ilan ziv cap doc

<div>=</div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Wilhelm_Amo">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Wilhelm_Amo</a></div><div>
</div><div>Anton Wilhelm Amo or Anthony William Amo (c. 1703 – c. 1759) was an African <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher" title="Philosopher" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">philosopher</a> originally from what is now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ghana</a>. Amo was a professor at the universities of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Halle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Halle" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Halle</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jena</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Germany</a> after studying there. Brought to Germany by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Dutch West India Company</a> in 1707 as a child-slave, and given as a gift to Dukes <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_William,Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">August Wilhelm</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Rudolph,Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ludwig Rudolf von Wolfenbüttel</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Wilhelm_Amo#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> he was treated as a member of the family by their father <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Ulrich,Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>. Amo was the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Africa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">African</a>-born person known to have attended a European <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University" title="University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">university</a>. In 2020, Oxford University Press published a translation (into English) of his Latin works from the early 1730s.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Wilhelm_Amo#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a>...</div><div>Amo was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzema_people" title="Nzema people" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nzema</a> (an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akan(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akan (ethnic group)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Akan</a> people). He was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axim" title="Axim" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Axim</a> in the Western region of present-day Ghana, but at the age of about four he was taken to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Amsterdam</a> by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dutch West India Company</a>. Some accounts say that he was taken as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="African slave trade" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">slave</a>, others that he was sent to Amsterdam by a preacher working in Ghana. The truth of the matter is that he was given as a "present" to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Ulrich,Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, to whose palace in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Wolfenbüttel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wolfenbüttel</a> he was taken.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Wilhelm_Amo#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a>Amo was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">baptised</a> (and later <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">confirmed</a>) in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace" title="Palace" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">palace</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">chapel</a>. He was treated as a member of the Duke's family, and was educated at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_Ritter-Akademie" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfenbüttel Ritter-Akademie" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wolfenbüttel Ritter-Akademie</a> (1717–21) and at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Helmstedt" title="University of Helmstedt" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Helmstedt</a> (1721–27).He went on to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Halle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Halle" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Halle</a>, whose Law School he entered in 1727. He finished his preliminary studies within two years, titling his thesis Dissertatio Inauguralis de Jure Maurorum in Europa (1729). This manuscript on The Rights of Moors in Europe is lost, but a summary was published in his university's Annals (1730). For his further studies Amo moved to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wittenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wittenberg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Wittenberg</a>, studying <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic" title="Logic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">logic</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">metaphysics</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">physiology</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">astronomy</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History" title="History" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">history</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law" title="Law" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">law</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology" title="" style="background: none;">theology</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics" title="Politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">politics</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">medicine</a>, and mastered six languages (English, French, Dutch, Latin, Greek, and German). His medical education in particular was to play a central role in much of his later philosophical thought.He gained his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate#Germany" title="Doctorate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">doctorate</a> in philosophy at Wittenberg in 1734; his thesis (published as On the Absence of Sensation in the Human Mind and its Presence in our Organic and Living Body) argued against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_dualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartesian dualism" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Cartesian dualism</a> in favour of a broadly <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">materialist</a> account of the person. He accepted that it is correct to talk of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind" title="Mind" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">mind</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul(spirit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soul (spirit)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">soul</a>, but argued that it is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">body</a> rather than the mind which perceives and feels.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Wilhelm_Amo#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a><blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 8px 32px; border-left: none; white-space: normal;">Whatever feels, lives; whatever lives, depends on nourishment; whatever lives and depends on nourishment grows; whatever is of this nature is in the end resolved into its basic principles; whatever comes to be resolved into its basic principles is a complex; every complex has its constituent parts; whatever this is true of is a divisible body. If therefore the human mind feels, it follows that it is a divisible body.</blockquote><dl style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; white-space: normal;"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">(On the Ἀπάθεια (Apatheia) of the Human Mind 2.1)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; white-space: normal;">Philosophical career and later life[</h2>Amo returned to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Halle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Halle" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Halle</a> to lecture in philosophy under his preferred name of Antonius Guilelmus Amo Afer. In 1736 he was made a professor. From his lectures, he produced his second major work in 1738, Treatise on the Art of Philosophising Soberly and Accurately, in which he developed an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">empiricist</a> epistemology very close to but distinct from that of philosophers such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John Locke</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">David Hume</a>. In it he also examined and criticised faults such as intellectual dishonesty, dogmatism, and prejudice.In 1740 Amo took up a post in philosophy at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Jena</a>, but while there he experienced a number of changes for the worse. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Albert_II,Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a> had died in 1735, leaving him without his long-standing patron and protector. That coincided with social changes in Germany, which was becoming intellectually and morally narrower and less liberal. Those who argued against the secularisation of education (and against the rights of Africans in Europe) were regaining their ascendancy over those who campaigned for greater academic and social freedom, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff(philosopher)" title="Christian Wolff (philosopher)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Christian Wolff</a>.Amo was subjected to an unpleasant campaign by some of his enemies, including a public <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parody" title="Parody" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">lampoon</a> staged at a theatre in Halle. He finally decided to return to the land of his birth. He set sail on a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dutch West India Company</a> ship to Ghana via <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Guinea</a>, arriving in about 1747; his father and a sister were still living there. His life from then on becomes more obscure. According to at least one report, he was taken to a Dutch fortress, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_San_Sebastian" title="Fort San Sebastian" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fort San Sebastian</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shama,Ghana" title="Shama, Ghana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Shama</a>, in the 1750s, possibly to prevent him sowing dissent among his people. The exact date, place, and manner of his death are unknown, though he probably died in about 1759 at the fort in Shama in Ghana.<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; white-space: normal;">Legacy[</h2>Amo is cited in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abb%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9goire" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbé Grégoire" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Abbé Grégoire</a>'s De la littérature des nègres (1808).In August 2020, in a context of 'decolonization' of place names following the death of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George Floyd</a>, the German capital <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Berlin</a> decided to rename its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohrenstra%C3%9Fe" title="Mohrenstraße" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mohrenstraße</a> to "Anton-Wilhelm-Amo-Straße" in his honor.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Wilhelm_Amo#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a>On 10 October 2020, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google" title="Google" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Google</a> celebrated him with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Google Doodle</a>.</div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div><a href="https://lumpenproletariat.org/2016/02/19/capitalism-a-six-part-series-2015-directed-by-ilan-ziv/">https://lumpenproletariat.org/2016/02/19/capitalism-a-six-part-series-2015-directed-by-ilan-ziv/</a></div><div>
</div><div>Episode 1: <a href="http://icarusfilms.com/new2015/capi1.html" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Smith, The Birth of the Free Market</a>
Capitalism is much more complex than the vision Adam Smith laid out in The Wealth of Nations. Indeed, it predates Smith by centuries and took root in the practices of colonialism and the slave trade.Episode 2: <a href="http://icarusfilms.com/new2015/capi2.html" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Wealth of Nations: A New Gospel?</a>
Adam Smith was both economist and moral philosopher. But his work on morality is largely forgotten, leading to tragic distortions that have shaped our global economic system.Episode 3: <a href="http://icarusfilms.com/new2015/capi3.html" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ricardo and Malthus: Did You Say Freedom?</a>
The roots of today’s global trade agreements lie in the work of stockbroker David Ricardo and demographer Thomas Malthus. Together, they would restructure society in the image of the market.Episode 4: <a href="http://icarusfilms.com/new2015/capi4.html" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">What If Marx Was Right?</a>
Have we gotten Marx wrong by focusing on the Communist Manifesto instead of on his critique of how capitalism works – a critique that is relevant and as penetrating as ever?Episode 5: <a href="http://icarusfilms.com/new2015/capi5.html" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Keynes vs Hayek: A Fake Debate?</a>
The ideological divide between the philosophies of John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich Hayek has dominated economics for nearly a century. Is it time for the pendulum to swing back to Keynes? Or do we need a whole new approach that goes beyond this dualism?Episode 6: <a href="http://icarusfilms.com/new2015/capi6.html" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Karl Polanyi, The Human Factor</a>
An exploration of the life and work of Karl Polanyi, who sought to reintegrate society and economy. Could the commodification of labour and money ultimately be as disastrous as floods, drought and earthquakes?CAPITALISM is an impressive series that makes economics accessible through an interdisciplinary approach that explores the work of great thinkers, while embedding economics in specific social, political, and historical contexts. The series can be watched as a whole, but each episode also stands alone.The series features some of the world’s top economists, historians, anthropologists, and sociologists, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Thomas Piketty</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_chomsky" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Noam Chomsky</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yanis Varoufakis</a>, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/aug/14/adam-smith-nicholas-phillipson-review" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nicholas Phillipson</a>, <a href="http://www.karipolanyilevitt.com/" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kari Polanyi Levitt</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Graeber" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">David Graeber</a>, and Abraham Rotstein. <a href="http://icarusfilms.com/new2015/capi7.html" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">View the complete list of storytellers</a>.----Dr. Robert Boyer (France), Episodes 1–6Professor (Directeur d' Etudes) at the University of Paris, President of the Association of Research and Regulation, Member of the Executive Council of the Society for Advancement of Socio Economics, an international inter disciplinary academic organization.
Dr. Ha-Joon Chang
Dr. Ha-Joon Chang (Korea/UK), Episodes 2, 3Reader in the Political Economy of Development, Faculty of Economics University of Cambridge, author of Bad Samaritans and 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism.
Prof. Noam Chomsky (US), Episode 2Linguist, Philosopher, MIT
Dr. Alan Ebenstein (US), Episode 5An Author and a scholar, Professor of Economics in the University of California, Santa Barbara. Author of Friedrich Hayek: A Biography, as well as several other books dealing with political thinkers.
Prof. Stuart Ewen (US), Episode 1Stuart Ewen is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Film & Media Studies at Hunter College, and in the Ph.D. Programs in History, Sociology and American Studies at The CUNY Graduate Center (City University of New York). He is generally considered one of the originators of the field of Media Studies, and his writings have continued to shape debates in the field. He is the author of a number of influential books, including PR! A Social History of Spin (1996) and All Consuming images: The Politics of Style in Contemporary Culture (1987; 1999).
Mary Gabriel (US), Episode 4Author of Love and Capital
Prof. James Kenneth Galbraith (US), Episode 5Lloyd M. Bentsen, Jr. Chair in Government/ Business Relations, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, and Professor, Department of Government, The University of Texas at Austin. Visiting Scholar, The Brookings Institution, 1985.
Dr. Lewis Gordon (Jamaica/US), Episode 2Temple University Prof. of Africana Philosophy and Visiting Professor of Philosophy at the University of the West Indies at Mona Jamaica.
Dr. David Graeber (US), Episodes 1, 3, 6Graber is the author of the acclaimed book Debt: The First 5000 Years. He is also one of the founders of Occupied Wall Street movement and an Anti Globalization activist. Dr. Graber is a professor of anthropology in the London School of Economics.
Dr. Yuval Noah Harari (Israel), Episodes 1, 2Lectures at the department of history in the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Areas of Teaching: Military history, medieval history, World History. Author of the international best seller "From animals into gods"- a short history of mankind
Prof. David Harvey (UK/US), Episodes 2, 4Professor Emeritus in the City University of New York and London School of Economics. Author of several books on Marx and his work.
Prof. Carol Heim (US), Episode 4Department of Economics, UMASS/Amherst
Dr. Michael Hudson (US), Episodes 1, 3, 5, 6A research professor of Economics at the University of Missouri, Kansas City and research associate of the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. He has been economic advisor to the Icelandic, Chinese, and Latvian and Mexican goverments. He is a former Wall Street Analyst.
Ho Fung Hung (China), Episodes 1, 3Associate Professor of Sociology at John Hopkins University
Prof. Kari Polanyi Levitt (Canada), Episodes 1, 5, 6Kari Polanyi Levitt is Emerita Professor of Economics at McGill University, Montreal, and was the George Beckford Professor of Political Economy at the University of the West Indies, Mona from 1995 to 1997. She has been Visiting Professor at the Institute of International Relations in Trinidad and has served as an Economic Planning Adviser to the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. Kari is the only daughter of Karl Polanyi.
Dr. Philippe Norel (1954–2014) (France), Episode 1, 2Professor of Economics Poitier University France
Prof. Nicholas Philipson (UK), Episodes 1, 2Honorary Research Fellow University of Edinburgh. Dr. Phillips on has held visiting appointments at Princeton, Yale, Tulsa, the Folger Library, Washington DC and the Ludwig-Maximilian Universidad, Munich.
Prof. Thomas Piketty (France), Episodes 3, 4, 5, 6French economist who works on wealth and income inequality. He is professor at the Ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales, professor at the Paris School of Economics and Centennial professor at the London School of Economics.
Prof. Abraham Rotstein (Canada), Episodes 5, 6Professor of Political Economy, University of Toronto. Member of the Executive Board of the Karl Polanyi Institute of Political Economy
Lord Robert Skidelsky (UK), Episodes 1, 2, 5Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick His three-volume biography of the economist John Maynard Keynes (1983, 1992, 2000) received numerous prizes, including the Lionel Gelber Prize for International Relations and the Council on Foreign Relations Prize for International Relations. He is the author of the The World After Communism (1995) (American edition called The Road from Serfdom). He was made a life peer in 1991, and was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1994. He is chairman of the Governors of Brighton College.
Prof. Yanis Varoufakis (Greece), Episodes 4, 6Professor of Economic Theory at the University of Athens, Greece, Economist in residence Valve corporation USA. Visiting Professor, Lyndon B. Johnson Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Texas, Austin, USA. Varoufakis was Greece's finance minister from January 2015-June 2015.Academic Consultant:Dr. Eric H. Mielants (Belguim/US), Episode 1Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Siences Fairfield University. Author of The Origins of Capitalism and the Rise in the West.
Additional Interviewees:Peter Boffinger (Germany), Episode 5Member of the German Council of Economic Experts
Camille Chalmers (Haiti), Episode 3Economist and Director of the Hatian Platform for an Alternative Development (PAPDA)
Dr. Alberto Chirif (Peru), Episode 1Peruvian Anthropologist, National university of San Marcos
 
Daniel Daianu (Romania), Episode 4Former Finance Minister, Member of the European Parliament
Simon Fairlie (UK), Episode 1A sustainable food advocate, a farmer and a writer
Prof. Walter Farber (Germany/US), Episode 6Historian and Linguist Chicago University Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
Bruno Ferrari (Mexico), Episode 3Mexico, Secretary of the Economy
Joschka Fischer (Germany), Episode 6Germany's Former Foreign Minister
Prof. Arnold Harberger (US), Episode 5Economist, Professor Emiritus, University of California, Los Angeles
Prof. Dennis Hodgson (USA), Episode 3Sociologist, Fairfield University (Connecticut). A specialist on issues of demographics.
Tristram Hunt (UK), Episode 4Historian, Labour Party MP, United Kingdom
Simon Johnson (UK/US), Episode 3Former Chief Economist IMF, Ronald A. Kurtz Professor of Enterpreneurship at the MIT Sloan School of Mamangement. Senator. Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.
Pascal Lamie (France), Episode 3Former Director General of the World Trade Organization (WTO)
George Magnus (UK), Episode 4Former Chief Economist of USB Bank
Jason Manolopoulos (Greece), Episode 6Investment Fund manager, Author
Misu Negritou (Romania), Episode 4President of ING Romania
Luca Niculescu (Romania), Episode 4Journalist, Radio France int'l, Romania
Kevin Noonan (US), Episode 4Biotechnology Patent lawyer
Dr. Kwame Osei (Ghana), Episode 3Historian, Author
ART Reyes (US), Episode 3Former Head of UAW Local 651, Flint Michigan
Vandana Shiva (India), Episode 4Author, Environmental Activist, India
Dr. Aseem Shrivastava (India), Episode 4Enviornmental Economist
Terri Stangl (US), Episode 3Executive Director, Center for Civil Justice, Flint Michigan
Toshiaki Taguchi (Japan), Episode 5Former President of Toyota USA
Dr. Wang Ming (China), Episode 1Chinese Historian Beijing University
Dr. Matias Vernengo (Brazil), Episode 3Professor of Economics, Bucknell University. Visiting professor at University of Rio.----"This for That" is a song in Schoolhouse Rock!, which can be seen in Money Rock. The song teaches us about bartering and the history of currency.=Notes on CAPITALISM: A Six-Part Series[Notes on Episode 1: <a href="http://icarusfilms.com/new2015/capi1.html" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Smith, The Birth of the Free Market</a> by Messina][On Adam Smith][David Hume][Amazon…rubber found by foreign resource extractors…indigenous Maijuna people, then, are enslaved and proletarianised…][Dr. David Graeber][On the <a href="https://lumpenproletariat.org/2016/02/28/debunking-neoclassical-economics-the-myth-of-the-barter-economy/" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">barter myth</a>][Romero Rios (c. 18:49)][Amazon…rubber found by foreign resource extractors…indigenous Maijuna people, then, are enslaved and proletarianised…][(c. 19:07)  Robert Boyer, economist, on the “actors who invented capitalism”][transforming indigenous communities, which were previously self-sufficient, into homo economicus, i.e., the process of proletarianisation][(c. 19:55) On the “discovery of the Americas”, which was important for the development of science and capitalism as well as the interrelations between them.][Yuval Noah Harari, historian][SNIP] *Notes on CAPITALISM: A Six-Part Series<a href="http://icarusfilms.com/new2015/capi4.html" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">EPISODE 4</a>:  What if Marx was right?  [episode summary by Icarus Films]“Paradoxically, we can’t really learn that much about socialism or communism or the future from Marx. We can learn a great deal about how capital works.” —<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Marx</a> historian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Harvey" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">David Harvey</a>When the communist systems of the 20th century crumbled, many thought that was the end for Karl Marx as a serious thinker too. But the last few years have seen a reawakening of interest in Marx’s work – in particular for his analysis of the nature of capital and the forces it unleashes.<img class="edge_photoright" src="https://i1.wp.com/icarusfilms.com/new2015/gifs/capi/capi4_2.jpg" alt="film still" align="right" style="background: 0px 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; left: -4px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 4px 4px 12px;" />Concentrating on commodification, alienation, and the fetishization of money and credit, WHAT IF MARX WAS RIGHT argues that Marx is more relevant now than he has been in nearly a century. Have we gotten Marx wrong by focusing on the Communist Manifesto instead of on his still-cogent critique of how capitalism works?Featuring former Greek finance minister <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yanis Varoufakis</a>, small farm activist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vandana Shiva</a>, economist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Thomas Piketty</a> and Marx experts <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Gabriel%28author%29" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mary Gabriel</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Harvey" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">David Harvey</a>, among others[vid]<span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" initial="initial" font-weight="font-weight" text-align="text-align" center="center">episode 4: What if Marx Was Right?[Working draft transcript of actual free speech radio broadcasts by Messina for Lumpenproletariat, Icarus Films, and KPFA/Pacifica Radio]Episode 4:  What if Marx Was Right?NARRATOR:  [3] “We were told that capitalism is the product of big thinkers and big ideas.  But is it true?  How did ideas shape our lives?  What is their relation to reality?  Can they help us understand <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">today’s economic crisis</a>, let alone the future of capitalism?“[Audio of disciplined Chinese schoolchildren training and chanting in unison]  Dawn in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nanjing</a>, China’s last surviving communist commune.  On the surface, a time warp, complete with revolutionary posters and radio news piped into the main square.  But the community claims it rediscovered Marxist values, as a defence to China’s roaring capitalism.“In London’s financial center, Marx is unexpectedly being rediscovered here as well.”<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristram_Hunt" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">DR. TRISTRAM HUNT</a>: “And all of Marx’s and Engels’ warnings over the dangers of monopoly capitalism and concentrated finance have come to pass.” [4]NARRATOR:  “And we thought he was gone forever.”MARY GABRIEL, M.A.:  “With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the fall of communism, that system of government was consigned to the dustbin of history.  And Marx was thrown out along with it.”NARRATOR:  “So, is it possible that we’ve misread Marx?  Is it possible that his insight into 19th century capitalism has more relevance now than in past decades?  Karl Marx, housed in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trier" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Trier</a>, Germany, besieged by Chinese tourists.”MARY GABRIEL, M.A.:  “Karl Marx was born in 1818 in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhineland" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rhineland</a>, which is the westernmost province of Prussia.  It was an interesting part of the greater Germany because it had been occupied by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Napolean</a>.  And, so, it had been initiated in the ideas of the French Enlightenment.  And that was a milieu in which he was raised.”NARRATOR:  “I can feel no regret, wrote a young woman to her loved one.  I shut my eyes very tightly, once again I lay close to your heart, drunk with love and joy.  A romantic love letter, like so many others.  The innocence of the early 19th century in a provincial German town.  The only difference is that the man the letter is addressed to was Karl Marx.”MARY GABRIEL, M.A.:  “In Trier, he met <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_von_Westphalen" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jenny von Westphalen</a>.  She was quite a catch for Marx because he was the son of a Jewish lawyer and was, by such, a social outcast.  She was the daughter of a Prussian baron.”DR. DAVID HARVEY:  “So, he got educated in Trier.  And, then, he went to Berlin.  I guess the expectation was that he’d go to college and be a good boy and learn law or something like that.  He was, politically, very much engaged because there was always this kind of question of:  After the French Revolution, would there be a sort of liberal democracy?  What’s going to happen to the autocratic regimes in Germany?  And so on.  So, he was kind of mixed up in all of that.”NARRATOR:  “More than a century later, the romantic student from Trier had been transformed into the menace of western governments and capitalist countries.[Santa Claus/Marx cartoon omitted by scribe]“Marx had become a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogeyman" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">bogeyman</a>, the conspirator behind every social demand.[Santa Claus/Marx cartoon omitted by scribe]“The reason for this radical transformation from a promising young student into a dangerous revolutionary can be found in the basement of the Trier museum, kept in a safe.  [snip]“In that year, Europe erupted in popular revolts.  It was the moment that Marx had been waiting for after years of agitating for radical political reforms.“A spectre is haunting Europe, opens <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Communist Manifesto</a>, the spectre of communism.  All the powers of Europe have entered into holy alliance to exorcise this spectre.”MARY GABRIEL, M.A.:  “Unfortunately for Marx, he was always late in all of his writing.  And he didn’t publish The Communist Manifesto until after the 1848 revolts had begun.  So, he couldn’t take credit for those.  And, in fact, The Communist Manifesto was sort of lost in the revolution.  And it was only rediscovered later.”NARRATOR:  “The story behind The Communist Manifesto did not begin at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1848 Revolution</a>, but in Paris five years earlier when Marx met <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Friedrich Engels</a>, the revolutionary son of a wealthy industrialist.”MARY GABRIEL, M.A.:  “They met at a Paris cafe, that was known worldwide as being a place where chess masters matched wits.  Marx and Engels spent ten days and ten nights talking.  And, at the end of that time, they came out feeling that they were completely in agreement on all things.  And a beautiful relationship was born.”DR. DAVID HARVEY:  “Marx meeting Engels was, I think, a crucial moment.  He met somebody who was actually engaged in, or working in, the factories of Manchester and, therefore, could talk to Marx about the labour process.”NARRATOR:  “They are worse slaves than the negros in America, wrote Engels, for they are more sharply watched.  And, yet, it is demanded of them that they shall live like human beings, shall think and feel like men.  This they can do only under glowing hatred towards their oppressors, which degrades them as machines.”MARY GABRIEL, M.A.:  “Marx went to Manchester with Engels, for a little trip, in 1845.  He saw the people who were living in the most degraded conditions, who were building this industrial future by working in the factories.“He saw the families that had been torn apart by the factory work, the mothers who had to give their infants opium in the morning, so they could go off to work and assume that the children were going to be drugged all day and they wouldn’t have to be cared for.  For a man like Marx, a social and political theorist, and an economic theorist, to go there would be to walk right into the laboratory of humanity, of industrial humanity.”NARRATOR:  “While, in 1848, The Communist Manifesto was ignored, in 1917, it was the blueprint for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bolshevik Revolution</a> and its global ambition.”VINTAGE USA PROPAGANDA FILM:  “You ever hear of Karl Marx?  In his mind, communism was born more than a hundred years ago.”NARRATOR:  “Marx has now been transformed into a global threat.”VINTAGE USA PROPAGANDA FILM:  “This is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kremlin</a>, a citadel of Russian communism.  Looking closer we see a public display of giant portraits of communist leaders.  Here was a new face.  But in the background was an old one—Karl Marx.”MARY GABRIEL, M.A.:  “The Marx, that people in the 20th century, and in the 21st century, ran away from was Marx of The Communist Manifesto.  That’s the person, that, I think, capitalist governments and democracies and western governments, held up as the person who was responsible for communism and its atrocities in the 20th century.”NARRATOR:  “So, maybe, we got it all wrong.  We focused so much on the revolutionary message of The Communist Manifesto and ignored the bulk of the document, which analysed the real revolution, that Marx wrote about—capitalism.DR. TRISTRAM HUNT:  “Ladies and gentlemen, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were the first to chart the uncompromising, unrelenting, compulsively iconoclastic nature of capitalism.  It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties, that bound man to his natural superiors and has left no other remaining nexus between man and man than naked self-interest, than callous cash payments.“And it was Marx who revealed how capitalism would crush languages, cultures, traditions, even nations in its wake.  In one word, it creates a world after its own image, he wrote. [snip?]“I would like to suggest to you that Marx has rarely seemed more relevant.  ‘Marx’s Stock Resurges on A 150-Year Tip’ was how <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/27/arts/marx-s-stock-resurges-on-a-150-year-tip.html?pagewanted=all" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The New York Times</a>, The New York Times, marked the 150th Anniversary of the publication of The Communist Manifesto, a text, which more than any other, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/27/arts/marx-s-stock-resurges-on-a-150-year-tip.html?pagewanted=all" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">as they put it</a>, ‘recognized the unstoppable wealth-creating power of capitalism, predicted it would conquer the world, and warned that this inevitable globalization of national economies and cultures would have divisive and painful consequences’. ”NARRATOR:  “After the publication of The Communist Manifesto, Marx was expelled from continental Europe.  He was once again a refugee, this time arriving in London in 1849.”MARY GABRIEL, M.A.:  “Imagine <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Street" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dean Street</a> in 1850, the year Karl Marx and his family moved into this Soho neighborhood.  The streets were teeming with refugees, people who had fled failed revolts on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Europe" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Continent</a>.  They arrived in this country, some with only the clothes on their backs, many not even speaking the language.“Marx and his family were among the lucky.  But all they had—three adults and three children—were two rooms and an attic.  And, in those cramped quarters, Marx tried to make sense of what he had just experienced and what he saw in the streets around him.”NARRATOR:  “And, next door, a brand new exhibition opened right at the time Marx began writing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital:Critique_of_Political_Economy" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Das Kapital</a>, an exhibition celebrating the achievements of the industrial revolution.”MARY GABRIEL, M.A.:  “It was a triumph of industry.  Man’s greatest achievements were on display.  And, so, this was the dawn of a new era.  King Capitalism was on the throne.  And, yet, Marx, up in his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garret" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">garret</a>, was busily scribbling why this system would never work.  Yes, it produced wonders.  But it would also produce great destruction.”DR. DAVID HARVEY:  “I teach Marx.  And a question I always ask is:  What can we learn from Marx?  And what do we have to do for ourselves?  And I think that that’s a very important question to ask because very frequently, in the past, people have read their Marx and then sort of, I don’t know, plunked reality into it and, then, said:  Ah! Here’s the answer!  I don’t think you can do that.  I think there’s only a limited set of things we can learn from Marx.“Paradoxically, we can’t really learn that much about socialism or communism or the future from Marx.  We can learn a great deal about how capital works.”NARRATOR:  “The wealth of societies, in which capital modes of production prevail, presents itself as an immense accumulation of commodities.  Our investigation must, therefore, begin with the analysis of a commodity.  —Karl Marx, Das Kapital, Volume 1.[Audio of 1950s-ish idyllic home life omitted by scribe]“A commodity is, in the first place, an object outside of us, a thing, that by its properties, satisfies human wants.  —Das Kapital.[Audio of 1950s-ish idyllic home life omitted by scribe]DR. DAVID HARVEY:  “Now, what Marx does in Volume 1 of Capital is have a little section called The Fetishization of Commodities.  And what it, basically, means is that our daily experience doesn’t actually give us all of the information we need to understand how the system is working.“Our daily experience is we take some money and we buy a commodity.  We take it home.  That’s our daily experience.  But that doesn’t tell you anything about the labour, that went into the commodity.  It doesn’t tell you anything about why it is that this commodity costs twice as much as that commodity.  And Marx is kind of saying:  The market system disguises all of those social relations.”NARRATOR:  “There are many different commodities with different use-values.  But they have only one common property left, that of labour itself.  —Das Kapital.DR. DAVID HARVEY:  “The Industrial Revolution, which we conventionally date from around 1780 was founded upon the creation of a factory system with large-scale machinery and, of course, a labour process, that was very different from that which artisans, in making there cabinets and so on, engaged in.“This conversion and this rise of capitalism, from 1780 onwards, was for Marx a crucial transformation.”NARRATOR:  “The worker is related to the product of labour, as to an alien object.  The more the worker spends himself, the more powerful becomes the alien world of objects, which he creates, the poorer he himself, his inner world, becomes.  —Karl Marx“This iPad worker, who has asked for his identity to be hidden, has been given a camera to film his life outside the factory.  Once these workers were peasants, with a connection to the land and its products.  Now, they are part of an assembly line.  Alienation, argued Marx, is built into the manufacturing process of commodities.”DR. DAVID HARVEY:  “To Marx, it’s the idea of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_composition_of_capital" target="blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">living labour</a>, which is so crucial, which distinguishes him very much from the classical political economists, who saw labour, as a fact of production.  They call it a factor of production.  It’s a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reification%28Marxism%29" target="_blank" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">thing</a>.”[This transcript will be expanded as time constraints, and/or demand or resources, allow.]</div><div>=</div>