montenegro

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">newsweek 7/18</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ru<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ssia’s rivalry with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) runs deep. But would the Kremlin try to assassinate a democratically elected leader to stop a country from joining the alliance?</span></font></b></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to investigators and researchers digging into an alleged coup attempt in Montenegro, a tiny European country that lies along the Mediterranean, that is exactly what Russia did two years ago.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A new report&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fpri.org/article/2018/07/hanging-by-a-thread-russias-strategy-of-destabilization-in-montenegro/" rel="nofollow" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-style: none none solid; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(247, 34, 16); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-decoration-line: none;">by&nbsp;the Foreign Policy Research Institute</a>&nbsp;reveals new&nbsp;details about an ongoing investigation into an attempt to topple Montenegro’s government on the eve of parliamentary elections on October 16, 2016. Investigators say Russia was to blame.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We have a new member state Montenegro, who on the cusp of joining NATO was faced with, not just any coup, but one backed by the Russian government,” Richard Kraemer, one of the report’s authors and a Eurasia fellow at the U.S. think tank Foreign Policy Research Institute, told&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">Newsweek.</em></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></em></p><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">wapo op ed BS</font></div><div><div class="pb-sig-line inline-content has-headshot has-1-headshots hasnt-bio is-column" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 25px; padding-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; position: relative; line-height: 1.1em; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; flex-wrap: nowrap;" franklin="Franklin" gothic="Gothic" medium="Medium" itc="ITC" apple="Apple" sd="SD" neo="Neo" myriad="Myriad" set="Set" pro="Pro" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" light="Light" arial="Arial" lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" sans-serif="sans-serif" margin-top="margin-top" px="px" important="important" padding-top="padding-top" border-top="border-top"><div class="headshot-to-the-left" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; align-self: flex-end;"><div class="bottomizer" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline;"><span class="pb-byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/marc-a-thiessen/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">&nbsp;Thiessen</font></span></a></span><span class="pb-role" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Columnist</font></span><span class="pb-timestamp" itemprop="datePublished" content="2018-07-31T04:28-500" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.3em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">July 31</font></span><span class="pb-bolt" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" /></div></div><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; clear: both; align-self: flex-end;"><p data-elm-loc="1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fox News host Tucker Carlson recently&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqVg8byadj0" title="www.youtube.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">asked</a>&nbsp;President Trump, “Why should my son go to Montenegro to defend it from attack?” It is a fair question — one that many Americans were asking following Trump’s performance at the NATO summit — and it deserved a better answer than the president’s musing on the “<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-says-defending-tiny-nato-ally-montenegro-could-lead-to-world-war-iii/2018/07/18/f7a09276-8a80-11e8-8aea-86e88ae760d8_story.html?utm_term=.7d324c877ffd" title="www.washingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">aggressive</a>” nature of Montenegrins.</font></span></p><p data-elm-loc="2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Instead, Trump should have recalled the words he spoke last year in Poland&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2017/07/07/trump-was-right-to-embrace-the-1944-warsaw-uprising/?utm_term=.5bd9b7b1779b" title="www.washingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">praising</a>&nbsp;the heroes of the Warsaw Uprising, the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.thenews.pl/1/11/Artykul/375533,Poles-urged-to-commemorate-Warsaw-Uprising-heroes" title="www.thenews.pl" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">74th anniversary</a>&nbsp;of which is being marked on Wednesday. In one of the most powerful speeches of his presidency, Trump recalled the terrible price that millions paid for the West’s failure to deter Nazi and Soviet aggression. “Under a double occupation, the Polish people endured evils beyond description,” Trump&nbsp;<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-people-poland/" title="www.whitehouse.gov" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">recalled</a>: “the Katyn forest massacre, the occupations, the Holocaust, the Warsaw Ghetto and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, the destruction of this beautiful capital city and the deaths of nearly 1 in 5 Polish people. A vibrant Jewish population — the largest in Europe — was reduced to almost nothing after the Nazis systematically murdered millions of Poland’s Jewish citizens.”</font></p><p data-elm-loc="3" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The reason NATO was created out of the ashes of World War II was precisely to make certain such destruction never happens again. In 1938, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain famously&nbsp;<a href="http://www.historyguide.org/europe/munich.html" title="www.historyguide.org" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">dismissed</a>&nbsp;Germany’s threats toward Czechoslovakia, declaring that Britain should not get drawn into war “because of a quarrel in a far-away country between people of whom we know nothing.” The result was 50 million people dead, a continent in flames and the gas chambers of Auschwitz.</font></p><p data-elm-loc="4" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The lesson we learned from that experience is that weakness is provocative. When adversaries believe you are weak, they are emboldened to act — and prone to miscalculate. When they believe you are strong and determined, however, they are far less likely to test you and start cataclysmic wars.</font></p><p data-elm-loc="5" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Trump believes in peace through strength. But to have peace requires not just military strength. As Trump said in Warsaw, “Our defense is not just a commitment of money, it is a commitment of will.” President Ronald Reagan used the military far less than any of those who succeeded him in office not just because he rebuilt America’s military strength but also because America’s adversaries did not doubt his willingness to use it.</font></p><p data-elm-loc="6" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Why did Russian President Vladimir Putin believe he could invade Ukraine and annex Crimea without consequence? It was no mere coincidence that Russia’s intervention happened just six months after President Barack Obama failed to enforce his red line in Syria. Putin saw that Obama imposed no costs on Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s defiance, unwilling to launch strikes that a U.S.&nbsp;official&nbsp;<a href="http://articles.latimes.com/2013/aug/28/world/la-fg-obama-dilemma-20130828" title="articles.latimes.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">said</a>&nbsp;would be “just muscular enough not to get mocked.” At that moment, he knew there would be no real costs for his intervention in Ukraine.</font></p><p data-elm-loc="7" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Obama projected weakness. On taking office, Trump rectified that situation by enforcing Obama’s Syria red line, not once but twice — sending a message of strength that was heard not just in Damascus but in Moscow as well.</font></p><p data-elm-loc="8" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There is a reason Putin despises the NATO alliance so much — and has fought to prevent further integration of the countries of Eastern Europe into it. He knows he may be able to bully his unallied neighbors, but he can’t bully a NATO ally — because that ally is backed up by 28&nbsp;others, bonded by a mutual commitment to each other’s security and led by an American president who, while seeking friendship with all, is unafraid to flex U.S. military muscle.</font></p><p data-elm-loc="9" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That is why Putin opposed the admission of Montenegro into the NATO alliance,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/montenegro-is-by-no-means-an-aggressive-country/2018/07/29/6d8ab60a-911c-11e8-ae59-01880eac5f1d_story.html?utm_term=.971fb9668608" title="www.washingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">reportedly</a>&nbsp;even backing a plot to assassinate Montenegro’s prime minister in an effort to stop it. That is why Putin wants Trump to fail in his effort to get the NATO allies to meet their commitments and spend 2 percent of gross domestic product on defense. He understands that a weak NATO cannot deter him but a strong NATO can.</font></p><p data-elm-loc="10" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" color="color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As Trump said in Warsaw, “As long as we know our history, we will know how to build our future. Americans know that a strong alliance of free, sovereign and independent nations is the best defense for our freedoms and for our interests.” The whole point of NATO is not to defend Montenegro; it is to make sure we never&nbsp;<i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">have&nbsp;</i>to defend Monte­negro — or Warsaw, or Paris, or London again.</font></p><div data-elm-loc="12" class="extra" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" franklin="Franklin" gothic="Gothic" medium="Medium" itc="ITC" apple="Apple" sd="SD" neo="Neo" myriad="Myriad" set="Set" pro="Pro" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" light="Light" arial="Arial" lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" sans-serif="sans-serif"><p data-elm-loc="12" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: calc(1.4em + 0.3333vw);" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><b style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Read more:</font></b></p><p data-elm-loc="12" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: calc(1.4em + 0.3333vw);" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/if-nato-is-obsolete-why-is-putin-fighting-it-so-hard/2018/07/24/706c6416-8f6b-11e8-8322-b5482bf5e0f5_story.html?utm_term=.dd149ceb9a4c" title="www.washingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Post’s View: If NATO is obsolete, why is Putin fighting it so hard?</font></a></p><p data-elm-loc="12" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: calc(1.4em + 0.3333vw);" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/montenegro-is-by-no-means-an-aggressive-country/2018/07/29/6d8ab60a-911c-11e8-ae59-01880eac5f1d_story.html?utm_term=.971fb9668608" title="www.washingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Letters to the Editor: Who’s afraid of Montenegro?</font></a></p><p data-elm-loc="12" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: calc(1.4em + 0.3333vw);" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/to-die-for-estonia/2017/06/01/465619a6-46f1-11e7-a196-a1bb629f64cb_story.html?utm_term=.f34e92fbca1b" title="www.washingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Charles Krauthammer: To die for Estonia?</font></a></p><p data-elm-loc="12" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: calc(1.4em + 0.3333vw);" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/07/16/trumps-destructive-attitude-toward-nato-makes-putins-job-a-lot-easier/?utm_term=.19a1441a3cf6" title="www.washingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Judy Dempsey: Trump’s destructive attitude toward NATO makes Putin’s job a lot easier</font></a></p><p data-elm-loc="12" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: calc(1.4em + 0.3333vw);" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2017/07/07/trump-was-right-to-embrace-the-1944-warsaw-uprising/?utm_term=.5bd9b7b1779b" title="www.washingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Marc A. Thiessen: Trump was right to embrace the 1944 Warsaw Uprising</font></a></p></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">also guard uk</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAMQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwik_IrZ_djcAhUBca0KHcIBA00Q1CcoADARegQIAxAA" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-russian-military-spies-backed-attempt-assassinate-leader-montenegro-1007324" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-russian-military-spies-backed-attempt-assassinate-leader-montenegro-1007324&ved=2ahUKEwik_IrZ_djcAhUBca0KHcIBA00Q1ScwEXoECAMQAQ" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exclusive: Russian Military Spies Backed Attempt to Assassinate ...</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-russian-military-spies-backed-attempt-assassinate-l...</font></cite></div><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We have a new member state&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">Montenegro</span>, who on the cusp of joining NATO was faced with, not just any coup, but one backed by the Russian&nbsp;...</font></span></div></div></div><div class="index_debug" style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAIQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwik_IrZ_djcAhUBca0KHcIBA00Q1CcoADASegQIAhAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/no-mr-president-montenegro-is-not-going-to-start-world-war-three" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/no-mr-president-montenegro-is-not-going-to-start-world-war-three&ved=2ahUKEwik_IrZ_djcAhUBca0KHcIBA00Q1ScwEnoECAIQAQ" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">No, Mr. President, Montenegro is Not Going to Start the Third World ...</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.newyorker.com/.../no-mr-president-montenegro-is-not-going-to-start-world...</font></cite></div><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robin Wright on the ignorance of Donald Trump's comments about NATO,&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">Montenegro</span>, and the risk of starting the Third World War.</font></span></div></div></div></div></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro</font></a></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-spacing: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right; line-height: 1.2em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="adr" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.25em 0.33em 0.33em; line-height: 1.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="fn org country-name">Montenegro</span>
</font><div style="padding-top: 0.25em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Црна Гора
<i>Crna Gora</i></font></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.5em 0px;"><div style="display: table; width: 269px;"><div style="display: table-cell; width: 151px; vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 5px;"><div style="padding-bottom: 3px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Montenegro.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><img alt="Flag of Montenegro" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/125px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" width="125" height="63" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/188px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/250px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" style="border: 1px solid rgb(234, 236, 240); vertical-align: middle;" /></font></a></div><div style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Montenegro" title="Flag of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Flag</font></a></div></div><div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0px 5px;"><div style="padding-bottom: 3px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg" class="image" title="Coat of arms of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><img alt="Coat of arms of Montenegro" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg.png" width="85" height="98" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="619" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></font></a></div><div style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro" title="Coat of arms of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Coat of arms</font></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="anthem" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><div style="line-height: 1.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Anthem:&nbsp;</b>
"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oj,svijetla_majska_zoro" title="Oj, svijetla majska zoro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ој, свијетла мајска зоро</a>"
"<i>Oj, svijetla majska zoro</i>"
(English:&nbsp;<span lang="en">"Oh, Bright Dawn of May"</span>)
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text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Europe-Montenegro.svg" class="image" title="Location of &nbsp;Montenegro&nbsp;&nbsp;(Green)in Europe&nbsp;&nbsp;(Dark Grey)&nbsp; –&nbsp; [Legend]" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><img alt="Location of &nbsp;Montenegro&nbsp;&nbsp;(Green)in Europe&nbsp;&nbsp;(Dark Grey)&nbsp; –&nbsp; [Legend]" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Europe-Montenegro.svg/250px-Europe-Montenegro.svg.png" width="250" height="210" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Europe-Montenegro.svg/375px-Europe-Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Europe-Montenegro.svg/500px-Europe-Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></font></a><div style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><div style="line-height: 1.15em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Location of&nbsp;&nbsp;Montenegro<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>(Green)</font><p style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.15em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Europe</a><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>(Dark Grey)&nbsp; –&nbsp; [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Europe-Montenegro.svg" title="File:Europe-Montenegro.svg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Legend</a>]</font></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Capital
<span style="font-weight: normal;">and largest city</span></font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Podgorica</a>
<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png 1x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/34px-WMA_button2b.png 2x" class="wmamapbutton noprint" title="Show location on an interactive map" alt="" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; cursor: pointer;" /><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Montenegro&params=42_47_N_19_28_E_type:city" style="text-decoration-line: none; white-space: normal; background: none !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span class="geo-default" style="display: inline;"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location" style="display: inline;"><span class="latitude" style="white-space: nowrap;">42°47′N</span>&nbsp;<span class="longitude" style="white-space: nowrap;">19°28′E</span></span></span></a></span></span></font></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Official&nbsp;languages</font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montenegrin</a><sup style="line-height: 1;">a</sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Writing system</font></a></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Cyrillic</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Latin</a></font></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ethnic&nbsp;groups</a><span style="font-weight: normal;">(2011<sup id="cite_ref-Monstat_2-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-Monstat-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup>)</span></font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: inherit;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">44.5%&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrins(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrins (ethnic group)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montenegrins</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">28.7%&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbs_of_Montenegro" title="Serbs of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Serbs</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8.6%&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Montenegro" title="Bosniaks of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bosniaks</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.9%&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanians_in_Montenegro" title="Albanians in Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Albanians</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">0.9%&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croats_of_Montenegro" title="Croats of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Croats</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">13.6% others</font></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Religion<span style="font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;(2011)</span></font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: inherit;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">75.93%&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Christians</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">19.21%&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Montenegro" title="Islam in Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Muslims</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.31%&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">irreligious</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.65%&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">others</a></font></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Demonym</font></a></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_people" class="mw-disambig" title="Montenegrin people" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Montenegrin</font></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Montenegro" title="Politics of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Government</font></a></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Unitary</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant-party_system" title="Dominant-party system" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">dominant-party</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">parliamentary</a>constitutional republic</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">President</a></font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87" title="Milo Đukanović" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Milo Đukanović</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Prime Minister</a></font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1ko_Markovi%C4%87" title="Duško Marković" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Duško Marković</font></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Legislature</font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Parliament</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Events</font></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Duklja</a>&nbsp;gains independence from the Byzantine Empire</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1042</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Zeta" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kingdom of Zeta</a>proclaimed</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1373</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro" title="Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro</a>founded</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1696</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Principality</a></font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1 January 1852</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kingdom</a></font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">28 August 1910</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;Formation of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Yugoslavia</a></font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1 December 1918</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_independence_referendum,2006" title="Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Independence regained</a></font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3 June 2006</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Montenegro" title="Geography of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Area</font></a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;Total</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">13,812&nbsp;km<sup style="line-height: 1;">2</sup>(5,333&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">156th</a>)</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;Water&nbsp;(%)</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2.6</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Montenegro" title="Demographics of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Population</font></a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;2017&nbsp;estimate</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">642,550<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">164th</a>)</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;2011&nbsp;census</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">620,029<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;Density</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">45/km<sup style="line-height: 1;">2</sup>&nbsp;(116.5/sq&nbsp;mi) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories by population density" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">121st</a>)</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">GDP</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: normal;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">PPP</a>)</span></font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2018&nbsp;estimate</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;Total</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">$11.381&nbsp;billion<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_5-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-imf2-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></font></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;Per capita</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">$18,261<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_5-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-imf2-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP(PPP)per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">74th</a>)</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">GDP</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: normal;">(nominal)</span></font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2017&nbsp;estimate</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;Total</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">$4.020&nbsp;billion<sup id="cite_ref-data.un.org_6-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-data.un.org-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup></font></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;Per capita</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">$6,424<sup id="cite_ref-data.un.org_6-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-data.un.org-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP(nominal)per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">80th</a>)</font></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gini</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: normal;">(2013)</span></font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">26.2<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup>
<span style="white-space: nowrap;">low</span>&nbsp;·&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality" title="List of countries by income equality" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">9th</a></font></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">HDI</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: normal;">(2015)</span></font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><img alt="Increase" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" title="Increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;0.807<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_8-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-HDI-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup>
<span style="white-space: nowrap;">very high</span>&nbsp;·&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">49th</a></font></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Currency</font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Euro</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">€</a>)<sup style="line-height: 1;">b</sup>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">EUR</a>)</font></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Time zone</font></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CET</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">UTC</a>+1)</span></font></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><div style="text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">•&nbsp;Summer&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">DST</a>)</font></div></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CEST</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">UTC</a>+2)</font></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-and_left-hand_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="Right- and left-hand traffic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Drives on the</font></a></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">right</font></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Montenegro" title="Telephone numbers in Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Calling code</font></a></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Montenegro" title="Telephone numbers in Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+382</font></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">ISO 3166 code</font></a></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:ME" title="ISO 3166-2:ME" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">ME</font></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Internet TLD</font></a></th><td style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.me" title=".me" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">.me</font></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.4em 0.6em;"><div style="text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><ol style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li value="1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">By Constitution, Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian are in official use.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup></font></li><li value="2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_and_the_euro" title="Montenegro and the euro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Adopted unilaterally</a>; Montenegro is not a formal member of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Eurozone</a>.</font></li></ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>Montenegro</b>&nbsp;(<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none !important;">/<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>,&nbsp;<wbr style="display: inline-block;" />-<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>-,&nbsp;<wbr style="display: inline-block;" />-<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>-/</a></span><small class="nowrap" style="">&nbsp;(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-us-Montenegro.ogg" title="About this sound" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><img alt="About this sound" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px;" /></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/En-us-Montenegro.ogg" class="internal" title="En-us-Montenegro.ogg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">listen</a></span></span>)</small></span>;&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montenegrin</a>:&nbsp;<span lang="cnr">Црна Гора</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<i>Crna Gora</i>&nbsp;<small style=""><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none !important;">[tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra]</a></span>) is a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">sovereign state</a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Europe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Southeastern Europe</a>&nbsp;on the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Adriatic Sea</a>. It borders&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>&nbsp;to the north;&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Serbia</a>&nbsp;and the disputed territory of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kosovo</a><sup id="cite_ref-status_10-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-status-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[a]</a></sup>&nbsp;to the east;&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania" title="Albania" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Albania</a>&nbsp;to the south and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Croatia</a>&nbsp;to the west. Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 620 thousand, most of whom are&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Orthodox Christians</a>. Its capital&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Podgorica</a>&nbsp;is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Cetinje</a>&nbsp;is designated as the Old Royal Capital.</small></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In the 9th century, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro:&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Duklja</a>, roughly corresponding to the southern half;&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Travunia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Travunia</a>, the west; and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia(medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (medieval)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Rascia</a>, the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Luscombe_11-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-Luscombe-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sedlar_12-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-Sedlar-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a></sup>&nbsp;In 1042,&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon" title="Archon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">archon</a></i>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Vojislav" title="Stefan Vojislav" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Stefan Vojislav</a>&nbsp;led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Byzantine Empire</a>&nbsp;and the establishment of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojislavljevi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Vojislavljević dynasty" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Vojislavljević dynasty</a>. The independent&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta_under_the_Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87i" title="Zeta under the Balšići" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Principality of Zeta</a>&nbsp;emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries, ruled by the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Balšić" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">House of Balšić</a>&nbsp;between 1356 and 1421, and by the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Crnojevi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Crnojević" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">House of Crnojević</a>&nbsp;between 1431 and 1498, when the name Montenegro started being used for the country. After falling under&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_Vilayet" title="Montenegro Vilayet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ottoman rule</a>, Montenegro regained&nbsp;<i>de facto</i>independence in 1697 under the rule of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Petrović-Njegoš" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">House of Petrović-Njegoš</a>, first under the theocratic rule of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro" title="Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">prince-bishops</a>, before being transformed into a secular&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">principality</a>&nbsp;in 1852. Montenegro's&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">de jure</a></i>&nbsp;independence was recognised by the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Powers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Great Powers</a>&nbsp;at the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Congress of Berlin</a>&nbsp;in 1878, following the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War(1876%E2%80%9378)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–78)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montenegrin–Ottoman War</a>. In 1905, the country became a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">kingdom</a>. After&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World War I</a>, it became part of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Yugoslavia</a>. Following the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>, the republics of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Serbia</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Montenegro(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montenegro</a>&nbsp;together established a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation" title="Federation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">federation</a>&nbsp;known as the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>, which was renamed&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Union_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="State Union of Serbia and Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">State Union of Serbia and Montenegro</a>&nbsp;in 2003. On the basis of an&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_independence_referendum,2006" title="Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">independence referendum</a>&nbsp;held in May 2006, Montenegro declared independence and the federation peacefully dissolved on 3 June of that year.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Since 1990, the country has been governed by the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Socialists_of_Montenegro" title="Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro</a>&nbsp;and its minor coalition partners. Classified by the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World Bank</a>&nbsp;as an upper middle-income country, Montenegro is a member of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">UN</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">NATO</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World Trade Organization</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Council of Europe</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Central European Free Trade Agreement</a>. It is a founding member of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Union for the Mediterranean</a>.</font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Etymology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Etymology</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#History" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Middle_Ages_and_arrival_of_the_Slavs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Middle Ages and arrival of the Slavs</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro_and_fights_against_the_Ottomans" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro and fights against the Ottomans</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Principality_of_Montenegro(1852%E2%80%931910)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910)</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Kingdom_of_Montenegro(1910%E2%80%931918)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#World_War_II" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">World War II</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Montenegro_within_Socialist_Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Montenegro within Socialist Yugoslavia</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Montenegro_within_FR_Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Montenegro within FR Yugoslavia</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Independence" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.9</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Independence</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Euro-Atlantic_integration_in_the_21st_century" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.10</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Euro-Atlantic integration in the 21st century</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Geography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Geography</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Biodiversity" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Biodiversity</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Politics</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Foreign_relations_of_Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Foreign relations of Montenegro</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Symbols" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Symbols</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Military" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Military</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Administrative_divisions" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Administrative divisions</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Cities_in_Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Cities in Montenegro</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Economy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Economy</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Infrastructure" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Infrastructure</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Tourism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Tourism</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Demographics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Demographics</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Ethnic_structure" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Ethnic structure</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Languages" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Languages</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Religion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Religion</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Education</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Elementary_and_secondary_education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Elementary and secondary education</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Tertiary_education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Tertiary education</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Post-graduate_education" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Post-graduate education</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Culture" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Culture</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Art" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Art</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Literature" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Literature</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Media" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Media</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Cuisine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Cuisine</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Sport" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8.5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Sport</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Public_holidays" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8.6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Public holidays</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">9</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Notes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Notes</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Citations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Citations</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Sources" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Sources</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#Further_reading" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">11</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Further reading</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">12</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montenegro&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="thumb tleft" style="float: left; clear: left; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 1.3em 0px; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 202px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_city_Doclea-ruins_02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data" /></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_city_Doclea-ruins_02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ancient&nbsp;</font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Roman city</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doclea(town)" title="Doclea (town)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Doclea</a>.</font></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The country's name derives from&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Venetian</a>&nbsp;and translates to 'black mountain', deriving from the appearance of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov%C4%87en" title="Lovćen" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mount Lovćen</a>&nbsp;when covered in dense forests.<sup id="cite_ref-visit-montenegro_14-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-visit-montenegro-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The native name&nbsp;<i>Crna Gora</i>&nbsp;came to denote the majority of contemporary Montenegro only in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Fine532_15-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-Fine532-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup>&nbsp;Originally, it had referred to only a small strip of land under the rule of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1trovi%C4%87i" title="Paštrovići" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Paštrovići</a>, but the name eventually came to be used for the wider mountainous region after the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crnojevi%C4%87_noble_family" title="Crnojević noble family" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Crnojević noble family</a>&nbsp;took power in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Zeta" title="Upper Zeta" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Upper Zeta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fine532_15-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-Fine532-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup>&nbsp;The aforementioned region became known as&nbsp;<i>Stara Crna Gora</i>&nbsp;'<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Montenegro" title="Old Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Old Montenegro</a>' by the 19th century to distinguish the independent region from the neighbouring Ottoman-occupied Montenegrin territory of&nbsp;<i>Brda</i>&nbsp;'(The) Highlands'. Montenegro further increased its size several times by the 20th century, as the result of wars against the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ottoman Empire</a>, which saw the annexation of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Herzegovina" title="Old Herzegovina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Old Herzegovina</a>&nbsp;and parts of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metohija" title="Metohija" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Metohija</a>&nbsp;and southern&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(region)" title="Raška (region)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Raška</a>. Its borders have changed little since then, losing&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metohija" title="Metohija" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Metohija</a>&nbsp;and gaining the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bay of Kotor</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After the second session of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">AVNOJ</a>&nbsp;during&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World War II in Yugoslavia</a>, the modern state of Montenegro was founded as the&nbsp;<i>Federal State of Montenegro</i>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montenegrin</a>: Савезна држава Црне Горе&nbsp;<i>Savezna država Crne Gore</i>) on 15 November 1943 within the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia by the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Anti-fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Montenegro_and_Boka" title="State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Montenegro and Boka" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ZAVNOCGB</a>. After DF Yugoslavia became the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, the Federal State of Montenegro was renamed to the&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Montenegro" title="Socialist Republic of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">People's Republic of Montenegro</a></i>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montenegrin</a>: Народна Република Црна Гора&nbsp;<i>Narodna Republika Crna Gora</i>) on 29 November 1945. In 1963, the FPRY was renamed to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and coincidentally, the People's Republic of Montenegro was renamed to the&nbsp;<i>Socialist Republic of Montenegro</i>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montenegrin</a>: Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора&nbsp;<i>Socijalistička Republika Crna Gora</i>). As the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>occurred, the SRCG was renamed to the&nbsp;<i>Republic of Montenegro</i>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montenegrin</a>: Република Црна Гора&nbsp;<i>Republika Crna Gora</i>) on 27 April 1992 within the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>&nbsp;by removing the adjective "socialist" from the republic's title. Since 22 October 2007, a year after its independence, the name of the country became simply known as&nbsp;<i>Montenegro</i>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISO Alpha-2</a>&nbsp;code for Montenegro is ME and the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-3" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alpha-3 Code</a>&nbsp;is MNE.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montenegro&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Main article:&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Montenegro" title="History of Montenegro" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">History of Montenegro</a></font></div></div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">===</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>