The History of Terrorism
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Anemias
Anemia
1931?- ? Rockefeller Anemia Commission
Cornelius P. Rhoads
At 30 seconds of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZ4G1NbUuGI
Attachments
Cornelius P. Rhoads
Secretly Exposing Americans To Chemicals
Parents
1901-? Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
1913-1951 International Health Division (IHD)
1916-1927 The International Health Board
1931?- ? Rockefeller Anemia Commission
American medical researchers
American military doctors
Biological warfare AKA cancer research Links
Biological warfare and cancer Links
Chemical weapons of the United States
Chiefs of Medicine in the Chemical Weapons Division of the U.S. Army
Directors of Memorial Hospital for Cancer Research in New York
Directors of Sloan-Kettering Institute
Directors of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Doctors at MSKCC who have participated in human experimentation
Dr. George H. Rhoads
Hematology researchers
Human subject research in the United States
Medical ethics
Medical racism in the United States
Peter Bent Brigham Hospital
Polio researchers
Racists
Rockefeller and blood links
Rockefeller and cancer links
Rockefeller and diseases links
Rockefeller and human experimentation Links
Rockefeller and polio links
Simon Flexner
Total body irradiation (TBI)
US Legion of Merit (LOM)
William Bosworth Castle
Children
1931 While working for the Rockefeller Institute, in 1931 Rhoads was invited by hematologist William B. Castle to join his Rockefeller Anemia Commission, to conduct clinical research at Presbyterian Hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
1932 During his early years with the Rockefeller Institute in the 1930s, Rhoads specialized in anemia and leukemia, working for six months in Puerto Rico in 1932 as part of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board contingent.
1932 In early 1932, a letter Rhoads had written in November 1931, which disparaged Puerto Ricans and claimed he had killed and intentionally injected cancer cells into his patients, was given by a lab assistant to Puerto Rican nationalist leader Pedro...
1932 Pedro Albizu Campos published Cornelius P. Rhoads' letter in the Puerto Rican and American media, which led to a scandal, an official investigation, and a US whitewashing campaign to protect Rhoads and, by extension, Rockefeller interests.
1932? Most prominent among his findings was a 1932 letter written by Governor Beverly to the associate director of the Rockefeller Foundation, stating that Rhoads had written a second letter "even worse than the first" and which, according to Beverley, the
1933 Following Rhoads' study in Puerto Rico, in 1933 Rhoads was chosen to lead a special service at the Rockefeller Institute in clinical hematology, to study diseases of the blood-forming organs.
1934 Rhoads and another researcher published results of the success in using liver extract therapy to treat tropical sprue (and relieve anemia).
1939-1945 During World War II, Rhoads worked for the United States Army helping to develop chemical weapons and set up research centers.
1939-1945 With his enthusiastic participation, secret experiments including race-based tests involving African Americans, Japanese Americans, and Puerto Ricans were performed on more than 60,000 U.S. soldiers.
1945 Many were left suffering from debilitating, lifelong aftereffects. For this work, he won the Legion of Merit for "combating poison gas and other advances in chemical warfare" in 1945.
1946? Due to his casualty studies on mustard gas from an accident during the war in Italy, Rhoads became interested in its potential for cancer treatment.
1948 Cornelius P. Rhoads became the director of Memorial. Rhoads had run chemical weapons programs for the US army in World War II, and had been involved in the work that led to the discovery that nitrogen mustards could potentially be used as cancer...
1948? Rhoads fostered a collaboration between Joseph H. Burchenal, a clinician at Memorial and Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome, who had discovered 6 MP, the collaboration led to the development and eventual wide use of...
1949 For his contributions to cancer research, Rhoads was featured on the cover of the June 27, 1949 issue of Time magazine under the title "Cancer Fighter".
2002 The controversy was revived. Alerted to the incident, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), which had established the Cornelius P. Rhoads Memorial Award in 1979, commissioned a new investigation.
2010 MSLAW - Secretly Exposing Americans To Chemicals - Dr. Ilya Sandra Perlingieri
2023 Johnny Harris - How the US Stole Puerto Rico
Chemotherapy
Chlormethine
Cornelius P. Rhoads Memorial Award
During Rhoads early years with the Rockefeller Institute in the 1930s, Rhoads specialized in anemia and leukemia, working for six months in Puerto Rico in 1932 as part of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board contingent.
During the investigations, Ivy Lee, who handled public relations for the Rockefeller family, and a team at the Institute began a campaign to defend Rhoads' reputation. He was seen as a promising researcher.
For the rest of his life, his research interest was in developing chemotherapy for cancer treatment, but he served primarily as an administrator and scientific director at Memorial and Sloan-Kettering.
George H. Hitchings
Gertrude B. Elion
He (Rhoads) built on his research on anemia and tropical sprue.
In the ensuing investigation, Rhoads defended himself, saying he had written his comments in anger and as a joke to a New York colleague.
Its (Mechlorethamine or Mustargen) success in clinical trials during the war years was the basis for the development of the field of anti-cancer chemotherapy.
Joseph H. Burchenal
mechlorethamine
Mercaptopurine (6-MP)
Rational Drug Design
Reaction to the Rhoads scandal and controversy was mixed in the United States, in part due to the Rockefeller campaign.
Rhoads also became interested in total body irradiation, which led to early work on chemotherapy.
United States Chemical Weapon Research Centers
US Army chemical weapons laboratory in Panama
US Army chemical weapons laboratory in Utah, Maryland
US Army's Chemical Weapons Program During WW2
Jumps
Fred W. Stewart
Hideyo Noguchi