></ul><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hacking_in_the_2010s" style="background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); width: 674.2px; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 3px; margin: 1em auto 0px;"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-made-collapsible" style="width: 665.6px; border-spacing: 0px; background: transparent;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);"><span class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="true" style="float: right; user-select: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em;"><a class="mw-collapsible-text" style="background: none; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap;">hide</a><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="font-weight: normal; float: left; text-align: left; margin-right: 0.5em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" display="display" inline-block="inline-block" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" line-height="line-height" inherit="inherit"><li class="nv-view" style="margin: 0px; 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margin: 1px;"><tbody><tr><td class="noprint" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0px;">← <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2000s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2000s" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">2000s</a></td><td class="" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0px 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_security_hacker_history#2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of computer security hacker history" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Timeline</a></td><td class="noprint" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2020s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2020s" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">2020s</a> →</td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 119.375px;">Major incidents</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 519.6px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 519.2px; border-spacing: 0px;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); width: 28.175px;">2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Aurora" title="Operation Aurora" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Operation Aurora</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2010_Australian_cyberattacks" title="February 2010 Australian cyberattacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Australian cyberattacks</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Network" title="Shadow Network" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Operation ShadowNet</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Operation Payback</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2011</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiNotar" title="DigiNotar" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">DigiNotar</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNSChanger" title="DNSChanger" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">DNSChanger</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBGary" title="HBGary" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">HBGary Federal</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_AntiSec" title="Operation AntiSec" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Operation AntiSec</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Tunisia" title="Operation Tunisia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Operation Tunisia</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_PlayStation_Network_outage" title="2011 PlayStation Network outage" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">PlayStation</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_SecurID#March_2011_system_compromise" title="RSA SecurID" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">RSA SecurID compromise</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2012</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_LinkedIn_hack" title="2012 LinkedIn hack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">LinkedIn hack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Stratfor_email_leak" class="mw-redirect" title="2012–13 Stratfor email leak" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Stratfor email leak</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_High_Roller" title="Operation High Roller" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Operation High Roller</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2013</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">South Korea cyberattack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat#December_2013_hack" title="Snapchat" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Snapchat hack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_25_cyber_terror" title="June 25 cyber terror" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Cyberterrorism Attack of June 25</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!data_breaches#August_2013_breach" title="Yahoo! data breaches" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">2013 Yahoo! data breach</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2014</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem_medical_data_breach" title="Anthem medical data breach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Anthem medical data breach</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Tovar" title="Operation Tovar" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Operation Tovar</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICloud_leaks_of_celebrity_photos" title="ICloud leaks of celebrity photos" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">iCloud leaks of celebrity photos</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_JPMorgan_Chase_data_breach" title="2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Pictures_hack" title="Sony Pictures hack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Sony Pictures hack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Russian_hacker_password_theft" title="2014 Russian hacker password theft" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Russian hacker password theft</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!data_breaches#Late_2014_breach" title="Yahoo! data breaches" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">2014 Yahoo! data breach</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2015</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management_data_breach" title="Office of Personnel Management data breach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Office of Personnel Management data breach</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacking_Team#2015_data_breach" title="Hacking Team" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Hacking Team</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Madison_data_breach" title="Ashley Madison data breach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Ashley Madison data breach</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTech#2015_data_breach" title="VTech" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">VTech data breach</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2015_Ukraine_power_grid_cyberattack" title="December 2015 Ukraine power grid cyberattack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Ukrainian Power Grid Cyberattack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_SWIFT_banking_hack" title="2015–2016 SWIFT banking hack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">SWIFT banking hack</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2016</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank_robbery" title="Bangladesh Bank robbery" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Bangladesh Bank robbery</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Presbyterian_Medical_Center#Ransomware" title="Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center ransomware incident</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_data_breach" title="Commission on Elections data breach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Commission on Elections data breach</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Democratic National Committee cyber attacks</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_airports_hackings" title="Vietnamese airports hackings" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Vietnam Airport Hacks</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">DCCC cyber attacks</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Indian_Banks_data_breach" title="2016 Indian Banks data breach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Indian Bank data breaches</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Surkov leaks</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Dyn_cyberattack" title="2016 Dyn cyberattack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Dyn cyberattack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2017</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">2017 Macron e-mail leaks</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">WannaCry ransomware attack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Westminster_cyberattack" title="2017 Westminster cyberattack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Westminster cyberattack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petya(malware)" title="Petya (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Petya cyberattack</a> <ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em" display="display" inline="inline"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_cyberattacks_on_Ukraine" title="2017 cyberattacks on Ukraine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">2017 cyberattacks on Ukraine</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Equifax_data_breach" title="2017 Equifax data breach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Equifax data breach</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deloitte#E-mail_hack" title="Deloitte" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Deloitte breach</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disqus#October_2017_security_breach" title="Disqus" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Disqus breach</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2018</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trustico" title="Trustico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Trustico</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Atlanta_cyberattack" title="2018 Atlanta cyberattack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Atlanta cyberattack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_SingHealth_data_breach" title="2018 SingHealth data breach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">SingHealth data breach</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2019</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_cyberattacks_on_Sri_Lanka" title="2019 cyberattacks on Sri Lanka" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Sri Lanka cyberattack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Baltimore_ransomware_attack" title="2019 Baltimore ransomware attack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Baltimore ransomware attack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Bulgarian_revenue_agency_hack" title="2019 Bulgarian revenue agency hack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">2019 Bulgarian revenue agency hack</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 119.375px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_group" title="Hacker group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 519.6px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 519.2px; border-spacing: 0px;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); width: 163.375px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hacktivism</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 329.2px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous(group)" title="Anonymous (group)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Anonymous</a> <ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em" display="display" inline="inline"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_events_associated_with_Anonymous" title="Timeline of events associated with Anonymous" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">associated events</a></li></ul></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberBerkut" title="CyberBerkut" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">CyberBerkut</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_Nigger_Association_of_America" title="Gay Nigger Association of America" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">GNAA</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goatse_Security" title="Goatse Security" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Goatse Security</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard_Squad" title="Lizard Squad" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Lizard Squad</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LulzRaft" title="LulzRaft" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">LulzRaft</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LulzSec" title="LulzSec" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">LulzSec</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Dyn_cyberattack#Perpetrators" title="2016 Dyn cyberattack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">New World Hackers</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NullCrew" title="NullCrew" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">NullCrew</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OurMine" title="OurMine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">OurMine</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink" style="text-decoration: inherit; background: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap;">PayPal 14</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RedHack" title="RedHack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">RedHack</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeaMp0isoN" title="TeaMp0isoN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">TeaMp0isoN</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGNazi" title="UGNazi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">UGNazi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 163.375px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Persistent_Threat" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Persistent Threat" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Advanced Persistent Threat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 329.2px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_121" title="Bureau 121" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Bureau 121</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charming_Kitten" title="Charming Kitten" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Charming Kitten</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozy_Bear" title="Cozy Bear" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Cozy Bear</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfin_Team" title="Elfin Team" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Elfin Team</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_Group" title="Equation Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Equation Group</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Fancy Bear</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Guccifer 2.0</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacking_Team" title="Hacking Team" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Hacking Team</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_Kitten" title="Helix Kitten" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Helix Kitten</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Cyber_Army" title="Iranian Cyber Army" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Iranian Cyber Army</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus_Group" title="Lazarus Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Lazarus Group</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus_Group#BlueNorOff" title="Lazarus Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">BlueNorOff</a>) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus_Group#AndAriel" title="Lazarus Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">AndAriel</a>)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSO_Group" title="NSO Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">NSO Group</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_Unit_61398" title="PLA Unit 61398" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">PLA Unit 61398</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_Unit_61486" title="PLA Unit 61486" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">PLA Unit 61486</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLATINUM(cybercrime_group)" title="PLATINUM (cybercrime group)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">PLATINUM</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranknet" title="Pranknet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Pranknet</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Apollo" title="Red Apollo" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Red Apollo</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Kitten" title="Rocket Kitten" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Rocket Kitten</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Electronic_Army" title="Syrian Electronic Army" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Syrian Electronic Army</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations" title="Tailored Access Operations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Tailored Access Operations</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shadow_Brokers" title="The Shadow Brokers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">The Shadow Brokers</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Cyber_Army" title="Yemen Cyber Army" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Yemen Cyber Army</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 119.375px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker" title="Hacker" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 519.6px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacktivism#DkD[||" title="Hacktivism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">DkD[||</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">George Hotz</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guccifer" title="Guccifer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Guccifer</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Hammond" title="Jeremy Hammond" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Jeremy Hammond</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junaid_Hussain" title="Junaid Hussain" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Junaid Hussain</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffer_von_Hassel" title="Kristoffer von Hassel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Kristoffer von Hassel</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Al-Bassam" title="Mustafa Al-Bassam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Mustafa Al-Bassam</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLT(hacktivist)" title="MLT (hacktivist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">MLT</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Ackroyd" title="Ryan Ackroyd" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Ryan Ackroyd</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Monsegur" title="Hector Monsegur" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Sabu</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topiary(hacktivist)" title="Topiary (hacktivist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Topiary</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Seleznev" title="Roman Seleznev" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Track2</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jester(hacktivist)" title="The Jester (hacktivist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">The Jester</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weev" title="Weev" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">weev</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 119.375px;">Major <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerability(computing)" title="Vulnerability (computing)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">vulnerabilities</a>
publicly <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_disclosure(computer_security)" title="Full disclosure (computer security)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">disclosed</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 519.6px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evercookie" title="Evercookie" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Evercookie</a> (2010)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISeeYou" title="ISeeYou" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">iSeeYou</a> (2013)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartbleed" title="Heartbleed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Heartbleed</a> (2014)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock(software_bug)" title="Shellshock (software bug)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Shellshock</a> (2014)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POODLE" title="POODLE" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">POODLE</a> (2014)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootpipe" title="Rootpipe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Rootpipe</a> (2014)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_hammer" title="Row hammer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Row hammer</a> (2014)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JASBUG" title="JASBUG" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">JASBUG</a> (2015)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagefright(bug)" title="Stagefright (bug)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Stagefright</a> (2015)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DROWN_attack" title="DROWN attack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">DROWN</a> (2016)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badlock" title="Badlock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Badlock</a> (2016)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_COW" title="Dirty COW" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Dirty COW</a> (2016)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudbleed" title="Cloudbleed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Cloudbleed</a> (2017)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom_Corporation#soc-wifi-vulns" title="Broadcom Corporation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Broadcom Wi-Fi</a> (2017)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EternalBlue" title="EternalBlue" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">EternalBlue</a> (2017)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoublePulsar" title="DoublePulsar" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">DoublePulsar</a> (2017)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Active_Management_Technology#Silent_Bob_is_Silent" title="Intel Active Management Technology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Silent Bob is Silent</a> (2017)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRACK" title="KRACK" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">KRACK</a> (2017)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROCA_vulnerability" title="ROCA vulnerability" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">ROCA vulnerability</a> (2017)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueBorne(security_vulnerability)" title="BlueBorne (security vulnerability)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">BlueBorne</a> (2017)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltdown(security_vulnerability)" title="Meltdown (security vulnerability)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Meltdown</a> (2018)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectre(security_vulnerability)" title="Spectre (security vulnerability)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Spectre</a> (2018)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFAIL" title="EFAIL" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">EFAIL</a> (2018)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exactis" title="Exactis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Exactis</a> (2018)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass" title="Speculative Store Bypass" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Speculative Store Bypass</a> (2018)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_FP_State_Restore" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazy FP State Restore" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Lazy FP State Restore</a> (2018)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLBleed" title="TLBleed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">TLBleed</a> (2018)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SigSpoof" title="SigSpoof" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">SigSpoof</a> (2018)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreshadow(security_vulnerability)" title="Foreshadow (security vulnerability)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Foreshadow</a> (2018)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling" title="Microarchitectural Data Sampling" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Fallout</a> (2019)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling" title="Microarchitectural Data Sampling" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">RIDL</a> (2019)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling" title="Microarchitectural Data Sampling" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">ZombieLoad</a> (2019)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueKeep(security_vulnerability)" class="mw-redirect" title="BlueKeep (security vulnerability)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">BlueKeep</a> (2019)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr00k" title="Kr00k" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Kr00k</a> (2019)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 119.375px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware" title="Malware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Malware</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 519.6px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 519.2px; border-spacing: 0px;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); width: 28.175px;">2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransomware#Bad_Rabbit" title="Ransomware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Bad Rabbit</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet" title="Stuxnet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Stuxnet</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpyEye" title="SpyEye" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">SpyEye</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2011</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelihos_botnet" title="Kelihos botnet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Kelihos</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_virus" title="Stars virus" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Stars</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metulji_botnet" title="Metulji botnet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Metulji botnet</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqu" title="Duqu" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Duqu</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alureon" title="Alureon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Alureon</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2012</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdi(malware)" title="Mahdi (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Mahdi</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carna_botnet" title="Carna botnet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Carna</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame(malware)" title="Flame (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Flame</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_MoneyPak_Ransomware" title="FBI MoneyPak Ransomware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">FBI</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamoon" title="Shamoon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Shamoon</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_October(malware)" title="Red October (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Red October</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter(malware)" title="Dexter (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Dexter</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2013</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DarkSeoul(wiper)" class="mw-redirect" title="DarkSeoul (wiper)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">DarkSeoul</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryptoLocker" title="CryptoLocker" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">CryptoLocker</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2014</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Careto(malware)" title="Careto (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Careto</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DarkHotel" title="DarkHotel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">DarkHotel</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqu_2.0" title="Duqu 2.0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Duqu 2.0</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FinFisher" title="FinFisher" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">FinFisher</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brambul" title="Brambul" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Brambul</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameover_ZeuS" title="Gameover ZeuS" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Gameover ZeuS</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbanak" title="Carbanak" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Carbanak</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2015</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dridex" title="Dridex" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Dridex</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rombertik" title="Rombertik" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Rombertik</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeslaCrypt" title="TeslaCrypt" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">TeslaCrypt</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_Tear" title="Hidden Tear" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Hidden Tear</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2016</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler-Ransomware" title="Hitler-Ransomware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Hitler</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petya(malware)" title="Petya (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Petya</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NotPetya" class="mw-redirect" title="NotPetya" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">NotPetya</a>)</li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KeRanger" title="KeRanger" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">KeRanger</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigsaw(ransomware)" title="Jigsaw (ransomware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Jigsaw</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEMZ" title="MEMZ" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">MEMZ</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus(spyware)" title="Pegasus (spyware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Pegasus</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirai(malware)" title="Mirai (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Mirai</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Agent" title="X-Agent" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">X-Agent</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2017</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LogicLocker" title="LogicLocker" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">LogicLocker</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrickerBot" title="BrickerBot" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">BrickerBot</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Ransomware" title="Kirk Ransomware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Kirk</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rensenware" title="Rensenware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Rensenware ransomware</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">WannaCry</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xafecopy_Trojan" title="Xafecopy Trojan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">XafeCopy</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton(malware)" title="Triton (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Triton</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2018</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraken_botnet" title="Kraken botnet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Kraken</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 255); border-top: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); width: 28.175px;">2019</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 464.4px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" em="em"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grum_botnet" title="Grum botnet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Grum</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanap" title="Joanap" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Joanap</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetTraveler" title="NetTraveler" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">NetTraveler</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA_ANT_catalog" title="NSA ANT catalog" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">NSA ANT catalog</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_Computer_Club#Staatstrojaner_affair" title="Chaos Computer Club" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">R2D2</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regin(malware)" title="Regin (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Regin</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinba" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Tinba</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium(malware)" title="Titanium (malware)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Titanium</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vault_7" title="Vault 7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">Vault 7</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZeroAccess" class="mw-redirect" title="ZeroAccess" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">ZeroAccess</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Living people</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Quantified_groups_of_defendants" title="Category:Quantified groups of defendants" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Quantified groups of defendants</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Trials_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Trials in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Trials in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Anonymous(group)" title="Category:Anonymous (group)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Anonymous (group)</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Internet-based_activism" title="Category:Internet-based activism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Internet-based activism</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback</a></div><div>
</div><div>Operation Payback was a coordinated,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a> decentralized<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> group of attacks on high-profile<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a> opponents of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_piracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet piracy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Internet piracy</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet activist" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Internet activists</a> using the "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous(group)" title="Anonymous (group)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Anonymous</a>" moniker. Operation Payback started as retaliation to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">distributed denial of service</a> (DDoS) attacks on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrent_file" title="Torrent file" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">torrent</a> sites; piracy proponents then decided to launch DDoS attacks on piracy opponents. The initial reaction snowballed into a wave of attacks on major pro-copyright and anti-piracy organizations, law firms, and individuals.Following the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States diplomatic cables leak</a> in December 2010, the organizers commenced DDoS attacks on websites of banks who had withdrawn banking facilities from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">WikiLeaks</a>.<div class="thumb tright" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); clear: right; float: right;"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="image" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/You_call_it_piracy.jpg/220px-You_call_it_piracy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/You_call_it_piracy.jpg/330px-You_call_it_piracy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/You_call_it_piracy.jpg/440px-You_call_it_piracy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="681" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none" /></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none">Early Operation Payback flyer</a></div></div></div><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /></a><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="text-align: center; direction: ltr;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none"></a><h2 id="mw-toc-heading" style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: 0px; line-height: 1.3; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none">Contents</a></h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox" style="cursor: pointer;" /></div><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none" /><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" magnify-clip-ltr.svg="magnify-clip-ltr.svg" e="e" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" width="width" height="height" user-select="user-select" none="none" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Background_and_initial_attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1Background and initial attacks</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Attacks_on_the_recording_industry" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2Attacks on the recording industry</a><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Law_firms" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.1Law firms</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Australian_pro-copyright_organization" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.2Australian pro-copyright organization</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#ACAPOR" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.3ACAPOR</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#More_attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.4More attacks</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Musician_and_copyright_advocate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.5Musician and copyright advocate</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#RIAA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.6RIAA</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#November_5,2010_attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.7November 5, 2010 attacks</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Hiatus_and_resumption_of_website_attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.8Hiatus and resumption of website attacks</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Sarah_Palin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3Sarah Palin</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Operation_Avenge_Assange" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4Operation Avenge Assange</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Criticism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5Criticism</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Tools_and_communication" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">6Tools and communication</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#Federal_indictment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7Federal indictment</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">9References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">10External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Background and initial attacks[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and initial attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2>In 2010, several <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollywood" title="Bollywood" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bollywood</a> companies hired Aiplex Software to launch DDoS attacks on websites that did not respond to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takedown_notice" class="mw-redirect" title="Takedown notice" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">takedown notices</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-theregister1-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-bbc-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a> Piracy activists then created Operation Payback in September 2010 in retaliation.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-theregister1-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a> The original plan was to attack Aiplex Software directly, but upon finding some hours before the planned DDoS that another individual had taken down the firm's website on their own, Operation Payback moved to launching attacks against the websites of copyright stringent organisations <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" title="Motion Picture Association of America" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Motion Picture Association of America</a> (MPAA) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">International Federation of the Phonographic Industry</a>, giving the two websites a combined total downtime of 30 hours.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-torrentfreak-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-pandalabssecurity-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a> In the following two days, Operation Payback attacked a multitude of sites affiliated with the MPAA, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Recording Industry Association of America</a> (RIAA),<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-torrentfreak-2-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">British Phonographic Industry</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-theregister1-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a> Law firms such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACS:Law" title="ACS:Law" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ACS:Law</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davenport_Lyons" title="Davenport Lyons" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Davenport Lyons</a> and Dunlap, Grubb & Weaver (of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Copyright_Group" title="US Copyright Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">US Copyright Group</a>) were also attacked.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-theregister2-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-theregister3-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-ars-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-slyck-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Attacks on the recording industry[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attacks on the recording industry" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Law firms[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Law firms" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h3>On September 21, 2010, the website of United Kingdom law firm <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACS:Law" title="ACS:Law" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ACS:Law</a> was subjected to a DDoS attack as part of Operation Payback. When asked about the attacks, Andrew Crossley, owner of ACS:Law, said: "It was only down for a few hours. I have far more concern over the fact of my train turning up 10 minutes late or having to queue for a coffee than them wasting my time with this sort of rubbish."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-theregister2-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-ars-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a>...<h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">November 5, 2010 attacks[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: November 5, 2010 attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h3>Around October 28, 2010, the group set up a new website with the intention of coordinating protests around the world to raise awareness of their cause. The date for the protest activities were on November 5, the intended day of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gunpowder Plot</a>, with which Anonymous heavily affiliates through its use of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Fawkes" title="Guy Fawkes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Guy Fawkes</a> masks.The protest activity included an attack on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office" title="United States Copyright Office" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Copyright Office</a>, after which the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">FBI</a> launched an investigation.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-cnet-63" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[63]</a> They later arrested one person accused of taking part in the attack on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">PayPal</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-nl-64" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[64]</a><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hiatus and resumption of website attacks[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hiatus and resumption of website attacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h3>On November 9, 2010, Operation Payback temporarily ceased attacking websites.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-65" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[65]</a> The hiatus lasted about four months, ending with an early March 2011 attack that temporarily took down the website of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_Music,Inc." title="Broadcast Music, Inc." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">BMI</a>, a prominent collection society operating on behalf of music publishers.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-66" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[66]</a> This was followed by the aforementioned second attack on the RIAA website.<h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sarah Palin[</h2>On December 8, 2010, U.S politician <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sarah Palin</a> announced that her website and personal credit card information were compromised.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-sarah-1-67" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[67]</a> Palin's team believed the attack was executed by Anonymous, though Anonymous never commented about Palin as a possible target for any attack.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-sarah-1-67" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[67]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-metro-68" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[68]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-sarah-2-69" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[69]</a> In an interview with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">RT</a>, an Anonymous member said, "We don't really care about Sarah Palin that much, to be honest. I don't really know what she's trying to accomplish or what attention she is trying to gain. We personally don't care about Sarah Palin."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-70" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[70]</a> Palin's technical team posted a screenshot of a server log file showing the wikileaks.org <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">URL</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-sarah-1-67" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[67]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-sarah-2-69" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[69]</a> Visa attacks had been denial of service attacks, but credit card data was not compromised. It is unknown whether Palin's card was compromised as part of a broad attack on Visa or a specific attack on the Palins.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-sarah-2-69" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[69]</a> Palin's email was previously <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Palin_email_hack" title="Sarah Palin email hack" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">hacked</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-derail-71" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[71]</a> while she was campaigning during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2008 U.S. presidential election</a>.<h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Operation Avenge Assange[</h2>In December 2010, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">WikiLeaks</a> came under intense pressure to stop publishing secret U.S. diplomatic cables. Corporations such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Amazon</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">PayPal</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BankAmerica" class="mw-redirect" title="BankAmerica" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">BankAmerica</a>, Swiss bank <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostFinance" title="PostFinance" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">PostFinance</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">MasterCard</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc." style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Visa</a> either stopped working with or froze their customers' donations to WikiLeaks due to political pressures. In response, those behind Operation Payback directed their activities against these companies.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-panda-72" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[72]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-73" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[73]</a> 
Operation Payback launched DDoS attacks against PayPal, PostFinance and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sweden#Swedish_Prosecution_Authority" title="Law enforcement in Sweden" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Swedish Prosecution Authority</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-rawstory1-74" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[74]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-75" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[75]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-76" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[76]</a> On December 8, 2010, a coordinated DDoS attack by Operation Payback brought down both the MasterCard and Visa websites.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-77" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[77]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-78" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[78]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-79" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[79]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-80" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[80]</a> On December 9, 2010, prior to a sustained DDoS attack on the PayPal website that caused a minor slowdown to its service, PayPal announced on its blog that it would release the frozen funds in the account of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wau_Holland_Foundation" title="Wau Holland Foundation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wau Holland Foundation</a> that was raising funds for WikiLeaks, but would not reactivate the account.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-81" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[81]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-82" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[82]</a> Regarding the attacks, WikiLeaks spokesman Kristinn Hrafnsson denied any relation to the group and said, "We neither condemn nor applaud these attacks. We believe they are a reflection of public opinion on the actions of the targets."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-83" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[83]</a> On the same day, a 16-year-old boy was arrested in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Hague</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Netherlands</a>, in connection with the distributed denial-of-service attacks against MasterCard and PayPal.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-84" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[84]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-85" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[85]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-86" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[86]</a> The boy was an IRC operator under the nickname of Jeroenz0r.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-87" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[87]</a>On December 10, 2010, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Daily Telegraph</a> reported that Anonymous had threatened to disrupt British government websites if Assange were extradited to Sweden.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-88" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[88]</a> Anonymous issued a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">press release</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-89" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[89]</a> in an attempt to clarify the issue.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-90" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[90]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> co-founder <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Perry_Barlow" title="John Perry Barlow" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John Perry Barlow</a> described the attacks as "the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_heard_round_the_world" title="Shot heard round the world" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">shot heard round the world</a>—this is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lexington</a>."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-91" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[91]</a>The following is a list of sites and domains known to have been targeted:<table class="wikitable" border="1" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); margin: 1em 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;">Target</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;">Site</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;">Attack time</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;">Ref.</th></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostFinance" title="PostFinance" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">PostFinance</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">postfinance.ch</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-06</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-rawstory1-74" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[74]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sweden#Swedish_Prosecution_Authority" title="Law enforcement in Sweden" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Swedish Prosecution Authority</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">aklagare.se</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-07</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-92" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[92]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EveryDNS" title="EveryDNS" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">EveryDNS</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">everydns.com</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-07</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-panda-72" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[72]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lieberman" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Lieberman" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Joseph Lieberman</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">lieberman.senate.gov</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-08</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-panda2-93" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[93]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">MasterCard</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">mastercard.com</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-08</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-94" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[94]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claes_Borgstr%C3%B6m" title="Claes Borgström" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Borgstrom</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bodstr%C3%B6m" title="Thomas Bodström" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bodström</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">advbyra.se</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-08</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-panda2-93" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[93]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc." style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Visa</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">visa.com</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-08</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-visa-95" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[95]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Sarah Palin</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">sarahpac.com</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-08</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-sarah-1-67" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[67]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">PayPal</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">thepaypalblog.com</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-09</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-96" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[96]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Amazon</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">amazon.com</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-09
(Aborted)</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-AmazonAborted-97" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[97]</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-98" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[98]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">PayPal</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">api.paypal.com:443</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-10</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-99" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[99]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoneyBookers" class="mw-redirect" title="MoneyBookers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">MoneyBookers</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">moneybookers.com</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-10</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-100" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[100]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Conservatives4Palin</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">conservatives4palin.com</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2010-12-10</td><td align="center" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-101" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[101]</a></td></tr></tbody></table>Operation Payback's attempt to take down Amazon.com was aborted after they failed to recruit enough users to their botnet; CNN noted that the massive Amazon website "is almost impossible to crash."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-AmazonAborted-97" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[97]</a>In late December, the FBI began to raid suspected participants in Operation Payback.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-102" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[102]</a>At the beginning of 2011, Operation Payback brought down <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Zimbabwean</a> government websites after the Zimbabwean <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">President's</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">wife</a> sued a newspaper for $15 million for publishing a WikiLeaks cable that linked her with the alleged trade in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_diamond" title="Blood diamond" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">illicit diamonds</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-103" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[103]</a> On January 27, 2011, five males aged between 15 and 26 were arrested in early morning raids in the U.K. on suspicion of involvement,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-104" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[104]</a> and the FBI executed 40 search warrants the same day.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-105" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[105]</a><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Criticism[</h2>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Intellectual_Property_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office</a> said that when its site was attacked, those responsible were depriving its citizens of access to information they have a democratic right to access.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-cmu-106" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[106]</a> Other critics claimed the attacks restricted Gene Simmons' right to free speech.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-cmu-106" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[106]</a>A spokesman for the MPAA said, "It's troubling that these groups seem more concerned about the rights of those who steal and copy films, music, books, and other creative resources than the rights of American workers who are producing these products." <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-cnet-63" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[63]</a>There was also some criticism from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Party_UK" title="Pirate Party UK" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Pirate Party UK</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Pirate Party</a>, which in a joint public statement urged the group to "Immediately cease the Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks and to instead seek out a legal method to express your frustration and disquiet with the copyright industry, and their perversions of copyright law for personal gain."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-107" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[107]</a>While acknowledging that the DDoS attacks on credit card and banking web sites serve as political protests, cyber experts said that Operation Payback has not done any long-term damage: most sites are back online, these attacks have not penetrated and brought down entire banking systems used to conduct transactions, and people are still continuing to use their credit cards to make payments. "This is more like a noisy political demonstration, like a mob surrounding a bank and refusing to let anyone in or out" said one cyber expert.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-AFP_NoBite-108" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[108]</a><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Tools and communication[</h2>Operation Payback members used a modified version of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Orbit_Ion_Cannon" title="Low Orbit Ion Cannon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Low Orbit Ion Cannon</a> (LOIC) to execute the DDoS attacks.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-softpedia1-109" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[109]</a> In September 2010, a "Hive Mind" mode was added to the LOIC.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-softpedia1-109" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[109]</a> While in Hive Mind mode, the LOIC connects to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">IRC</a>, where it can be controlled remotely. This allows computers with LOIC installed on them to behave as if they were a part of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">botnet</a>. Utilising this tool, the coordinators of Operation Payback were able to quickly take down websites belonging to anti-piracy groups.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-softpedia1-109" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[109]</a> Botnets of all sizes have also been used.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-110" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[110]</a>...<h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Federal indictment[</h2>In October 2013, 13 members of Operation Payback were indicted in Federal court in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Alexandria, Virginia</a> as co-conspirators in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 731 and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18_U.S.C._%C2%A7_1030" class="mw-redirect" title="18 U.S.C. § 1030" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">18 U.S.C. § 1030</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-117" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[117]</a> In 2014, some of the members received a plea deal, reducing their felony charges to a single misdemeanor.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback#cite_note-118" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[118]</a><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See also[</h2><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; clear: right; float: right; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0.1em; line-height: 13.09px; display: table; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 175px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px; display: table-row;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="image" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><img alt="icon" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Internet portal</a></li></ul></div><table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0px 4px 1em; width: 238px; line-height: 1.25em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style="border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.9em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></td><td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 167.425px;">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Operation_Payback" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Operation Payback" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Operation Payback</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2010_Australian_cyberattacks" title="February 2010 Australian cyberattacks" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">February 2010 Australian cyberattacks</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hacktivism</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Leakspin" title="Operation Leakspin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Operation Leakspin</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Chanology" title="Project Chanology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Project Chanology</a></li></ul></div><div>==</div><div>
</div><div><div id="r1-0" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d result--url-above-snippet highlight" data-domain="en.wikipedia.org" data-hostname="en.wikipedia.org" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" rel="noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" style="margin: 0px 0px -0.05em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.22; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;">Operation Payback - Wikipedia</a></h2><div class="resultextras js-result-extras" style="margin: 1px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; position: relative; min-height: 1.57em; top: 0px;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; width: 568px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="resulticon " style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=operation%20payback%20paypal%2014+site:en.wikipedia.org&atb=v31-5" title="Search domain en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" class="js-result-extras-site_search" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img data-src="/assets/icons/favicons/wikipedia.png" height="16" width="16" title="Search domain en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" class="resulticonimg js-lazyload-icons" src="https://duckduckgo.com/assets/icons/favicons/wikipedia.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" rel="noopener" class="resulturl js-result-extras-url" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">https://en.wikipedia.org<span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/wiki/Operation_Payback</a></div></div><div class="resultsnippet js-result-snippet" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.45; vertical-align: baseline;">In response, those behind Operation Payback directed their activities against these companies. Operation Payback launched DDoS attacks against PayPal, PostFinance and the Swedish Prosecution Authority. On December 8, 2010, a coordinated DDoS attack by Operation Payback brought down both the MasterCard and Visa websites.</div></div></div><div id="organic-module" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="r1-1" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d result--url-above-snippet" data-domain="en.wikipedia.org" data-hostname="en.wikipedia.org" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" rel="noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14" style="margin: 0px 0px -0.05em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.22; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;">PayPal 14 - Wikipedia</a></h2><div class="resultextras js-result-extras" style="margin: 1px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; position: relative; min-height: 1.57em; top: 0px;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; width: 568px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="resulticon " style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=operation%20payback%20paypal%2014+site:en.wikipedia.org&atb=v31-5" title="Search domain en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14" class="js-result-extras-site_search" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img data-src="/assets/icons/favicons/wikipedia.png" height="16" width="16" title="Search domain en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14" class="resulticonimg js-lazyload-icons" src="https://duckduckgo.com/assets/icons/favicons/wikipedia.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_14" rel="noopener" class="resulturl js-result-extras-url" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">https://en.wikipedia.org<span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/wiki/PayPal_14</a></div></div><div class="resultsnippet js-result-snippet" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.45; vertical-align: baseline;">The PayPal 14 are a group of defendants allegedly connected with the hacktivist group Anonymous, thirteen of whom pleaded guilty in a San Jose court in California, United States in December 2013, to charges of conspiring to disrupt access to the PayPal payment service. The attempted four-day disruption of PayPal's operations was allegedly in response to PayPal's refusal to process donations to ...</div></div></div><div id="r1-2" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d result--url-above-snippet" data-domain="knowyourmeme.com" data-hostname="knowyourmeme.com" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" rel="noopener" href="https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/events/operation-payback" style="margin: 0px 0px -0.05em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.22; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;">Operation Payback | Know Your Meme</a></h2><div class="resultextras js-result-extras" style="margin: 1px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; position: relative; min-height: 1.57em; top: 0px;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; 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padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a><a href="https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/events/operation-payback" rel="noopener" class="resulturl js-result-extras-url" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">https://knowyourmeme.com<span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/memes/events/operation-payback</a></div></div><div class="resultsnippet js-result-snippet" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.45; vertical-align: baseline;">Operation Payback, also known as Operation: Payback Is A Bitch, is a series of DDoS attacks organized by users of 4chan's /b/ (random) board that started on September 17th, 2010 against major entertainment industry websites such as the websites for the Recording Industry Association of America and the Motion Picture Association of America ...</div></div></div><div id="r1-3" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d result--url-above-snippet" data-domain="www.rt.com" data-hostname="www.rt.com" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rt.com/usa/paypal-hackers-court-anonymous-787/" style="margin: 0px 0px -0.05em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.22; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;">Anonymous 'PayPal 14' hackers enter guilty plea in case ...</a></h2><div class="resultextras js-result-extras" style="margin: 1px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; position: relative; min-height: 1.57em; top: 0px;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; width: 568px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="resulticon " style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=operation%20payback%20paypal%2014+site:www.rt.com&atb=v31-5" title="Search domain www.rt.com/usa/paypal-hackers-court-anonymous-787/" class="js-result-extras-site_search" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img data-src="//external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/www.rt.com.ico" height="16" width="16" title="Search domain www.rt.com/usa/paypal-hackers-court-anonymous-787/" class="resulticonimg js-lazyload-icons" src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/www.rt.com.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/paypal-hackers-court-anonymous-787/" rel="noopener" class="resulturl js-result-extras-url" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">https://www.rt.com<span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/usa/paypal-hackers-court-anonymous-787/</a></div></div><div class="resultsnippet js-result-snippet" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.45; vertical-align: baseline;">Eleven of the so-called "PayPal 14" members each pleaded guilty in court to one felony count of conspiracy and one misdemeanor count of damaging a computer as a result of their involvement in a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) ... Anonymous busted: 13 hacktivists indicted over Operation Payback .</div></div></div><div id="r1-4" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d result--url-above-snippet" data-domain="www.thesmokinggun.com" data-hostname="www.thesmokinggun.com" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" rel="noopener" href="http://www.thesmokinggun.com/documents/internet/affidavit-details-fbi-operation-payback-probe" style="margin: 0px 0px -0.05em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.22; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;">Affidavit Details FBI "Operation Payback" Probe | The ...</a></h2><div class="resultextras js-result-extras" style="margin: 1px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; position: relative; min-height: 1.57em; 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text-decoration-line: none;"><img data-src="//external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/www.thesmokinggun.com.ico" height="16" width="16" title="Search domain www.thesmokinggun.com/documents/internet/affidavit-details-fbi-operation-payback-probe" class="resulticonimg js-lazyload-icons" src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/www.thesmokinggun.com.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a><a href="http://www.thesmokinggun.com/documents/internet/affidavit-details-fbi-operation-payback-probe" rel="noopener" class="resulturl js-result-extras-url" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">www.thesmokinggun.com<span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/documents/internet/affidavit-details-fbi-operation-payback-probe</a></div></div><div class="resultsnippet js-result-snippet" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.45; vertical-align: baseline;">The PayPal assault was part of "Operation Payback," an organized effort to attack firms that suspended or froze WikiLeaks's accounts in the wake of the group's publication of thousands of ...</div></div></div><div id="r1-5" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d result--url-above-snippet" data-domain="thelede.blogs.nytimes.com" data-hostname="thelede.blogs.nytimes.com" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" rel="noopener" href="https://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/operation-payback-targets-mastercard-and-paypal-sites-to-avenge-wikileaks/" style="margin: 0px 0px -0.05em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.22; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;">'Operation Payback' Attacks Target MasterCard and PayPal ...</a></h2><div class="resultextras js-result-extras" style="margin: 1px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; position: relative; min-height: 1.57em; top: 0px;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; width: 568px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="resulticon " style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=operation%20payback%20paypal%2014+site:thelede.blogs.nytimes.com&atb=v31-5" title="Search domain thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/operation-payback-targets-mastercard-and-paypal-sites-to-avenge-wikileaks/" class="js-result-extras-site_search" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img data-src="//external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/thelede.blogs.nytimes.com.ico" height="16" width="16" title="Search domain thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/operation-payback-targets-mastercard-and-paypal-sites-to-avenge-wikileaks/" class="resulticonimg js-lazyload-icons" src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/thelede.blogs.nytimes.com.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a><a href="https://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/operation-payback-targets-mastercard-and-paypal-sites-to-avenge-wikileaks/" rel="noopener" class="resulturl js-result-extras-url" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">https://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com<span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/2010/12/08/operation-payback-targets-mastercard-and-paypal-sites-to-avenge-wikileaks/</a></div></div><div class="resultsnippet js-result-snippet" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.45; vertical-align: baseline;">Last Updated | 6:53 p.m. A group of Internet activists who took credit for attacks on the Web site of PayPal on Monday, and knocked a Swiss postal service bank offline later the same day, said they were behind attacks on MasterCard on Wednesday.. The group, which calls itself Anonymous, explained in a statement that the attacks were an expansion of what it calls Operation Payback, an anti ...</div></div></div><div id="r1-6" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d result--url-above-snippet" data-domain="www.rt.com" data-hostname="www.rt.com" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rt.com/usa/anonymous-operation-payback-indictment-704/" style="margin: 0px 0px -0.05em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.22; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;">Anonymous busted: 13 hacktivists indicted over Operation ...</a></h2><div class="resultextras js-result-extras" style="margin: 1px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; position: relative; min-height: 1.57em; top: 0px;"><div class="resultextrasurl" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; width: 568px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="resulticon " style="margin: -3px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=operation%20payback%20paypal%2014+site:www.rt.com&atb=v31-5" title="Search domain www.rt.com/usa/anonymous-operation-payback-indictment-704/" class="js-result-extras-site_search" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img data-src="//external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/www.rt.com.ico" height="16" width="16" title="Search domain www.rt.com/usa/anonymous-operation-payback-indictment-704/" class="resulticonimg js-lazyload-icons" src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/www.rt.com.ico" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/anonymous-operation-payback-indictment-704/" rel="noopener" class="resulturl js-result-extras-url" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="resulturldomain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">https://www.rt.com<span class="resulturlfull" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;">/usa/anonymous-operation-payback-indictment-704/</a></div></div><div class="resultsnippet js-result-snippet" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.45; vertical-align: baseline;">That group, the so-called "PayPal 14," is expected to appear in federal court in California later this month. Other defendants in the Operation Payback case include Jeremy Leroy Heller, Zhiwei Chen, Joshua S. Phy, Ryan Russell Gubele, Robert Audubon Whitfield, Anthony Tadros, Geoffrey Kenneth Commander, Phillip Garrett Simpson, Austen l.</div></div></div><div id="r1-7" class="result results_links_deep highlight_d result--url-above-snippet" data-domain="www.theguardian.com" data-hostname="www.theguardian.com" data-nir="1" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="resultbody links_main links_deep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 10px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;">2 guk</h2></div></div></div></div>